JP4560295B2 - 複合構造材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
複合構造材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4560295B2 JP4560295B2 JP2003585971A JP2003585971A JP4560295B2 JP 4560295 B2 JP4560295 B2 JP 4560295B2 JP 2003585971 A JP2003585971 A JP 2003585971A JP 2003585971 A JP2003585971 A JP 2003585971A JP 4560295 B2 JP4560295 B2 JP 4560295B2
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- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Description
コア材料が樹脂状基材を備える場合には、それが熱硬化性樹脂であることが望ましい。適切な熱硬化性樹脂の例は、エポキシ樹脂、尿素―ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、メラミン―ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、フェノール―ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、及びポリウレタン樹脂(ポリエーテル―ポリウレタン及びポリエステル―ポリウレタンの両方)を含む。
イソシアネート成分 ポリオール成分 定格フリーライズ密度(pc
f)
Rubinate M RimlineWL8738 8〜9
0
Rubinate M RimlineWL8738 15〜18
1
Baydur645B Baydur645A 5
Baydur730B Baydur649A 9
(U731B)
上記表では、Rubinate及びRimline反応物質はHuntsman Chemicalsから、及びBaydur反応物質はBayer Coporationから入手可能である。
(充てん剤固体)
充てん剤固体が使用される場合には、リグノセルロース材料、セルロース材料、ガラス質材料、セメント質材料、炭素質材料、プラスチック、及びゴムの1つ以上の一部分を含むことが望ましい。
(セルロース及びリグノセルロース充てん剤)
適切なリグノセルロース材料は、木本植物からの繊維ばかりでなく、木材、たとえば、木粉(wood powder)、木片(wood frake)、及び廃材繊維、を含む。適切なセルロース材料は、たとえば,竹、松の繊維、バガス、稲わら、籾殻、麦稈の殻、麻の繊維、サイザル繊維、トウモロコシの穂軸、及び種殻、胡桃の殻のような、植物材料を含む。リグノセルロース又はセルロース材料が使用された場合には、それが繊維質であることが望ましい。
(ガラス質の充てん剤)
適切なガラス質の材料は、ガラス(火山ガラスを含む)、フライアッシュ、及びセラミック粒子を含む。ガラス質の球体、たとえばガラス又はセラミックの小球体が使用でき、その重量過半数は、約5〜225ミクロンの直径を有する。重量を軽くするために、このような小球体は中空でもよい。特有の例は、Z−Light(商標)セラミック小球体を含み、それは3M Companyから入手可能で約0.7g/ccのかさ密度及び約2,000〜3,500psiの破砕強度を有する。これらは異なるバージョンで売られている。特に適切であると考えられている1つのバージョンは、Z−Light W−1020小球体であり、その重量過半数は、約10〜120ミクロンの範囲内の直径及び約3,500psiの破砕強度を有する。
(セメント質の充てん剤)
適切なセメント質の材料としては、たとえば、ポルトランドセメント、石膏、高炉セメント、シリカセメント、及びアルミナセメントなどがある。
(炭素質の充てん剤)
適切な炭素質の材料としては、炭素繊維ばかりでなく、たとえば、カーボンブラック、及び黒鉛などがある。
(プラスチック充てん剤)
プラスチック材料については、熱硬化性及び熱可塑性の両方の樹脂が使用できる。言及されてもよい適切なプラスチックとしては、たとえば、付加重合体(たとえばエチレンの不飽和モノマーのポリマー)、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、アラミド樹脂、アセタール樹脂、フェノール―ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、メラミン―ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、及び尿素ホルムアルデヒド樹脂である。ホモポリマー及びコポリマーが使用できる。適切なコポリマーは、インターポリマー、グラフトコポリマー、及びブロックコポリマーを含む。
