JP4450519B2 - Construction sludge treatment method - Google Patents
Construction sludge treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4450519B2 JP4450519B2 JP2001025660A JP2001025660A JP4450519B2 JP 4450519 B2 JP4450519 B2 JP 4450519B2 JP 2001025660 A JP2001025660 A JP 2001025660A JP 2001025660 A JP2001025660 A JP 2001025660A JP 4450519 B2 JP4450519 B2 JP 4450519B2
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- construction sludge
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、産業廃棄物を多量に利用して製造される、シールド工法などの掘削建設工事において発生する高含水の建設発生土である建設汚泥を急速に固化し、速やかな場内利用あるいは平ダンプトラックでの運搬を可能とする特性を有した、環境負荷低減型の建設汚泥の処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
建設汚泥の固化処理は、一般にセメント系、石灰系、高分子系、複合系(セメント−高分子系、石灰−高分子系)で行われている。この内、セメント系固化材としては、一般にポルトランドセメントを主成分とする汎用固化材が用いられているが、汎用固化材は強度発現性が遅いため、数時間以上仮置きして強度発現を待たなければ、処理土の再利用あるいは搬出ができない。
しかしながら、緊急工事あるいは都市部における工事などでは、仮置きする場所の確保が困難であることと、工事による交通機関等への影響が大きく速やかな復旧が必要なこと等から、建設汚泥の発生と同時に改良し場内利用できること、あるいは搬出することが求められている。
強度発現性は固化材の添加量を増すことによって向上するが、汎用固化材では添加量が著しく多量となり、処理土量が増大し好ましくない。また、固化処理には地中埋設物の補修等による掘返しを前提とした再掘削可能な強度が求められているが、汎用固化材の多量添加では長期強度が出過ぎるため再掘削ができないなどの問題も生じ好ましくない。この欠点を解消するものとして、速硬性を有するアウイン系の固化材が開発されている。例えば、特許第2802972号公報には、カルシウムサルホアルミネートを主成分とするクリンカー粉末(アウイン系クリンカーと同義)10〜40重量%にポルトランドセメントクリンカー粉末20〜50重量%、II型無水せっこう5〜35重量%、生石灰および/または消石灰5〜25重量%、ソーダ灰又は炭酸ナトリウム0.1〜2.5を混合して速硬型固化材が製造されるとしているが、この特許では、アウイン系クリンカーについて詳細な検討が行われておらず、ソーダ灰又は炭酸ナトリウムのような微量添加物で速硬性を高めているが、微量成分の混合では品質がバラツキやすく、かつ2段階混合などが必要となるため、製造上のロスが大きくなり、結果的にコスト高になる。このため、微量成分を必要としない速硬性のアウイン系クリンカーが望まれる。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、建設汚泥の固化処理に際して優れた速硬性を示し、且つ多量の産業廃棄物を利用して製造できる、ビーライト・アウイン系固化材を用いた建設汚泥の処理方法の提供を目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本願発明者らは、ビーライト・アウイン系クリンカーのフリーライム(以下、f・CaOと称す)量を低減することにより、建設汚泥を処理した場合の速硬性が改良されること、また、原料として数種の産業廃棄物の利用が可能であること、さらに上記ビーライト・アウイン系クリンカーに無機材料微粉末を添加して製造できることを見出し、本願処理方法の発明に至った。すなわち、本発明は、石灰石、珪石、鉄精鉱、石炭灰、廃石こうボード及び廃アルミナを含む原料を、1200〜1350℃で焼成して、ビーライト(2CaO・SiO2)、アウイン(3CaO・3Al2O3.CaSO4)、II型無水石こう及びフェライト相(4CaO・Al2O3・Fe2O3)を必須成分とし、ビーライト量が30〜60重量%、アウイン量が15〜25重量%であり、フリーライム(f・CaO)量が2重量%未満であるクリンカーを得る工程と、クリンカーに石灰石微粉末を混合し建設汚泥用固化材を調製する工程と、建設汚泥用速硬型固化材と建設汚泥とを混合し建設汚泥を固化処理する工程と、固化処理した建設汚泥を搬出する工程とを含むことを特徴とする建設汚泥の処理方法に関する。