JP4589905B2 - Pesticide spray drift detection method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a drift detection technique when applying agricultural chemicals. More specifically, the present invention relates to a technique for detecting drift by measuring the concentration of pesticides in the air using an optical analysis technique.

  In recent years, with the amendment of the Food Sanitation Law, attention has been focused on residual agricultural chemicals in agricultural crops in response to the establishment of strict residual agricultural chemical reference values for some agricultural crops. Accordingly, there is a strong demand for appropriate pesticide application and accurate measurement of residual pesticide values at the time of shipment. For example, when spraying pesticides, spraying concentrates on a specific part of the field, the amount of spraying increases, the residual agricultural chemical value at the time of harvest may exceed the reference value, and shipping may not be possible, and gusts when spraying agricultural chemicals, etc. Pesticides may be scattered outside the field to be sprayed due to natural phenomena, so-called drift may cause the residual pesticide value to exceed the reference value and be unable to ship if the pesticide adheres to the crop just before harvest was there. Confirmation of spraying conditions such as spraying amount distribution and drift judgment at the time of spraying agricultural chemicals occupies an important position to avoid such losses.

Conventionally, the method for confirming the state of spraying, such as the amount of agricultural chemicals and the concentration of agricultural chemicals, at the time of spraying agricultural chemicals or after spraying agricultural chemicals, has been the visual confirmation of workers or the confirmation method using water sensitive paper (for example, patents) Reference 1). In addition, a device capable of grasping a wide spatial distribution of substances such as gas and temperature using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and appropriate reflecting means (reflecting mirror, corner cube mirror, etc.) (See, for example, Patent Document 2).
JP 2001-172104 A JP 2003-344277 A

  However, the visual confirmation method and the method using the water sensitive paper described in Patent Document 1 have been unable to accurately determine the state of pesticide adhesion and the state of drift, and the confirmation work has been troublesome. And when there was a drift, the elapsed time from the spraying of the agricultural chemical to the harvesting was determined by an empirical rule based on the concentration of the sprayed agricultural chemical and the spraying amount detected by the water sensitive paper. However, when the concentration of the pesticide is actually wrong and a thick pesticide is sprayed, the residual pesticide value may exceed the standard value defined by the Food Sanitation Law. In addition, when entering a drifting field, the concentration of the agrochemicals volatilized in the atmosphere was high, and there was a possibility of causing damage to health. Further, when the technique described in Patent Document 2 is used, a wide spatial distribution can be grasped, but the reflecting means must be configured to be freely movable along a rail or the like. Therefore, it is necessary to change the configuration of the rails, etc., which is not suitable for monitoring the agrochemical application status at the time of spraying the agrochemicals on the field where the monitoring target (area) changes appropriately. It was. The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and at the time of spraying agricultural chemicals on the field, using optical analysis technology, detects drift to the outside of the agricultural chemical application target field and detects the concentration of the drifted agricultural chemical. Is to provide a method.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above. Next, means for solving the problem will be described.

In claim 1, a predetermined optical path is set in a predetermined region near the agricultural field to which the agricultural chemical is applied, and infrared light is projected / received, and the received light data is spectrum-analyzed to measure the concentration of the agricultural chemical in the air. The pesticide spraying drift detection method is characterized in that the pesticide spraying drift detection method sets a light path at a predetermined distance on a ridge that is a boundary region between a field to which agricultural chemicals are sprayed and a field to which spraying is not performed. An optical path that is a straight line connecting the analyzing device (1) and the one or more reflecting mirrors (5) is provided with a support base for the analyzing device (1) and one or more reflecting mirrors (5). The light projecting direction of the light projecting unit in the analyzer (1) is set so as to be substantially parallel to the ridge between the field to be spread and the non-target field to be spread, and the one or more reflecting mirrors ( 5) Make the incident light and reflected light paths for The inclination of the reflecting surface of the one or more reflecting mirrors (5) is set, and the analysis device (1) is a measuring device using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and the analysis device ( 1) Infrared light is projected from the telescope (4) through the interferometer (3) from the light source (2) in the inside, and the light reflected by the reflecting mirror (5) installed at a distant position is again The light is condensed by the telescope (4), and the collected light is detected by a detector (6) .

