JP4447198B2 - Angiogenesis inhibitor, cell growth inhibitor, tube formation inhibitor, FGF inhibitor and food or food additive containing tocotrienol as an active ingredient - Google Patents
Angiogenesis inhibitor, cell growth inhibitor, tube formation inhibitor, FGF inhibitor and food or food additive containing tocotrienol as an active ingredient Download PDFInfo
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- JP4447198B2 JP4447198B2 JP2002020908A JP2002020908A JP4447198B2 JP 4447198 B2 JP4447198 B2 JP 4447198B2 JP 2002020908 A JP2002020908 A JP 2002020908A JP 2002020908 A JP2002020908 A JP 2002020908A JP 4447198 B2 JP4447198 B2 JP 4447198B2
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- tocotrienol
- inhibitor
- food
- fgf
- angiogenesis
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、トコトリエノールを有効成分とする血管新生阻害剤、細胞増殖阻害剤、管腔形成阻害剤及び繊維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)阻害剤に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
血管新生とは、既存の血管から新しい血管が形成される現象であり、次のステップよりなる。(1)血管新生因子が内皮細胞に血管新生シグナルを伝達し、内皮細胞が近傍の基底膜と細胞外基質を消化する。(2)血管内皮細胞が遊走し、増殖する。(3)血管内皮細胞が管腔を形成(血管新生)し、毛細血管網を形成する。この血管新生は固形腫瘍や糖尿病性網膜症、慢性関節リウマチ、血管腫、歯周病、強皮症、緑内障、乾癬、加齢黄斑変性症などの病変において発症・進行するときに発生することが観察され、それぞれの病態の進展を助長すると考えられている。上記各種疾患の治療及び予防のため、様々な血管新生阻害剤が開発されているが、未だ、実用化されたものはなく、副作用のない安全な血管新生阻害作用を有する化合物の探索が望まれている。
【0003】
ところで、トコフェロール又はその誘導体を有効成分として含有する分子量47キロダルトンの熱ショックタンパク質の合成抑制剤が知られている(特開平9−40556号公報)。上記誘導体にはトコトリエノール同族体、すなわち、α−,β−,γ−及びδ−トコトリエノールが含まれている。この発明は、肝硬変や強皮症などの細胞外マトリックス産生の病態を示す病気の治療を意図しており、これらの病気に伴う線維化がコラーゲンの合成の増加にあること、及び前記熱ショックタンパク質の発現の増大につれてコラーゲンの合成も増加することが示されている。更に、血管新生においても基底膜中のコラーゲン合成が重要な役割を果たすことを指摘し、この合成抑制剤が、血管新生の異常増殖に基づく疾患、すなわち、糖尿病性網膜症、緑内障、リューマチ性関節炎等にも有効であるとしている。しかしながら、この発明では、ビタミンEであるα−トコフェロールが特に好ましいとしており、α−トコフェロールのみが実施例で示されている。トコトリエノールについては、単に列挙されているにとどまり、その具体的内容は全く示されていない。
【0004】
一方、トコフェロール類には血管新生阻害作用がないと言われていたが、本発明者らも本明細書において後述する比較実験により確認している。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、安全性に問題がなく、α−トコフェロールよりはるかにすぐれた血管新生阻害作用、細胞増殖阻害作用、管腔形成阻害作用及びFGF阻害作用を発揮する阻害剤を提供し、もって、血管新生の異常増殖に基づく疾患の治療に寄与することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するべく鋭意検討の結果、トコトリエノールが、特にβ−,γ−及びδ−トコトリエノールがα−トコフェロールよりはるかにすぐれた血管新生阻害作用、細胞増殖阻害作用、管腔形成阻害作用及びFGF阻害作用を有することを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明は、
β−、γ−又はδ−トコトリエノールを有効成分とする糖尿病性網膜症、網膜静脈閉塞症、未熟児網膜症、加齢黄斑変性症、緑内症、又は強皮症治療剤
γ−又はδ−トコトリエノールを有効成分とする糖尿病性網膜症、網膜静脈閉塞症、未熟児網膜症、加齢黄斑変性症、緑内症、慢性関節リウマチ、又は強皮症治療剤
を提供するものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
