JP4527122B2 - 組織処理の簡素化 - Google Patents
組織処理の簡素化 Download PDFInfo
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Description
関連出願の相互参照
固形組織の処理および分析に際しては、顕微鏡観察を行うためには、組織切片の厚さを3〜6ミクロン程度にする必要があるが、新鮮な組織の切片として得られるのは、薄くてもせいぜい約1mmであり、通常の切片の厚さは約2〜3mm程度である。顕微鏡で観察できる十分薄い切片を調製するためには、組織を硬化させて、より薄い切片を(たとえば、ミクロトームで切断するなどして)得られるようにすることが必要である。
実施例1
各種非水性溶液を順次使用して組織を処理することは、米国特許第6,207,408号に記載されている。具体的には、国際公開公報第01/447683号および米国特許出願第2001/0051365号(公開済み)に、4種の溶液を順次使用して、組織を組織学検査用に成功裏に処理しえたことが記載されている。Moralesら(Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 126: 583-590, 2002; Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 121: 528-536, 2004)には、この先行発明を使用した経験が記載されている。本発明では、迅速な組織処理装置で使用するプログラムを、4種の溶液を順次別々のモジュールで使用するよう改変して、切片作製および組織学検査を成功裏に行ううえでの各溶液の貢献度を判定した。この変法を使用して、装置の4つのモジュールの各溶液を選択した。結果を表1に示す。各溶液の必要度は、厚さ約1.5mmの各種のホルマリン固定組織を用いて評価した。
溶液I:イソプロパロール(40%)、アセトン(40%)、ポリエチレングリコール(MW300)(20%)、氷酢酸(総量の約0.5%の濃度となるよう添加)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)(約62℃で、総量の約1%の濃度となるよう添加)
溶液II:イソプロパロール(55%)、アセトン(25%)、鉱油(20%)、氷酢酸(総量の約0.5%の濃度となるよう添加)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)(約62℃で、総量の約1%の濃度となるよう添加)
溶液III:鉱油(30%)、溶融パラフィン(約65℃、圧力約640トル)(70%)
溶液IV:溶融パラフィン(約65℃、圧力約640トル)
厚さ約1.0mm〜約2.0mm(好ましくは約1.5mm)でなるべく薄い新鮮な組織標本、ホルマリンで固定した組織標本、UM-FIXで処理した組織標本を処理した。膀胱、胸部、ならびに、肺、子宮頚部(扁平上皮)、腎臓、肝臓、卵巣、脾臓、扁桃腺、および子宮(子宮内膜および子宮筋層)の癌について、切片作製と組織学的性質の両方に関して一様に優良な結果が得られた(脱パラフィン切片のヘマトキシリン-エオシン染色)。
アセトン 約25%
イソプロパロール 約55%
鉱油 約20%
氷酢酸 総量の約0.5%の濃度となるよう添加
DMSO 総量の約1%の濃度となるよう添加
厚さ約1.0mm〜約2.0mm(好ましくは約1.5mm)でなるべく薄い新鮮な組織標本、ホルマリンで固定した組織標本、UM-FIXで処理した組織標本を処理した。下記の条件(すなわち、それぞれ約30分間ずつの2つの反応)で、ヒトの組織(たとえば、アデノイド、胸部、腎臓、脂肪腫、肝臓、胎盤、皮膚、脾臓、子宮)について、一様に優良な結果が得られた(脱パラフィン切片のヘマトキシリン-エオシン染色)。
アセトン 約50%
イソプロパロール 約30%
鉱油 約20%
氷酢酸 総量の約0.5%の濃度となるよう添加
DMSO 総量の約1%の濃度となるよう添加
組織の処理は、本発明の一態様(図1Aに示す態様)を以下のようにして使用することによって実施することができる。非水性混合物(3.8L)のボトルを装着し、パラフィンペレット(3L)を加える。非水性混合物を予熱し、液状の時点で予め脱気、脱水しておいた固体パラフィンを溶融した後、サンプルを装填する。真空を引き、空気の圧力を上昇させて、溶液を移動させ、任意で、レトルト内で通気(ポンプBP)またはP/Vサイクル(ポンプAP)によって、溶液を撹拌する。連結手段(たとえば、可撓性の配管)と、連結手段が装置の各構成部分を連結する開口部を使用して、ポンプLPおよび電磁弁を使用して、第一貯蔵所とマイクロ波レトルトとの間で溶液を移動させる。空気ポンプを使用した減圧が必要とされるのは、真空レトルト内での含浸のみであり、これは、マイクロ波レトルト内での組織の処理(たとえば、硬化および初期含浸)は、通気ポンプを使用した機械的撹拌によって大気圧にて実施されるためである。
組織標本を、ホルマリンまたはUM-FIXで固定し、その後、2つの反応で30分間ずつ処理した。パラフィン切片をミクロトームで厚さ3ミクロンに切り、水浴に浮かべ、スライドガラス上に載せた。スライド標本を58℃の炉中に30分載置するか、好ましくは、37℃の炉中に約18時間または一晩載置することにより、パラフィンを溶融させ、キシレン浴に10分浸漬することによりワックスを除去した。スライド標本を、アルコール分を下げながら各溶液に1分間ずつ浸漬することにより再水和し(無水アルコール浴2回、95%アルコール浴2回、90%アルコール浴1回)、その後、水道水に2分間浸漬した。
厚さ6ミクロンの組織切片2枚を1.5mlの微量遠心管に入れ、800mlのキシレンを加え、ボルテックスで混合し、400mlの無水エタノールを加え、ボルテックスで混合し、微量遠心管を5分間微量遠心装置で遠心し、上清をデカントした。このペレットに、800mlの無水エタノールを加え、ボルテックスで混合した。
処理済みの組織塊から得た10枚の切片(それぞれ7μm)を、使い捨てのカミソリを使用して刻んだ。切片を、50mlのファルコン管に入れ、20mlのキシレンで脱パラフィンし、残りの組織を無水アルコールで30分間2回洗浄した。組織を、4Mのチオシアン酸グアニジウム、25mMのクエン酸ナトリウム(pH7.0)、0.5%のN-ラウリルサルコシン、0.1Mの2-メルカプトエタノールを含む溶液に、0.5gm/mlで懸濁した。溶液を、ボルテックスして混合し、18〜22ゲージのシリンジ針を通過させることによって、DNAを剪断した。
Claims (28)
- 以下の段階を含み、異なる2種の化学組成物のみを使用することを特徴とする、切片作製または組織学的検査のための、1つまたは複数の組織標本の組織処理方法:
(a)まず、組織標本を、少なくとも1つのケトン、少なくとも1つのアルコール、鉱油および界面活性剤を含み、(i)固定、(ii)脱水、(iii)清浄の機能を有する、加熱された1種の非水性混合物に含浸させる段階;次に、
(b)該組織標本に、加熱された1種のワックス溶液を、大気圧未満の圧力にて実質的にワックス含浸させる段階、
ここで、該異なる2種の化学組成物は、前記の非水性混合物および前記のワックス溶液である。 - 組織標本の厚さが、約3mm以下である、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本を手作業で処理する、請求項1または2に記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本を機械的に処理する、請求項1または2に記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本を、アルデヒドを使用せずに処理する、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本を、キシレンを使用せずに処理する、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本が、処理される前に固定されていない、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本が、処理される前に、ホルムアルデヒド中で固定されている、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本が、処理される前に、メタノールおよびポリエチレングリコール(PEG)中に保存されている、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の組織処理方法。
- 段階(a)のために、組織標本を、マイクロ波レトルト内で処理する、請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本を、非水性混合物、マイクロ波ユニットによる照射、またはそれらの両方によって実質的に硬化させる、請求項10記載の組織処理方法。
