JP4465475B2 - Visualization equipment used in vibration processing machines - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a visualization device that visualizes a machining portion of a vibration processing machine in a static state, and more particularly to a visualization device that collects light from a light source that emits light for an extremely short time using an optical fiber and visualizes the machining portion.

  Recently, the demand for products of high hardness and difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium, ceramics and cemented carbide has increased, and cutting and grinding of these materials has become an urgent task. Since the above materials have a material hardness close to that of a cutting blade or a grinding blade that is a processing tool, the conventional processing technology causes a significant deterioration of the processing tool, making cutting or grinding difficult.

  As a solution to this problem, a high-frequency vibration machining technology has been devised, in which a tool or work material is vibrated at a high frequency and a small amplitude to suppress the heat generated during machining and cut or grind difficult-to-cut materials. Yes. (Patent Document 1)

JP-A-9-285896

  In the above high-frequency vibration processing technology, in addition to the conventional cutting conditions, conditions for vibrating the processing tool or work material of the vibration processing machine, that is, the processing conditions suitable for each work material such as the frequency and amplitude of the machined part during processing. It is necessary to operate the vibration processing machine.

  However, in addition to the fact that the vibration frequency of the vibration processing machine is high frequency of several kHz to several tens of kHz, the amplitude of the processed part is a minute amplitude of several micrometers, so the situation of the processed part can be accurately A special device is required to grasp.

  For example, a method using a high-speed camera or a method of observing as a still image by using an interference image of a laser beam is used for observing such a processed portion. However, both devices are expensive and are used for a vibration processing machine. Was lacking in practicality. Although it is conceivable to observe the processing state as a still image with flash photography using a xenon light source, the emission frequency characteristics of the xenon light source cannot follow the fast movement of the processed part, resulting in a blurred image. Therefore, it cannot be put to practical use.

  Therefore, the present invention can observe the processing portion in vibration as a still image by guiding light from a plurality of light sources having fast light emission characteristics to the processing portion in synchronization with vibration based on the vibration generator. The object is to provide a visualization device.

The present invention is a visualization device used in a vibration processing machine (1) that processes a material (W) while applying vibration to the processing tool (8) by the vibration generating unit (7).
An oscillation unit (10a) for transmitting a signal toward the vibration generator (7);
A vibration detecting element (9) for detecting vibration of the processing tool (8) ;
And multiple light emitting diodes (21),
A plurality of optical fibers (30) for guiding light from the plurality of light emitting diodes (21) to a processed portion (A) of the material ( W ) by the processing tool (8), respectively;
A light emitting unit (10c) for emitting a light emission signal to the light emitting diode (21);
Light emission timing and light emission time (C) at which the material (W) and the processing tool (8) in the vibration detected by the vibration detection element (9) are closest to each other (F) or most distant from each other (G). ) And an adjustment unit (10e) for setting
Photographing means (36) for photographing the processed portion (A),
Wherein the light emission signal of the light-emitting unit that is set based on the adjustment unit (10e) (10c), the opening time of the shutter of the imaging means (36) to (J) in the prior SL-emitting diode (21) emits light a plurality of times The light emitting diode at the light emission timing at which the material (W) and the processing tool (8) are closest to each other or at the most distant positions and at a light emission time (C) that is significantly shorter than the period of vibration. (21) by Repetitive emission returned in shooting with the vibration of the working portion (a) in a stationary state,
It is in the visualization apparatus characterized by this.

The adjusting unit (10e), said short period of oscillation is from 1 msec, before Symbol Luminous time becomes set in the range of 1/100 to 1/10 of the period of the vibration.

  In addition, although the code | symbol in the said parenthesis is for contrast with drawing, it does not have any influence on description of a claim by this.

According to the present invention, since the light from the light source that emits light in synchronization with the vibration period of the vibration generator is guided to the processing portion using the optical fiber, the vibration of the processing portion can be observed as a stationary state.