In Claim 2, in the agrochemical dispersion | distribution drift detection method of Claim 1, when the measured agrochemical density | concentration is more than a preset value, it alert | reports to an operator by an alarm device (14) .

In Claim 3, in the agricultural chemical spraying drift detection method of Claim 1, it determines and displays which concentration level of the measured agricultural chemical concentration is a concentration level divided into a plurality of stages. .

  As effects of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

As in claim 1, a predetermined optical path is set in a predetermined area near the agricultural chemical application target field, infrared light is projected / received, and the received light data is spectrum-analyzed to measure the concentration of the agricultural chemical in the air. The pesticide spraying drift detection method is characterized in that the pesticide spraying drift detection method sets a light path at a predetermined distance on a ridge that is a boundary region between a field to which agricultural chemicals are sprayed and a field to which spraying is not performed. An optical path that is a straight line connecting the analyzing device (1) and the one or more reflecting mirrors (5) is provided with a support base for the analyzing device (1) and one or more reflecting mirrors (5). The light projecting direction of the light projecting unit in the analyzer (1) is set so as to be substantially parallel to the ridge between the field to be spread and the non-target field to be spread, and the one or more reflecting mirrors ( 5) so that the optical paths of the incident light and the reflected light coincide with each other. Or the inclination of the reflective surface of a some reflective mirror (5) is set, and the said analyzer (1) is set as the measuring instrument using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and this analyzer (1) The infrared light is projected from the telescope (4) through the interferometer (3) from the inner light source (2), and the light reflected by the reflecting mirror (5) installed at a remote position is again transmitted to the telescope. Since the condensed light is collected by (4) and the collected light is detected by the detector (6), it is possible to detect the presence or absence of the drift of the agricultural chemical application by detecting the atmospheric concentration after the agricultural chemical application. In addition, by using an optical analysis technique, the result can be immediately obtained, and it is also possible to confirm the change with time on the monitor.

Further , the light projecting unit can be fixed at one place, and the measurement optical path can be arbitrarily set depending on the installation location of the reflecting mirror. In addition, the optical path can be set longer by reciprocating, the drift detection range is widened, and the measurement result can be made reliable.

In addition, since infrared light is projected from the telescope 4, the light reflected by the reflecting mirror 5 installed at a distant position is condensed again by the telescope, and the collected light is detected by the detector 6. It is possible to accurately detect a drift from the spray target field to the non-spread area.

As in claim 2, in the method for detecting drift of agrochemical spray according to claim 1, since the alarm device (14) notifies the operator when the measured pesticide concentration is equal to or higher than a set value , The operator can be alerted, and measures such as stopping the spraying or changing the spraying method can be taken.

As in claim 3, in the method for detecting drift of agrochemical spraying according to claim 1, since the measured concentration level of the agricultural chemical is determined and displayed, the concentration level is divided into a plurality of stages. When drifting to a non-target field, it is possible to prevent the loss that the harvested crop exceeds the residual standard value and cannot be shipped by presenting the pesticide consumption period according to the concentration level of the drifted pesticide.

  Next, embodiments of the invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a drift detection method.

  FIG. 3 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the drift detection method.

<Analyzer>
First, the configuration of the analyzer 1 used in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  The analyzer 1 is a measuring instrument using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and the measuring method adopts an open path system. In this open path system, infrared light is projected from the telescope 4 from the light source 2 in the analyzer 1 via the interferometer 3, and the light reflected by the reflecting mirror 5 installed at a distant position is again transmitted. In this system, the light is collected by a telescope and the collected light is detected by a detector 6. Further, the detected light is converted into a digital signal by an A / D converter and output to a computer 10 serving as a control means connected to the analyzer 1, and the arithmetic unit 11 provided in the computer 10 converts the detected light into the digital signal. On the other hand, arithmetic processing such as Fourier transform processing is performed, and a specific gas concentration in the atmosphere is measured, or an average gas concentration of a minute amount of gas in the air in a long optical path is quantified simultaneously. However, arithmetic processing such as Fourier transform processing is not performed by the arithmetic unit 11 but may be performed by arithmetic means built in the analyzer 1, and is not limited to the present embodiment.