(ゴムの充てん剤)
天然又は合成ゴムが、充てん剤固体、たとえばスチレン―ブタジエン樹脂、ポリブタジエン、又はポリイソプレンで作られたゴムとしても使用できる。ゴムの望ましい供給源は中古及び廃タイヤであり、それは空気入りタイヤ又は非空気入りタイヤでよい。
(これは、コア材料の厚さを約10%減らすのに必要な圧力の値を意味する)。基材樹脂が発泡される場合には、このような衝撃耐力は、たとえば「硬質発泡プラスチックの圧縮特性」というタイトルのASTMD1621〜94によって測定できる。
(ウェッブ材料)
層状の皮膜内のウェッブ材料は、堅くされた紙又は布である。布よりも安いから紙が好まれている。紙が使用される時には、約0.015〜0.020インチの範囲内の厚さを有することが望ましい。最も好ましいのは、約0.017インチの厚さである。紙は、種々の繊維のウェッブ、たとえばセルロース、ガラス、炭素、金属及び合成樹脂の群から選択された1つ以上の種類であってもよい。適切な合成樹脂繊維の例は、ポリアミド繊維及びポリエステル繊維を含む。最も望ましいのは、紙の中で繊維が方向付けられていて、たとえばその中では繊維が機械又はワープ(縦)の方向に向いており、又は時々「引き伸ばされた(milled)方向」とも呼ばれていることである。
(平行なひも)
複合材料が細長い場合には、層状の皮膜内で使用されたコーディングは、長さ方向で位置合わせされていることがしばしば望ましい。あるいは、コーディングは複合材料の長さ方向に対して直角又は対角線上に進んでいてもよい。たとえば、細長い複合材料が丸い断面を有する場合には、コーディングは、コアの周りを螺旋状に、望ましくはコーディングの均一な層でコアの周りが、巻かれていてもよい。螺旋状に巻かれた複合材料の使用が、たとえば高速道路のガードレールを支持するための柱として意図されている時には、適切な被膜が、紙の2つの層の間に挟まれたスクリムの形状で、ポリエステルコーディングの1つの層を有する紙の2つの層から成っていてもよい。
(異種埋込)
層状の皮膜は、コア及び皮膜と異なる材料の埋込を任意に含み、遠くから測定可能な物理的特性、たとえば複合材料又はその中に複合材料が含まれている物品の特徴を識別する役割を果たすことができる、インダクタンス、反射率、厚さ、密度、又は2次元形状のような特性を有する。材料は、たとえば、金属、流酸塩、塩化物、又は黒鉛から成っていてもよい。適切な金属の例は、アルミ、銅、金、ニッケル、カドミウム、亜鉛、青銅、クロム、コバルト、カリウム、クロム、鉛、すず、及び銀を含む。たとえば、基板上に堆積された金属層が使用できる。
(他の層又はコンポーネント)
層状の皮膜は、1つ以上の植物成長忌避剤を任意に備えていてもよい。かくして、たとえば、高速道路ガードレール支柱として使用される複合材料上の最外側の被覆は、ツタのようなつる性植物を追い払う化学物質を含んでいてもよい。
(結合/硬化樹脂)
ひもが樹脂によってウェッブ材料に結合されていることが望ましく、最も望ましいのは、エポキシ、ポリウレタン、アクリル、ニトリル、ブチル、アリル、尿素メラミン、ビニルエステル、フェノール、シリコン、及びシアノアクリレート樹脂である。熱硬化性樹脂、たとえば、熱硬化性ビニルエステル樹脂又は熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂が最も好ましい。コア材料が基材樹脂を含む場合には、結合樹脂は、基材樹脂と互換性があること、すなわち、それに接着することが望ましい。この点では、あるポリウレタン及びエポキシ樹脂が、あるフェノール及びビニルエステル樹脂のように互換性があるとして知られている。
(分節した皮膜で複合構造材料を作る)
層状の皮膜は、1枚でも縦断切片でもよい。製造の容易化のために、層状の皮膜は、構造材料の全長さを走る2つの対のCチャネルを有することが好ましいかもしれない。Cチャネルは、それらの開口が互いに向き合って対向しているかも知れない。2つのチャネルがそれらの縦方向の端に沿って重複していて、たとえば、ウェッブ材料を堅くするのに使用されるのと同じ熱硬化性樹脂とそれらが結合していることが望ましい。構造材料の断面形状が非正方形の矩形である場合、Cチャネルの各々が構造材料の広い側の1つを覆っていること、すなわち2つのCチャネルの重複する端が狭い側に位置していることが望ましい。
a)熱硬化性樹脂の前駆体混合物を染み込ませた混合物の、多孔性のウェッブ材料の第1の細長いCチャネルを得ること及びCチャネル側を上に向けることと、
b)ウェブ材料内の樹脂前駆体混合物と互換性の熱硬化性樹脂前駆体混合物で布片を含浸させることと、
c)チャネルの長さを伸ばすように、ワープをチャネルの縦方向に走らせつつ、第1のCチャネルの内底上に前記布片を置くことと、