The pre-Symbol light source and plurality of light sources, also since the optical fiber a plurality of the optical fibers, the individual can obtain a sufficient amount of light for observation even with a small light source with the light amount.

Since the light source has a light emitting diode, sharp rising characteristic, and it is possible to emit light by a short period, it is possible even for fast processing portion moving obtain a visible image of the static state.

During camera like shutter opening time of a shadow unit shooting, since light over a plurality of times with respect to the working portion is an imaging object is irradiated, in a short time of the light source, the light quantity per one time at least, it By superimposing at the same timing, a sufficient amount of light for photographing can be obtained, and a clear photographed image can be obtained.

Since irradiation with light of a sufficiently short time with respect to vibration period, even fast processing portion of the motion due to high frequencies can be observed as a still image.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a vibration processing machine 1 taking a cutting machine as an example and a visualization device 2 used in the vibration processing machine.

  The vibration processing machine 1 is movably mounted on a pedestal 3 installed on a floor or the like, a column 4 fixed to the side of the pedestal 3 and standing upward, and a drive motor (not shown) on the pedestal 3. A table 5, a processing tool base (tool rest) 6 attached to a lifting rail 4 a provided on the vertical side surface of the column 4, and a controller for controlling the movement of the vibration processing machine 1 and the visualization device 2. 10.

  The processing tool base 6 is attached with a vibration generating unit 7 formed of a piezoelectric element or the like at the upper part thereof, and a processing tool 8 such as a cutting blade is attached at the lower part thereof. The vibration generating part 7 is a controller. The processing tool 8 can be vibrated by receiving a signal from the ten oscillation units 10a (see FIG. 3) and vibrating.

  A work (material) W is fixed to the table 5, and the work W is subjected to processing such as cutting while the work tool 8 of the work tool base 6 vibrates with the feed from the table 5. At this time, in the processing portion A where the workpiece W and the processing tool 8 are in contact with each other, cutting oil or the like (not shown) is dripped and enters the gap between the processing tool 8 and the workpiece W, which is generated when the processing tool 8 vibrates. Cutting resistance is reduced.

  Further, a vibration detection element 9 is attached in the vicinity of the processing tool 8, and the vibration detection element 9 detects a displacement or distortion caused by the vibration of the processing tool 8, and detects the detection unit 10b of the controller 10 (FIG. 3). Output as a vibration signal. The processing tool base 6 including the vibration generator 7 and the vibration detection element 9 constitutes a vibration generator.

  The visualization device 2 includes a light emitting diode 21 serving as a light source 20 and an optical fiber 30 that guides light from each light source 20 to the processing portion A, and an imaging unit 35 that records the state of the processing portion A as necessary. Is used.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the light source 20 shows a state in which a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) 21 are arranged and attached to a substrate 22, and each light emitting diode 21 is a light emitting unit 10 c (FIG. 3) in the controller 10. To the signal from the reference) via the adjustment unit 10e and can emit light simultaneously. The light emitting diode 21 is a diode that can obtain light having a wavelength according to the purpose. For example, in the case of naked eye observation, a white light emitting diode is used, and a light emitting diode having a wavelength according to the camera sensitivity to be used is selected. Is done.

  One end 30a of the optical fiber 30 is attached to the light emitting portion of each light emitting diode 21, and the light emitted from the light emitting diode 21 enters the optical fiber 30 from the end 30a. The other end 30b of each optical fiber 30 is bundled together by a bundling member 31, and the optical fiber 30 has a predetermined length and is led to the vicinity of the processing portion A and is arranged toward the processing portion A. Has been. As the optical fiber 30 in this case, a fiber that is widely used as an optical transmission fiber is used.

  In the present embodiment, a camera device 36 focused on the processed portion A is provided as the photographing means 35 in order to record or enlarge an image of the processed portion A. By attaching an image display device 37 to the camera device 36, it is possible to display and record images. However, when the processed portion A is visually observed using a microscope or the like, the photographing means 35 according to this embodiment is not necessary.

