JP4571441B2 - Developing roller and image forming apparatus having the same - Google Patents
Developing roller and image forming apparatus having the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4571441B2 JP4571441B2 JP2004172687A JP2004172687A JP4571441B2 JP 4571441 B2 JP4571441 B2 JP 4571441B2 JP 2004172687 A JP2004172687 A JP 2004172687A JP 2004172687 A JP2004172687 A JP 2004172687A JP 4571441 B2 JP4571441 B2 JP 4571441B2
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- Prior art keywords
- resin
- developing roller
- electron beam
- fluorine
- coating layer
- Prior art date
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- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- AYLRODJJLADBOB-QMMMGPOBSA-N methyl (2s)-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N=C=O)CCCCN=C=O AYLRODJJLADBOB-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylethylamine Chemical compound CCN(C)C DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Landscapes
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
本発明は、現像ローラ及び該現像ローラを備えた画像形成装置に関し、特に複写機、プリンタ等の電子写真装置や静電記録装置等の画像形成装置に用いられる現像ローラに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a developing roller and an image forming apparatus provided with the developing roller, and more particularly to a developing roller used in an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine and a printer, and an image forming apparatus such as an electrostatic recording apparatus.
複写機、プリンタ等の電子写真方式の画像形成装置においては、潜像を保持した感光ドラム等にトナーを供給し、感光ドラムの潜像に該トナーを付着させて潜像を可視化する現像方法として、加圧現像法が知られている。該加圧現像法においては、例えば、トナーを担持した現像ローラを、静電潜像を保持した感光ドラムに接触させて、トナーを感光ドラムの潜像に付着させることで現像を行う。そのため、上記現像ローラを、導電性を有する弾性体で形成する必要がある。また、感光ドラムと現像ローラ間に微小な間隙を設けてトナーを飛翔させたり、アパチャー電極を用いたトナージェット法等にもこのような導電性弾性ローラが用いられている。 In an electrophotographic image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer, as a developing method for visualizing a latent image by supplying toner to a photosensitive drum or the like holding a latent image and attaching the toner to the latent image on the photosensitive drum. A pressure development method is known. In the pressure development method, for example, development is performed by bringing a developing roller carrying toner into contact with a photosensitive drum holding an electrostatic latent image and attaching the toner to the latent image on the photosensitive drum. Therefore, it is necessary to form the developing roller with a conductive elastic body. Such a conductive elastic roller is also used in a toner jet method using an aperture electrode by providing a minute gap between the photosensitive drum and the developing roller to fly the toner.
上記加圧現像法において、現像ローラは、感光ドラムに密着した状態を確実に保持しながら回転しなければならないため、金属等の良導電性材料からなるシャフトの外周に、シリコーンゴム、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエンゴム(NBR)、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンゴム(EPDM)、エピクロロヒドリンゴム(ECO)、ポリウレタン等のエラストマーにカーボンブラックや金属粉を分散させた半導電性の弾性体やこれらを発泡させた発泡体からなる半導電性弾性層を形成した構造となっている。また、トナーに対する帯電性や付着性の制御、現像ローラの弾性層による感光ドラムの汚染防止等を目的として、上記弾性層の表面に、更に樹脂被覆層を形成する場合がある。 In the above pressure development method, the developing roller must rotate while securely holding the state in close contact with the photosensitive drum. Therefore, silicone rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene are placed on the outer periphery of the shaft made of a highly conductive material such as metal. Semiconductive elastic body in which carbon black or metal powder is dispersed in an elastomer such as rubber (NBR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), polyurethane or the like, and a foam obtained by foaming these. It has a structure in which a semiconductive elastic layer made of is formed. Further, a resin coating layer may be further formed on the surface of the elastic layer for the purpose of controlling the charging property and adhesion to the toner and preventing the photosensitive drum from being contaminated by the elastic layer of the developing roller.
従来、上記樹脂被覆層は、現像ローラを溶剤系若しくは水系の塗工液中にディップ又は該塗工液を現像ローラにスプレーした後に、熱又は熱風で乾燥硬化して形成されているが、この場合、長時間の乾燥が必要なため、量産には長い乾燥ラインが必要である。また、上記樹脂被覆層は、その用途から微妙な導電性及び表面状態が要求されるが、乾操ライン内の温度分布及び風量等のバラツキが樹脂被覆層の性能に大きく影響するため、品質上の問題があった。 Conventionally, the resin coating layer is formed by dipping the developing roller into a solvent-based or aqueous coating solution or spraying the coating solution onto the developing roller, followed by drying and curing with heat or hot air. In this case, since long time drying is required, a long drying line is necessary for mass production. In addition, the resin coating layer is required to have subtle electrical conductivity and surface condition depending on its use, but the quality distribution is affected by variations in temperature distribution and air volume in the drying line, which greatly affects the performance of the resin coating layer. There was a problem.
これに対し、長い乾燥ラインを必要とせず、安定した品質の樹脂被覆層を形成する手法として、現像ローラの弾性層の表面に紫外線硬化性化合物を塗布し、該化合物を硬化させて樹脂被覆層を形成する技術が提案されている(特許文献1参照)。 On the other hand, as a method for forming a resin coating layer having a stable quality without requiring a long drying line, an ultraviolet curable compound is applied to the surface of the elastic layer of the developing roller, and the compound is cured to form a resin coating layer. Has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、紫外線硬化性化合物を塗布し該化合物を紫外線硬化させて形成された樹脂被覆層は、未反応化合物を含むため、感光ドラムを汚染する可能性があった。特に、樹脂被覆層の電気抵抗を調整するためにカーボン系の電子導電剤を配合した場合、該カーボン系電子導電剤が紫外線を吸収するため、紫外線硬化性化合物が十分に硬化反応せず、未反応化合物が残存し易いという問題があった。また、紫外線硬化で形成した樹脂被覆層を弾性層の外周面に備えた現像ローラは、ローラ表面のトナー離型性が低いため、使用条件によってはローラ表面にトナーが積層しやすいという問題があった。そのため、かかる現像ローラが組み込まれた画像形成装置を長時間使用すると、現像ローラの表面にトナーフィルミングが発生あるいは表面抵抗が高くなり、画像不良を発生し易くなるという問題があった。 However, since the resin coating layer formed by applying an ultraviolet curable compound and curing the compound with ultraviolet rays contains an unreacted compound, the photosensitive drum may be contaminated. In particular, when a carbon-based electronic conductive agent is blended to adjust the electrical resistance of the resin coating layer, the carbon-based electronic conductive agent absorbs ultraviolet rays, so that the ultraviolet curable compound does not sufficiently undergo a curing reaction, There was a problem that the reaction compound easily remained. In addition, a developing roller provided with a resin coating layer formed by ultraviolet curing on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer has a problem that toner is easily laminated on the roller surface depending on the use conditions because the toner release property on the roller surface is low. It was. For this reason, when an image forming apparatus incorporating such a developing roller is used for a long time, there is a problem that toner filming occurs on the surface of the developing roller or the surface resistance increases, and image defects are likely to occur.
そこで、本発明の目的は、上記従来技術の問題を解決し、感光ドラムを汚染することが無く、長時間使用しても表面にトナーフィルミングの発生あるいは抵抗上昇が起こり難く、耐久性に優れた現像ローラを提供することにある。また、本発明の他の目的は、かかる現像ローラを備え、長期に渡って良好な画像を形成することが可能な画像形成装置を提供することにある。 Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, to prevent contamination of the photosensitive drum, to prevent toner filming on the surface or to increase resistance even when used for a long time, and to have excellent durability. Another object is to provide a developing roller. Another object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus provided with such a developing roller and capable of forming a good image over a long period of time.
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために鋭意検討した結果、弾性層の表面に樹脂被覆層を配設した現像ローラにおいて、該樹脂被覆層に非電子線硬化型のフッ素含有樹脂及び/又は化合物と電子線硬化型樹脂とを用いることで、未反応化合物の残存量を低減できると共に、ローラ表面のトナー付着性が低くなり、長期間使用してもローラ表面にトナーフィルミングの発生や抵抗上昇が起こり難くなることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that in a developing roller in which a resin coating layer is provided on the surface of the elastic layer, a non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing resin and / or Alternatively, by using the compound and the electron beam curable resin, the remaining amount of the unreacted compound can be reduced, and the toner adhesion on the roller surface is lowered. It has been found that resistance increases are unlikely to occur, and the present invention has been completed.
即ち、本発明の現像ローラは、シャフトと、該シャフトの外周に形成された弾性層と、該弾性層の外周面に形成された少なくとも一層の樹脂被覆層とを備えた現像ローラにおいて、前記樹脂被覆層が、分子量1,000あたり(メタ)アクリロイル基を0〜0.01未満含有する非電子線硬化型のフッ素含有共重合体樹脂と電子線により硬化された電子線硬化型樹脂とからなり、該非電子線硬化型のフッ素含有共重合体樹脂と電子線により重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有し且つフッ素を含まない樹脂及び/又は化合物とを含む塗工液を前記弾性層の外周面に塗布した後、電子線照射により前記電子線により重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有し且つフッ素を含まない樹脂及び/又は化合物を硬化させてなり、前記電子線により重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有し且つフッ素を含まない樹脂及び/又は化合物が、(メタ)アクリレートモノマー及び/又はオリゴマーであることを特徴とする。ここで、電子線硬化型樹脂は、電子線により重合可能な樹脂及び/又は化合物を電子線照射により硬化させたものである。また、本発明における樹脂被覆層を形成する非電子線硬化型共重合体樹脂とは、分子量1,000あたり電子線感受性の高い(メタ)アクリロイル基を0〜0.01未満含有する共重合体樹脂であり、0に近いほうが好ましい。また、電子線により重合可能な樹脂及び化合物とは、分子量1,000あたり電子線感受性の高い(メタ)アクリロイル基を0.01以上、好適には0.1以上含有する樹脂及びオリゴマー並びに1分子中に1個以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する(メタ)アクリレートである。 That is, the developing roller of the present invention includes a shaft, an elastic layer formed on the outer periphery of the shaft, and at least one resin coating layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer. coating layer is composed of a electron beam-curable resins cured by per molecular weight of 1,000 (meth) fluorine-containing copolymer of a non-electron beam-curable acryloyl group contains less than 0 to 0.01 polymer resin and an electron beam, the non-electronic A coating liquid containing a line-curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin and a resin and / or compound having a carbon-carbon double bond that can be polymerized by an electron beam and not containing fluorine is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer. After coating, a resin and / or compound having a carbon-carbon double bond that can be polymerized by the electron beam by electron beam irradiation and not containing fluorine is cured, and the carbon atoms that can be polymerized by the electron beam. Double connection Does not contain and fluorine has a resin and / or compound, characterized in that it is a (meth) acrylate monomer and / or oligomer. Here, the electron beam curable resin is obtained by curing a resin and / or compound polymerizable by an electron beam by electron beam irradiation. Also, a non-electron beam-curing copolymer resin to form a resin coating layer in the present invention, a high electron-sensitive per molecular weight of 1,000 (meth) acryloyl groups is a copolymer resin containing less than 0 and 0.01, A value close to 0 is preferable. Resins and compounds that can be polymerized by an electron beam include resins and oligomers containing (meth) acryloyl groups having a high electron beam sensitivity of 0.01 or more, preferably 0.1 or more per 1,000 molecular weight, and one or more in one molecule. It is a (meth) acrylate having a (meth) acryloyl group.