d)前記ウェッブ材料の1つ以上の追加の層及び/又は布を任意にCチャネルの上に置くことと、
e)前記Cチャネル内の上部層に基材樹脂前駆体混合物及び充てん剤固体の断片を堆積することであって、基材樹脂前駆体混合物はウェッブ材料内の樹脂前駆体混合物及び布内の樹脂前駆体混合物の両方と互換性があるように堆積することと、
f)第1のCチャネルを、C側を下に向かせている熱硬化性樹脂前駆体混合物で含浸された多孔性のウェッブ材料の第2のCチャネルで覆うことであって、2つのチャネルの垂直側が互いに重複して接触しており2つのCチャネルがそれらの間のコア空間を画定するように覆うことと、
g)(i)コア空間内の基材樹脂と、(ii)多孔性のウェッブ材料内の熱硬化性樹脂と、(iii)布内の熱硬化性樹脂と、の硬化を助けるための条件下で、2つのCチャネルをつなぎ合わせることと、3つの樹脂すべてが硬化するために十分な時間にわたって、それによって2つのCチャネルが重複する所で共に結合され、布片は第1のCチャネルに結合され、コア空間は基材樹脂及び充てん剤固体片の混合物で満たされ、基材樹脂は布及びウェッブ材料に結合されるようにつなぎ合わせること。
(1枚皮膜の複合構造材料を作る)
あるいは、本発明の複合構造材料は、補強ひもの不織の撚り線の使用によって、層状の皮膜が2つの縦断面よりもむしろ1つであるように作製できる。かくして、たとえば、コア材料を完全に覆うのに十分に広いウェッブ材料の1片が、ある程度の重複があることが望ましいが、使用できる。各々がそれ自身の供給用スプールから供給されている補強ひもの平行な撚り線をウェッブ材料の1つの側に置くことができ、基材樹脂前駆体組成物及び充てん剤固体片の流体混合物はウェッブ材料のひも搬送側に堆積でき、ひもを搬送する側が構成の内側に向いたウェッブ材料は、構造材料の所望の断面形状を有する袖状の構成にできる。次に、混合物を搬送するウェッブ材料は、袖状の構成である一方、上述のように連続成形機を通過できる。この実施の形態では、完成した複合材料が一旦成形機から引き離されるとひもも予め引っ張られることができる。補強ひもが結合樹脂で独立して濡らされる必要がないように、多孔性のウェッブ材料は、強化する樹脂前駆体混合物で十分に含浸できる。しかしながら、ひもの独立した含浸は、任意のままである。
a)紙と布とからなる群から選ばれた2片の多孔性のウェッブ材料の折り畳み可能な積層を形成することであって、少なくとも1片の布をそれらの間に挟み、布のワープを縦方向に走らせ、多孔性のウェッブ材料及びすべての材料を熱硬化性樹脂前駆体混合物で含浸されたこれらの条片の間に置いて、積層を形成することと、
b)多孔性のウェッブ材料の条片の1つを上に、多孔性のウェッブ材料の他の条片を底にして、積層を槽形状に折り畳んでそれを水平に向けることと、
c)依然として折り畳み可能である間に、積層内の樹脂前駆体混合物と互換性の流体基材樹脂前駆体組成物を積層の槽の中に、十分に反応した時には少なくとも半硬質の熱硬化性基材樹脂を生じるように堆積することと、
d)積層が前記基材樹脂前駆体複合材料を含むコア空間を囲んで画定するように、積層を折り曲げるように閉じて(folding closed)封をするように閉じる(sealing shut)ことと、
e)積層内の熱硬化性樹脂及びコア空間内の基材樹脂の両方の硬化を助ける条件下で、両方の樹脂が硬化するのに十分な時間、閉じた積層及びその内容物を金型内に保持することであって、それによって、(i)積層及び基材樹脂は両方共少なくとも半硬質にされ、(ii)基材樹脂は、それが含むかも知れない任意の充てん剤固体と共にコア空間を充たし、(iii)積層及び基材樹脂が共に結合されている、保持すること。
(出荷パレット)
上述のように、本発明は、理想的には、出荷パレットを作るために使用できる複合ボードの製造に適している。木製のボード又はブロックで作られることができる任意の種類の出荷パレットが、本発明の1つ以上の複合ボードを使用して作ることができる。本技術分野ではよく知られているように、このようなパレットは、典型的にはデッキボード(水平に配置された)及びデッキボードの最上層の下に垂直に配置されたストリンガ(時々「ランナー」又は「ポスト」とも呼ばれる)を有する。底のデッキボードの使用は任意である。ストリンガパレットは、典型的には端及び中心ストリンガを含む。時々、単独の中心ストリンガが使用されるが、他の時には2つの中心ストリンガが、たとえば、荷重を平均に分配するために、互いに接触するか又は約6〜20インチで分離されるかのいずれかで使用されるであろう。
(図示されたプロセス例1)
本発明は、新しい複合構造材料を製造する1つの方法に関する次の記述を考慮することによって、より良く理解できるであろう。
(図示されたプロセス例2)