  The controller 10 described above is a device that controls the vibration processing machine 1 and the visualization device 2, and a predetermined process is performed by a storage unit and a processing unit (not shown) in the controller 10. In the controller 10 according to this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the output signal from the oscillation unit 10a is branched and communicated to the light emitting unit 10c and the camera unit 10d, and the output of the detection unit 10b is the light emitting unit 10c. It is communicated to.

  Further, the output from the light emitting unit 10c is connected in parallel to the respective light emitting diodes 21 via the adjusting unit 10e.

  Next, the operation of the visualization apparatus 2 having the above structure will be described.

  Prior to the start of the vibration processing machine 1, it is necessary to set cutting conditions by a conventional method in the controller 10. That is, conditions such as the frequency, amplitude, and contact pressure of the processing tool 8 are set, and these can be corrected from the cutting state of the subsequent processing portion A.

  The cutting material (workpiece) W fixed on the table 5 is moved to an initial position as a cutting start point and brought into contact with the processing tool 8 based on control from the positioning unit 10f of the controller 10.

  Next, the period of vibration of the vibration generator 6 is 1 msec or less, preferably a period within the range of 10 μsec to 50 μsec is selected, and the vibration is generated by a substantially sinusoidal voltage or current output from the oscillation unit 10 a of the controller 10. (See FIG. 4). The vibration of the vibration generator 6 is transmitted to the processing tool 8, and the vibration signal detected by the vibration detection element 9 is input to the detection unit 10b.

  Although the output signal from the oscillation unit 10a and the output signal from the detection unit 10b are input to the light emitting unit 10c, there may be a difference between the two signals, so either signal is selected and the light emitting unit 10c is selected. 10c is activated. That is, the signal from the vibration detection element 9 shows the actual movement of the processing tool 8, but the electromotive force is weak and noise may be mixed. The optimum signal is selected, or both signals are combined to be an input signal of the light emitting unit 10c.

  When machining starts and the vibration generator 6 moves relative to the table 5 while vibrating, the workpiece W is cut by contact with the processing tool 8. In the present vibration processing machine 1, since the vibration generating device 6 vibrates at a high frequency, the dropped cutting oil or the like easily penetrates into the processing portion 8 and cuts even a high-hardness material that is difficult to process. Processing is possible.

  In the light emitting unit 10c, the time width (C) for emitting light from the light emitting diode 21 is determined based on the periodic signal from the oscillation unit 10a or the vibration detecting element 9. That is, a time width (C) corresponding to an image obtained by the photographing means 35 described later is selected within a range of 1/100 to 1/10 of the vibration period of the vibration generator 6. For example, in the position (D) where the processing tool 8 moves slowly, the processing tool 8 can be observed as a stationary state even if the light emission time width (C) is set to be relatively long, but the transition position ( In E), the light emission time width (C) needs to be set short in order to prevent blurring of the image of the processing tool 8 (see FIG. 4). The light emission time width (C) is also related to the total light amount necessary for obtaining an image. When the light emission time width (C) is set to be short, it is necessary to increase the number of times of light emission to ensure the light amount. .

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the vibration of the vibration generator 6 and the light emission timing of the light source 20. The horizontal axis indicates the elapsed time, and the vertical axis indicates the displacement from the oscillation unit 10 a or the vibration detection element 9. Is shown. The upper part in the graph is the position (F) where the workpiece W and the processing tool 8 are closest, and the lower part in the graph is the position (G) where the work W and the processing tool 8 are farthest apart. In addition, a white frame (H) and a hatched frame (I) in the figure indicate the light emission start timing and the light emission time width (C) of the light source 20.

  According to FIG. 4, the light source 20 emits light in accordance with the position (F) where the workpiece W and the processing tool 8 are closest (or the position (G) where the processing tool 8 is farthest away). The light emission is repeated a plurality of times at the same position.