<Quantitative analysis method>
The detection light detected by the detector 6 is analyzed by the computer 10 connected to the analyzer 1. That is, the digital signal input to the computer 10 is Fourier transformed into a measurement spectrum and quantitatively analyzed by the calculation unit 11 under a predetermined condition. The quantitative analysis by the calculation unit 11 uses a search library 12 described later, specifies one or a plurality of pesticides included in the measurement spectrum by calculating the correlation between the measurement spectrum and the pesticide spectrum, The pesticide concentration is calculated. The correlation calculation method is to calculate a correlation coefficient between the pesticide spectrum and the measured spectrum between wave numbers at which characteristic waveforms of the pesticide spectrum stored in the search library 12 appear.

  The search library 12 is a database stored in a storage device such as a magnetic disk provided in the computer 10 and stores a plurality of agricultural chemical spectra and the like created in advance by experiments or the like. In more detail, the search library 12 classifies a plurality of pesticide spectra and pesticides having similar spectrum waveforms among the plurality of pesticide spectra, and a combined spectrum obtained by synthesizing them, and a pesticide spectrum included in the collective spectrum. Search parameters that can be individually determined are stored. Then, the search parameters (calculation method, target wave number region, search algorithm, etc.) are appropriately set between the measured spectrum detected by the analyzer 1 and the pesticide spectrum and aggregate spectrum stored in the search library 12. Set, perform correlation calculation, distinguish the pesticide spectrum and aggregate spectrum included in the measured spectrum individually, calculate the correlation coefficient between these pesticide spectrum and measured spectrum, and calculate the concentration of each pesticide is there. In this method using the search library 12, it is possible to identify the pesticide species and calculate the concentration of the pesticide stored in the search library 12, and to obtain a highly reliable measurement result.

  The search library 12 is preferably updated with an external storage medium or the like so that the agricultural chemical spectrum can be updated or a new agricultural chemical spectrum can be stored. Further, it is possible to previously input the search library 12 as an agrochemical that may drift the agricultural chemical sprayed inside and outside the field. The search library 12 itself is not limited to the one provided in the computer 10 as in this embodiment, and may be a portable storage medium in which the agrochemical spectrum is stored in an updatable manner. And when a new agrochemical spectrum is produced, the structure which updates the memory content of this storage medium and memorize | stores an agrochemical spectrum in the memory of the calculating part 11, etc. may be sufficient.

  In the present embodiment, the quantitative analysis method using the search library 12 is selected. However, a calibration curve method using peak intensity, a method of performing multi-component simultaneous quantification using a CLS (Classical Last Squares) calibration model, A method of simultaneous quantification from a peak intensity calibration curve is also possible.

  The calculation result by the calculation unit 11 is configured to be displayed on the display unit 13 provided in the computer 10. Specifically, the type, concentration, and concentration level of the pesticide detected by the analyzer 1 are displayed on the display unit 13. This concentration level is divided into a plurality of levels of the agricultural chemical, and it is determined which concentration level the measured concentration is worth and is displayed on the display unit 13. Furthermore, the computer 10 stores bookkeeping data such as time of measurement, outside air temperature, wind speed, wind direction, sprayed pesticide concentration, spraying amount, etc. according to the calculation result, so that the drift status over time at the time of spraying the pesticide is stored. The change can be seen, and the effect of preventing the recurrence of drift can be obtained as reference data for the next and subsequent spraying. The density level stored in the computer 10 in advance may be used, or the density level set by the density level setting means provided in the computer 10 or connected to the computer 10 may be used. Further, when the concentration level exceeds the set value, the alarm device 14 configured by a lamp (or a buzzer) connected to the computer 10 is operated to exceed the set value. When the drift of the pesticide is detected, the worker can be notified, and it is possible to take measures to stop the spraying work or change the spraying method.