本発明の現像ローラの好適例においては、前記非電子線硬化型のフッ素含有共重合体樹脂が、フッ素含有(メタ)アクリレート系共重合体樹脂、フッ素含有オレフィン系共重合体樹脂、フッ素含有エーテル系共重合体樹脂、フッ素含有エステル系共重合体樹脂、フッ素含有エポキシ系共重合体樹脂、フッ素含有ウレタン系共重合体樹脂である。 In a preferred example of the developing roller of the present invention, the non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin is a fluorine-containing (meth) acrylate copolymer resin , a fluorine-containing olefin copolymer resin , or a fluorine-containing ether. Copolymer resin , fluorine-containing ester copolymer resin , fluorine-containing epoxy copolymer resin , and fluorine-containing urethane copolymer resin .
本発明の現像ローラにおいては、前記電子線硬化型樹脂は、フッ素を含まない電子線硬化型樹脂である。 In the developing roller of the present invention, the electron beam curing resin, an electron beam-curable resin containing no fluorine.
本発明の現像ローラの他の好適例においては、前記樹脂被覆層がカーボン系電子導電剤を含有する。電子線は、カーボン系電子導電剤に吸収され難いため、樹脂被覆層の電気抵抗の調整にカーボン系電子導電剤を用いても、未反応化合物の残存量を十分に抑制することができる。 In another preferred embodiment of the developing roller of the present invention, the resin coating layer contains a carbon-based electronic conductive agent. Since the electron beam is difficult to be absorbed by the carbon-based electron conductive agent, the remaining amount of the unreacted compound can be sufficiently suppressed even if the carbon-based electron conductive agent is used for adjusting the electric resistance of the resin coating layer.
本発明の現像ローラの他の好適例においては、前記樹脂被覆層の厚さが1〜500μmである。電子線は、樹脂被覆層の深部まで到達するため、樹脂被覆層が厚くても、未反応化合物の残存量を十分に抑制することができる。 In another preferred embodiment of the developing roller of the present invention, the resin coating layer has a thickness of 1 to 500 μm. Since the electron beam reaches the deep part of the resin coating layer, the remaining amount of the unreacted compound can be sufficiently suppressed even if the resin coating layer is thick.
また、本発明の画像形成装置は、少なくとも現像ローラを備え、該現像ローラが上記現像ローラであることを特徴とする。 The image forming apparatus of the present invention includes at least a developing roller, and the developing roller is the developing roller.
本発明によれば、弾性層の表面に樹脂被覆層が配設された現像ローラにおいて、該樹脂被覆層に非電子線硬化型フッ素含有樹脂及び/又は化合物と電子線硬化型樹脂とを用いることで、感光ドラムを汚染することが無く、ローラ表面のトナー付着が少なく、長期間使用してもトナーフィルミングや抵抗上昇が起こり難く、耐久性に優れた現像ローラを提供することができる。また、かかる現像ローラを備え、長期に渡って良好な画像を形成することが可能な画像形成装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, in the developing roller having a resin coating layer disposed on the surface of the elastic layer, a non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing resin and / or compound and an electron beam curable resin are used for the resin coating layer. Therefore, it is possible to provide a developing roller that does not contaminate the photosensitive drum, has little toner adhesion on the roller surface, hardly undergoes toner filming and resistance increase even when used for a long period of time, and has excellent durability. Further, it is possible to provide an image forming apparatus including such a developing roller and capable of forming a good image over a long period of time.
以下に、本発明の現像ローラを、図を参照しながら詳細に説明する。図1は、本発明の現像ローラの一例の断面図である。図示例の現像ローラ1は、シャフト2と、該シャフト2の外周に形成された弾性層3と、該弾性層3の外周面に形成された樹脂被覆層4とを備える。図中、樹脂被覆層4は一層よりなるが、本発明の現像ローラの樹脂被覆層4は、二層以上から構成されていてもよい。
Hereinafter, the developing roller of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of the developing roller of the present invention. The developing roller 1 in the illustrated example includes a shaft 2, an
本発明の現像ローラ1においては、電子線照射により樹脂被覆層4を形成するため、電子線の照射量を適正化することにより、未反応化合物の残留を防止することができる。また、電子線の加速電圧を制御して、樹脂被覆層4の架橋密度を調整することもできる。更に、電子線はカーボン系電子導電剤に吸収され難いため、樹脂被覆層4にカーボン系電子導電剤を用いた場合でも、電子線照射によって電子線硬化型樹脂を十分に生成させることができ、未反応化合物の残留を防止することができる。
In the developing roller 1 of the present invention, since the
また、本発明の現像ローラ1においては、樹脂被覆層4が非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂と電子線硬化型樹脂とからなり、該非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂の表面エネルギーが小さいため、表面のトナー付着が少なく、長期間使用してもトナーフィルミングや抵抗上昇が起こり難く、耐久性に優れる。なお、通常、フッ素含有樹脂及び/又は化合物は、弾性層3との相溶性が悪く、弾性層3との接着性が一般的な樹脂よりも劣るが、本発明の現像ローラの樹脂被覆層4においては、非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂の表面エネルギーが、通常の電子線硬化型樹脂の表面エネルギーよりも小さいため、樹脂被覆層4の表面側(即ち、弾性層3に接しない側)に非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂が偏在する傾向があり、その結果として、樹脂被覆層4の弾性層3に接する側の非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂の含有率が低下して、樹脂被覆層4と弾性層3との接着性が向上する。また、非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂が樹脂被覆層4の表面側に偏在する結果として、樹脂被覆層4のトナーとの離型性が向上する。更に、樹脂被覆層4中の非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂の含有率を減らしても、非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂が樹脂被覆層4の表面側に偏在するため、樹脂被覆層4のトナーとの離型性を十分に維持することができると共に、樹脂被覆層4と弾性層3との接着性を向上させつつ、高価なフッ素含有共重合体樹脂の含有率を低減することも可能である。
Further, in the developing roller 1 of the present invention, the
本発明の現像ローラのシャフトとしては、良好な導電性を有する限り特に制限はなく、例えば、鉄、ステンレススチール、アルミニウム等の金属製の中実体からなる芯金や、内部を中空にくりぬいた金属製円筒体等の金属製シャフトを用いることができる。 The shaft of the developing roller of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has good conductivity. For example, a metal core made of a solid metal such as iron, stainless steel, or aluminum, or a metal hollowed inside A metal shaft such as a cylindrical body can be used.
本発明の現像ローラの弾性層は、エラストマーと導電剤とを含み、必要に応じて充填剤等の他の成分を含む。該弾性層に用いるエラストマーとしては、シリコーンゴム、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンゴム(EPDM)、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエンゴム(NBR)、天然ゴム、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ブチルゴム、クロロプレンゴム、アクリルゴム、エピクロロヒドリンゴム(ECO)、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)、ポリウレタン及びこれらの混合物等が挙げられ、これらの中でも、シリコーンゴム、EPDM、ECO及びポリウレタンが好ましい。上記弾性層には、上記エラストマーを発泡剤を用いて化学的に発泡させたり、ポリウレタンフォームのように空気を機械的に巻き込んで発泡させる等して、上記エラストマーを発泡体として用いてもよい。 The elastic layer of the developing roller of the present invention contains an elastomer and a conductive agent, and optionally contains other components such as a filler. Examples of the elastomer used for the elastic layer include silicone rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butyl rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, and epichloro. Examples include hydrin rubber (ECO), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyurethane, and mixtures thereof. Among these, silicone rubber, EPDM, ECO, and polyurethane are preferable. In the elastic layer, the elastomer may be used as a foam by chemically foaming the elastomer using a foaming agent, or mechanically entraining and foaming air like a polyurethane foam.
上記シャフトと弾性層とは、反応射出成形法(RIM成形法)を用いて一体化してもよい。即ち、弾性層の原料成分を構成する2種のモノマー成分を筒状型内に混合射出し、重合反応させて、シャフトと弾性層とを一体化することができる。これにより原料の注入から脱型までの所要時間を短縮し、生産コストを大幅に削減することができる。 The shaft and the elastic layer may be integrated using a reaction injection molding method (RIM molding method). That is, it is possible to integrate the shaft and the elastic layer by mixing and injecting two kinds of monomer components constituting the raw material component of the elastic layer into a cylindrical mold and performing a polymerization reaction. As a result, the time required from injection of raw materials to demolding can be shortened, and production costs can be greatly reduced.