トコトリエノールには、α−トコトリエノール、β−トコトリエノール、γ−トコトリエノール及びδ−トコトリエノールの4つの同族体がある。これらはいずれも血管新生阻害作用、細胞増殖阻害作用、管腔形成阻害作用及びFGF阻害作用を発揮するが、α−トコトリエノールに比べてβ−トコトリエノール、γ−トコトリエノール及びδ−トコトリエノールが格段に大きな作用を発揮する。これらのトコトリエノールはいずれもL−体とD−体があるが、これらはいずれも使用することができ、更に上記4種の同族体の2以上の混合物であってもよい。この場合、α−トコトリエノールは、混合物中に有効成分であるβ−トコトリエノール、γ−トコトリエノール及び/又はδ−トコトリエノールの有効量が存在していれば、共存していても、存在していなくても良いものである。従って、天然由来の原料から抽出・分離した後にα−トコトリエノールが含まれていても相互作用により効果が相殺されることがないので特に制限する必要はない。むしろ、医薬としての効果、服用・摂取のし易さ、精製を繰り返すことによるコストの面から、混合物に含まれるα−トコトリエノールの使用量を選択すれば良い。
【0009】
また、上記トコトリエノールは、生体内でトコトリエノールを遊離することができるエステルの形態であってもよい。このエステルは、好ましくは、飽和又は不飽和脂肪酸とのエステルである。
【0010】
トコトリエノールは、天然物の圧搾、天然物からの抽出、合成などの方法で得られる。一般的には、ヤシ科植物の果皮及び/又は種子から抽出される。天然物の抽出物から得られるトコトリエノールは複数のトコトリエノール同族体の混合物である。
【0011】
天然物からは公知の方法に従って製造することができる。例えば、抽出物に水を加えて分離し、油層分をカラムクロマトグラフィーで分離精製してトコフェロール類を全く含まないか、または痕跡程度に含むトコトリエノールを調製することができる。各トコトリエノール同族体の比率及び含量は、常法に従って、例えば、液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)などにて測定することができる。
【0012】
トコトリエノールの各同族体は、α−トコトリエノール、β−トコトリエノール、γ−トコトリエノール、δ−トコトリエノールとして市販されている。
【0013】
又は、常法により、抽出濃縮したトコトリエノールを更にカラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、α−トコトリエノール、β−トコトリエノール、γ−トコトリエノール及びδ−トコトリエノールの各成分に単離精製することができる。
【0014】
本発明の各阻害剤はトコトリエノールのみからなるものであってもよく、用途等に応じた他の成分を含むものであってもよい。この他の成分の例としては水やパーム油を挙げることができる。水やパーム油の使用量は剤形により異なり特に限定されるものではないが、成分中に有効成分であるβ−トコトリエノール、γ−トコトリエノール、δ−トコトリエノールの有効量が存在していれば任意の比率で含むことができる。例えば、液剤として用いる場合は、0.01〜99重量%、好ましくは0.01〜90重量%である。
【0015】
本発明の各阻害剤はそれぞれの阻害作用が効果を発揮する疾患の治療剤及び予防剤として使用することができる。この対象となる疾患は、発症メカニズムにより異なるが、血管新生阻害剤は、固形腫瘍、糖尿病性網膜症、網膜静脈閉塞症、未熟児網膜症、加齢黄斑変性症、血管新生緑内症、慢性関節リウマチ、血管腫、歯周病、強皮症、乾癬等であり、細胞増殖阻害剤は、固形腫瘍、糖尿病性網膜症、慢性関節リウマチ、血管腫、歯周病、強皮症、緑内障、乾癬、加齢黄班変性症等であり、管腔形成阻害剤は、固形腫瘍、糖尿病性網膜症、慢性関節リウマチ、血管腫、歯周病、強皮症、緑内障、乾癬、加齢黄班変性症等であり、FGF阻害剤は、FGFによる皮膚細胞の増殖、血管新生、細胞増殖が過剰に活性化されることを防ぐので、固形腫瘍、糖尿病性網膜症、慢性関節リウマチ、血管腫、強皮症、緑内障、乾癬、加齢黄班変性症等に有効である。
【0016】
これらの治療剤及び予防剤は、ヒト以外の動物、例えば、牛、馬、豚、羊等の家畜用哺乳類、鶏、ウズラ、ダチョウ等の家禽類、は虫類、鳥類或いは小型哺乳類等のペット類、養殖魚類等にも用いることができる。
【0017】
本発明の製薬組成物は、常法により、例えば、錠剤、舌下錠、丸剤、坐剤、散剤、粉剤、細粒剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、マイクロカプセル剤、注射剤、乳剤、貼付剤などの形態に製剤化することができる。例えば、錠剤は薬理的に受容しうる担体と均一に混合して打錠することにより、また、散剤、粉剤、顆粒剤は薬剤と担体とを溶液又は懸濁液とし、常法により、例えば、噴霧乾燥法又は凍結乾燥法などにより乾燥することにより製造できる。
【0018】
散剤、粉剤、細粒剤、顆粒剤、錠剤はラクトース、グルコース、スクロース、マンニトールなどの賦形剤、でんぷん、アルギン酸ソーダなどの崩壊剤、マグネシウムステアレート、タルクなどの滑沢剤、ポリビニルアルコール、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ゼラチンなどの結合剤、脂肪酸エステルなどの表面活性剤、グリセリンなどの可塑剤などを用いて製造できる。
【0019】
本発明の製剤組成物には必要ならばさらに他の抗酸化剤を添加してもよい。抗酸化剤は特に限定されるものでなく、抗酸化作用を有するものであれば適用可能である。例えば、レチノール、3,4−ジデヒドロレチノールなどのビタミンA類、ビタミンB、D−アスコルビン酸、L−アスコルビン酸などのビタミンC類、α−トコフェロール、β−トコフェロール、γ−トコフェロール、δ−トコフェロール、酢酸ビタミンE、コハク酸ビタミンEなどのビタミンE類、リン酸ビタミンE類、コエンザイムQ、フラボノイド、タンニン、エラグ酸、ポリフェノール類、ラジカル阻止剤、ヒドロペルオキシド分解剤、金属キレート剤、活性酸素除去剤、α−カロチン、β−カロチン、γ−カロチン、及びδ−カロチンを含むカロチン類、トコキノン、及びこれらの薬学的に許容できる塩、並びにそれらの混合物からなる群から1種または2種以上選択することができる。
【0020】
注射剤は、有効成分を必要に応じてpH調製剤、緩衝剤、溶解剤、懸濁剤等、張化剤、安定化剤、防腐剤などの存在下、常法により製剤化することができる。
【0021】
また、必要に応じて、常法により凍結乾燥製剤とすることができる。
【0022】