以下に本発明について詳細に説明する。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いる固化材に供するクリンカーは、石灰石、珪石、ボーキサイト、石こう等の天然原料を主原料として、ビーライト、アウイン、II型無水石こう、フェライト相及びf・CaO量が所定の割合になる様に調合・焼成して得ることができる。また、天然原料の代わりに廃アルミナ、高炉スラグ等の鉄鋼スラグ、鉄精鉱、廃石こうボード、加圧流動床灰等の石炭灰等の産業廃棄物も使用することができる。産業廃棄物を利用するに際し、それぞれの原料のスペックについては特に限定されないが、未燃カーボンは、焼成時に炉内を還元雰囲気にすることから、石こうの分解温度を低下させると共に亜硫酸ガスを発生させるため、その含有量は少ないことが好ましい。また、焼成後クリンカー組成が、好ましい範囲に在る様に使用廃棄物種に応じて、配合割合を変えることが望ましい。
【0006】
都市ゴミ焼却灰、下水汚泥、製紙スラッジ、上水ケーキも本発明に用いる固化材の原料として利用できるが、この様に、廃棄物を有効利用して固化材を製造できることから、本発明は、環境に優しい処理方法と言うことができる。
【0007】
各原料の調合割合は、クリンカーの主要成分であるビーライト、アウイン、II型無水石こう、フェライト相の含有量により決められ、特にビーライト量を30〜60重量%、アウイン量を15〜25重量%、f・CaO量を2重量%未満となる様に調整する。
【0008】
ビーライトは、長期強度発現性に優れているため、何れの場合にも、30重量%以上が必要であるが、60重量%より大となると速硬性成分の含有量が低くなりすぎる。アウインは、初期強度発現性に関与するエトリンガイト(3CaO・Al2O3・3CaSO4・32H2O)生成に欠かせない成分であることから、15重量%以上とするが、25重量%より大になると、長期強度発現性が低下する。
【0009】
また、f・CaOは、アウインからエトリンガイトを多量に生成させるためには必要な成分であるが、建設汚泥では速硬性を低下させることから、クリンカー中のf・CaO量は極力少なくすることが必要であり、2重量%未満とする。
原料を、f・CaOが生成しない組成に調合した場合にも、クリンカーの焼成過程でf・CaOが生じるため、後述の様に、f・CaO量を2重量%未満とするためには、原料の粒度や焼成時の温度に留意する必要が在る。クリンカー製造時の各原料の粒度は、80μm残分がない様に粉砕して調製することが好ましい。これ以下の粒度への粉砕はコストが高くなり、また、これより粗い場合は、焼成時に未反応物として残り、結果としてf・CaO量が多くなり、速硬性が発現しなくなり好ましくない。
【0010】
クリンカーの焼成は、原料を調合した後、セメント製造用ロータリーキルンやトンネル電気炉などで行うことが出来る。焼成温度は、1200〜1350℃とする。1200℃未満ではf・CaO量が2重量%以上となり、1350℃より高い温度では石こうが分解し、また、クリンカーの溶融による造粒物の付着(コーチング)が発生する。焼成時間は、投入原料が全て反応するに十分な時間である30分程度に設定するのが好ましい。また、焼成後は、ビーライト結晶相の変化によるダスティング(粉化)を防ぐため、できるだけ速い速度で急冷するのが望ましい。
【0011】
生成クリンカーの粉砕は、チューブミルやローラーミル等のセメントの粉砕に一般的に使用される装置により行うことができる。粉砕物の粉末度は、ブレーン比表面積で2000〜5000cm2/gが好ましい。2000cm2/g以下では活性が低下して長期強度が得られ難く、一方、5000cm2/g以上ではコスト高になるからである。
【0012】
本発明の処理方法では、上述の方法で調製したアウイン含有量の高いクリンカーに無機材料微粉末を添加して得る。添加される無機材料微粉末としては、石灰石微粉末が使用できる。これらは約3時間以前の強度発現性に効果はないが、本発明に用いる固化材に供するクリンカーと組合せることによって速硬性固化材を得ることができる。その添加量は、固化材中のアウイン含有量が15重量%以上、ビーライト含有量が30重量%以上となるように設定する。アウイン系クリンカーは製造時、コーティングトラブル等のため生産効率が低いが、この方法により少量のクリンカーから多量の速硬性固化材を作ることができる。また、アウイン量の多いクリンカーは、廃アルミナや廃石こうボードの使用量が多い。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、具体的例を示し本発明を更に詳しく説明する。
(1)クリンカーの製造
各原料を表1に示す配合比で調合して原料組成物を得た。なお、原料は何れも80μm残分が無い様に粉砕したものを用いた。