また、弾性層にシリコーンゴムを用いる場合、該シリコーンゴムは、一般的なミラブル型シリコーンゴム(HCR)でも液状シリコーンゴム(LSR)でもよい。なお、液状シリコーンゴムを用いる場合、液状射出成形(LIM:Liquid injection Molding)で弾性層を形成するのが好ましい。上記液状シリコーンゴムは、ビニル基含有ポリオルガノシロキサンに対して、オルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、シリカ等の補強性充填剤、導電剤、白金系触媒、反応抑制剤、シリコーンオイル、その他各種添加剤を配合してなり、所定の形状のモールドに注入された後、加熱硬化によって成形される。 When silicone rubber is used for the elastic layer, the silicone rubber may be general millable silicone rubber (HCR) or liquid silicone rubber (LSR). In addition, when using liquid silicone rubber, it is preferable to form an elastic layer by liquid injection molding (LIM: Liquid injection Molding). The above liquid silicone rubber contains vinyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane with organohydrogenpolysiloxane, reinforcing filler such as silica, conductive agent, platinum-based catalyst, reaction inhibitor, silicone oil, and other various additives. After being injected into a mold having a predetermined shape, it is molded by heat curing.
上記ビニル基含有ポリオルガノシロキサンは、分子中に2個以上の反応基を有し、該反応基としてはアルケニル基及び水酸基が挙げられる。該ビニル基含有ポリオルガノシロキサンとしては、下記式(I):
(式中、R1は、それぞれ独立して一価の炭化水素基であり、nは100〜10,000の整数である)で表される化合物が好ましい。ここで、R1における、一価の炭化水素基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基及びペンチル基等のアルキル基、ビニル基及びアリル基等のアルケニル基、シクロヘキシル基等のシクロアルキル基、フェニル基等のアリール基、ベンジル基等のアラルキル基等が挙げられる。
The vinyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane has two or more reactive groups in the molecule, and examples of the reactive group include an alkenyl group and a hydroxyl group. As the vinyl group-containing polyorganosiloxane, the following formula (I):
In the formula, R 1 is each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and n is an integer of 100 to 10,000. Here, the monovalent hydrocarbon group in R 1 includes an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group and a pentyl group, an alkenyl group such as a vinyl group and an allyl group, and a cyclohexyl group such as a cyclohexyl group. Examples include alkyl groups, aryl groups such as phenyl groups, and aralkyl groups such as benzyl groups.
また、上記オルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサンとしては、下記式(II):
(式中、R2は、それぞれ独立して水素又は一価の炭化水素基であり、mは10〜1,000の整数である)で表され、分子中に2個以上のケイ素−水素結合を有する化合物が好ましい。ここで、R2における、一価の炭化水素基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基及びペンチル基等のアルキル基、ビニル基及びアリル基等のアルケニル基、シクロヘキシル基等のシクロアルキル基、フェニル基等のアリール基、ベンジル基等のアラルキル基等が挙げられる。
Examples of the organohydrogenpolysiloxane include the following formula (II):
(Wherein R 2 is each independently hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, m is an integer of 10 to 1,000), and has two or more silicon-hydrogen bonds in the molecule. Compounds are preferred. Here, the monovalent hydrocarbon group in R 2 includes alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group and pentyl group, alkenyl groups such as vinyl group and allyl group, and cyclohexane such as cyclohexyl group. Examples include alkyl groups, aryl groups such as phenyl groups, and aralkyl groups such as benzyl groups.
また、液状シリコーンゴムに含まれる導電剤としては、後述する弾性層に一般に用いられる導電剤を使用することができ、白金系触媒としては、塩化第二白金、塩化白金酸、アルコール変性塩化白金酸等が挙げられ、反応抑制剤としては、メチルビニルシクロテトラシロキサン、アセチレンアルコール類、シロキサン変性アセチレンアルコール、ハイドロパーオキサイト等が挙げられる。 In addition, as a conductive agent contained in the liquid silicone rubber, a conductive agent generally used for an elastic layer to be described later can be used. As a platinum-based catalyst, platinous chloride, chloroplatinic acid, alcohol-modified chloroplatinic acid can be used. Examples of the reaction inhibitor include methylvinylcyclotetrasiloxane, acetylene alcohols, siloxane-modified acetylene alcohol, hydroperoxide and the like.
上記弾性層に用いる導電剤としては、電子導電剤、イオン導電剤等が挙げられる。電子導電剤としては、ケッチェンブラック、アセチレンブラック等の導電性カーボン、SAF、ISAF、HAF、FEF、GPF、SRF、FT、MT等のゴム用カーボンブラック、酸化処理等を施したカラー用カーボンブラック、熱分解カーボンブラック、天然グラファイト、人造グラファイト、アンチモンドープ酸化スズ、ITO、酸化スズ、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛等の金属酸化物、ニッケル、銅、銀、ゲルマニウム等の金属、ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、ポリアセチレン等の導電性ポリマー、カーボンウィスカー、黒鉛ウィスカー、炭化チタンウィスカー、導電性チタン酸カリウムウィスカー、導電性チタン酸バリウムウィスカー、導電性酸化チタンウィスカー、導電性酸化亜鉛ウィスカー等の導電性ウィスカー等が挙げられる。上記電子導電剤の配合量は、上記エラストマー100質量部に対して1〜50質量部の範囲が好ましく、5〜40質量部の範囲が更に好ましい。 Examples of the conductive agent used for the elastic layer include an electronic conductive agent and an ionic conductive agent. Electronic conductive agents include conductive carbon such as ketjen black and acetylene black, carbon black for rubber such as SAF, ISAF, HAF, FEF, GPF, SRF, FT and MT, and carbon black for color subjected to oxidation treatment. , Pyrolytic carbon black, natural graphite, artificial graphite, antimony-doped tin oxide, ITO, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide and other metal oxides, nickel, copper, silver, germanium and other metals, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, etc. Conductive whiskers such as conductive polymer, carbon whisker, graphite whisker, titanium carbide whisker, conductive potassium titanate whisker, conductive barium titanate whisker, conductive titanium oxide whisker, and conductive zinc oxide whisker. The blending amount of the electronic conductive agent is preferably in the range of 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 5 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer.
また、上記イオン導電剤としては、テトラエチルアンモニウム、テトラブチルアンモニウム、ドデシルトリメチルアンモニウム、ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウム、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム、変性脂肪酸ジメチルエチルアンモニウム等の過塩素酸塩、塩素酸塩、塩酸塩、臭素酸塩、ヨウ素酸塩、ホウフッ化水素酸塩、硫酸塩、エチル硫酸塩、カルボン酸塩、スルホン酸塩等のアンモニウム塩;リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム等のアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属の過塩素酸塩、塩素酸塩、塩酸塩、臭素酸塩、ヨウ素酸塩、ホウフッ化水素酸塩、硫酸塩、トリフルオロメチル硫酸塩、スルホン酸塩等が挙げられる。上記イオン導電剤の配合量は、上記エラストマー100質量部に対して0.01〜10質量部の範囲が好ましく、0.05〜5質量部の範囲が更に好ましい。上記導電剤は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよく、電子導電剤とイオン導電剤とを組み合わせてもよい。 Examples of the ionic conductive agent include tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, dodecyltrimethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, modified fatty acid dimethylethylammonium, perchlorate, chlorate, hydrochloride, bromate, and the like. Ammonium salts such as salts, iodates, borofluorides, sulfates, ethyl sulfates, carboxylates, sulfonates; alkaline metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, alkaline earth metals Examples include perchlorate, chlorate, hydrochloride, bromate, iodate, borofluoride, sulfate, trifluoromethyl sulfate, and sulfonate. The compounding amount of the ionic conductive agent is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer. The said electrically conductive agent may be used individually by 1 type, may be used in combination of 2 or more type, and may combine an electronic conductive agent and an ionic conductive agent.
上記弾性層は、上記導電剤の配合により、その抵抗値を103〜1010Ωcmとすることが好ましく、104〜108Ωcmとすることが更に好ましい。弾性層の抵抗値が103Ωcm未満では、電荷が感光ドラム等にリークしたり、電圧により現像ローラ自体が破壊する場合があり、1010Ωcmを超えると、地かぶりが発生しやすくなる。 The elastic layer preferably has a resistance value of 10 3 to 10 10 Ωcm, more preferably 10 4 to 10 8 Ωcm, depending on the blending of the conductive agent. If the resistance value of the elastic layer is less than 10 3 Ωcm, the charge may leak to the photosensitive drum or the like, and the developing roller itself may be damaged by the voltage. If the resistance value exceeds 10 10 Ωcm, fogging tends to occur.
上記弾性層は、必要に応じて上記エラストマーをゴム状物質とするために、有機過酸化物等の架橋剤、硫黄等の加硫剤を含有してもよく、更に加硫助剤、加硫促進剤、加硫促進助剤、加硫遅延剤等を含有してもよい。また、上記弾性層は、更に、充填剤、しゃく解剤、発泡剤、可塑剤、軟化剤、粘着付与剤、粘着防止剤、分離剤、離型剤、増量剤、着色剤等のゴム用配合剤を含有してもよい。 The elastic layer may contain a crosslinking agent such as an organic peroxide and a vulcanizing agent such as sulfur in order to make the elastomer into a rubbery material, if necessary. Accelerators, vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization retarders, and the like may be included. In addition, the elastic layer further comprises a rubber compounding agent such as a filler, a peptizer, a foaming agent, a plasticizer, a softener, a tackifier, an anti-tacking agent, a separating agent, a release agent, a bulking agent, and a coloring agent. An agent may be contained.