懸濁剤としては、例えば、ポリソルベート80、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ナトリウムカルボキシルメチルセルロース、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート、アラビアガム、粉末トラガントなどを挙げることができる。溶解剤としては、例えば、ポリソルベート80、水添ポリオキシエチレンヒマシ油、ニコチン酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート、マクロゴール、ヒマシ油脂肪酸エチルエステルなどを挙げることができる。安定化剤としては、例えば亜硫酸ナトリウム、メタ亜硫酸ナトリウムなどを挙げることができる。防腐剤としては、例えば、p−ヒドロキシ安息香酸メチル、p−ヒドロキシ安息香酸エチル、ソルビン酸、フェノール、クレゾール、クロロクレゾールなどを挙げることができる。
【0023】
本発明の各阻害剤におけるβ−,γ−又はδ−トコトリエノールの含有量(2種以上の場合は合計量)は0.01〜99重量%、好ましくは1〜99重量%の量で含有させることができる。
【0024】
本発明の各阻害剤の投与量は、病気の種類、患者の年齢、性別、体重、症状の程度、又は投与方法などにより異なり、特に制限はないが、通常成人1人当り30〜3000mg程度、好ましくは100〜3000mg程度を、1日1〜4回程度にわけて、経口的に又は非経口的に投与する。
【0025】
本発明に用いられるトコトリエノールは、急性毒性はもちろん目立った慢性毒性も認められない安全なものであることが知られている(例えば、特開昭58−96021号公報)。
【0026】
本発明の有効成分を食品に利用する場合、上記のトコトリエノールのβ−,γ−,δ−トコトリエノールの各異性体の有効量及びそれらの混合物のいずれかを適宜組み合わせて使用することができる。トコトリエノールは、そのままの形態、オイル等に希釈した形態、乳液状形態食、又は食品業界で一般的に使用される担体を添加した形態等のものを調製してもよい。
【0027】
乳液状形態のものは、例えば、油相部にトコトリエノール又はその混合物を添加し、更にグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、グリセロール、デキストリン、ナタネ油、大豆油、コーン油等の液状の脂肪を加え、水相部にL−アスコルビン酸或いはそのエステル又は塩、例えばローカストビーンガム、アラビアガム又はゼラチン等のガム質、例えばヘスペリジン、ルチン、ケルセチン、カテキン、チアニジン等のフラボノイド類又はポリフェノール類或いはその混合物等を添加し、乳化することによって調製できる。
【0028】
飲料の形態は、非アルコール飲料又はアルコール飲料である。非アルコール飲料としては、例えば、炭酸系飲料、果汁飲料、ネクター飲料等の非炭酸系飲料、清涼飲料、スポーツ飲料、茶、コーヒー、ココア等、又、アルコール飲料の形態ではリキュール、薬用酒等の一般食品の形態を挙げることができる。
【0029】
飲食物としては、具体的には以下のものを例示することができる。洋菓子類(プリン、ゼリー、グミキャンディー、キャンディー、ドロップ、キャラメル、チューインガム、チョコレート、ペストリー、バタークリーム、カスタードグリーム、シュークリーム、ホットケーキ、パン、ポテトチップス、フライドポテト、ポップコーン、ビスケット、クラッカー、パイ、スポンジケーキ、カステラ、ワッフル、ケーキ、ドーナツ、ビスケット、クッキー、せんべい、おかき、おこし、まんじゅう、あめ等)、乾燥麺製品(マカロニ、パスタ)、卵製品(マヨネーズ、生クリーム)、飲料(機能性飲料、乳酸飲料、乳酸菌飲料、濃厚乳性飲料、果汁飲料、無果汁飲料、果肉飲料、透明炭酸飲料、果汁入り炭酸飲料、果実着色炭酸飲料)、嗜好品(緑茶、紅茶、インスタントコーヒー、ココア、缶入りコーヒードリンク)、乳製品(アイスクリーム、ヨーグルト、コーヒー用ミルク、バター、バターソース、チーズ、発酵乳、加工乳)、ペースト類(マーマレード、ジャム、フラワーペースト、ピーナッツペースト、フルーツペースト、果実のシロップ漬け)、畜肉製品(ハム、ソーセージ、ベーコン、ドライソーセージ、ビーフジャーキー、ラード)、魚介類製品(魚肉ハム、魚肉ソーセージ、蒲鉾、ちくわ、ハンペン、魚の干物、鰹節、鯖節、煮干し、うに、いかの塩辛、スルメ、魚のみりん干し、貝の干物、鮭等の燻製品)、佃煮類(小魚、貝類、山菜、茸、昆布)、カレー類(即席カレー、レトルトカレー、缶詰カレー)、調味料剤(みそ、粉、末みそ、醤油、粉末醤油、もろみ、魚醤、ソース、ケチャップ、オイスターソース、固形ブイヨン、焼き肉のたれ、カレールー、シチューの素、スープの素、だしの素、ペースト、インスタントスープ、ふりかけ、ドレッシング、サラダ油)、揚げ製品(油揚げ、油揚げ菓子、即席ラーメン)、豆乳、マーガリン、ショートニング等を挙げることができる。
【0030】
上記飲食物は、トコトリエノールを常法に従って、一般食品の原料と配合することにより、加工製造することができる。
【0031】
上記飲食物へのトコトリエノールの配合量は食品の形態により異なり特に限定されるものではないが、通常は0.001〜10%が好ましい。トコトリエノールの使用量は、トコトリエノールとして血管新生の発症又は進行を抑制するのに1日当り、必要な量だけ含まれるように調製する。現在知られている限り成人1日摂取量当りトコトリエノールとして10〜3,000mg、好ましくは100〜1,000mgであるが、その量は、食品の形態により使用者が適宜選択できる。
【0032】
上記飲食物は、機能性食品、栄養補助食品或いは健康食品類としても用いることができる。その形態は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、食品の製造例としては、アミノ酸バランスのとれた栄養価の高い乳蛋白質、大豆蛋白質、卵アルブミン等の蛋白質、これらの分解物、卵白のオリゴペプチド、大豆加水分解物等の他、アミノ酸単体の混合物等を、常法に従って使用することができる。又、ソフトカプセル、タブレット等の形態で利用することもできる。
