JP4622785B2 - Optical code division multiplexing transmitter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an optical code division multiplexing transmitter.

  In order to increase communication capacity, optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) are used to transmit optical pulse signals for a plurality of channels together on a single optical fiber transmission line. Optical multiplexing technologies such as Divison Multiplexing (Optical Code Division Multiplexing) and Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM) have been studied. Among these, the OCDM has an excellent feature that there is no limit on the number of multiplexed channels when multiplexing optical pulse signals.

  According to OCDM, on the transmitting side, an optical pulse signal is encoded using a different code for each channel, and on the receiving side, decoding is performed using the same code as that on the transmitting side to obtain the original optical pulse signal. The encoding and decoding methods in OCDM include a time spreading method, a wavelength hopping method, a time spreading wavelength hopping method and the like. This invention is an invention in the time diffusion wavelength hopping method.

  The time spread wavelength hopping method will be described with reference to FIGS. For convenience of explanation, the expression “optical pulse train” refers to the total of optical pulses arranged at equal intervals on the time axis. The expression “optical pulse signal” is used only when it means an optical pulse train reflecting a binary digital electric signal.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a transmission device for OCDM communication (hereinafter simply referred to as an OCDM transmission device) using a time-spread wavelength hopping method.

  The OCDM transmission apparatus 10 includes a multi-wavelength pulse light source 15, a duplexer 28, first to fourth transmission units 30a to 30d, and a multiplexer 50.

  The multi-wavelength pulse light source 15 is a light source that outputs an optical pulse train in which light of a plurality of wavelengths is mixed. Here, the multi-wavelength pulse light source 15 outputs an optical pulse train including four wavelength components of λ1, λ2, λ3, and λ4, which are different wavelengths.

  The optical pulse train generated by the multi-wavelength pulse light source 15 is branched into four by the branching filter 28 and input to the first to fourth transmitters 30a to 30d. Since the first to fourth transmitters 30a to 30d have the same configuration, the first transmitter 30a will be described as a representative, and the description of the second to fourth transmitters 30b to 30d will be omitted.

  The optical pulse train input to the first transmitter 30 a is input to the optical pulse signal generator 32. The optical pulse signal generator 32 is configured using, for example, an electroabsorption semiconductor optical modulator. A binary digital electric signal (indicated by an arrow S10 in the figure) is input to the gate of the optical pulse signal generator 32, and the optical pulse signal generator 32 reflects the signal pattern of the binary digital electric signal S10. The optical pulse signal is output.

  The optical pulse signal is input to the encoding unit 40 and encoded. The encoding unit 40 is configured using, for example, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), and encodes an optical pulse signal input to the first transmission unit 30a. Here, a code used for encoding in the encoding unit included in the first transmission unit 30 a is code (code) 11. The signal encoded by the first transmission unit 30a is referred to as a first encoded transmission signal (indicated by an arrow S14a in the figure).

  Similarly, the optical pulse trains input to the second to fourth transmission units 30b to 30d generate optical pulse signals reflecting the signal patterns of the binary digital electric signals, respectively, and the second to fourth transmission units 30b to 30d are provided. The encoding unit encodes with different codes. Here, the codes used for encoding in the encoding units included in the second to fourth transmission units 30b to 30d are code12 to code14, respectively. As a result, the second encoded transmission signal (indicated by the arrow S14b in the figure), the third encoded transmission signal (indicated by the arrow S14c in the figure), and the fourth from the second to fourth transmitting units 30b to 30d. An encoded transmission signal (indicated by an arrow S14d in the figure) is output.

  The optical pulse signals encoded by the first to fourth transmitters 30a to 30d are multiplexed by the multiplexer 50 and then transmitted. Here, a signal (indicated by an arrow S20 in the figure) obtained by multiplexing the encoded optical pulse signal is referred to as an optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) signal.