ポリウレタン又はEPDMを基材として上記弾性層を形成する場合、表面上のトナー帯電量をコントロールするために、ニグロシン、トリアミノフェニルメタン、カチオン染料等の各種荷電制御剤、シリコーン樹脂、シリコーンゴム、ナイロン等の微粉体を添加してもよい。ここで、上記荷電制御剤の添加量は、上記ポリウレタン又はEPDM 100質量部に対して1〜5質量部の範囲が好ましく、上記微粉体の添加量は、上記ポリウレタン又はEPDM 100質量部に対して1〜10質量部の範囲が好ましい。 When forming the elastic layer using polyurethane or EPDM as a base material, various charge control agents such as nigrosine, triaminophenylmethane, and cationic dyes, silicone resin, silicone rubber, nylon are used to control the toner charge amount on the surface. A fine powder such as may be added. Here, the addition amount of the charge control agent is preferably in the range of 1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyurethane or EPDM, and the addition amount of the fine powder is relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyurethane or EPDM. A range of 1 to 10 parts by mass is preferred.
上記弾性層の硬度は、特に限定されるものではないが、アスカーC硬度で80度以下であるのが好ましく、20〜70度であるのが更に好ましい。弾性層のアスカーC硬度が80度を超えると、現像ローラと感光ドラム等との接触面積が小さくなり、良好な現像が行えなくなるおそれがあり、また、トナーに損傷を与え感光ドラムや成層ブレードヘのトナー固着等が発生して画像不良が起こり易い。一方、弾性層が低硬度過ぎると、感光ドラムや成層ブレードとの摩擦力が大きくなり、ジッター等の画像不良が発生するおそれがある。上記弾性層は、感光ドラムや成層ブレード等に当接して使用されるため、硬度を低硬度に設定する場合でも、圧縮永久歪をなるべく小さくすることが好ましく、具体的には20%以下とすることが好ましい。 The hardness of the elastic layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80 degrees or less in terms of Asker C hardness, and more preferably 20 to 70 degrees. When the Asker C hardness of the elastic layer exceeds 80 degrees, the contact area between the developing roller and the photosensitive drum becomes small, and there is a risk that good development cannot be performed. Toner sticking or the like occurs and image defects are likely to occur. On the other hand, if the elastic layer is too low in hardness, the frictional force with the photosensitive drum or the stratified blade increases, which may cause image defects such as jitter. Since the elastic layer is used in contact with a photosensitive drum, a stratified blade or the like, even when the hardness is set to a low hardness, it is preferable to make the compression set as small as possible, specifically 20% or less. It is preferable.
上記弾性層の表面粗さは、特に限定されるものではないが、JIS 10点平均粗さ(Rz)が30μm以下であるのが好ましく、1〜20μmであるのが更に好ましい。弾性層の表面粗さ(Rz)が30μmを超えると、トナー層の層厚や帯電の均一性が損なわれる場合があり、30μm以下とすることにより、トナーの付着性を向上させることができ、また、長期使用時におけるローラの摩耗による画像劣化をより確実に防止することができる。なお、適切な表面粗さを得るために、ローラ表面を研摩してもよいが、研摩工程を設けるとローラの生産性が悪くなり、製造コストが上昇する。そのため、弾性層の成形用のモールド表面を適度に粗面化し、成形される弾性層の表面にモールド表面の粗面を転写させて上記の表面粗さとすることが好ましい。 The surface roughness of the elastic layer is not particularly limited, but the JIS 10-point average roughness (Rz) is preferably 30 μm or less, and more preferably 1 to 20 μm. When the surface roughness (Rz) of the elastic layer exceeds 30 μm, the layer thickness of the toner layer and the uniformity of charging may be impaired. By setting the surface roughness to 30 μm or less, toner adhesion can be improved. In addition, it is possible to more reliably prevent image deterioration due to roller wear during long-term use. In order to obtain an appropriate surface roughness, the roller surface may be polished. However, if a polishing step is provided, the productivity of the roller is deteriorated and the manufacturing cost is increased. Therefore, it is preferable that the mold surface for molding the elastic layer is appropriately roughened, and the rough surface of the mold surface is transferred to the surface of the elastic layer to be molded to obtain the above surface roughness.
本発明の現像ローラの樹脂被覆層は、非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂と電子線により硬化された電子線硬化型樹脂とからなる。該樹脂被覆層は、非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂と電子線により重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有し且つフッ素を含まない樹脂及び/又は化合物とを含む塗工液を弾性層の外表面に塗布した後、電子線照射して、電子線により重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有し且つフッ素を含まない樹脂及び/又は化合物を硬化させて形成される。一般に、弾性層の外表面に樹脂被覆層を設けることで、抵抗値を調整したり、トナー帯電量及びトナー搬送量を制御したり、現像ローラと成層ブレードとの摩擦力を制御することができるが、樹脂被覆層が非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂と電子線硬化型樹脂とからなることで、樹脂被覆層のトナー付着を大幅に低減して、現像ローラの耐久性を大幅に向上させることができる。ここで、上記塗工液は、反応性希釈剤、導電剤を含むのが好ましく、その他、必要に応じて公知の添加剤を含んでもよく、また、溶剤を含まないのが好ましい。なお、塗工液を弾性層の表面に塗布する方法としては、スプレー法、ロールコーター法、ディッピング法、ダイコート法等が挙げられる。また、電子線照射の条件は、電子線硬化型樹脂の種類や塗布量に応じて適宜選択される。 Resin coating layer of the developing roller of the present invention is formed of a non-electron beam-curing the fluorine-containing copolymer resin and electron beam-curable resins cured by electron beam. The resin coating layer comprises a coating liquid containing a non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin and a resin and / or compound having a double bond between carbon atoms that can be polymerized by an electron beam and not containing fluorine. After coating on the outer surface of the elastic layer, the resin and / or compound having a carbon-carbon double bond polymerizable by the electron beam and not containing fluorine are cured by electron beam irradiation. In general, by providing a resin coating layer on the outer surface of the elastic layer, the resistance value can be adjusted, the toner charge amount and the toner conveyance amount can be controlled, and the frictional force between the developing roller and the stratified blade can be controlled. but by the resin coating layer is made of a non-electron beam-curing the fluorine-containing copolymer resin and electron beam-curable resin, the toner adhesion of the resin coating layer is greatly reduced, greatly durability of the developing roller Can be improved. Here, the coating liquid preferably contains a reactive diluent and a conductive agent, and may contain a known additive as required, and preferably does not contain a solvent. Examples of a method for applying the coating liquid to the surface of the elastic layer include a spray method, a roll coater method, a dipping method, and a die coating method. Moreover, the conditions of electron beam irradiation are suitably selected according to the kind and application amount of electron beam curable resin.
上記樹脂被覆層において、非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂と電子線硬化型樹脂との割合は、非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂100質量部に対して電子線硬化型樹脂が10〜10000質量部の範囲が好ましく、30〜5000質量部の範囲が更に好ましい。非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂100質量部に対する電子線硬化型樹脂の配合量が10質量部未満では、電子線硬化による架橋度が不足し、塗膜強度が低くなる場合があり、10000質量部を超えると、フッ素の含有量が低下し目的の性能が発揮されない。 In the resin coating layer, the ratio of the non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin and the electron beam curable resin is such that the electron beam curable resin is 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin. Is preferably in the range of 10 to 10,000 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 30 to 5000 parts by mass. When the blending amount of the electron beam curable resin with respect to 100 parts by mass of the non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin is less than 10 parts by mass, the degree of crosslinking due to electron beam curing may be insufficient, and the coating strength may be reduced. If it exceeds 10000 parts by mass, the fluorine content decreases and the intended performance is not exhibited.
上記樹脂被覆層中のフッ素含有率は、0.1〜45質量%の範囲が好ましく、0.5〜20質量%の範囲が更に好ましい。樹脂被覆層中のフッ素含有率が0.1質量%未満では、トナー付着に対し充分な性能が発揮されない場合があり、45質量%を超えると、弾性層あるいは下層との密着性が低下する。 The fluorine content in the resin coating layer is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 45% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20% by mass. When the fluorine content in the resin coating layer is less than 0.1% by mass, sufficient performance for toner adhesion may not be exhibited. When it exceeds 45% by mass, the adhesion to the elastic layer or the lower layer is lowered.
上記樹脂被覆層に用いる非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂としては、塗工液に分散又は溶解するものが好ましく、フッ素含有(メタ)アクリレート系共重合体樹脂、フッ素含有オレフィン系共重合体樹脂、フッ素含有エーテル系共重合体樹脂、フッ素含有エステル系共重合体樹脂、フッ素含有エポキシ系共重合体樹脂、フッ素含有ウレタン系共重合体樹脂が挙げられる。該非電子線硬化型のフッ素含有共重合体樹脂は、一種単独で用いてもよいし、二種以上を混合して用いてもよい。ここで、該非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂のフッ素含有率は、2〜80質量%の範囲が好ましく、2〜70質量%の範囲が更に好ましい。非電子線硬化型フッ素含有共重合体樹脂のフッ素含有率が2質量%未満では、フッ素の効果が不十分であり、80質量%を超えると、相溶性および分散性が問題である。 The non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin used for the resin coating layer is preferably one that is dispersed or dissolved in a coating solution, such as a fluorine-containing (meth) acrylate copolymer resin , a fluorine-containing olefin copolymer. Examples include coalesced resins , fluorine-containing ether-based copolymer resins , fluorine-containing ester-based copolymer resins , fluorine-containing epoxy-based copolymer resins , and fluorine-containing urethane-based copolymer resins . The non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Here, the fluorine content of the non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin is preferably in the range of 2 to 80% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 2 to 70% by mass. When the fluorine content of the non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin is less than 2% by mass, the effect of fluorine is insufficient, and when it exceeds 80% by mass, compatibility and dispersibility are problems.
