JP4500681B2 - 土壌汚染除去および土質工学のための方法 - Google Patents
土壌汚染除去および土質工学のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
- B09C1/085—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically electrochemically, e.g. by electrokinetics
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Description
H2O → 2H+ + 1/2O2(気体) + 2e- (アノード)
2H2O + 2e → 2OH- + H2(気体) (カソード)
これにより、アノードの周囲で(過剰のH+イオンに起因して)酸性前面領域(acid front)が生じ、カソードでは(過剰のOH-イオンに起因して)アルカリ前面領域(alkaline front)が生じる。
・必要な幾何学的形状への鉄分豊富な障壁の戦略的で遠隔性の動電学的配置(これは、汚染物質に対する物理的および/または化学的障壁を提供し、土壌および堆積物(汚染されているかまたはそうでないか)の工学的性質を改善する);
・pH/Eh勾配を生成し、土壌、堆積物およびスラリー内の汚染物質を再集結させそして/または捕捉する;そして
・土壌/堆積物/スラリーの安定化および戦略的な脱水化/再水和化、汚染した浸出水の強制的で方向付けられた移動、および非極性汚染物質の電気浸透的排除
を含む。
図1は、鋳鉄電極間に1.5Vの電位差を30時間印加した後の、水で飽和した砂で生成したほぼ垂直な1cm厚のFe豊富帯を示す。
図2aは、本発明の方法を使用して粘土土壌媒体中でのFe帯の生成を示す。
図2bは、基礎のシルト粒子と共に、本明細書で概説した技術を使用して鉄で被覆し固めた珪藻(海洋微生物)を示す。
図3a〜dは、スパイクしたサウザンプトンの水泥を使用した炭化水素排除実験のデータに関する。図3aは、堆積物をスパイクするために使用した元のエンジンオイルについての中間IRスペクトル示す。図3b、cおよびdは、それぞれ、実験の5日目、12日目および13日目にカソード区画から排出された排出液についてのFT-IRスペクトルを示す。炭化水素および海水の吸収線に印を付していることに留意すべきである。また、FT-IRに活性なディーゼル油の線の数およびそれらの全体強度は、実験時間と共に増大した(例えば、13日目で1376.66cm-1にCH3ベンドが現れる)。このことは、カソード域の排出液内のディーゼル油が実験時間と共に次第に濃縮されたことを示す。
図4aおよびbは、処理したラベングラス(Ravenglass)河口の泥についての60CoおよびAsデータを示す。Fe帯はアノードから5cmに位置していた。y軸単位が、60CoについてはBq/g(または原子核崩壊/秒/グラム)と、Asについてはppmと変わることに注意すべきである。Asデータについての誤差バーは、用いた菱形印よりも小さい。カソード区画でAsのおよそ〜40%の減少、狭い鉄分帯での約〜100%の富化に注目すべきである。60Coの減少は目立たないが、アノード域で依然として30%を超えている(未処理材料と比較して)。未処理材料と比較して、鉄分帯における〜50%の富化(これはアノード域にわたる60Coの〜110%富化に相当する)もまた観察されている。
A) すぐ近くのフォーレイ(Fawley)石油精製所からおよび地域海運による排出物からの、銅(Cu)および石油炭化水素で汚染された河口の泥サンプルを、2Vの電圧を用いて、三次元槽中で、矩形電極アレイを使用して処理した。3cm厚までの連続する鉄分帯が電極点源から生じた。処理前および処理後のCu濃度についてのデータは、動電学的処理により、16.3日でアノード域のCu汚染物質が約61%減少したことを示す(低い割合のCuは、安定な無機物の結晶格子内に保持された天然のバックグランドのCuであることに留意すべきである。この天然に存在するCuは動電学的プロセスにより影響されない)。
特に、液体の炭化水素に富む排出液を、堆積物から(電気浸透的排除により)追い出し、カソード区画の表面から約10ml/日で水路を通して排出した。本実験に関してエネルギー必要量は10.9kW/m3であった。これらの値は、他の動電学的汚染除去システムについて通常引用されるエネルギー必要量(例えば、金属汚染物質の100%除去について500kW/m3)(Virkutyteら、2002)と比べて好ましい。堆積物からの銅の除染および炭化水素排除についての時間尺度は、期間が、相当高価なカチオン選択性膜を用いる現行の技術に匹敵する(Van Cauwenberghe、1997)。(金被覆、白金または黒鉛電極に対して)鋳鉄電極の使用は、実験系がエネルギー、材料および電極構築に関して低費用であることを意味する。これらは、代表的には、任意の動電学的汚染除去システムに関連する費用の〜70%を構成する(Hoら、1997)。
(人工の放射性核種でわずかに汚染した)粘土に富む堆積物サンプルを、カンブリア州ラベングラス河口から採集し、1.5Vで410時間、二次元パースペクス槽中で、17cm離した電極を使用して処理した。17mm厚のFe豊富帯が、アノードから5cmのpHの大きな段差(pH2からpH13へ)が生じる点に生じた。処理した堆積物の地球化学的分析および放射測定分析(図4を参照)により、槽のアノード域からの放射性コバルト(60Co)の明白な除去および鉄分豊富帯上の再集結した60Coの沈降が示される。これは、代表的には20〜100日の期間を超えて行なわれる商業的システムと比較して、短い17日の時間尺度で達成された。
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Claims (10)
- 水分を含む土壌、堆積物またはスラリーの一定領域に埋め込んだ鉄分豊富な犠牲電極間に電界を印加して、酸性条件からアルカリ条件までの急激なpHおよびEhの勾配を生成し、安定な鉄分豊富帯の自発的な原位置沈降を酸性域とアルカリ域との間の境界で生じさせることを含む地下水保護、土壌汚染除去および/または土質工学のための動電学的方法。
- pH勾配がpH2からpH13までである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 電流が、土壌、堆積物またはスラリーの領域に挿入された一対以上の電極間に印加される請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 電極が、鋳鉄、屑鉄、ステンレス鋼または他の鉄分豊富な材料から作製される請求項3に記載の方法。
- 用いられる電圧が、一対の電極間の距離1cmあたり0.5ボルト未満である請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- 土壌、堆積物またはスラリーが有機、無機および/または放射性の汚染物質を含む請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 鉄分豊富帯が、土壌、堆積物またはスラリー中に存在する汚染物質に対する物理的および/または化学的障壁として作用する請求項1〜6に記載の方法。
- 鉄分が沈降して、2以上の電極の間で、不透過性密集帯、または土壌/堆積物粒子を固める被覆、または無機物粒に散在する被覆を形成する請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- pH/Eh勾配の生成が、土壌、堆積物またはスラリー中に存在する汚染物質を集結、再集結および/または捕捉する請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 土壌、堆積物および/またはスラリーの安定化および/または戦略的脱水化/再水和化、土壌工学目的の土壌および堆積物の物理学的特性の改善、汚染浸出液の強制的で方向付けられた移動、および/または非極性汚染物質の電気浸透的排除を目的として実施される請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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GBGB0222393.1A GB0222393D0 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2002-09-26 | Method for soil remediation and engineering |
PCT/GB2003/004181 WO2004028717A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 | 2003-09-26 | Method for soil remediation and engineering |
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US8219697B2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2012-07-10 | Oracle International Corporation | Diameter protocol and SH interface support for SIP server architecture |
US8015139B2 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2011-09-06 | Microsoft Corporation | Inferring candidates that are potentially responsible for user-perceptible network problems |