本発明の複合ボードの他の製造方法が、図3及び4で概説されている。図3では、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)の内部バリヤ層を有する2層の紙101が、紙及びプラスチック積層を製造するための周知の技術及び装置を使用して、ロール102からエポキシ樹脂塗布器104を通ってガイドローラ103に供給される。ポリエステルスクリム131がロール107から取られ、これもエポキシ樹脂塗布器104を通っている。同時に、単層紙108がロール109から取られ、エポキシ樹脂塗布器104を通る。流体エポキシ樹脂前駆体組成物113(今後「エポキシ樹脂」と略して呼ぶ)は、供給用ノズル110を通って紙101,108間の空間に運ばれる。
1.Po−S−Pi
2.Po−S−S−Pi
3.Po−S−P−S−Pi
4.Po−P−S−S−Pi
5.Po−P−S−P−S−Pi
(図示された出荷パレット例)
図2は、本発明の複合ボードで構築できる出荷パレットのある1つの種類を図示するための立面図である。それは、両方共1x4sで構築された上部デッキ210と下部デッキ221とからなる。末端ストリンガ212,213は3x4sであり、エッジ上に設けられている。2つの中心ストリンガ214,215は両方共2x4sであり、これもエッジ上に設けられている。次に、たとえば、デッキボード及びストリンガが、本発明の複合構造材料でどのように形成されるかについてを記述する。
・丸い、0.295〜0.305インチ直径のヘッド
・0.065〜0.070インチのヘッド厚み
・130°の皿穴角
・長さ3インチ
・0.130〜0.132インチのリング軸幅
・0.120インチ直径の引き抜き加工された低炭素の鋼線製
・42°角のダイヤモンドポイント
・100,000psiの最小引張強さ(曲げ降伏)
・熱硬化性樹脂で被覆(乾燥したラテックス接着剤)
本発明の特定の実施の形態を詳細に述べて来たが、当然のことながら、この記述は説明を目的とするだけである。添付の特許請求の範囲によって定義された本発明の精神を逸脱しないで、本技術分野における当業者によって、上述の好ましい実施の形態の開示された態様に対応する、種々の変更及び等しい構造が可能である。
Claims (57)
- コア材料に結合した層状の皮膜で覆われた寸法的に安定したコア材料を備え、前記層状の皮膜は、ひもの外側にある堅くされた紙から成るウェッブ材料の少なくとも1つの層に結合された、少なくとも1束の実質的に平行な補強ひもを備え、前記少なくとも1束の実質的に平行な補強ひもが、前記堅くされた紙から成るウェッブ材料中に存在するひも又は繊維のいずれとも別に存在し、前記コア材料が樹脂状基材を備える、複合構造材料。
- 前記補強ひもが前記ウェッブ材料に樹脂によって結合され、前記ウェッブ材料およびひもが前記層状の皮膜を寸法的に安定にするのに十分な量の前記と同一の樹脂で含浸されている、請求項1の複合構造材料。
- 前記材料が細長く、前記少なくとも一束のひもが構造材料の縦方向を向いており、構造材料の実質的に全長にわたり延びている、請求項1または2の複合構造材料。
- 構造材料がその全長にわたって実質的に均一な断面を有し、前記ひもの束の幅がその断面の周長の25〜100%を占める、請求項3の複合構造材料。
- 前記ひもが、ワープ方向の張力のもとで前記ウェッブ材料に結合されている布片のワープである、請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項の構造材料。
- 前記布が熱硬化性樹脂によってウェッブ材料に結合されている、請求項5の複合構造材料。
- 前記ウェッブ材料が堅くなる発泡されていない合成樹脂で含浸されている紙である、請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記紙がセルロース繊維を備えている、請求項7の複合構造材料。
- 前記コア材料が樹脂状基材に埋め込まれた充てん剤固体片を備えている、請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 樹脂状基材が熱硬化性樹脂を備えている、請求項9の複合構造材料。
- 前記コア材料が少なくとも300ポンド/平方インチの衝撃耐力を有する、請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記充てん剤固体片が、リグノセルロース材料、セルロース材料、ガラス質材料、セメント質材料、炭素質材料、プラスチック、及びゴムから成る群から選ばれた1つ以上の固体の片を備えている、請求項9乃至11のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 充てん剤材料片が、ゴムタイヤ片、ガラス小球体、発泡ポリマービーズ、及び膨張したパーライトから成る群の少なくとも一つを含む、請求項12の複合構造材料。