上記非電子線硬化型のフッ素含有(メタ)アクリレート系共重合体樹脂としては、(メタ)アクリル酸のパーフルオロアルキルエステル及び部分フッ素化アルキルエステル、並びにパーフルオロアルキル基又は部分フッ素化アルキル基が有機連結基を介して連結された(メタ)アクリル酸エステル等のフッ素含有(メタ)アクリレートと、(メタ)アクリル酸のメチル、エチル、ブチル、オクチル、ドデシル等のアルキルエステル;ヒドロキシエチル、ヒドロキシブチル等のヒドロキシアルキルエステル;グリシジルエステル等のフッ素を含まない(メタ)アクリレートとの共重合体等が挙げられる。該共重合体には、更に、ポリシロキサン基含有(メタ)アクリレートを少量共重合させてもよい。ここで、フッ素含有(メタ)アクリレート中のパーフルオロアルキル基又は部分フッ素化アルキル基の炭素数は、1〜20の範囲が好ましい。また、上記フッ素含有(メタ)アクリレートとしては、下記式(III):
上記フッ素含有(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂は、分子中に架橋反応可能な官能基を有していてもよく、該架橋反応可能な官能基としては、水酸基、チオール基、カルボキシル基、アミノ基、イソシアネート基、アジリジニル基、グリシジル基、アルコキシシリル基、シラノール基、シクロカーボネート基、酸無水物基、ビニル基、エノールエーテル基、チオエーテル基、活性エステル基、アセトアセテート基、金属塩、金属酸化物及びこれら官能基を各種ブロック化剤でブロック化したもの等が挙げられる。これら架橋反応可能な官能基と反応する化合物としては、分子中に2つ以上の反応性官能基を有する反応性多官能化合物を用いることができ、該反応性官能基としては、上述の架橋反応可能な官能基と同様の官能基が挙げられる。上記反応性多官能化合物としては、工業的有用性の観点から、有機エポキシ化合物及び有機ポリイソシアネート化合物が好ましい。 The fluorine-containing (meth) acrylate-based resin may have a functional group capable of crosslinking reaction in the molecule, and examples of the functional group capable of crosslinking reaction include a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and an isocyanate. Group, aziridinyl group, glycidyl group, alkoxysilyl group, silanol group, cyclocarbonate group, acid anhydride group, vinyl group, enol ether group, thioether group, active ester group, acetoacetate group, metal salt, metal oxide and these Examples include functional groups blocked with various blocking agents. As the compound that reacts with the functional group capable of crosslinking reaction, a reactive polyfunctional compound having two or more reactive functional groups in the molecule can be used, and the reactive functional group includes the above-described crosslinking reaction. The same functional groups as possible functional groups can be mentioned. As said reactive polyfunctional compound, an organic epoxy compound and an organic polyisocyanate compound are preferable from a viewpoint of industrial usefulness.
上記有機エポキシ化合物としては、グリシジル基を2個以上有する化合物が挙げられ、具体的には、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル、ジグリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル、ソルビトールポリグリシジルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ネオペンチルグリコールジグリシジルエーテル、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセリンポリグリシジルエーテル、ジグリセリンポリグリシジルエーテル、トリメチロールプロパンポリグリシジルエーテル、スピログリコールジグリシジルエーテル、各種エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。 Examples of the organic epoxy compound include compounds having two or more glycidyl groups, and specifically include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether, diglycerol polyglycidyl ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl. Ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin polyglycidyl ether, diglycerin polyglycidyl ether, tri Methylolpropane polyglycidyl ether, spiroglycol diglycidyl ether, various Carboxymethyl resins.
また、上記有機ポリイソシアネート化合物として、具体的には、2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート、2,6-トリレンジイソシアネート、m-フェニレンジイソシアネート、p-フェニレンジイソシアネート、4,4'-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、2,4'-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、2,2'-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、3,3'-ジメチル-4,4'-ビフェニレンジイソシアネート、3,3'-ジメトキシ-4,4'-フェニレンジイソシアネート、3,3'-ジクロロ-4,4'-ビフェニレンジイソシアネート、1,5-ナフタレンジイソシアネート、1,5-テトラヒドロナフタレンジイソシアネート、テトラメチレンジイソシアネート、1,6-ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、ドデカメチレンジイソシアネート、トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、1,3-シクロヘキシレンジイソシアネート、1,4-シクロヘキシレンジイソシアネート、キシリレンジイソシアネート、テトラメチルキシリレンジイソシアネート、水素添加キシリレンジイソシアネート、リジンジイソシアネート、イソホロンジイソシアネート、4,4'-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート、3,3'-ジメチル-4,4'-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート等及びこれらの2量体、3量体、並びにこれら化合物のイソシアネート基をフェノール類、オキシム類、アルコール類、活性メチレン類、メルカプタン類、酸アミド類、イミド類、アミン類、イミダゾール類、尿素類、カルバミン酸塩類、イミン類若しくは亜硫酸塩類で部分的にブロック化されたポリイソシアネート等が挙げられる。 Specific examples of the organic polyisocyanate compound include 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2, 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-biphenylene diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-phenylene diisocyanate, 3,3'-dichloro -4,4'-biphenylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, 1,5-tetrahydronaphthalene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate 1,3-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 3, , 3′-dimethyl-4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and the like, dimers and trimers thereof, and isocyanate groups of these compounds are converted to phenols, oximes, alcohols, active methylenes, mercaptans, acids And polyisocyanates partially blocked with amides, imides, amines, imidazoles, ureas, carbamates, imines or sulfites.
また、上記非電子線硬化型のフッ素含有オレフィン系共重合体樹脂として、具体的には、フッ化ビニリデン−テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、エチレン−テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン三元共重合体、テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニルエーテル−テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体等が挙げられる。該フッ素含有ポリオレフィン系共重合体樹脂は、フッ化ビニル、フッ化ビニリデン、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、フッ化ビニルエーテル等のフッ素含有オレフィン系モノマーを共重合して得られる。 Further, as the non-electron beam-curable fluorine-containing olefin copolymer resin, specifically, vinylidene fluoride - tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene - tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride - tetrafluoroethylene Examples thereof include an ethylene-hexafluoropropylene terpolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and a fluorinated vinyl ether-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. The fluorine-containing polyolefin copolymer resin is obtained by copolymerizing fluorine-containing olefin monomers such as vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinyl fluoride ether.
一方、上記樹脂被覆層に用いる電子線硬化型樹脂としては、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂、フッ素樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、アミノ樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、アクリルウレタン樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、尿素樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、ビニルエーテル系樹脂、ビニルエステル系樹脂及びこれら樹脂に特定の官能基を導入した変性樹脂等が挙げられ、これら樹脂は、1種単独でも、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。また、上記樹脂被覆層には、力学的強度、耐環境特性を改善するために架橋構造を導入することが好ましい。 On the other hand, as the electron beam curable resin used for the resin coating layer, polyester resin, polyether resin, fluorine resin, epoxy resin, amino resin, polyamide resin, acrylic resin, acrylic urethane resin, urethane resin, alkyd resin, phenol resin Melamine resin, urea resin, silicone resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, vinyl ether resin, vinyl ester resin, and modified resins having a specific functional group introduced into these resins. You may mix and use a seed | species or more. Moreover, it is preferable to introduce a crosslinked structure into the resin coating layer in order to improve mechanical strength and environmental resistance.
上記電子線硬化型樹脂は、電子線により重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有する樹脂及び/又は化合物を電子線照射により硬化させてなる。ここで、該重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有する樹脂及び/又は化合物は、フッ素を含まない。なお、上記電子線により重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有し且つフッ素を含まない樹脂及び/又は化合物は、1種単独で使用しても、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。 The electron beam-curable resin is formed by a resin and / or compound is cured by electron beam irradiation having a double bond polymerizable carbon atoms by an electron beam. Here, the resin and / or compound having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms does not contain fluorine . In addition, the resin and / or compound which has a carbon-carbon double bond polymerizable by the electron beam and does not contain fluorine may be used alone or in combination of two or more. .
上記電子線硬化型樹脂の形成に用いられる重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有しフッ素を含まない樹脂及び/又は化合物は、(メタ)アクリレートモノマー及び/又はオリゴマーである。ここで、(メタ)アクリレートモノマー及びオリゴマーとしては、ウレタン系(メタ)アクリレート、エポキシ系(メタ)アクリレート、エーテル系(メタ)アクリレート、エステル系(メタ)アクリレート、ポリカーボネート系(メタ)アクリレート、シリコーン系(メタ)アクリレート等のモノマー及びオリゴマーが挙げられる。上記(メタ)アクリレートオリゴマーは、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリオキシプロピレングリコール、ポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコール、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、多価アルコールとε-カプロラクトンの付加物等と、(メタ)アクリル酸との反応により、或いはポリイソシアネート化合物及び水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリレート化合物をウレタン化することにより合成することができる。 The inter-electron beam curing resin polymerizable carbon atoms used for forming the fluorine-free double bonds resin and / or compound is a (meth) acrylate monomer and / or oligomer. Here, as the (meth) acrylate monomer and oligomer, urethane (meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, ether (meth) acrylate, ester (meth) acrylate, polycarbonate (meth) acrylate, silicone Monomers and oligomers such as (meth) acrylates may be mentioned. The (meth) acrylate oligomer includes polyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, adduct of polyhydric alcohol and ε-caprolactone, and the like (meth) It can be synthesized by reaction with acrylic acid or by urethanizing a polyisocyanate compound and a (meth) acrylate compound having a hydroxyl group.
上記ウレタン系(メタ)アクリレートオリゴマーは、ポリオール、イソシアネート化合物と水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリレート化合物とをウレタン化することによって得られる。また、上記エポキシ系(メタ)アクリレートオリゴマーとしては、グリシジル基を有する化合物と(メタ)アクリル酸との反応生成物が好ましく、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、スピロ環、ジシクロペンタジエン、トリシクロデカン等の環状構造を有し且つグリシジル基を有する化合物と(メタ)アクリル酸との反応生成物が更に好ましい。更に、上記エーテル系(メタ)アクリレートオリゴマー、エステル系(メタ)アクリレートオリゴマー及びポリカーボネート系(メタ)アクリレートオリゴマーは、各々に対するポリオール(ポリエーテルポリオール、ポリエステルポリオール及びポリカーボネートポリオール)と(メタ)アクリル酸との反応によって得られる。 The urethane-based (meth) acrylate oligomer can be obtained by urethanization of a polyol, an isocyanate compound and a (meth) acrylate compound having a hydroxyl group. The epoxy-based (meth) acrylate oligomer is preferably a reaction product of a compound having a glycidyl group and (meth) acrylic acid, such as benzene ring, naphthalene ring, spiro ring, dicyclopentadiene, tricyclodecane, etc. A reaction product of a compound having a cyclic structure and a glycidyl group and (meth) acrylic acid is more preferable. Furthermore, the ether-based (meth) acrylate oligomer, the ester-based (meth) acrylate oligomer, and the polycarbonate-based (meth) acrylate oligomer are each composed of a polyol (polyether polyol, polyester polyol, and polycarbonate polyol) and (meth) acrylic acid. Obtained by reaction.