  With reference to FIGS. 2A to 2E, OCDM encoding using the time-spreading wavelength hopping method will be described. Here, for the sake of simplicity, an example of two-multiplex OCDM in which signals encoded with two different codes are multiplexed will be described. FIG. 2A shows one optical pulse of the optical pulse signal. In the optical pulse shown in FIG. 2A, wavelength components of λ1 to λ4 are mixed. This optical pulse is encoded with the code given by code 11, and is decomposed into optical pulses for each wavelength component, as shown in FIG. 2B, and arranged at different positions on the time axis for each wavelength component. The

  Similarly, an optical pulse signal mixed with light of wavelengths λ1 to λ4 shown in FIG. 2C is encoded with a code given by code12 different from code11. By this encoding, as shown in FIG. 2 (D), it is decomposed into optical pulses for each wavelength component and arranged at different positions on the time axis for each wavelength component. The first encoded transmission signal encoded by code 11 and the second encoded transmission signal encoded by code 12 are multiplexed into a two-multiplex OCDM signal shown in FIG.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a receiving apparatus for OCDM communication (hereinafter simply referred to as an OCDM receiving apparatus) using a time spread wavelength hopping method.

  The OCDM receiving apparatus 110 includes a duplexer 120 and first to fourth receiving units 130a to 130d. The OCDM receiving apparatus 110 branches the received OCDM signal S20 into four by the branching filter 120 and sends it to the first to fourth receiving units 130a to 130d. Since the configurations of the first to fourth receivers 130a to 130d are the same, the first receiver 130a will be described as a representative, and the description of the second to fourth receivers 130b to 130d will be omitted.

  The first receiver 130a includes a decoder 140, a time gate processor 150, a clock extraction circuit 160, and a photoelectric converter 190. The decoding unit 140 included in the first reception unit 130a has the same code (code 11) as the encoding unit 40 included in the first transmission unit 30a described with reference to FIG. Similarly, the decoding units included in the second to fourth receiving units 130b to 130d have the same codes (code 12 to code 14) as the encoding units included in the second to fourth transmitting units 30b to 30d, respectively.

  The OCDM decoding will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, an example in which the two-multiplex OCDM signal described with reference to FIG. 2 is decoded is shown. 4A to 4D are diagrams for explaining decoding of the two-multiplex OCDM signal. 4A is a diagram showing a signal obtained by decoding the received OCDM signal with a code given by code 11, and FIG. 4C is a signal obtained by decoding the received OCDM signal with a code given by code 12. FIG.

  As described above, the optical pulse signal decoded by each decoder includes an autocorrelation signal whose code matches that of the decoder and a cross-correlation signal whose code does not match that of the decoder. For example, for an optical pulse signal decoded by a decoder (hereinafter also referred to as a first decoder) included in the first receiving unit 30a, the first encoded transmission signal is decoded by the first decoder. The obtained optical pulse signal is an autocorrelation signal. On the other hand, the optical pulse signal obtained by decoding the second encoded transmission signal with the first decoder becomes a cross-correlation signal. Similarly, for the optical pulse signal decoded by the decoder (hereinafter also referred to as the second decoder) included in the second receiving unit 30b, the second encoded transmission signal is decoded by the second decoder. The converted optical pulse signal is an autocorrelation signal, and the optical pulse signal obtained by decoding the first encoded transmission signal by the second decoder is a cross-correlation signal.

  Here, in the optical pulse signal obtained as a result of decoding, the cross-correlation signal becomes so-called interference noise. When the number of multiplexing by encoding increases, interference noise due to the cross-correlation signal increases, so that the error rate of the decoded signal increases. Therefore, in order to reduce the signal error rate, it is necessary to perform time gate processing (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

  Here, the time gate process is a process of extracting a signal at a desired time interval. The decoded signal is passed through the gate for the time when the autocorrelation signal is input, and the cross correlation signal is passed. During the time when is inputted, only the autocorrelation signal is extracted by closing the gate. FIG. 4B and FIG. 4D show signals extracted by performing time gate processing on the signals decoded by the first decoder and the second decoder, respectively. Yes. In order to perform this time gate processing, a clock signal that defines the time interval of the time gate is required, and it is necessary to extract a clock signal having the same frequency as that of the clock signal on the transmission unit side.

  In the conventional OCDM receiving apparatus, the signal decoded by the decoding unit 140 is branched into two, one is sent to the clock extraction circuit 160, and the clock extraction circuit 160 outputs a clock signal (indicated by an arrow S36 in FIG. 3). (See Non-Patent Document 2, for example).