調合後の原料は、箱型電気炉を用いて1200℃、1250℃、1300℃或いは1350℃の温度で30分間焼成した後、炉外に取り出し急冷してアウイン系クリンカーを得た。なお、原料No.Bは比較用にf・CaOを多量生成するよう調合したものである。
得られたクリンカーの化学組成を表2に示す。
【0014】
【表1】
【0015】
【表2】
【0016】
表2から、焼成温度は1200℃以上にしないと、f・CaO量を2重量%未満にするのが困難であることが分かる。1100℃では、焼成時間を45分と長くしても、fCaO量は4.9重量%であり、焼成時間よりも焼成温度の影響が大きいことを示している。
【0017】
(2)固化材調製及び固化試験(実施例1、参考例1〜4、比較例1〜3)
表2に示されたクリンカーの内、H1、H2及びJ3についてボールミルによりブレーン比表面積約4000cm2/gまで粉砕し、またはこの粉砕物に無機材料微粉末を添加して、それぞれ実施例1、参考例1〜4並びに比較例1及び2に示される固化材を調製し、含水比100.6%、液性限界64.0%の建設汚泥の固化試験を実施した。固化材の添加量は、対象土に対して140kg/m3とした。固化試験の結果を表3に示す。表3には、市販のポルトランドセメント系の汎用固化材を用いた場合の固化処理例が比較例3として示されている。
【0018】
【表3】
【0019】
表3に示すように、実施例1、参考例1〜4の固化材は、平ダンプトラックでの運搬が可能な50kN/m2以上(厚生省「建設廃棄物処理ガイドライン」)の一軸圧縮強度を材齢30分で示した。これに対し、f・CaO量の多いビーライト・アウイン系固化材である比較例1及び2の固化材は、初期の圧縮強度が低く、平ダンプトラックで運搬するには1日程度の養生が必要である。また、比較例3に示す汎用固化材ででも、同様に初期強度発現性が悪い。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明の処理方法に用いる固化材は、建設汚泥を処理後直ちに利用あるいは平ダンプトラックでの搬出を可能とすることから、早い復旧が必要とされる都市部における建設現場での利用価値が高い。また、原材料として、石灰石の他に各種の産業廃棄物を利用できることから、環境負荷低減型の処理方法となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention rapidly solidifies construction sludge, which is a highly water-containing construction generated soil in excavation construction work such as shield construction, which is manufactured using a large amount of industrial waste, and can be used on-site or flat dumped quickly. The present invention relates to a method for treating environmental sludge-reducing construction sludge having a characteristic that enables transportation by truck.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Solidification treatment of construction sludge is generally performed in cement, lime, polymer, and composite systems (cement-polymer system, lime-polymer system). Of these, general-purpose solidification materials mainly composed of Portland cement are generally used as cement-based solidification materials. However, since general-purpose solidification materials have a low strength development property, they are temporarily placed for several hours or more to wait for strength development. Without it, the treated soil cannot be reused or taken out.