- 前記樹脂状基材がエポキシ樹脂及びポリウレタン樹脂から成る群から選ばれた樹脂を含む、請求項9乃至13のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記層状の皮膜が、少なくとも主に合成繊維又は長繊維を備えている前記補強ひもに結合した紙の層の組合せを少なくとも1つ備えている、請求項1乃至14のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記層状の皮膜が、ポリエステル繊維又は長繊維を備えている補強ひもに結合した紙の層の組合せを少なくとも1つ備えている、請求項1乃至15のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記紙が少なくとも主にセルロース繊維からなる、請求項16の複合構造材料。
- 前記コア材料が発泡ポリウレタン樹脂からなる基材に埋め込まれた充てん剤固体片を備えている、請求項1乃至17のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 層状の皮膜中で、最内層及び最外層が少なくとも主にセルロース繊維からなる紙の層であり、最外層はエポキシ樹脂を通じてのにじみに対するバリヤである樹脂層が二層の間に挟まれている二層の紙であり、最外層の外側の層が内側の層よりも薄い、請求項1乃至18のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記皮膜中のウェッブ材料の各層が補強ひも及び前記コア材料を前記ウェッブ材料に結合するのを助ける硬化したエポキシ樹脂で含浸されている、請求項1乃至19のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記層状の皮膜が、前記補強ひもの束に結合したクラフト紙の層の組合せを少なくとも1つ備え、前記ひもが連続したポリエステル長繊維を含み、前記連続したポリエステル長繊維が0.010〜0.015インチの直径を有する単繊維のひも及び600〜1,000デニエールを有する多繊維から成る群から選ばれる、請求項1乃至20のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 少なくとも1つの組合せ中のクラフト紙が65〜100lbs.の坪量を有する、請求項21の複合構造材料。
- 前記コア材料が300〜2,500ポンド/平方インチの衝撃耐性を有する、請求項1乃至22のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記構造材料が細長く、四辺を有するようにその断面形状が矩形状であり、前記層状の皮膜が、構造材料の少なくとも一辺を覆う少なくとも1つの前記補強ひもの束を備える、請求項1乃至23のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記構造材料が2つの対向した広い辺及び2つの対向した狭い辺を有するようにその断面形状が非正方形矩形状であり、層状の皮膜が、前記構造材料の前記広い辺の各々を覆う少なくとも1つの前記補強ひもの束を備える、請求項1乃至23のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記層状の皮膜が2つの対向した重複する結合したCチャネルを備えており、各Cチャネルが広い辺の1つを覆っており前記構造材料の全長にわたり走っている、請求項25の複合構造材料。
- 前記ひもが織られた布片のワープである、請求項1乃至26のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記ひもがスクリムの形で供給される、請求項1乃至26のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記材料が細長く、全長にわたって実質的に均一な断面を有し、少なくとも一束のひもの幅がその断面の周長の100パーセントを占める、請求項1乃至28のいずれか一項の複合構造材料。
- 前記材料が少なくとも0.1である少なくとも1つの断面方向のアスペクトを有する、請求項29の複合構造材料。
- 細長い複合構造材料の製造方法であって、
a)熱硬化性樹脂の前駆体混合物が含浸された紙及び布から成る群から選ばれる多孔性のウェッブ材料の第1の細長いCチャネルを得ること及びチャネルのC側を上に向けることと、
b)ウェブ材料内の樹脂前駆体混合物と相溶性のある熱硬化性樹脂前駆体混合物で布片を含浸させることと、
c)チャネルの長さを伸ばすように、ワープをチャネルの縦方向に走らせつつ、前記第1のCチャネルの内底上に前記布片を置くことと、
d)前記ウェッブ材料内の前記樹脂前駆体混合物及び布内の樹脂前駆体混合物の両方と相溶性がある、反応されると基材樹脂を生ずる、流体基材樹脂前駆体混合物を前記布片の最上部上に堆積することと、