The signal decoded by the decoding unit 140 is input to the time gate processor 150. As the time gate processor 150 that performs time gate processing, for example, EAM can be used. The clock signal S36 extracted by the clock extraction circuit 160 is input to the gate of the time gate processor 150, and only the autocorrelation signal is extracted. The output of the time gate processor 150 is input to the optical amplifier 152a and amplified. For example, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier can be used as the optical amplifier 152a. An ASE cut filter 152b is disposed at the output section of the optical amplifier 152a to remove the ASE component. The output signal from the ASE cut filter 152b is input to the photoelectric converter 190, converted into an electrical signal, and then output.
Hideyuki Tonobayashi, Wataru Nakajo, Kenichi Kitayama “Petabit-class Photonic Network Fundamental Technology Using Optical Code Division Multiplexing” Communications Research Laboratory Quarterly Vol. 48, no. 1, 2002 Hideyuki Sotobayashi, Wataru Chujo, Ken-ichi Kitayama, "Transparent Virtual Optical Code / Wavelength Path IC OUR MU L EL EC L EL EC ON EL E VOL EL TECH EL E VOL EL TECH EL E VER EL. 8, NO. 3, May / June 2002

  However, since the conventional OCDM receiver disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2 extracts the clock signal from the decoded signal, the clock signal has a large time jitter. The autocorrelation signal fluctuates.

  Therefore, when the inventors of the present application conducted extensive research, the receiving unit extracts a clock from an encoded signal before decoding, that is, in an encoded state, and further extracts the clock. In this case, it was found that the time jitter is reduced by selecting one wavelength and setting the light intensity of the selected wavelength to be different for each code.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to determine the light intensity of an optical pulse reflected from an encoder when encoding using a fiber Bragg grating type encoder. An object of the present invention is to provide an optical code division multiplex transmission device that reduces time jitter of a clock signal used in time gating processing by a receiving device by making the wavelength different.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, an optical code division multiplexing transmission apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a number of transmission units equal to the number of channels, and is obtained by encoding using a time spreading wavelength hopping code. Send a signal.

  Each of the transmission units includes a modulator and an encoder. The modulator converts the optical pulse train into an optical pulse signal that has an equal number of wavelength components to the number of channels and reflects an electrical pulse signal that represents a transmission signal. The encoder is of the fiber Bragg grating type, and performs encoding using a time-spreading wavelength hopping code by reflecting the optical pulse signal by giving different delay times for each wavelength component, thereby encoding the optical pulse. Generate a signal.

The fiber Bragg grating type encoder includes unit fiber Bragg gratings that sequentially reflect light of different wavelengths in the light propagation direction in the encoder. The encoders included in each of the transmission units are set so that the total reflection amounts are equal to each other, and the reflectance in one unit fiber Bragg grating is the reflectance in other unit fiber Bragg gratings included in the same encoder , and the other Is set higher than the reflectivity of the unit fiber Bragg grating that reflects light of the same wavelength .

Here, the fiber Bragg grating type encoder includes unit fiber Bragg gratings that reflect light of each wavelength sequentially in the propagation direction of the encoder, and for each encoder, the propagation direction of one unit fiber Bragg grating is determined. By making the length longer than the length in the propagation direction of other unit fiber Bragg gratings provided in the same encoder, the reflectance for light of one wavelength can be set higher than the reflectance for light of other wavelengths. .

In addition, with respect to each encoder, the coupling coefficient of one unit fiber Bragg grating is different from the coupling coefficient of other unit fiber Bragg gratings included in the same encoder, so that the reflectance with respect to light of one wavelength is increased. Can be set higher than the reflectance for light of other wavelengths.

  According to the optical code division multiplexing transmission apparatus of the present invention, when encoding using a fiber Bragg grating type encoder, the light intensity of the optical pulse reflected from the encoder is increased for one wavelength for each code. ing.

  As a result, when the clock signal is generated from one wavelength component of the encoded signal when the clock is extracted from the optical code division multiplexed signal received by the optical code division multiplexing receiver, time jitter is reduced. Can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the positions, sizes, and arrangement relationships of the constituent elements are merely schematically shown to the extent that the present invention can be understood. In the following, a preferred configuration example of the present invention will be described. However, the numerical conditions of each component are merely preferred examples. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

  With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 5, an optical code division multiplexing transmission apparatus according to the present invention will be described. Here, a case will be described as an example in which a four-wavelength OCDM signal of a three-wave code obtained by multiplexing four coded signals each coded by four codes by the time spread wavelength hopping method is received. Here, the four-wavelength OCDM of the three-wave code means that, when encoding, three codes are selected from the four wavelengths λ1 to λ4 and encoded. Here, codes used for encoding in the encoding units included in the first to fourth transmission units 30a to 30d are represented by code (code) 21 to code24, respectively.