上記樹脂被覆層の形成に用いる塗工液には、更に必要に応じて重合性二重結合を有する反応性希釈剤、導電剤等の各種添加剤を配合してもよい。塗工液に重合性二重結合を有する反応性希釈剤を配合することで、塗工液の粘度を調整することができる。該反応性希釈剤としては、アミノ酸や水酸基を含む化合物に、(メタ)アクリル酸がエステル化反応及びアミド化反応で結合した構造の単官能、2官能または多官能の重合性化合物等を使用することができる。上記反応性希釈剤の配合量は、上記電子線により重合可能な樹脂及び化合物の合計100質量部に対して10〜200質量部の範囲が好ましい。 Various additives such as a reactive diluent having a polymerizable double bond and a conductive agent may be further blended in the coating liquid used for forming the resin coating layer, if necessary. By blending a reactive diluent having a polymerizable double bond into the coating solution, the viscosity of the coating solution can be adjusted. As the reactive diluent, a monofunctional, bifunctional or polyfunctional polymerizable compound having a structure in which (meth) acrylic acid is bonded to a compound containing an amino acid or a hydroxyl group by an esterification reaction or an amidation reaction is used. be able to. The compounding amount of the reactive diluent is preferably in the range of 10 to 200 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the resin and compound polymerizable by the electron beam.
また、上記塗工液に用いる導電剤としては、上記弾性層用導電剤として例示した電子導電剤及びイオン導電剤を用いることができる。なお、電子線は、カーボン系の電子導電剤に吸収され難いため、本発明においては、カーボン系の電子導電剤も樹脂被覆層に好適に用いることができる。ここで、カーボン系電子導電剤としては、ケッチェンブラック、アセチレンブラック等の導電性カーボン、SAF、ISAF、HAF、FEF、GPF、SRF、FT、MT等のゴム用カーボンブラック、酸化処理等を施したカラー用カーボンブラック、熱分解カーボンブラック、天然グラファイト、人造グラファイト、カーボンウィスカー、黒鉛ウィスカー等が挙げられる。上記電子導電剤の配合量は、上記非電子線硬化型フッ素含有樹脂及び化合物と電子線により重合可能な樹脂及び化合物との合計100質量部に対して100質量部以下が好ましく、1〜80質量部の範囲が更に好ましく、10〜50質量部の範囲がより一層好ましい。一方、上記イオン導電剤の配合量は、上記非電子線硬化型フッ素含有樹脂及び化合物と電子線により重合可能な樹脂及び化合物との合計100質量部に対して20質量部以下が好ましく、0.01〜20質量部の範囲が更に好ましく、1〜10質量部の範囲がより一層好ましい。 In addition, as the conductive agent used in the coating liquid, the electronic conductive agent and the ionic conductive agent exemplified as the conductive agent for the elastic layer can be used. Since the electron beam is not easily absorbed by the carbon-based electron conductive agent, in the present invention, the carbon-based electron conductive agent can also be suitably used for the resin coating layer. Here, as the carbon-based electron conductive agent, conductive carbon such as ketjen black and acetylene black, carbon black for rubber such as SAF, ISAF, HAF, FEF, GPF, SRF, FT and MT, oxidation treatment, etc. And carbon black for color, pyrolytic carbon black, natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon whisker, graphite whisker and the like. The blending amount of the electron conducting agent is preferably 100 parts by mass or less, and 1 to 80 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing resin and compound and a resin and compound polymerizable by electron beam. The range of parts is further preferred, and the range of 10 to 50 parts by mass is even more preferred. On the other hand, the blending amount of the ionic conductive agent is preferably 20 parts by mass or less with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing resin and compound and a resin and compound polymerizable by electron beam, The range of 20 parts by mass is more preferable, and the range of 1 to 10 parts by mass is even more preferable.
上記樹脂被覆層の厚さは、1〜500μmの範囲が好ましく、3〜200μmの範囲が更に好ましく、5〜100μmの範囲がより一層好ましい。樹脂被覆層の厚さが1μm未満では、長期使用時の摩擦により現像ローラ表面の電気性能を十分に確保することができない場合があり、500μmを超えると、現像ローラ表面が硬くなり、トナーにダメージを与えて感光ドラムや成層ブレードヘのトナーの固着が発生して、画像不良が発生する場合がある。 The thickness of the resin coating layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 500 μm, more preferably in the range of 3 to 200 μm, and still more preferably in the range of 5 to 100 μm. If the thickness of the resin coating layer is less than 1 μm, the electrical performance of the developing roller surface may not be sufficiently ensured due to friction during long-term use. If the thickness exceeds 500 μm, the developing roller surface becomes hard and damages the toner. In some cases, the toner adheres to the photosensitive drum or the stratified blade to cause image defects.
本発明の現像ローラは、電気抵抗が103〜1010Ωであるのが好ましく、104〜108Ωであるのが更に好ましい。現像ローラの抵抗値が103Ω未満では、階調性コントロールが難しく、また、感光ドラム等に欠陥があった場合、バイアスリークが生じることがある。一方、現像ローラの抵抗値が1010Ωを超えると、トナーを感光ドラム等に現像する際に、現像バイアスが現像ローラ自体の高抵抗により電圧降下を起こし、現像に十分な現像バイアスが確保できなくなって、十分な画像濃度が得られなくなる。なお、抵抗値の測定は、例えば、平板又は円筒状の対極に現像ローラの外周面を所定圧力で押し当て、シャフトと対極との間に100Vの電圧を印加し、その際の電流値から求めることができる。なお、現像ローラの抵抗値を適正且つ均一に制御することは、トナーが移動するための電界強度を適正且つ均一に保つ点で重要である。 The developing roller of the present invention preferably has an electric resistance of 10 3 to 10 10 Ω, more preferably 10 4 to 10 8 Ω. If the resistance value of the developing roller is less than 10 3 Ω, gradation control is difficult, and if the photosensitive drum or the like is defective, a bias leak may occur. On the other hand, if the resistance value of the developing roller is more than 10 10 Omega, when developing the toner to the photosensitive drum or the like, the developing bias causes a voltage drop by the high resistance of the developing roller itself can be ensured sufficient developing bias to the developing As a result, sufficient image density cannot be obtained. The resistance value is measured, for example, by pressing the outer peripheral surface of the developing roller against a flat plate or cylindrical counter electrode with a predetermined pressure, applying a voltage of 100 V between the shaft and the counter electrode, and obtaining from the current value at that time. be able to. Note that it is important to appropriately and uniformly control the resistance value of the developing roller in order to keep the electric field strength for moving the toner properly and uniformly.
本発明の画像形成装置は、表面のトナー付着が少なく、耐久性に優れた上述の現像ローラを備えることを特徴とし、長期に渡って良好な画像を形成することができる。本発明の画像形成装置は、上記現像ローラを用いる以外、特に制限はなく、公知の方法で製造することができる。 The image forming apparatus of the present invention includes the above-described developing roller that has less surface toner adhesion and excellent durability, and can form a good image over a long period of time. The image forming apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited except that the developing roller is used, and can be manufactured by a known method.
以下に、図を参照して本発明の画像形成装置を詳細に説明する。図2は、本発明の画像形成装置の一例の部分断面図である。図示例の画像形成装置は、トナー5を供給するためのトナー供給ローラ6と、静電潜像を保持した感光ドラム7と、トナー供給ローラ6と感光ドラム7との間に配置された上述の現像ローラ1と、現像ローラ1の近傍(図では上部)に設けられた成層ブレード8と、感光ドラム7の近傍(図では上方)に位置する帯電ローラ9と、感光ドラム7の近傍(図では下方)に位置する転写ローラ10と、感光ドラム7に隣接して設けられたクリーニング部11とを具える。なお、本発明の画像形成装置は、更に画層形成装置に通常用いられる公知の部品(図示せず)を備えることができる。
The image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example of the image forming apparatus of the present invention. The image forming apparatus of the illustrated example includes a toner supply roller 6 for supplying toner 5, a photosensitive drum 7 that holds an electrostatic latent image, and the above-described toner disposed between the toner supply roller 6 and the photosensitive drum 7. The developing roller 1, the stratified blade 8 provided in the vicinity of the developing roller 1 (upper part in the figure), the charging
図示例の画像形成装置においては、帯電ローラ9によって、感光ドラム7が一定電位に帯電した後、露光機(図示せず)により静電潜像が感光ドラム7上に形成される。次に、トナー供給ローラ6と、現像ローラ1と、感光ドラム7とが、図中の矢印方向に回転することで、トナー供給ローラ6上のトナー5が現像ローラ1を経て感光ドラム7に送られる。現像ローラ1上のトナー5は、成層ブレード8により、均一な薄層に整えられ、現像ローラ1と感光ドラム7とが接触しながら回転することにより、トナー5が現像ローラ1から感光ドラム7の静電潜像に付着し、該潜像が可視化する。潜像に付着したトナー5は、転写ローラ10で紙等の記録媒体に転写され、また、転写後に感光ドラム7上に残留するトナー5は、クリーニング部11のクリーニングブレード12によって除去される。ここで、本発明の画像形成装置においては、現像ローラ1に、上述した表面のトナー付着が低く、長期間使用してもトナーフィルミングの発生あるいは抵抗上昇が起こり難く、耐久性に優れた本発明の現像ローラを用いることで、長期に渡って良好な画像を形成することが可能となる。また、該現像ローラ1は、樹脂被覆層4中の未反応化合物の残留が十分に抑制されているため、感光ドラム7を汚染することがない。
In the image forming apparatus of the illustrated example, after the photosensitive drum 7 is charged to a constant potential by the charging
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
(実施例1)
サンニックスFA952[三洋化成工業株式会社製ポリエーテルポリオール、OH価=37]100質量部、SRX274C[東レダウコーニングシリコーン株式会社製整泡剤]1質量部、TOYOCAT NP[東ソー株式会社製アミン触媒]2.8質量部、TOYOCAT EP[東ソー株式会社製アミン触媒]1.5質量部及びサンフォームIC-716[三洋化成株式会社トリレンジイソシアネート]59質量部を機械的に撹拌して発泡させた。
Example 1
SANNICS FA952 [Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. polyether polyol, OH value = 37] 100 parts by mass, SRX274C [Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co., Ltd. foam stabilizer] 1 part by mass, TOYOCAT NP [Tosoh Corporation amine catalyst] 2.8 parts by mass, 1.5 parts by mass of TOYOCAT EP [amine catalyst manufactured by Tosoh Corporation] and 59 parts by mass of Sunfoam IC-716 [Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd. Tolylene Diisocyanate] were mechanically stirred and foamed.