However, in emergency construction or construction in urban areas, it is difficult to secure a place for temporary storage, and because construction has a great impact on transportation, etc., construction needs to be promptly restored. At the same time, it is required to be improved and used on site or to be carried out.
Strength development is improved by increasing the addition amount of the solidifying material, but a general-purpose solidifying material is not preferable because the addition amount becomes extremely large and the amount of treated soil increases. In addition, solidification is required to be able to be re-excavated on the premise of excavation by repairing buried objects, etc., but long-term strength is too high if a large amount of general-purpose solidifying material is added, and re-excavation is not possible. Problems are also undesirable. In order to eliminate this drawback, an Au-in solidified material having fast curing has been developed. For example, Japanese Patent No. 2802972 discloses a clinker powder (synonymous with Auin-based clinker) containing 10 to 40% by weight of calcium sulfoaluminate, 20 to 50% by weight of Portland cement clinker powder, type II anhydrous gypsum 5 -35 wt%, quick lime and / or slaked lime 5-25 wt%, soda ash or sodium carbonate 0.1-2.5 is mixed to produce a quick-hardening solidified material. The clinker has not been studied in detail, and its quick-hardness has been improved with a small amount of additive such as soda ash or sodium carbonate. As a result, a manufacturing loss increases, resulting in an increase in cost. For this reason, a fast-curing Auin clinker that does not require trace components is desired.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating construction sludge using belite / auin-based solidified material , which exhibits excellent rapid hardness during solidification treatment of construction sludge and can be produced using a large amount of industrial waste. To do.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
By reducing the amount of free lime (hereinafter referred to as f · CaO) of the belite-auin clinker, the inventors of the present application improve the quick-hardness when treating construction sludge. It has been found that several types of industrial waste can be used, and that it can be produced by adding fine inorganic material powder to the above-mentioned belite-auin clinker, leading to the invention of the present processing method . That is, in the present invention, a raw material containing limestone, silica, iron concentrate, coal ash, waste gypsum board and waste alumina is fired at 1200 to 1350 ° C., and belite (2CaO · SiO 2 ), Auin (3CaO · 3Al 2 O 3 .CaSO 4 ), type II anhydrous gypsum and ferrite phase (4CaO · Al 2 O 3 · Fe 2 O 3 ) as essential components, the amount of belite is 30 to 60% by weight, and the amount of auin is 15 to 25 A process for obtaining a clinker having a weight percent of free lime (f · CaO) of less than 2% by weight, a process for preparing a solidified material for construction sludge by mixing limestone fine powder with the clinker, and a rapid hardening for construction sludge The present invention relates to a method for treating construction sludge, comprising a step of solidifying construction sludge by mixing mold-solidifying material and construction sludge, and a step of carrying out the solidified construction sludge . The present invention is described in detail below.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The clinker provided for the solidifying material used in the present invention is mainly composed of natural raw materials such as limestone, quartzite, bauxite, gypsum, etc., and belite, Auin, type II anhydrous gypsum, ferrite phase and f · CaO amount are in a predetermined ratio. In this way, it can be obtained by mixing and baking. Moreover, industrial wastes such as coal ash such as steel slag such as waste alumina and blast furnace slag, iron concentrate, waste gypsum board and pressurized fluidized bed ash can be used instead of natural raw materials. Upon utilizing industrial waste, but there is no particular limitation on each of the raw material specifications, unburned carbon, since the furnace to a reducing atmosphere at firing, to generate a sulfurous acid gas with reducing the decomposition temperature of the gypsum Therefore, the content is preferably small. In addition, it is desirable to change the blending ratio according to the type of waste used so that the clinker composition after firing is in a preferred range.
[0006]
Municipal waste incineration ash, sewage sludge, paper sludge, but clean water cake can also be used as a raw material of the solidified material to be used in the present invention, in this way, because it can produce a solidifying material by effectively utilizing the waste, this onset Ming It can be said that it is an environmentally friendly treatment method .