  In the optical code division multiplexing transmission apparatus of the present invention, the configuration other than the encoder 40 can be the same as the conventional transmission apparatus described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a transmission device for OCDM communication (hereinafter simply referred to as an OCDM transmission device) using a time-spread wavelength hopping method.

  The OCDM transmission apparatus 10 includes a multi-wavelength pulse light source 15, a duplexer 28, first to fourth transmission units 30a to 30d, and a multiplexer 50.

  The multi-wavelength pulse light source 15 is a light source that outputs an optical pulse train in which light of a plurality of wavelengths is mixed. Here, an example will be described in which the multi-wavelength pulse light source 15 outputs an optical pulse train including four wavelength components of λ1, λ2, λ3, and λ4, which are mutually different wavelengths.

  The multi-wavelength pulse light source 15 includes first to fourth light sources 20a to 20d, a multiplexer 22, an optical pulse train generator 24, and a clock generator 26. For example, semiconductor laser diodes (LDs) are used as the first to fourth light sources 20a to 20d. The first to fourth light sources 20a to 20d output continuous light having wavelengths λ1 to λ4, respectively. The continuous lights of wavelengths λ1 to λ4 output from the first to fourth light sources 20a to 20d are multiplexed by the multiplexer 22 and then input to the optical pulse train generator 24. The optical pulse train generator 24 is configured by using, for example, an electro-absorption semiconductor optical modulator (EAM: Electro-absorption Modulator). The optical pulse train generator 24 generates an optical pulse train with a period equal to the period of the electrical clock signal generated by the clock generator 26. Each optical pulse constituting the optical pulse train includes wavelength components of λ1 to λ4.

  The optical pulse train generated by the multi-wavelength pulse light source 15 is branched into four by the branching filter 28 and input to the first to fourth transmitters 30a to 30d. Since the first to fourth transmitters 30a to 30d have the same configuration, the first transmitter 30a will be described as a representative, and the description of the second to fourth transmitters 30b to 30d will be omitted.

  The optical pulse train input to the first transmitter 30 a is input to the optical pulse signal generator 32. The optical pulse signal generator 32 is configured using, for example, EAM. A binary digital electric signal (indicated by an arrow S10 in the figure) is input to the gate of the optical pulse signal generator 32, and the optical pulse signal generator 32 reflects the signal pattern of the binary digital electric signal S10. The optical pulse signal is output.

  The optical pulse signal is input to the encoding unit 40 and encoded. The encoding unit 40 is configured using, for example, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), and encodes an optical pulse signal input to the first transmission unit 30a. Here, the signal encoded by the first transmission unit 30a is referred to as a first encoded transmission signal S14a.

  Similarly, the optical pulse trains input to the second to fourth transmission units 30b to 30d generate optical pulse signals reflecting the signal patterns of the binary digital electric signals, respectively, and the second to fourth transmission units 30b to 30d are provided. The encoding unit encodes with different codes. As a result, the second encoded transmission signal S14b, the third encoded transmission signal S14c, and the fourth encoded transmission signal S14d are output from the second to fourth transmission units 30b to 30d.

  In the case of three-wave code 4-multiplex OCDM, for example, the first encoded transmission signal S14a includes λ2, λ3, and λ4 as wavelength components, and the second encoded transmission signal S14b includes λ1, λ3, and λ4 as wavelength components. The third encoded transmission signal S14c includes λ1, λ2, and λ4 as wavelength components, and the fourth encoded transmission signal S14d includes λ1, λ2, and λ3 as wavelength components.

  With reference to FIG. 5, an encoding unit used for three-wave code 4-multiplex OCDM will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an encoding unit used for four-multiplex OCDM of a three-wave code, and shows an example of an encoding unit included in the first transmission unit 30a.

  The encoding unit 40a includes a circulator 42, an encoder 44, and a terminator 46. The optical pulse signal (indicated by an arrow S12 in the figure) input to the encoding unit 40a is sent to the encoder 44 via the circulator 42. The encoder 44 is composed of, for example, a fiber Bragg grating. The encoder 44 includes unit fiber gratings (units FBG) that reflect light of wavelengths λ2, λ3, and λ4, respectively, arranged in series with respect to the light propagation direction in the encoder 44.