【0033】
栄養補助食品或いは機能性食品の例としては、糖類、脂肪、微量元素、ビタミン類、乳化剤、香料等が配合された流動食、半消化態栄養食、成分栄養食、ドリンク剤、カプセル剤、経腸栄養剤等の加工形態を挙げることができる。上記各種食品には、例えば、スポーツドリンク、栄養ドリンク等の飲食物は、栄養バランス、風味を良くするために、更にアミノ酸、ビタミン類、ミネラル類等の栄養的添加物や甘味料、香辛料、香料、色素等を配合することもできる。
【0034】
本発明の薬剤の有効成分であるトコトリエノールを安定化させるために抗酸化剤、例えば、トコフェロール、L−アスコルビン酸、BHA、ローズマリー抽出物等を常法に従って併用することができる。
【0035】
本発明の飲食物は、家畜、家禽、ペット類の飼料用に応用することができる。例えば、ドライドッグフード、ドライキャットフード、ウェットドッグフード、ウェットキャットフード、セミモイストドックフード、養鶏用飼料、牛、豚等の家畜用飼料に配合することができる。飼料自体は、常法に従って調製することができる。
【0036】
【実施例】
先ず、実施例に用いた、使用細胞、培養条件、使用サンプル〔トコトリエノール、トコトリエノールの各同族体、α−トコフェロール及び繊維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)〕について、又、これらのサンプルの使用方法について説明する。
【0037】
尚、MTTは2−4,3−(4,5−ジメチルチアゾール−2−イル)−2,5−ジフェニルテトラゾリウムプロミド、LDHはLactate Dehy drogenase、MEMはミニマム エッセンシャル メディウムの略である。又、WSTは2−(4−Iodophenyl)−3−(4−nitrophenyl)−5−(2,4−disulfophenyl)−2−H−tetrazolium monosodium saltの略である。
【0038】
(1) 使用細胞
正常ウシ大動脈由来内皮細胞(Normal Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cell:BAEC)は、セルシステムズ社製のものを大日本製薬株式会社より購入した。
【0039】
(2) 培養条件
細胞を、10%(v/v)ウシ血清(FBS)とペニシリン−ストレプトマイシン(各20IU/ml)を加えたMEM(Sigma)(以下、MEM+10%FBS)を用いて1×105細胞/mlとなるように調製し、I型コラーゲンでコートしてある60mmディッシュを用いて、5%CO2インキュベーター(37℃)で培養し、2〜3日おきに継代した。
【0040】
(3) 使用サンプル
(3−1) トコトリエノール混合物:
トコトリエノールの成分が、α−トコトリエノール18.9重量%、γ−トコトリエノール22.6重量%、δ−トコトリエノール1.2重量%、α−トコフェロール0.0重量%、その他45.3重量%(主に水又はパーム油)のものを用いた。
【0041】
(3−2) トコトリエノール同族体:
市販のα−トコトリエノール、β−トコトリエノール、γ−トコトリエノール、及びδ−トコトリエノール(商品名『Tocotrienol』,DL−体,CALBIOCHEM社製)をエタノールに溶解して用いた。
【0042】
(3−3) α−トコフェロール:
市販のα−トコフェロール(Wako社製)をエタノールに溶解して用いた。
【0043】
(3−4) 繊維芽細胞成長因子(Fibroblast Growth Factor:FGF):
市販品(Sigma社製)をMEM(Sigma社製)に溶解して用いた。
【0044】
上記の各サンプルは、2%(v/v)ウシ血清(FBS)とペニシリン−ストレプトマイシン(各20IU/ml)を加えたMEM(以下、MEM+2%FBS)中に含ませて用いた。
【0045】
実施例1〜5 トコトリエノールがBAEC細胞増殖に及ぼす効果
MTTアッセイにより、BAECの細胞増殖への影響を見た。
コンフルエントに増殖したBAECをトリプシン処理し、MEM+10%FBSを用いて1×104細胞/mlの浮遊液とした。96穴マイクロプレート(4枚)に細胞を100μl/wellで播種した後、CO2インキュベーター内で一晩インキュベートした。各well内の培養液を除去して、サンプルを含む培地(MEM+2%FBS)100μlに交換し、インキュベートを続けた。96時間後のものについては、48時間後に一度、培地を交換した。サンプル入り培地を加えてから0、24、48、96時間後に、それぞれのマイクロプレートを取り出し、MTT溶液〔3mg/ml PBS(−)〕を50μl/wellで添加した後、CO2インキュベーター内で3時間インキュベートした。PBS(−)を各wellいっぱいに加えた後、液を吸引した後、0.04mol/l塩酸を含むイソプロピルアルコールを200μlずつ加えた。暗所に一晩置いた後、マイクロプレートリーダーを用い、各wellについて595nm及び655nm(dual)の吸光度を測定した。
【0046】
サンプルとしてトコトリエノール混合物、DL−α−トコトリエノール、DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノールを用いてMTTアッセイを行った。サンプル無添加のものを対照群Aとした。
【0047】
比較例1
前記実施例1のDL−α−トコトリエノールをα−トコフェロールに代えた以外は実施例1と同様にしてアッセイした。
【0048】
上記実施例1〜5及び比較例1のサンプルの種類、使用量、アッセイ時間及びその結果を表1に示す。
尚、表中、n=8、MTTアッセイの結果はMean±SEで示す。
【0049】
【表1】
【0050】
DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノールは10μM添加により阻害作用が見られる。
【0051】
一方、DL−α−トコトリエノールは10μM添加では、対照群に比べると同等であった。また、α−トコフェロールは100μM添加でも改善が観察されなかった。