e)前記第1のCチャネルを、C側を下に向かせている、熱硬化性樹脂前駆体混合物で含浸された多孔性のウェッブ材料の第2のCチャネルで覆うことであって、前記2つのチャネルの垂直側が互いに重複して接触しており前記2つのCチャネルがそれらの間のコア空間を画定するようにしている、覆うことと、
f)(i)前記コア空間内の基材樹脂と、(ii)前記多孔性のウェッブ材料内の熱硬化性樹脂と、(iii)前記布内の前記熱硬化性樹脂と、の硬化を助けるための条件下で、3つの樹脂すべてが硬化するために十分な時間にわたって、前記2つのCチャネルをつなぎ合わせて、それによって前記2つのCチャネルが重複する所で共に結合され、前記布片は前記第1のCチャネルに結合され、前記コア空間は基材樹脂で充たされ、前記基材樹脂は前記布及び前記ウェッブ材料に結合される、
ステップを含む、製造方法。 - 細長い複合構造材料の製造方法であって、
a)紙と布とからなる群から選ばれた2片の多孔性のウェッブ材料の折り畳み可能な積層を形成することであって、補強ひもの束の少なくとも1片をそれらの間に挟み、ひもを縦方向に走らせ、多孔性のウェッブ材料の各片及びこれらの条片の間のすべての材料を熱硬化性樹脂前駆体混合物で含浸させ、積層を形成することと、
b)多孔性のウェッブ材料の条片の1つを上部に、多孔性のウェッブ材料の他の条片を底部にして、前記積層を槽形状に折り畳んでそれを水平に向けることと、
c)依然として折り畳み可能である間に、積層内の樹脂前駆体混合物と相溶性のある流体基材樹脂前駆体組成物を、十分に反応した時には少なくとも半硬質の熱硬化性基材樹脂を生じるように積層の槽の中に堆積することと、
d)前記積層が前記基材樹脂前駆体組成物を含むコア空間を囲んで画定するように、積層を折り曲げて閉じて封をして密閉することと、
e)前記積層内の前記熱硬化性樹脂及び前記コア空間内の前記基材樹脂の両方の硬化を助ける条件下で、両方の樹脂が硬化するのに十分な時間、前記閉じた積層及びその内容物を金型内に保持することであって、それによって、(i)前記積層及び前記基材樹脂は両方共少なくとも半硬質にされ、(ii)前記基材樹脂は、それが含み得る任意の充てん剤固体と共に前記コア空間を充たし、(iii)前記積層及び前記基材樹脂が共に結合されるように保持すること、
のステップを含む、方法。 - 前記基材樹脂前駆体混合物が、少なくとも半硬質である発泡ポリウレタンを形成するために必要な反応物質及び発泡剤を含む、請求項32の方法。
- 前記2片のウェッブ材料が紙である、請求項31または32の方法。
- 紙の底の片が2層の紙であり、エポキシ樹脂がにじみ出ることに対するバリヤである樹脂層が2つの層の間に挟まれており、紙の最上部の片がこのようなバリヤ層を欠いている、請求項32乃至34のいずれか一項の方法。
- 熱硬化性樹脂前駆体混合物がエポキシ樹脂を発泡させるのに必要な反応物質を有する、請求項32乃至35のいずれか一項の方法。
- 前記紙片の間に挟まれた前記ひもが、連続したポリエステル長繊維および/または繊維ガラスのいずれかを含む、請求項32乃至36のいずれか一項の方法。
- ステップeの間に、前記積層が縦方向の十分な張力をかけられており、そのステップから生じる構造材料の外側の紙の層が実質的にしわなしである、請求項32乃至37のいずれか一項の方法。
- ステップeの間に、前記紙片の間に挟まれた前記ひもが連続したポリエステル長繊維を備えている、請求項32乃至37のいずれか一項の方法。
- 前記基材樹脂前駆体組成物が、タイヤゴム、ガラス小球体、発泡ポリマービーズ、及び膨張したパーライトから成る群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの充てん剤固体の条片を含む、請求項32乃至39のいずれか一項の方法。
- 前記基材樹脂前駆体組成物が、ゴムの重量の3%以下のベルト金属を含むタイヤゴムの条片を含んでおり、このようなゴムの量が完成した材料のコアの20〜90体積%を占める、請求項32乃至40のいずれか一項の方法。
- 前記基材樹脂前駆体組成物がガラス小球体を含み、その重量過半数が5〜225ミクロンの範囲内の粒径を有し、このような小球体が完成した材料のコアの2〜90体積%を占める、請求項32乃至40のいずれか一項の方法。
- 前記基材樹脂前駆体組成物が、完成した材料のコアの10〜80体積%を占める量の膨張したパーライトを含む、請求項32乃至40のいずれか一項の方法。
- その長さ全体にわたって実質的に均一な矩形の断面を有する、細長い、四辺がある複合構造材料であって、熱硬化性樹脂によってコア材料に結合された層状の皮膜内で覆われた、堅いポリウレタン泡のコア材料を備えており、前記層状の皮膜が紙を寸法的に安定にするために十分な量の堅くなる熱硬化性樹脂で含浸された紙の層に結合された少なくとも1束の補強ひもを備えており、前記紙の層はひもの外側にあり、前記補強ひもが前記構造材料の縦方向を向いていて実質的にその全長を延びており、前記少なくとも1束のひもは構造材料の少なくとも2つの対面を実質的に覆っており、前記コア材料は少なくとも300psiの衝撃耐性を有し、前記少なくとも1束の補強ひもが、前記紙の層中に存在するひも又は繊維のいずれとも別に存在する、複合構造材料。