  Of the optical pulse signal S12 in which the wavelengths λ1, λ2, λ3, and λ4 are mixed, a component having a wavelength of λ2 is reflected from the unit FBG indicated by λ2. Similarly, a component having a wavelength of λ3 is reflected from the unit FBG indicated by λ3, and a component having a wavelength of λ4 is reflected from the unit FBG indicated by λ4. The optical signals reflected by these encoders 44 are output as the first encoded transmission signal S14a via the circulator 42. Thus, the first encoded transmission signal S14a encoded by the encoding unit 40a is a signal including wavelength components of wavelengths λ2, λ3, and λ4.

  The first to fourth encoded transmission signals S14a to 14d encoded by the first to fourth transmission units 30a to 30d are multiplexed by the multiplexer 50 and then transmitted as OCDM signals.

  Here, the total reflection amount that is the sum of the reflection amounts of the respective wavelength components of the optical pulse signal at the encoder included in the first transmission unit 30a, the total reflection amount at the encoder included in the second transmission unit 30b, and the third The total reflection amount at the encoder included in the transmission unit 30c and the total reflection amount of the optical pulse signal at the encoder included in the fourth transmission unit 30d are all equal. For example, when the total reflection amount at the encoder included in the first transmission unit 30a is set to be greater than the total reflection amount at the encoder included in the second to fourth transmission units 30b to 30d, the OCDM receiving device This is because when the 2-4 encoded transmission signal is decoded, the light intensity of the cross-correlation signal resulting from the first encoded transmission signal increases, and the code error rate may be increased.

  For the first to fourth encoded transmission signals S14a to S14d, the reflectance for light of one wavelength is made higher than the reflectance for light of other wavelengths. The reflectance of the fiber Bragg grating is determined by parameters such as the length of the unit FBG, the wavelength of light reflected by the unit FBG (Bragg wavelength), the coupling coefficient between the light and the grating, and the like. Further, the coupling coefficient changes according to the refractive index modulation amount. Therefore, the reflectance for each unit FBG can be set by changing these parameters.

  For example, the light reflectance can be changed by setting the length L of the unit FBG that reflects light of one wavelength to be different from that of the other unit FBG. Further, the reflectance of light can be changed by equalizing the length of the unit FBG for each wavelength and changing the refractive index modulation amount.

  Here, the reflectivity for light of different wavelengths is set high for each channel, that is, for each of the transmission units. For example, for the first encoded transmission signal including λ2, λ3, and λ4 as wavelength components, by making the length L1 of the unit FBG for the wavelength λ4 longer than the length L2 of the unit FBG for the wavelengths λ2 and λ3, The light intensity at wavelength λ4 is increased. Similarly, for the second encoded transmission signal S14b including λ1, λ3, and λ4 as wavelength components, the optical intensity of the wavelength λ3 is increased, and for the third encoded transmission signal S14c including λ1, λ2, and λ4 as wavelength components. Increases the intensity of the wavelength λ2, and increases the intensity of the wavelength λ1 for the fourth encoded transmission signal S14d including λ1, λ2, and λ3 as wavelength components.

  With reference to FIG. 6, the OCDM receiving apparatus of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of an OCDM receiving apparatus according to the present invention.

  The OCDM receiver 111 includes a duplexer 120 and first to fourth receivers 131a to 131d. The OCDM signal S20 received by the OCDM receiver 111 is branched into four by the duplexer 120 and then sent to the first to fourth receivers 131a to 131d. Since the configurations of the first to fourth receivers 131a to 131d are the same, the first receiver 131a will be described as a representative, and the description of the second to fourth receivers 131b to 131d will be omitted.

  The first reception unit 131a includes a decoding unit 141, a time gate processor 150, an optical amplifier 172a, an ASE cut filter 172b, a clock extraction circuit 161, and a photoelectric converter 190.

  The decoding unit 141 included in the first receiving unit 131a includes a circulator 143 and a decoder 145, and has the same code (code 21) as the encoder included in the first transmitting unit 30a. When the encoding unit 40 included in the first transmission unit 30a is configured to use the FBG described with reference to FIG. 5, the decoder 145 included in the first reception unit 131a is the encoder included in the first transmission unit 30a. The same can be used. The decoder 145 included in the decoding unit 141 has the end connected to the circulator 143 opposite to the encoder 44 included in the encoding unit 40. Note that the unit FBGs for the wavelengths λ2, λ3, and λ4 of the decoder 145 may all have the same length, for example, so that the reflectances are equal.