CA2645091A1 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-05-26 | Tanya L. Michailuck | Assessment and remediation process for contaminated sites |
CN101224942B (zh) * | 2008-01-21 | 2010-04-07 | 陈江涛 | 软土、淤泥脉冲式电渗脱水处理方法及其装置 |
US8814471B2 (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2014-08-26 | Regenesis Bioremediation Products | Method and system for capturing subsurface contaminants |
CN103796768B (zh) | 2011-10-12 | 2016-03-09 | 英派尔科技开发有限公司 | 电修复 |
JP2013107032A (ja) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-06-06 | Omega:Kk | 汚染土壌の有害物質の処理方法 |
CN102601103B (zh) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-05-22 | 西南科技大学 | 一种利用菊苣修复治理高浓度锶污染土壤的方法 |
KR101234390B1 (ko) | 2012-06-27 | 2013-02-21 | 주식회사 에코필 | 희생양극을 이용한 음이온성 오염물질의 전기역학적 정화 장치 |
JP6323990B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-21 | 2018-05-16 | 国立大学法人秋田大学 | 放射性汚染土壌の除染装置 |
CN103286119B (zh) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-10-15 | 华北电力大学 | 氯苯类有机物污染土壤和地下水的修复装置和方法 |
EP3318534A1 (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-09 | Höganäs AB (publ) | Iron based media |
CN107876560A (zh) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-06 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 污染土壤和地下水的原位阻隔治理系统及方法 |
WO2021007188A1 (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2021-01-14 | Matergenics. Inc. | Electrochemical soil treatment apparatus and method |
US11945014B2 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2024-04-02 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Coupled high and low-frequency ultrasound systems and methods for remediation of contaminated solids |
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US2099328A (en) * | 1934-01-16 | 1937-11-16 | Casagrande Leo | Method of hardening soil |
WO1991001392A1 (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1991-02-07 | Ionex | Method of removing ions |
US5476992A (en) * | 1993-07-02 | 1995-12-19 | Monsanto Company | In-situ remediation of contaminated heterogeneous soils |
JP3214600B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-08 | 2001-10-02 | 株式会社大林組 | 汚染土壌の浄化方法 |
US5861090A (en) * | 1996-01-30 | 1999-01-19 | Electrochemical Design Associates, Inc. | In situ electrochemical remediation of organically contaminated soil, sediments and ground water using electrochemically generated and delivered Fenton's Reagent |
AU721386B2 (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 2000-06-29 | Monsanto Company | In-situ remediation of contaminated soils |
US6521810B2 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2003-02-18 | General Electric Company | Contaminant treatment method |
US6255551B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2001-07-03 | General Electric Company | Method and system for treating contaminated media |
US6221237B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2001-04-24 | Sandia Corporation | Electrokinetic removal of charged contaminant species from soil and other media using moderately conductive adsorptive materials |
JP3732071B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-01 | 2006-01-05 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 汚染土壌の修復方法 |
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CA2537901C (en) | 2010-09-28 |
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AU2003269202B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
DE60310272D1 (de) | 2007-01-18 |
EP1603690A1 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
PL203769B1 (pl) | 2009-11-30 |
RU2345848C2 (ru) | 2009-02-10 |
US20060163068A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
PL374485A1 (en) | 2005-10-31 |
JP2006500210A (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
EP1603690B9 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
AU2003269202A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 |
WO2004028717A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
CN100336616C (zh) | 2007-09-12 |
CN1684777A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
SE0401339L (sv) | 2004-05-26 |
DE60310272T2 (de) | 2007-07-19 |
CA2537901A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
AU2003269202B9 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
SI1603690T1 (sl) | 2007-06-30 |
RU2005112453A (ru) | 2005-09-10 |
PT1603690E (pt) | 2007-03-30 |
ES2277642T3 (es) | 2007-07-16 |
GB0222393D0 (en) | 2002-11-06 |
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DK1603690T3 (da) | 2007-04-10 |
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