[0007]
The blending ratio of each raw material is determined by the contents of belite, Auin, type II anhydrous gypsum and ferrite phase, which are the main components of clinker, and in particular, the belite content is 30 to 60% by weight and the amount of Auin is 15 to 25%. %, it adjusts the f · CaO amount so as to be less than 2 wt%.
[0008]
Belite is excellent in long-term strength development, in any case, it is necessary to more than 30 wt%, the content of large when it comes to fast curing component that too low than 60 wt%. Auin, since the initial strength development is a component indispensable to ettringite (3CaO · Al 2 O 3 · 3CaSO 4 · 32H 2 O) generated involved, but shall be the 15 wt% or more, than 25 wt% becomes a large, long-term strength development is it decrease.
[0009]
In addition, f · CaO is a necessary component for producing a large amount of ettringite from Auin. However, construction sludge reduces the fast setting, so the amount of f · CaO in the clinker must be reduced as much as possible. And less than 2% by weight.
Even when the raw material is formulated into a composition that does not generate f · CaO, f · CaO is generated during the clinker firing process. As described later, in order to reduce the amount of f · CaO to less than 2% by weight, It is necessary to pay attention to the particle size and temperature during firing. The particle size of each raw material at the time of clinker production is preferably prepared by grinding so that there is no residue of 80 μm. Grinding to a particle size of less than this is expensive, and if it is coarser than this, it remains as an unreacted substance at the time of firing, and as a result, the amount of f · CaO increases, resulting in an unfavorable rapid hardening.
[0010]
The clinker can be fired in a rotary kiln for cement production or a tunnel electric furnace after the raw materials are prepared. Firing temperature, and 1200 to 1350 ° C.. F · CaO amount becomes 2% by weight or more is less than 1200 ° C., decomposed gypsum at temperatures above 1350 ° C., also, adhesion of granules by melt clinker (coating) is that occur. The firing time is preferably set to about 30 minutes, which is a sufficient time for all the raw materials to react. In addition, after firing, it is desirable to rapidly cool as fast as possible in order to prevent dusting due to a change in the belite crystal phase.
[0011]
The generated clinker can be pulverized by an apparatus generally used for pulverizing cement such as a tube mill or a roller mill. The fineness of the pulverized product is preferably 2000 to 5000 cm 2 / g in terms of Blaine specific surface area. This is because the activity decreases and long-term strength is difficult to obtain at 2000 cm 2 / g or less, while the cost increases at 5000 cm 2 / g or more.
[0012]
In the processing method of the present invention, that obtained by adding the inorganic material fine powder Auin high content clinker prepared by the method described above. As the inorganic material fine powder to be added, limestone fine powder can be used. Although these have no effect on strength development before about 3 hours, a fast-hardening solidified material can be obtained by combining with a clinker provided for the solidified material used in the present invention . Amount of that is solidified Auin content in material is 15 wt% or more, to set as belite content is 30 wt% or more. The production efficiency of Auin-based clinker is low due to coating trouble at the time of production, but a large amount of fast-curing solidified material can be made from a small amount of clinker by this method. In addition, clinker with a large amount of auin uses a large amount of waste alumina and waste gypsum board.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with specific examples.
(1) Manufacture of clinker Each raw material was prepared at the mixing ratio shown in Table 1 to obtain a raw material composition. In addition, the raw material used what was grind | pulverized so that there might be no 80 micrometer residue.
The raw material after blending was baked for 30 minutes at a temperature of 1200 ° C., 1250 ° C., 1300 ° C. or 1350 ° C. using a box-type electric furnace, then taken out of the furnace and rapidly cooled to obtain an auin clinker. In addition, raw material No. B is prepared to produce a large amount of f · CaO for comparison.
The chemical composition of the obtained clinker is shown in Table 2.