  The circulator 143 sends one signal of the OCDM signal branched into four by the branching filter 120 to the decoder 145 and sends the decoded signal input from the decoder 145 to the time gate processor 150.

  The decoder 145 included in the first receiving unit 131a reflects the components of wavelengths λ2, λ3, and λ4 of the received OCDM signal. Since the decoder 145 included in the first receiver 131a has the same code (code 21) as the encoder included in the first transmitter 30a, the signal encoded by the encoder 40 included in the first transmitter 30a is The optical pulse signal can be recovered as an autocorrelation signal after being decoded by the encoder 145. The signals encoded by the encoding units included in the second to fourth transmission units 30b to 30d are encoded with codes (code22 to code24) different from the codes (code21) included in the decoder included in the first reception unit 131a. Therefore, the signal encoded by the encoding unit 40 included in the first transmission unit 30a is not restored and becomes a cross-correlation signal.

  Since the decoder 145 includes the unit FBG that reflects the components of λ2, λ3, and λ4, the component of λ1 passes through the decoder 145. The signal that passes through the decoder 145 is an encoded signal that has not been decoded, that is, has been encoded. Since the signals encoded by the codes indicated by code 22, code 23, and code 24 each include a component of λ1, the encoded signal transmitted through the decoder 145 includes a time axis during one period of the optical pulse train. The component of wavelength λ1 is included in the above three locations.

  This encoded signal is sent to the clock extraction circuit 161. The clock extraction circuit 161 includes a wavelength filter 171, an optical amplifier 172a, an ASE cut filter 172b, a first clock signal generation unit 170, and a second clock signal generation unit 180.

  The encoded signal includes weak components of wavelengths λ2, λ3, and λ4 that are transmitted without being reflected by the decoder 145 in addition to the component of wavelength λ1. Therefore, the wavelength filter 171 blocks the components of the wavelengths λ2, λ3, and λ4. At this time, in order to enhance the blocking effect, two first wavelength filters 171 a and two second wavelength filters 171 b having the same transmission wavelength region are arranged in series as the wavelength filter 171.

  The encoded signal that has passed through the wavelength filter 171 is input to the optical amplifier 172a and amplified. For example, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier can be used as the optical amplifier 172a. In an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, the intensity of spontaneous emission light (ASE) amplified by stimulated emission in the optical fiber increases, and noise as an amplifier increases. Therefore, an ASE cut filter 172b is disposed at the output section of the optical amplifier 172a to remove the ASE component.

  The encoded signal passes through the wavelength filter 171, the optical amplifier 172a, and the ASE cut filter 172b, and then is branched into two, a first encoded signal and a second encoded signal. One first encoded signal is input to the first clock signal generation unit 170, and the other second encoded signal is input to the second clock signal generation unit 180.

  The first clock signal generator 170 includes a photoelectric converter 173 to which the first encoded signal is input, a band pass filter 175, a limiting amplifier 177, and a first variable delay device 179 that outputs the first clock signal. They are connected in order. The second clock signal generation unit 180 includes an intensity modulator 181 and 2R receiver 183 to which the second encoded signal is input, a clock recovery circuit 185, and a second variable delay device 187 that outputs the second clock signal. They are connected in this order.

  The first encoded signal sent to the first clock signal generation unit 170 is first sent to the photoelectric converter 173 and converted into an electric signal by the photoelectric converter 173. As the photoelectric converter 173, for example, any suitable conventionally known photodiode can be used. The electric signal that is the output of the photoelectric converter 173 is input to the band pass filter 175. As the band pass filter 175, a band pass filter having a cutoff frequency corresponding to a predetermined data transmission rate is used. For example, in the case of a transmission rate of 10 Gbps, it is preferable to use a bandpass filter that transmits a signal in the vicinity of 10 GHz. The band pal filter 175 cuts off an electrical signal having a frequency different from the frequency of the clock generator included in the OCDM transmission apparatus (indicated by reference numeral 26 in FIG. 1), and has an electric frequency equal to the frequency of the clock generator 26. Output a signal. At this time, in order to enhance the blocking effect, two first band pass filters 175a and two second band pass filters 175b having the same transmission frequency are arranged in series.