【0052】
実施例6〜11 トコトリエノールのFGF阻害試験
FGF活性に及ぼすトコトリエノール混合物、DL−α−トコトリエノール、DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノールの効果を前記実施例1〜5と同様にしてMTTアッセイにて試験した。サンプル無添加のものを対照群Bとした。
【0053】
実施例6〜11のサンプルの種類と使用量、インキュベート時間及びその結果を表2に示す。
【0054】
比較例2
実施例7のDL−α−トコトリエノールに代えてα−トコフェロールを用いて以下実施例7と同様にして試験した。
【0055】
比較例2のサンプルの種類、使用量及びインキュベートした時間及びその結果は表2に示す。
尚、表中、n=8、MTTアッセイの結果はMean±SEで示す。
【0056】
【表2】
【0057】
実施例12〜14 血管新生のアッセイ
BAECを2層のI型コラーゲンゲル間で培養し、形成された管腔様網目構造を評価した。
【0058】
コンフルエントに増殖したBAECをトリプシン処理し、MEM+10%FBSを用いて1×105細胞/1.5mlの浮遊液とした。I型コラーゲンでコートしてある12穴マイクロプレートに1.5ml/wellで細胞を播種した後、CO2インキュベーター内で一晩インキュベートした。以下の試薬をチューブに入れ、氷冷下ですばやく混ぜた〔Vitrogen collagen(collagen社)8vol,0.1N NaOH 1vol,×10MEM(GIBCO BRL)1vol〕。培養液を吸引除去し、上記で調製したコラーゲンを0.5ml/wellで細胞上に分注した。これをCO2インキュベーター内に約30分置いてゲル化させた。サンプルを含むmedium(MEM+2%FBS)1.5mlを加え、その後1日おきにmedium交換しながらインキュベートを続けた。
【0059】
細胞の変化を顕微鏡で観察し、写真撮影し、管腔を形成している細胞の分岐数を数えることで、管腔形成について評価した。
【0060】
実施例12〜14のサンプルの種類、使用量およびその結果(管腔形成細胞数/cm2)は表3に示す。サンプル無添加のものを対照群Cとした。
尚、表中、n=4、管腔形成細胞数/cm2の結果はMean±SEで示す。
【0061】
【表3】
【0062】
上記結果からトコトリエノールを2μM以上使用することにより、管腔形成細胞数が減少し、25μMの添加量では管腔形成細胞が全く見られないことが分かる。
【0063】
実施例15〜20 管腔形成阻害試験
前記実施例12〜14のトコトリエノール混合物に代えて、DL−α−トコトリエノール、DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノールを用いて、以下前記実施例12と同様にして管腔形成阻害試験を行った。
【0064】
実施例15〜20のサンプルの種類、使用量及びその結果(管腔形成細胞数/cm2)は表4に示す。サンプル無添加のものを対照群Dとした。
尚、表中、n=4、管腔形成細胞数/cm2の結果はMean±SEで示す。
【0065】
比較例3
上記実施例15のDL−α−トコトリエノールに代えてα−トコフェロールを用いて、以下前記実施例15と同様にして管腔形成阻害試験を行った。
【0066】
比較例3のサンプルの種類、使用量及びその結果(管腔形成細胞数/cm2)は表4に示す。
【0067】
【表4】
【0068】
上記表4の結果から、DL−δ−トコトリエノールは10μMの添加量で管腔形成を完全に阻害し、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、及びトコトリエノール混合物も管腔形成を充分に阻害した。DL−α−トコトリエノールは10μMの添加量では対照群に比べて同等であったが添加量を増加させると30μM以上では管腔形成を阻害し、50μMでは完全に阻害した。一方、比較例として用いたα−トコフェロールは100μMの添加量でも管腔形成を阻害しなかった。
【0069】
実施例21〜26 FGFにより誘発される管腔形成の阻害試験
FGFにより誘発される管腔形成をトコトリエノール混合物、DL−α−トコトリエノール、DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノールが阻害するか試験した。サンプル無添加のものを対照群Eとした。FGFはトコトリエノールと同時に加えた。
【0070】
実施例21〜26のサンプルの種類、添加量、その結果(管腔形成細胞数/cm2)は表5に示す。
尚、表中、n=4、管腔形成細胞数/cm2の結果はMean±SEで示す。
【0071】
比較例4
実施例22のDL−α−トコトリエノールに代えてα−トコフェロールを用いた以外は実施例22と同様にして試験した。
【0072】
比較例4サンプルの種類、添加量、その結果(管腔形成細胞数/cm2)は表5に示す。
【0073】
【表5】
【0074】
表5の結果から、DL−α−トコトリエノール、DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノールはFGFに誘導される管腔形成を阻害することが分かる。特にDL−β−トコトリエノール及びDL−δ−トコトリエノールは10μMで管腔形成を完全に阻害した。
【0075】
実施例27〜29 LDH活性測定
サンプルによるBAECに対する細胞障害率を評価するために、培地中の遊離LDH活性をLDH−細胞毒性テスト(Wako社製)のキットを用いて測定した。
【0076】
コンフルエントに増殖したBAECをトリプシン処理し、MEM+10%FBSを用いて5×104細胞/mlの浮遊液とした。96穴マイクロプレートに、細胞を100μl/wellで播種した後、CO2インキュベーター内で一晩インキュベートした。各well内の培養液を除去してサンプルを含む培地(MEM+2%FBS)100μlに交換し、インキュベートを続けた。ネガティブコントロール(NC)としてMEM+2%FBSを、ポジティブコントロール(PC)としてMEM+2%FBSで溶解した0.2%Tween20を使用した。48時間後、well内の培地を50μlずつ別の新しいwellに移し、キットの発色試薬を50μlずつ加えた後、室温で45分間インキュベートした。0.5N HClを100μlずつ加えて反応を停止し、595nmの吸光度を測定し、以下に示す計算式により細胞障害率を求めた。