次に、内径16mm、長さ250mmで、表面をフッ素加工した金属製円筒型モールドの片側開口部から、外径8.0mm、長さ240mmの金属製シャフトを配置し、上記の発泡ポリウレタン原料8.0gを発泡機から注入した。 Next, a metal shaft with an outer diameter of 8.0 mm and a length of 240 mm is arranged from one side opening of a metal cylindrical mold having an inner diameter of 16 mm and a length of 250 mm, and the surface is fluorinated. Was injected from the foaming machine.
次に、発泡ポリウレタン原料が注入されたモールドを80℃のオーブン中で20分間加熱した後脱型し、外径16mm、フォーム部分の全長が230mmのウレタンフォームからなる弾性層を備えたローラ本体を作製した。 Next, the mold in which the foamed polyurethane raw material was injected was heated in an oven at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes and then removed from the mold, and a roller body having an elastic layer made of urethane foam having an outer diameter of 16 mm and a total length of the foam portion of 230 mm was obtained. Produced.
上記ローラ本体の外周面に表1に示す配合の塗工液をロールコーターで塗布し、ウシオ電機(株)製Min−EB装置を用いてローラを回転させながら、加速電圧30kV、管電流300μA、照射距離100mm、窒素雰囲気760Torr、照射時間1分の条件で電子線照射したところ、塗工液が瞬時に硬化して弾力性のある樹脂被覆層が形成され、ローラ本体の外周面に樹脂被覆層を備えた現像ローラが得られた。得られた現像ローラのトナー帯電量、トナー搬送量を公知の方法で評価し、また、現像ローラを画像形成装置に組み込み、画像濃度、ハーフトーン斑の有無、かぶりの有無、先後端濃度差を公知の方法で評価し、更に10000枚印刷した後の現像ローラ表面のトナー付着、また現像ローラ画像形成装置に組み込み、画像濃度、ハーフトーン斑の有無、かぶりの有無、先後端濃度差を調べた。これらの結果を表1に示す。 A coating liquid having the composition shown in Table 1 was applied to the outer peripheral surface of the roller body with a roll coater, and while rotating the roller using a Min-EB apparatus manufactured by Ushio Electric Co., Ltd., an acceleration voltage of 30 kV, a tube current of 300 μA, When irradiated with an electron beam under the conditions of an irradiation distance of 100 mm, a nitrogen atmosphere of 760 Torr, and an irradiation time of 1 minute, the coating solution is instantly cured to form an elastic resin coating layer, and the resin coating layer is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the roller body. Thus, a developing roller having was obtained. The toner charge amount and toner transport amount of the obtained developing roller are evaluated by a known method, and the developing roller is incorporated in the image forming apparatus, and the image density, the presence of halftone spots, the presence of fogging, and the density difference between the leading and trailing edges are measured. Evaluated by a known method, and further adhered to the toner on the developing roller surface after printing 10,000 sheets, and incorporated into the developing roller image forming apparatus, and examined image density, presence of halftone spots, presence of fogging, and difference in front and rear end density. . These results are shown in Table 1.
(実施例2)
ムーニー粘度ML1+4(100℃)が70のNipol IR2200L(日本ゼオン製)100質量部、平均分子量29000のLIR-30(クラレ製)60質量部、カーボンブラックTB#5500(東海カーボン製)28質量部、亜鉛華5質量部、ステアリン酸1質量部、パーヘキサC-40(日本油脂製)9質量部を55Lニーダーを用いて混錬し、ゴム組成物を準備した。接着剤を付けた外径寸法φ8mmの芯金にゴム組成物を三葉製作所のクロスヘッド式押し出し機を用いて円筒状に押し出し、未加硫ゴム/芯金一体成型物を得た。これを円筒状の金型内にセットし、3.2×106Paの圧力をかけ175℃で20分間、加硫を行った。割り金型の圧力を開放し、ゴムローラを得、さらに180℃のオーブン中で4時間加硫を行った。得られたローラを回転砥石によりφ16mmの径にプランジ式研磨を行い、ゴムローラを得た。上記ローラ本体の外周面に表1に示す配合の塗工液を用いて樹脂被覆層を形成する以外は実施例1と同様にして現像ローラを製造した。得られた現像ローラの物性及び性能を表1に示す。
(Example 2)
100 parts by mass of Nipol IR2200L (manufactured by Zeon Corporation) with Mooney viscosity ML 1 + 4 (100 ° C.) of 70, 60 parts by mass of LIR-30 (manufactured by Kuraray) with an average molecular weight of 29,000, carbon black TB # 5500 (manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd.) 28 A rubber composition was prepared by kneading 5 parts by mass, 5 parts by mass of zinc oxide, 1 part by mass of stearic acid, and 9 parts by mass of perhexa C-40 (manufactured by NOF Corporation) using a 55 L kneader. The rubber composition was extruded into a cylindrical shape using a cross-head type extruder from Mitsuba Manufacturing Co., Ltd., to a cored bar having an outer diameter of φ8 mm to which an adhesive had been attached, to obtain an unvulcanized rubber / cored bar integral molding. This was set in a cylindrical mold, vulcanized at 175 ° C. for 20 minutes under a pressure of 3.2 × 10 6 Pa. The pressure of the split mold was released to obtain a rubber roller, and further vulcanized in an oven at 180 ° C. for 4 hours. The obtained roller was plunge-type polished to a diameter of 16 mm with a rotating grindstone to obtain a rubber roller. A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin coating layer was formed on the outer peripheral surface of the roller body using the coating liquid having the composition shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the physical properties and performance of the obtained developing roller.
(実施例3)
ヨウ素価が36、ムーニー粘度ML1+4(100℃)が39のEPDM100質量部に対してカーボンブラックTB#5500(東海カーボン製)50質量部、炭酸カルシウムとしてノーベライトA(日本粉化工業製)36質量部、ダイアナプロセスオイルPW90(出光興産製)60質量部、亜鉛華3質量部、ステアリン酸2質量部、加硫促進剤2-メルカプトチアゾール1質量部、硫黄1.5質量部、発泡剤ネオセルボンN#1000M(永和化成工業製)6質量部を55Lニーダーを用いて混錬し、発泡ゴム組成物を準備した。接着剤を付けた外径寸法φ8mmの芯金に発泡ゴム組成物を三葉製作所のクロスヘッド式押し出し機を用いて円筒状に押し出し未加硫ゴム/芯金一体成型物を得た。これを円筒状の金型内にセットし、3.2×106Paの圧力をかけ175℃で20分間、加硫・発泡を行った。割り金型の圧力を開放し、スキン層付きの発泡ゴムローラを得、さらに180℃のオーブン中で4時間加硫を行った。得られたローラを回転砥石によりφ16mmの径にプランジ式研磨を行い、発泡ゴムローラを得た。上記ローラ本体の外周面に表1に示す配合の塗工液を用いて樹脂被覆層を形成する以外は実施例1と同様にして現像ローラを製造した。得られた現像ローラの物性及び性能を表1に示す。
(Example 3)
50 parts by mass of carbon black TB # 5500 (manufactured by Tokai Carbon) with respect to 100 parts by mass of EPDM having an iodine value of 36 and a Mooney viscosity ML 1 + 4 (100 ° C.) of 39, Nobelite A (manufactured by Nippon Flour Industries) 36 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight of Diana Process Oil PW90 (made by Idemitsu Kosan), 3 parts by weight of zinc white, 2 parts by weight of stearic acid, 1 part by weight of vulcanization accelerator 2-mercaptothiazole, 1.5 parts by weight of sulfur, foaming agent Neo Cerbon N 6 parts by mass of # 1000M (manufactured by Eiwa Kasei Kogyo) were kneaded using a 55 L kneader to prepare a foamed rubber composition. The foamed rubber composition was extruded into a cylindrical shape using a cross-head type extruder from Mitsuba Manufacturing Co., Ltd. to a cored bar having an outer diameter of φ8 mm to which an adhesive had been attached, to obtain an unvulcanized rubber / cored bar integrally molded product. This was set in a cylindrical mold, vulcanized and foamed at 175 ° C. for 20 minutes under a pressure of 3.2 × 10 6 Pa. The pressure of the split mold was released to obtain a foamed rubber roller with a skin layer, and further vulcanized in an oven at 180 ° C. for 4 hours. The obtained roller was plunge-type polished to a diameter of 16 mm with a rotating grindstone to obtain a foamed rubber roller. A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin coating layer was formed on the outer peripheral surface of the roller body using the coating liquid having the composition shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the physical properties and performance of the obtained developing roller.