- 前記コア材料が、タイヤゴム、膨張したパーライト、発泡ポリマビーズ、及びガラス小球体から成る群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの充てん剤固体の条片を備えており、300〜1700psiの範囲内の衝撃耐性を有する、請求項44の構造材料。
- 前記コア材料が1800〜2500psiの範囲内の衝撃耐性を有する、請求項44または45の構造材料。
- 前記層状の皮膜が、紙の層と、補強ひもの層を二層と、第二の紙の層とをこの順で備える、請求項44乃至46のいずれか一項の構造材料。
- 前記層状の皮膜が、紙の層と、ひもの層と、紙の層と、ひもの層と、紙の層とをこの順で備える、請求項44乃至46のいずれか一項の構造材料。
- (a)ストリンガと(b)ブロック及び連結ボードの組合せとからなる群から選ばれたデッキボード及びデッキ支持ボードを備えた出荷パレットであって、少なくとも1つの前記デッキボード又は前記デッキ支持ボードが、その長さ全体にわたって実質的に均一な矩形の断面を有する細長い四辺がある複合構造材料であり、前記材料は熱硬化性樹脂によって前記コア材料に結合された層状の皮膜内で覆われたポリウレタン泡のコア材料を備えており、前記層状の皮膜は紙を寸法的に安定にするために十分な量の堅くなる熱硬化性樹脂で含浸された紙の層に結合された少なくとも1束の補強ひもを備えており、前記紙の層が前記ひもの外側であり、前記補強ひもが前記構造材料の縦方向を向いていて実質的にその全長を延びており、前記少なくとも1束の補強ひもは前記構造材料の少なくとも2つの対面を実質的に覆っており、前記コア材料は少なくとも300psiの衝撃耐性を有し、前記少なくとも1束の補強ひもが、前記紙の層中に存在するひも又は繊維のいずれとも別に存在する、出荷パレット。
- 前記複合デッキボードの各々の中の前記コア材料が、タイヤゴム、膨張したパーライト、発泡ポリマビーズ、及びガラス小球体から成る群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの充てん剤固体の条片を備えており、300〜1700psiの範囲内の衝撃耐性を有する、請求項49の出荷パレット。
- 前記複合デッキ支持ボードの各々の中の前記コア材料が、タイヤゴム及びガラス小球体から成る群から選ばれた少なくとも1つの充てん剤固体の条片を備えており、1800〜2500psiの範囲内の衝撃耐性を有する、請求項49または50の出荷パレット。
- 前記複合デッキボード及び前記デッキ支持ボードの各々の中のひもの各束が、布の横方向インチ当り少なくとも10本のワープひもを有する、請求項49乃至51のいずれか一項の出荷パレット。
- 各複合ボードの前記四辺の各々が前記少なくとも1束の補強ひもによって実質的に完全に覆われている、請求項49乃至52のいずれか一項の出荷パレット。
- 前記出荷ボードがストリンガパレットであり、前記デッキボードの各々が前記複合デッキボードであり、前記ストリンガの各々が前記複合ストリンガである、請求項49乃至53のいずれか一項の出荷パレット。
- 各複合デッキボード中の前記コア材料が40〜50体積%の膨張したパーライトを備える、請求項49乃至54のいずれか一項の出荷パレット。
- 前記複合ボード又はブロックのうち少なくとも1つの層状の皮膜内に、前記コア及び前記皮膜と異なる材料の埋込物であって、遠くから測定可能な物理的特性を有しており、パレットを識別する特徴としての役割を果たすことができる、埋込物が存在する、請求項49乃至55のいずれか一項の出荷パレット。
- 前記埋込物の材料が基板上の金属層である、請求項56の出荷パレット。
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-
2002
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2003