細胞障害率=(S−N)/(P−N)×100(%)
S=サンプルでの吸光度
N=ネガティブコントロールでの吸光度
P=ポジティブコントロールでの吸光度
【0077】
実施例27〜29のサンプルの種類、添加量、その結果〔細胞障害率(% of control)〕を表7に示す。サンプル無添加のものを対照群Fとした。
尚、表中、n=4、細胞障害率は、Mean±SEで示す。
【0078】
比較例5〜7
実施例27のトコトリエノール混合物に代えてα−トコフェロールを使用した以外は、実施例27と同様にして試験した。
【0079】
比較例5〜7のサンプルの種類、添加量、その結果〔細胞障害率(% of control)〕を表6に示す。
【0080】
【表6】
【0081】
表6の結果から、トコトリエノールの細胞障害作用がトコフェロールより強いことが分かる。
【0082】
実施例30〜34
前記実施例27のトコトリエノール混合物に代えて、DL−α−トコトリエノール、DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノールの各同族体を用いた以外は実施例27と同様にして細胞障害率(% of control)を求めた。実施例30〜34のサンプルの種類、添加量、その結果〔細胞障害率(% of control)〕を表8に示す。無添加のものを対照群Gとした。
尚、表中、n=5、細胞障害率(% of control)はMean±SEを示す。
【0083】
比較例8
前記実施例30のDL−α−トコトリエノールに代えてα−トコフェロールを使用した以外は実施例30と同様にして試験した。
【0084】
【表7】
【0085】
表7の結果から、DL−α−トコトリエノール、DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノールは細胞を傷害することがわかる。
【0086】
一方、α−トコフェロールは100μM投与しても対照群と同等であり、細胞障害作用はなかった。
【0087】
実施例35〜40
FGFに対するDL−α−トコトリエノール、DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノール及びトコトリエノール混合物の細胞障害作用を試験した。試験方法は、FGFを加えたほかは実施例27〜29に準じた。
【0088】
実施例35〜40のサンプルの種類及びその結果〔(細胞障害率(% of control)〕を表8に示す。サンプル無添加物を対照群Hとした。
尚、表中、n=4、細胞障害率(% of control)を示す。
【0089】
比較例9
前記実施例36のDL−α−トコトリエノールに代えてα−トコフェロールを用いた以外は実施例36と同様にして細胞障害率を求めた。
【0090】
実施例35〜40及び比較例9のサンプルの種類及びその結果〔細胞障害率(% of control)〕を表8に示す。
【0091】
【表8】
【0092】
FGFの細胞増殖、管腔形成及び細胞毒性に及ぼすトコトリエノールの影響を下記表にまとめた。
【0093】
【表9】
【0094】
表中、↑は促進、/は増加傾向、→は変化なし、↓は抑制、↓↓は強く抑制、−は毒性がない、+毒性がややある、++は毒性があることを示す。
【0095】
表9の結果から、トコトリエノール混合物、DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノールは、各10μMで管腔形成阻害効果(β=δ>γ)を示した。DL−α−トコトリエノールは前記管腔形成阻害試験の結果から使用量を10μM以上とすることにより管腔形成阻害効果が得られるものと考えられる。
【0096】
一方、α−トコフェロールは100μMでも阻害効果が認められなかった。
【0097】
実施例41〜60 トコトリエノールがBAEC細胞増殖に及ぼす効果
BAEC細胞増殖に対するトコトリエノールの影響を種々の濃度で検討した。この目的のため、細胞増殖の測定法としては従来法であるMTTの代わりに、高感度測定が可能なWST−1を用いて細胞生存能力を定量した。
【0098】
コンフルエントに増殖したBAECをトリプシン処理し、MEM+10%FBSを用いて、2×104細胞/mlの細胞浮遊液とした。I型コラーゲンでコートしてある96穴マイクロプレートに細胞を100μl/wellで播種した後、CO2インキュベーター内で24時間インキュベートした。ブランクとして細胞を播種せずに培地のみをインキュベートした。各well内の培養液を除去して、サンプルを含む培地(MEM+2%FBS)100μlに交換し、インキュベートを続けた。サンプル培地を加えてから24時間後に、マイクロプレートを取り出しWST−1溶液を10μl/wellで添加した後、CO2インキュベーター内でインキュベートした。3時間後、マイクロプレートリーダーを用い、各wellについて450nm及び655nm(dual)の吸光度を測定した。
【0099】
サンプルとしてDL−α−トコトリエノール、DL−β−トコトリエノール、DL−γ−トコトリエノール、DL−δ−トコトリエノールを用いてWST−1アッセイを行った。サンプル無添加のものを対照群Iとした。
【0100】
上記実施例41〜60のサンプルの種類、使用量及びその結果[細胞生存率(% of control)]を表10に示す。
細胞生存率=(S−B)/(C−B)×100(%)
S=サンプルの吸光度
C=対照群の吸光度
B=ブランクの吸光度
尚、表中、n=9、WST−1アッセイの結果はMean±SDで示す。
又、TCはトコトリエノールを示す。
【0101】
【表10】
【0102】
トコトリエノールは濃度依存な阻害作用を示した。さらに、DL−α−トコトリエノール<DL−γ−トコトリエノール<DL−β−トコトリエノール<DL−δ−トコトリエノールの順に強い阻害作用が見られた。つまり、トコトリエノールの内皮細胞増殖抑制効果は構造異性により大きく異なる。