- 非水性混合物と組織標本との間の化学的交換を促進するための撹拌をさらに含む、請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の組織処理方法。
- 非水性混合物が、約55℃超および/または約75℃未満である請求項1乃至12のいずれかに記載の組織処理方法。
- 非水性混合物が、ケトンとアルコールを、容積比で約1:1〜10:1で含む、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 少なくとも1つのケトンが、非水性混合物の約40%(v/v)超および約65%(v/v)未満である、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 少なくとも1つのアルコールが、非水性混合物の約15%(v/v)超および約35%(v/v)未満である、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 鉱油が、非水性混合物の約15%(v/v)超および約25%(v/v)未満である、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 非水性混合物が、アセトン、イソプロピルアルコールおよび鉱油を含む、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 界面活性剤が、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)をさらに含む、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 非水性混合物が、約15%(v/v)から約35%(v/v)のアセトンと、約45%(v/v)から約65%(v/v)のイソプロピルアルコールと、約10%(v/v)から約25%(v/v)の鉱油とを含む、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 非水性混合物が、約40%から約60%(v/v)のアセトンと、約25%から約35%(v/v)のイソプロパロールと、約10%(v/v)から約25%(v/v)の鉱油とを含む、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本が、非水性混合物中で約45分以下インキュベートした後、実質的に硬化している、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 段階(b)のために、組織標本を、真空レトルト内で処理する、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本を、約100トル超および/または約760トル未満の圧力で実質的に含浸させる、請求項23記載の組織処理方法。
- ワックス溶液が、約55℃超および/または約85℃未満である、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- ワックス溶液が、脱気および脱水されている、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- ワックス溶液が、約30℃未満では固体であるパラフィンから製造されたものである、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
- 組織標本を、ワックス溶液中で約45分未満インキュベートし、冷却した後は切断することが可能である、請求項1記載の組織処理方法。
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US51356003P | 2003-10-24 | 2003-10-24 | |
PCT/US2004/035245 WO2005040763A1 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2004-10-25 | Simplified tissue processing |
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US (2) | US7470401B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1676117B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4527122B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060115366A (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE442576T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004283291B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2543043C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004023104D1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1676117T3 (ja) |
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ATE407353T1 (de) | 1997-08-20 | 2008-09-15 | Univ Miami | Hochqualitatives durchlaufendes verfahren zur fixierung, dehydratisierung, entfettung und imprägnation von geweben |
US7233340B2 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2007-06-19 | Applied Imaging Corp. | Linking of images to enable simultaneous viewing of multiple objects |
US7767152B2 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2010-08-03 | Sakura Finetek U.S.A., Inc. | Reagent container and slide reaction retaining tray, and method of operation |
US9518899B2 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2016-12-13 | Sakura Finetek U.S.A., Inc. | Automated reagent dispensing system and method of operation |
DK1676117T3 (da) | 2003-10-24 | 2009-11-09 | Univ Miami | Simplificeret forarbejdning af væv |
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US7470401B2 (en) | 2008-12-30 |
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EP1676117A1 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
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AU2004283291B2 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
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US8288168B2 (en) | 2012-10-16 |
ATE442576T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
DE602004023104D1 (de) | 2009-10-22 |
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