  Here, the first clock signal is extracted from one wavelength component by the wavelength filter 171 and, for example, intensity jitter and time jitter are smaller than those of a conventional clock signal extracted from a plurality of wavelength components. . In addition, since encoding is performed so that the light intensity for one code is higher than the light intensity for the other codes, time jitter can be further reduced as described later.

  With reference to FIG. 7, the relationship between an encoded signal and a clock signal when the light intensity is changed for each code for light of one wavelength component will be described.

  7A to 7G respectively show the optical signal of the output part of the wavelength filter included in the fourth receiving unit in the upper stage, and show the clock signal of the output part of the bandpass filter in the lower stage. Since the decoder included in the fourth receiving unit has the code of code 24, that is, reflects the wavelengths λ1, λ2, and λ3, the wavelength filter transmits only the component of the wavelength λ4. Accordingly, the upper part of FIGS. 7A to 7G shows the component of the wavelength λ4 of the encoded signal before decoding. 7A to 7G, the horizontal axis indicates time (ps), and the vertical axis indicates the intensity of the optical signal and the clock signal in arbitrary units (au).

  FIG. 7A shows a case where the light intensity is uniform for each code at the time of encoding. FIG. 7B shows the code 22 (C2) and code 23 (C3) with respect to code 21 (C1). The case where the light intensity is weakened by 1 dB is shown. Similarly, in FIG. 7C, when the light intensities of code 22 and code 23 are weakened by 2 dB with respect to code 21, FIG. 7E, when the light intensity of the code 22 and the code 23 is weakened by 4 dB with respect to the code 21, the light intensity of the code 22 and the code 23 is weak by 5 dB with respect to the code 21. Shows the case. FIG. 7G illustrates a case where light of code 22 and code 23 is not included.

  As shown in FIGS. 7A to 7F, when the light intensity of the code 22 and the code 23 with respect to the code 21 is decreased, the width in the time axis direction of the output signal of the bandpass filter 175, that is, the time jitter is increased. It turns out that it decreases. For example, when the light intensity shown in FIG. 7A is uniform, the width of the bandpass filter in the time axis direction is about 20 ps, whereas it is weakened by 4 dB shown in FIG. Is reduced to about 10 ps.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7 (F), when 5 dB is weakened, the width of the output signal of the bandpass filter in the time axis direction does not include the signals of code 22 and code 23 shown in FIG. 7 (G). It becomes the same level.

  Therefore, by improving the reflection characteristics of the encoder, it is possible to reduce the time jitter of the output of the bandpass filter by increasing the signal for one code among a plurality of codes within the same wavelength. The time jitter of the clock signal can be reduced.

  For this reason, when extracting a clock from the optical code division multiplexing signal received by the optical code division multiplexing receiver, time jitter can be reduced.

  An electric signal used also as a clock signal output from the band pass filter 175 is input to the limiting amplifier 177. The limiting amplifier 177 is a circuit that prevents the amplitude from becoming larger than a predetermined level. By using the limiting amplifier 177, it is possible to reduce fluctuation (intensity jitter) in the intensity direction of the electric signal.

  The output signal of the limiting amplifier 177 has the same frequency as the optical pulse train. The first variable delay device 179 adjusts the output signal of the limiting amplifier 177 so that the position of the second encoded signal on the optical pulse coincides with the position on the time axis, and generates the first clock signal as the first clock signal. Output from the unit 170.

  The first clock signal is sent to the second clock signal generation unit 180 and input to the gate of the intensity modulator 181 included in the second clock signal generation 180 unit.

  The second encoded signal sent to the second clock signal generation unit 180 is input to the intensity modulator 181. A conventionally known EAM can be used as the intensity modulator 181.

  The intensity modulator 181 performs time gate processing on the second encoded signal using the first clock signal, and extracts one optical pulse for each period of the optical pulse train. The output of the intensity modulator 181 is input to the optical amplifier 182a and amplified. As the optical amplifier 182a, for example, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier can be used. An ASE cut filter 182b is disposed at the output of the optical amplifier 182a to remove the ASE component. The optical signal from which the ASE component has been removed is converted into an electric clock signal. In order to further reduce time jitter, a 2R receiver 183 and a clock recovery circuit (CDR: Clock Data Recovery) 185 are used. As the 2R receiver 183, for example, R602 (product name) manufactured by Discovery Semiconductor may be used. Further, as the CDR 185, for example, MOS43CM (product name) manufactured by NTT Electronics Corporation can be used. The second variable delay unit 187 adjusts the output signal of the CDR 185 so that the optical pulse of the decoded signal matches the position on the time axis, and outputs it from the second clock signal generation unit 180 as the second clock signal. .