  The light emission of the light source 20 can be adjusted by adjusting the light emission timing by using the signal of the light emitting unit 10c via the adjustment unit 10e, and can be emitted in accordance with an arbitrary position of vibration of the vibration generating device 6. That is, since the light source 20 can emit light by shifting the phase of the vibration of the vibration generator 6, a still image can be obtained at an arbitrary position of the processing tool 8.

  When the photographing unit 35 is used in this state, the shutter of the camera device 36 is kept open (J frame in FIG. 4). This is because a normally used mechanical shutter opening / closing operation is much slower than the oscillation frequency of the vibration generator 6, so that the shutter is opened, and the light source 20 is repeatedly turned on and off during this open period. An image as a still image is obtained. The shutter is closed when the number of times of light emission of the light source 20 becomes a light amount that can be observed as an image.

  By repeating the light emission of the light source 20 described above, the same position is subjected to multiple exposure multiple times even for a short time with a small amount of light, so that the total light amount increases and a clear image can be obtained. .

  In FIG. 5, an example of the image which recorded the processing state of the processing tool 8 using this visualization apparatus 2 is shown. FIG. 5A is a still image at the position (F) where the cutting position of the workpiece W and the processing tool 8 are closest to each other, and FIG. 5B is a position where the workpiece W and the processing tool 8 are most separated from each other. It is a still image in (G). This image is formed by the photographing means 35 by causing the light source 20 to emit 1000 times with the vibration generator 6 vibrated at a cycle of 15 μsec. From both images, the processed portion A during cutting can be compared as a still image, and by analyzing this image, the favorable processing conditions of the processing tool 8 are determined and the operating conditions of the vibration processing machine 1 are changed. be able to.

  The embodiment described above describes the best mode of a visualization device used in a vibration processing machine taking a cutting machine as an example. However, the present invention is applicable to a vibration processing machine such as a grinding machine or a polishing machine. Applicable. Moreover, although applied to the vibration processing apparatus in which a processing tool vibrates, it is applicable also to the processing apparatus in which a workpiece vibrates.

It is a figure which shows the outline of the visualization apparatus used for the vibration processing machine which uses a cutting machine as an example, and a vibration processing machine. It is a figure which expands and shows the outline of a visualization device. It shows a configuration of a controller. It is a figure which shows the timing of a vibration signal and a light emission signal. It is an image figure which shows a process part.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vibration processing machine 2 Visualization apparatus 6 Vibration generator 7 Vibration generation part 8 Processing tool 9 Vibration detection element 10 Controller 10c Light emission unit 20 Light source 21 Light emitting diode (LED)
25 Bundling member 30 Optical fiber 31 Annular member 35 Imaging means A Processing portion W Workpiece

Claims (2)

A visualization device used in a vibration processing machine that processes a material while applying vibration to a processing tool by a vibration generating unit,
An oscillation unit for transmitting a signal toward the vibration generating unit;
A vibration detecting element for detecting vibration of the processing tool ;
And multiple light-emitting diode,
A plurality of optical fibers for guiding light from the plurality of light emitting diodes to a processed portion of the material by the processing tool;
A light emitting unit for emitting a light emission signal to the light emitting diode;
An adjustment unit that sets a light emission timing and a light emission time at which the material and the processing tool in the vibration detected by the vibration detection element are closest to each other or are most distant from each other;
Photographing means for photographing the processed portion,
Wherein the light emission signal of the light-emitting unit that is set based on the adjustment unit, the previous SL-emitting diode in the opening time of the shutter of the imaging means emitting light a plurality of times, and the material and the processing tool is closest position or light by shooting with the vibration of the working portion stationary most be spaced locations become light emission timing is and the significantly shorter emission time than the period of oscillation by the light emitting diode Repetitive return of,
Visualization device characterized by that. The adjustment unit, the shorter the period of vibration is from 1 msec, before Symbol Luminous time becomes set in the range of 1/100 to 1/10 of the period of the oscillation,
The visualization device according to claim 1.

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