<Detection method>
Using the analyzer 1, the computer 10, and the alarm device 14 configured as described above, the drift situation of the agricultural chemical application is detected. That is, it detects a drift in a region where it is not desired to spray the pesticide and predicts the concentration of the drifted pesticide. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, when a substantially rectangular spreading target field and a non-spreading target field are adjacent to each other with a basket interposed therebetween, to the non-spreading target field when the pesticide is sprayed on the spreading target field A method of detecting the drift of will be described.

  First, in the boundary area (畦) between the target field to which the agricultural chemical is sprayed and the non-spread target field, a support base is appropriately placed outside the end of the field, and the analysis apparatus 1 and the computer are arranged on the support base. 10 and the alarm device 14 are placed. And in the boundary area between the scatter target field and the scatter non-target field, the analyzer 1 and the optical apparatus so as to set a light path by taking a predetermined distance from the side adjacent to the scatter target field of the scatter non-target field, and A reflecting mirror 5 is installed. That is, the analysis device 1 is such that the straight line (optical path) connecting the analysis device 1 and the reflecting mirror 5 is substantially parallel to the non-scattering target field while taking a predetermined distance from the side X adjacent to the spraying target field. The light projecting direction of the light projecting unit is set, and the reflecting mirror 5 is appropriately disposed outside the non-spreading target field so as to receive the light projecting and fixed. However, it is necessary to appropriately set the inclination of the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror 5 so that the light paths of the incident light and the reflected light with respect to the reflecting mirror 5 coincide. Next, the analyzer 1 is operated before the agricultural chemicals are sprayed to create a reference spectrum as a background of the measurement spectrum so that it can be reflected in the creation of the measurement spectrum when the agricultural chemical is sprayed.

  Then, after the pesticide spraying is started, continuous monitoring is performed by the analyzer 1 or the like, and the temporal change in the measurement region such as the pesticide concentration calculated by the quantitative analysis method and its concentration level is observed. Here, when the detected pesticide concentration exceeds a preset value, a warning is received from the alarm device 14, and the spraying is stopped or the spraying amount is reduced, and at the same time, the drift from the detected pesticide concentration is detected. Predict the longevity of pesticides and pay attention when determining the crop harvesting time, etc., in a field that has drifted. Further, the measurement results, book data, etc. are stored in the storage device of the computer 10. In addition, by measuring after spraying agricultural chemicals, it is possible to detect the concentration of volatile agricultural chemicals from agricultural chemicals and to ensure that workers do not inhale or come into contact with them when they enter. It is also possible.

<Another Example>
Next, a method for installing an analysis device, a reflecting mirror, etc. in drift detection when the region where drift is not desired extends over two or more sides of the field to be spread will be described with reference to FIG. Suppose there is a field adjacent to the edge).

  First, similarly to the detection method, the analyzer 1, the computer 10, and the alarm device 14 are placed on a support stand, and the support stand is placed at an appropriate position between the application target field and the first application non-target field. It arrange | positions and determines the projection direction of the analyzer 1, and the installation position of the 1st reflective mirror 5a. Here, the installation angle of the first reflecting mirror 5a is not set yet. Next, the light projecting direction from the first reflecting mirror 5a to the second reflecting mirror 5b is determined. That is, the reflection direction from the first reflecting mirror 5a to the second reflecting mirror 5b is set so that the second non-spreading target field maintains a predetermined distance from the side Y adjacent to the spraying target field and is substantially parallel. It sets and determines the installation position of the 2nd reflective mirror 5b. Then, the light path of the incident light to the second reflecting mirror 5b of the reflected light, the angle of which is appropriately changed by the first reflecting mirror 5a, from the projection from the analyzer 1, and the second reflecting mirror 5b, Setting is made so that the optical paths of reflected light reflected and received by the analyzer 1 through the first reflecting mirror 5a coincide.