【0103】
表10の結果を図示し、さらに、この図から50%増殖阻害濃度(IC50)を求めた。図の縦軸は% of control、横軸は濃度(μM)、−●−はDL−α−トコトリエノール、−■−はDL−β−トコトリエノール、−△−はDL−γ−トコトリエノール、−×−はDL−δ−トコトリエノールを示す。結果を表11に示す。
【0104】
【表11】
【0105】
製剤例1 錠剤
以下の組成を有する経口用錠剤を、常法により製造した。
トコトリエノール混合物 50mg
ラクトース 50mg
コーンスターチ 14mg
ポリビニルピロリドン 5mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1mg
【0106】
製剤例2 錠剤
以下の組成を有する経口用錠剤を、常法により製造した。
DL−β−トコトリエノール 50mg
ラクトース 50mg
コーンスターチ 14mg
ポリビニルピロリドン 5mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1mg
【0107】
製剤例3 筋肉用注射剤
DL−β−トコトリエノールの100mgを精製コーンオイル1mlに溶解して、筋注用注射剤とした。
【0108】
製剤例4 筋肉用注射剤
DL−δ−トコトリエノールの100mgを精製コーンオイル1mlに溶解して、筋注用注射剤とした。
【0109】
製剤例5 静注用注射剤
トコトリエノールの50mgをポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノステアレート5mgを用いて1mlの精製水に乳化分散させ、これにプロピルパラベン0.2mgを添加して、静注用注射剤とした。
【0110】
【発明の効果】
本発明によりトコトリエノールを有効成分とする血管新生阻害剤、細胞増殖阻害剤、管腔形成阻害剤及びFGF阻害剤を提供することができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 表1の数値を図示した。図の縦軸は% of control、横軸は濃度(μM)、−●−はDL−α−トコトリエノール、−■−はDL−β−トコトリエノール、−△−はDL−γ−トコトリエノール、−×−はDL−δ−トコトリエノールを示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an angiogenesis inhibitor, cell proliferation inhibitor, tube formation inhibitor and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) inhibition containing tocotrienol as an active ingredient. To the agent It is related.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Angiogenesis is a phenomenon in which new blood vessels are formed from existing blood vessels, and consists of the following steps. (1) Angiogenic factors transmit angiogenic signals to endothelial cells, and the endothelial cells digest the nearby basement membrane and extracellular matrix. (2) Vascular endothelial cells migrate and proliferate. (3) Vascular endothelial cells form a lumen (angiogenesis) to form a capillary network. This angiogenesis may occur when it develops or progresses in lesions such as solid tumors, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, hemangiomas, periodontal disease, scleroderma, glaucoma, psoriasis, age-related macular degeneration Observed and believed to promote the development of each disease state. Various angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed for the treatment and prevention of the above-mentioned various diseases, but none have been put into practical use yet, and it is desired to search for compounds having a safe angiogenesis inhibitory action without side effects. ing.
[0003]