[0014]
[Table 1]
[0015]
[Table 2]
[0016]
From Table 2, it can be seen that unless the firing temperature is set to 1200 ° C. or higher, it is difficult to make the amount of f · CaO less than 2% by weight. At 1100 ° C., even if the firing time is increased to 45 minutes, the amount of fCaO is 4.9% by weight, indicating that the influence of the firing temperature is greater than the firing time.
[0017]
(2) Solidification material preparation and solidification test (Example 1, Reference Examples 1-4 , Comparative Examples 1-3)
Of the clinker shown in Table 2, it was ground to H1, H2 and Blaine specific surface area by a ball mill for J3 about 4000 cm 2 / g, or with the addition of inorganic material powder to the pulverized product, Example 1, Reference The solidification materials shown in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were prepared, and a solidification test of construction sludge having a water content ratio of 100.6% and a liquid limit of 64.0% was performed. The addition amount of the solidifying material was 140 kg / m 3 with respect to the target soil. The results of the solidification test are shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows an example of solidification treatment when a commercially available Portland cement-based general-purpose solidification material is used as Comparative Example 3.
[0018]
[Table 3]
[0019]
As shown in Table 3, the solidified materials of Example 1 and Reference Examples 1 to 4 have a uniaxial compressive strength of 50 kN / m 2 or more (Ministry of Health and Welfare “Construction Waste Disposal Guidelines”) that can be transported by flat dump truck It was shown at the age of 30 minutes. In contrast, the solidified materials of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 which are belite / auin-based solidified materials having a large amount of f · CaO have a low initial compressive strength, and are cured for about one day to be transported by a flat dump truck. is necessary. Further, even with the general-purpose solidifying material shown in Comparative Example 3, the initial strength development is similarly poor.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
The solidified material used in the treatment method of the present invention can be used immediately after the construction sludge is treated or carried out by a flat dump truck, and thus has a high utility value at a construction site in an urban area where quick recovery is required . Moreover, since various industrial wastes can be used as raw materials in addition to limestone, it becomes a treatment method with reduced environmental load.
Claims (1)
前記クリンカーに石灰石微粉末を混合し建設汚泥用速硬型固化材を調製する工程と、
前記建設汚泥用速硬型固化材と建設汚泥とを混合し前記建設汚泥を固化処理する工程と、
前記固化処理した建設汚泥を搬出する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする建設汚泥の処理方法。 Raw materials containing limestone, quartzite, iron concentrate, coal ash, waste gypsum board and waste alumina are fired at 1200 to 1350 ° C. to belite (2CaO · SiO 2 ), Auin (3CaO · 3Al2O 3 .CaSO 4 ). , Type II anhydrous gypsum and ferrite phase (4CaO.Al 2 O 3 .Fe 2 O 3 ) as essential components, the belite content is 30-60% by weight, the ain amount is 15-25% by weight, free Obtaining a clinker in which the amount of lime (f · CaO) is less than 2% by weight ;
A step of mixing a limestone fine powder with the clinker to prepare a fast-curing solidification material for construction sludge ;
A step of solidifying the construction sludge by mixing the fast-curing solidification material for construction sludge and construction sludge;
A step of carrying out the solidified construction sludge;
A method for treating construction sludge, comprising:
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CN105753279A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-07-13 | 武汉美丽东方环保有限公司 | Silt/sludge solidifying agent and application thereof |
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JP7061415B2 (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2022-04-28 | Ube株式会社 | Cement composition, its manufacturing method, and ground improvement method |
JP6941018B2 (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2021-09-29 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Solidifying material |
JP7278070B2 (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2023-05-19 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Rapid hardening material |
JP7190702B2 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2022-12-16 | 宇部マテリアルズ株式会社 | dehydration accelerator |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105753279A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-07-13 | 武汉美丽东方环保有限公司 | Silt/sludge solidifying agent and application thereof |
CN105753279B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2018-05-22 | 武汉美丽东方环保有限公司 | A kind of silt/sludge solidifying agent and its application method |
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