  In addition, when there are n non-target fields or areas that are not desired to be spread around the field to be sprayed, prepare n number of reflectors as described above. By installing and adjusting the reflection angle, it is possible to detect a drift with respect to each of n fields. However, the distance of the optical path from light projection to light reception of the analyzer 1 is limited to the case where the measurement range distance of the analyzer 1 does not exceed.

In this way, the drift from the field to which agricultural chemicals are sprayed to the field where agricultural chemicals are not desired to be applied and adhered can be immediately and appropriately detected by the analyzer 1 or the like. In addition, when drift occurs, the drifting pesticide concentration can be calculated, a step display according to the concentration level is performed, and if a concentration higher than the set value is detected, the alarm device 14 By operating the, the operator is notified and convenient measures are possible.
And by storing these measurement results in the computer 10 connected to the analyzer 1 together with book data such as weather conditions at the time of spraying, in order to prevent drift in the next and subsequent spraying of agricultural chemicals. It can be used as information.

  As described above, a predetermined optical path is set in a predetermined area near the agricultural chemical spraying field, infrared light is projected and received using the analyzer 1, and further, the computer 10 connected to the analyzer 1 Since the concentration of the pesticide in the air was measured by performing spectral analysis on the received light data, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of drift of the pesticide spraying by detecting the concentration in the air after spraying the pesticide. In addition, by using an optical analysis technique, the result can be immediately obtained, and it is possible to check the change with time on the monitor. In addition, since one or a plurality of reflecting mirrors 5 are provided in the predetermined optical path, it is possible to fix the light projecting unit at one place, and it is possible to set the measurement optical path depending on the installation location of the reflecting mirror. In addition, the optical path can be set longer by reciprocating, and the measurement result can be made reliable. Further, since the predetermined area is a boundary area between the agricultural chemical application target field and the agricultural chemical application non-target area, it is possible to accurately detect a drift from the application target field to the application non-application field. Moreover, since the alarm device 14 is provided as a means for notifying when the measured agricultural chemical concentration is equal to or higher than a set value, the operator can be alerted, and measures such as discontinuation of spraying or changing the spraying method are taken. be able to. In addition, since the measured pesticide concentration is determined so as to be displayed on the display unit 13 among the concentration levels divided into a plurality of stages, when drifting to a non-spreading target field, By presenting the pesticide consumption period according to the concentration level of drifting pesticides, it is possible to prevent losses that the harvested crops exceed the residue standard and cannot be shipped.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention. The perspective view which shows the drift detection method. The top view which shows another Example of the drift detection method.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Analyzer 5 Reflector 10 Computer 14 Alarm device

Claims (3)

In a predetermined region of the pesticide application target field near sets a predetermined light path, infrared light and light projecting and receiving and by spectral analysis of the light receiving data, characterized by measuring the concentration of pesticides in the air Pesticides In the spraying drift detection method, the pesticide spraying drift detection method sets an optical path at a predetermined distance on the ridge, which is a boundary region between the spraying target field and the non-spreading field of the pesticide, and the analyzing device (1 ) And one or a plurality of reflecting mirrors (5), and an optical path that is a straight line connecting the analyzer (1) and the one or a plurality of reflecting mirrors (5) The light projecting direction of the light projecting unit in the analyzer (1) is set so as to be substantially parallel to the wrinkles between the adjacent non-scattering target fields, and the incident light on the one or more reflecting mirrors (5) The one or more reflections so that the optical paths of the reflected light coincide. The inclination of the reflecting surface in (5) is set, and the analyzer (1) is a measuring instrument using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and the light source (2 in the analyzer (1)) ) Through the interferometer (3), infrared light is projected from the telescope (4), and the light reflected by the reflecting mirror (5) installed at a distant position is collected again by the telescope (4). A pesticide spraying drift detection method characterized by detecting the light collected and collected with a detector (6) . The pesticide spraying drift detection method according to claim 1, wherein when the measured pesticide concentration is equal to or higher than a set value, an alarm device (14) notifies the worker . The pesticide spray drift detection method according to claim 1, wherein the measured pesticide concentration is determined and displayed at a concentration level of a plurality of levels divided into a plurality of stages. Method.

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