- 2003-04-21 WO PCT/US2003/012281 patent/WO2003089238A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2003-04-21 MX MXPA04009966A patent/MXPA04009966A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-04-21 BR BR0309367A patent/BR0309367A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-21 EP EP20030728458 patent/EP1503896B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-21 US US10/511,163 patent/US20070113759A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-21 AT AT03728458T patent/ATE524309T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-21 OA OA1200400284A patent/OA12809A/en unknown
- 2003-04-21 NZ NZ53593603A patent/NZ535936A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-21 CN CNB038087839A patent/CN100391732C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-21 KR KR1020047016687A patent/KR101027296B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-21 AP APAP/P/2004/003158A patent/AP1847A/en active
- 2003-04-21 CA CA 2483034 patent/CA2483034C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1503896B1 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
AU2003234150A1 (en) | 2003-11-03 |
EP1503896A1 (en) | 2005-02-09 |
US20030198775A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
JP2005523180A (ja) | 2005-08-04 |
ATE524309T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
NZ535936A (en) | 2006-03-31 |
OA12809A (en) | 2006-07-11 |
EA200401408A1 (ru) | 2005-04-28 |
US6972144B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 |
CN100391732C (zh) | 2008-06-04 |
IL164578A0 (en) | 2005-12-18 |
US20100116180A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
IL164578A (en) | 2007-12-03 |
CA2483034A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
EP1503896A4 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
MXPA04009966A (es) | 2005-06-03 |
CN1646311A (zh) | 2005-07-27 |
AU2003234150B2 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
AU2003234150A2 (en) | 2003-11-03 |
BR0309367A (pt) | 2005-02-15 |
EA005844B1 (ru) | 2005-06-30 |
US20070113759A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
KR20040103967A (ko) | 2004-12-09 |
AP1847A (en) | 2008-05-09 |
AP2004003158A0 (en) | 2004-12-31 |
ZA200409289B (en) | 2005-09-02 |
CA2483034C (en) | 2012-02-28 |
KR101027296B1 (ko) | 2011-04-06 |
WO2003089238A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
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