  The signal decoded by the decoding unit 141 is input to the time gate processor 150. The second clock signal is input to the gate of the time gate processor 150, and only the autocorrelation signal is extracted.

  When the optical code division multiplexing transmission apparatus of the present invention is used, time jitter at the output of the bandpass filter is reduced as compared with the case where the conventional optical intensity is equal for each code. Therefore, the clock extraction circuit may be configured to input the first clock signal output from the first clock signal generation unit to the gate of the time gate processor 150 without including the second clock signal generation unit.

  The output of the time gate processor 150 is input to the optical amplifier 152a and amplified. For example, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier is used as the optical amplifier 152a. An ASE cut filter 152b is disposed at the output section of the optical amplifier 152a to remove the ASE component. The output signal from the time gate processor 150 is input to the photoelectric converter 190, converted into an electrical signal (indicated by an arrow S38a in the figure), and then output.

It is a schematic block diagram of an OCDM transmission apparatus using a time spread wavelength hopping method. It is a figure for demonstrating the encoding of OCDM using a time spreading | diffusion wavelength hopping method. It is a schematic block diagram of an OCDM receiver using a time spread wavelength hopping method. It is a figure for demonstrating decoding of OCDM using a time spreading | diffusion wavelength hopping method. It is a figure for demonstrating the encoding part used for 4 multiplexing OCDM of 3 wave codes. It is a schematic block diagram of the OCDM receiver of this invention. It is a figure which shows an encoding signal and a clock signal.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 OCDM transmitter 15 Multiwavelength pulse light source 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d Light source 22 Multiplexer 24 Optical pulse train generator 26 Clock generator 28 Demultiplexer 30a 1st transmission part 30b 2nd transmission part 30c 3rd transmission part 30d Fourth transmitter 32 Optical pulse signal generator 40, 40a Encoder 42, 143 Circulator 44 Encoder 46 Terminator 50 Multiplexer 110, 111 OCDM receiver 120 Demultiplexer 130a, 131a First receiver 130b, 131b First 2 receivers 130c, 131c third receivers 130d, 131d fourth receivers 140, 141 decoders 145 decoders 150 time gate processors 152a, 172a, 182a optical amplifiers 152b, 172b, 182b ASE cut filters 160, 161 clocks Extraction circuit 170 1 clock signal generation unit 171, 171a, 171b wavelength filter 173 photoelectric converter 175, 175a, 175b bandpass filter 177 limiting amplifier 179 first variable delay unit 180 second clock signal generation unit 181 intensity modulator 183 2R receiver 185 clock Reproduction circuit 187 Second variable delay device 190 Photoelectric converter

Claims (3)

A transmitter that transmits an optical code division multiplexed signal obtained by encoding using a time-spreading wavelength hopping code, comprising a number of transmitters equal to the number of channels,
Each of the transmitters is
A modulator that converts an optical pulse train into an optical pulse signal having a number of wavelength components equal to the number of channels and reflecting an electrical pulse signal representing a transmission signal;
A fiber Bragg grating type that generates an encoded optical pulse signal by performing encoding using a time-spreading wavelength hopping code by reflecting the optical pulse signal with different delay times for each wavelength component And an encoder
The fiber Bragg grating type encoder sequentially includes unit fiber Bragg gratings that reflect light of different wavelengths in the light propagation direction in the encoder,
The encoders included in each of the transmission units have total reflection amounts set equal to each other, and the reflectance in one unit fiber Bragg grating is the reflectance in other unit fiber Bragg gratings included in the same encoder , and An optical code division multiplex transmission apparatus, which is set higher than the reflectance of a unit fiber Bragg grating that reflects light of the same wavelength provided in another encoder . For each of the encoders included in each of the transmission units, the length in the propagation direction of the one unit fiber Bragg grating is longer than the length in the propagation direction of other unit fiber Bragg gratings included in the same encoder. The optical code division multiplexing transmission apparatus according to claim 1. For the encoder, each of said transmission unit comprises, according to claim 1, the coupling coefficient of said one unit fiber Bragg grating, characterized in that is different from the coupling coefficient of the other unit fiber Bragg gratings same encoder comprises An optical code division multiplex transmission apparatus according to 1.

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