(実施例4)
グリセリンにプロピレンオキサイドを付加した3官能で分子量9,000のポリエーテルポリオール100質量部に導電性カーボン1.6質量部とジブチル錫ジラウレート0.15質量部を加え十分に撹拌混合した後、減圧下で撹拌しながら20分間脱泡して、これをポリオール成分とした。ポリオール成分の水酸基価は19mgKOH/gであった。一方、NCO含有率が11%のポリプロピレングリコール変性ポリメリックMDIをイソシアネート成分として減圧下で撹拌しながら20分間脱泡して、これをイソシアネート成分とした。ポリオール成分とイソシアネート成分の比率が101.75/13.70(イソシアネートインデックス:103)の割合になるようにして2成分注型機にてポリオールとイソシアネートを3000rpmで高速撹拌混合し、混合したウレタン原液を外径寸法がφ8mmの芯金をセットした筒形状のモールド金型に注入し、90℃で60分間熱風循環オーブンにて加熱キュアーした。筒形状のモールドから芯金つきウレタン・ローラを取り出し、ローラを得た。上記ローラ本体の外周面に表1に示す配合の塗工液を用いて樹脂被覆層を形成する以外は実施例1と同様にして現像ローラを製造した。得られた現像ローラの物性及び性能を表1に示す。
Example 4
After adding 1.6 parts by weight of conductive carbon and 0.15 parts by weight of dibutyltin dilaurate to 100 parts by weight of a trifunctional and 9,000 molecular weight polyether polyol obtained by adding propylene oxide to glycerin, sufficiently stirring and mixing, and then stirring for 20 minutes under reduced pressure This was defoamed and used as a polyol component. The hydroxyl value of the polyol component was 19 mgKOH / g. On the other hand, polypropylene glycol-modified polymeric MDI having an NCO content of 11% was degassed as an isocyanate component for 20 minutes while stirring under reduced pressure to obtain an isocyanate component. The polyol component and isocyanate component are mixed at a high speed of 3000 rpm with a two-component casting machine so that the ratio of the polyol component to the isocyanate component is 101.75 / 13.70 (isocyanate index: 103). Was poured into a cylindrical mold set with a core metal of φ8 mm, and heated and cured in a hot air circulating oven at 90 ° C. for 60 minutes. A urethane roller with a cored bar was taken out from the cylindrical mold to obtain a roller. A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin coating layer was formed on the outer peripheral surface of the roller body using the coating liquid having the composition shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the physical properties and performance of the obtained developing roller.
(参考例1)
液状シリコーンLIM液#2090(東レ・ダウコーニング・シリコーン製)を撹拌脱泡したのち、外径寸法がφ8 mmの芯金をセットした筒形状のモールド金型に注入し、120℃で30分間熱風循環オーブンにて加熱キュアーした。筒形状のモールドから芯金つきローラを取り出し、200℃で4時間熱風循環オーブンにて加熱キュアーしローラを得た。上記ローラ本体の外周面に表1に示す配合の塗工液を用いて樹脂被覆層を形成する以外は実施例1と同様にして現像ローラを製造した。得られた現像ローラの物性及び性能を表1に示す。
( Reference Example 1 )
Liquid silicone LIM liquid # 2090 (made by Toray Dow Corning Silicone) is stirred and degassed, then poured into a cylindrical mold set with a core metal with an outer diameter of φ8 mm, and heated with air at 120 ° C for 30 minutes It was heated and cured in a circulation oven. A roller with a cored bar was taken out from the cylindrical mold and cured by heating in a hot air circulation oven at 200 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a roller. A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin coating layer was formed on the outer peripheral surface of the roller body using the coating liquid having the composition shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the physical properties and performance of the obtained developing roller.
(参考例2)
表2に示す配合の塗工液を用いて樹脂被覆層を形成する以外は実施例1と同様にして現像ローラを製造した。得られた現像ローラの物性及び性能を表2に示す。
( Reference Example 2 )
A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin coating layer was formed using the coating liquid having the formulation shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows the physical properties and performance of the obtained developing roller.
(実施例7)
表2に示す配合の塗工液を用いて樹脂被覆層を形成する以外は実施例1と同様にして現像ローラを製造した。得られた現像ローラの物性及び性能を表2に示す。
(Example 7)
A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin coating layer was formed using the coating liquid having the formulation shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows the physical properties and performance of the obtained developing roller.
(実施例8)
実施例1で作製したウレタンフォームからなる弾性層を備えたローラ本体上にUR8401(東洋紡製)100質量部、コロネートHX(日本ポリウレタン製)5質量部、カーボンブラックPrintex35(デグッサ製)25質量部、MEK(メチルエチルケトン)100質量部からなる塗料を50μmの厚さに塗布した後100℃で1時間加熱硬化した。得られたローラを表2に示す配合の塗工液を用いて樹脂被覆層を形成し現像ローラを製造した。得られた現像ローラの物性及び性能を表2に示す。
(Example 8)
100 parts by mass of UR8401 (manufactured by Toyobo), 5 parts by mass of coronate HX (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane), 25 parts by mass of carbon black Printex 35 (manufactured by Degussa) on the roller body provided with the elastic layer made of the urethane foam produced in Example 1. A coating consisting of 100 parts by mass of MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) was applied to a thickness of 50 μm and then cured by heating at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. A developing roller was manufactured by forming a resin coating layer on the obtained roller using a coating liquid having the formulation shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows the physical properties and performance of the obtained developing roller.
(比較例1)
表2に示す配合の塗工液を用いて樹脂被覆層を形成する以外は実施例1と同様にして現像ローラを製造した。得られた現像ローラの物性及び性能を表2に示す。
(Comparative Example 1)
A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin coating layer was formed using the coating liquid having the formulation shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows the physical properties and performance of the obtained developing roller.
(比較例2)
表2に示す配合の塗工液を用いて樹脂被覆層を形成する以外は実施例2と同様にして現像ローラを製造した。得られた現像ローラの物性及び性能を表2に示す。
(Comparative Example 2)
A developing roller was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the resin coating layer was formed using the coating liquid having the formulation shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows the physical properties and performance of the obtained developing roller.
評価方法:
(1)画像評価
画像形成装置:市販レーザープリンター
カートリッジ色:シアン
(2)表面粗さ
サーフコム590A(東京精密製)
(3)抵抗値
R8340A ULTRA HIGH RESISTANCE METER (ADVANTEST製)
測定条件:シャフトとローラ表面間の印加電圧100V
ローラ両端に500gの荷重をかけ静止状態で測定
Evaluation methods:
(1) Image evaluation Image forming device: Commercially available laser printer Cartridge color: Cyan (2) Surface roughness Surfcom 590A (manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu)
(3) Resistance value
R8340A ULTRA HIGH RESISTANCE METER (manufactured by ADVANTEST)
Measurement conditions: 100V applied voltage between shaft and roller surface
Measured in a static state with a load of 500g on both ends of the roller
表1及び表2から明らかなように、実施例の現像ローラは、樹脂被覆層のトナー付着が小さいため、該現像ローラを組み込んだ画像形成装置を長時間使用しても現像ローラ表面にトナーが付着しにくく、長期に渡って良好な画像が得られた。また、実施例の現像ローラは、樹脂被覆層中の未反応化合物の残存量が十分に抑制されているため、感光ドラムを汚染することがなかった。 As is apparent from Tables 1 and 2, since the toner of the resin coating layer is small in the developing roller of the example, the toner remains on the surface of the developing roller even when the image forming apparatus incorporating the developing roller is used for a long time. It was difficult to adhere and a good image was obtained over a long period of time. Further, in the developing roller of the example, the remaining amount of the unreacted compound in the resin coating layer was sufficiently suppressed, so that the photosensitive drum was not contaminated.
1 現像ローラ
2 シャフト
3 弾性層
4 樹脂被覆層
5 トナー
6 トナー供給ローラ
7 感光ドラム
8 成層ブレード
9 帯電ローラ
10 転写ローラ
11 クリーニング部
12 クリーニングブレード
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Developing roller 2
Claims (5)
前記樹脂被覆層が、分子量1,000あたり(メタ)アクリロイル基を0〜0.01未満含有する非電子線硬化型のフッ素含有共重合体樹脂と電子線により硬化された電子線硬化型樹脂とからなり、該非電子線硬化型のフッ素含有共重合体樹脂と電子線により重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有し且つフッ素を含まない樹脂及び/又は化合物とを含む塗工液を前記弾性層の外周面に塗布した後、電子線照射により前記電子線により重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有し且つフッ素を含まない樹脂及び/又は化合物を硬化させてなり、
前記電子線により重合可能な炭素原子間二重結合を有し且つフッ素を含まない樹脂及び/又は化合物が(メタ)アクリレートモノマー及び/又はオリゴマーである
ことを特徴とする現像ローラ。 In a developing roller comprising a shaft, an elastic layer formed on the outer periphery of the shaft, and at least one resin coating layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer,
Made from the resin coating layer, per molecular weight of 1,000 and (meth) electron beam curing resin which is cured by a fluorine-containing copolymer resin and an electron beam non-electron beam-curable containing less than 0 to 0.01 acryloyl group, the A coating liquid containing a non-electron beam curable fluorine-containing copolymer resin and a resin and / or compound having a double bond between carbon atoms that can be polymerized by an electron beam and not containing fluorine. After being applied to the surface, the resin and / or compound having a carbon-carbon double bond polymerizable by the electron beam by electron beam irradiation and not containing fluorine is cured,
The developing roller, wherein the resin and / or compound having a carbon-carbon double bond polymerizable by electron beam and containing no fluorine is a (meth) acrylate monomer and / or oligomer.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004172687A JP4571441B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 | 2004-06-10 | Developing roller and image forming apparatus having the same |
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JP2004172687A JP4571441B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 | 2004-06-10 | Developing roller and image forming apparatus having the same |
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JP2005352161A JP2005352161A (en) | 2005-12-22 |
JP4571441B2 true JP4571441B2 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
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JP2004172687A Expired - Fee Related JP4571441B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 | 2004-06-10 | Developing roller and image forming apparatus having the same |
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JP (1) | JP4571441B2 (en) |
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