By the way, a synthesis inhibitor of heat shock protein having a molecular weight of 47 kilodaltons containing tocopherol or a derivative thereof as an active ingredient is known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-40556). The derivatives include tocotrienol homologues, ie α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocotrienol. The present invention is intended for the treatment of diseases that exhibit extracellular matrix production such as cirrhosis and scleroderma, and that the fibrosis associated with these diseases is an increase in collagen synthesis, and the heat shock protein It has been shown that the synthesis of collagen increases with increasing expression of. Furthermore, it was pointed out that collagen synthesis in the basement membrane plays an important role in angiogenesis, and this synthesis inhibitor is a disease based on abnormal growth of angiogenesis, that is, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, rheumatoid arthritis It is said that it is also effective for etc. However, in the present invention, α-tocopherol, which is vitamin E, is particularly preferable, and only α-tocopherol is shown in the examples. Tocotrienols are only listed and their specific contents are not shown at all.
[0004]
On the other hand, although it was said that tocopherols have no angiogenesis inhibitory effect, the present inventors have also confirmed it by the comparative experiment mentioned later in this specification.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides an inhibitor exhibiting angiogenesis inhibitory action, cell growth inhibitory action, lumen formation inhibitory action, and FGF inhibitory action, which has no problem in safety and is far superior to α-tocopherol. It aims to contribute to the treatment of diseases based on neoplastic abnormal growth.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that tocotrienol, particularly β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol is much better than α-tocopherol, has an angiogenesis inhibitory action, cell growth inhibitory action, tube It has been found that it has a cavity formation inhibitory action and an FGF inhibitory action, and the present invention has been completed based on this finding.
[0007]
That is, the present invention
Diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma with β-, γ- or δ-tocotrienol as the active ingredient ,or Is a treatment for scleroderma
Diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, rheumatoid arthritis with γ- or δ-tocotrienol as an active ingredient ,or Is a treatment for scleroderma
Is to provide.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
There are four homologues of tocotrienol: α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol and δ-tocotrienol. These all exhibit angiogenesis inhibitory action, cell growth inhibitory action, tube formation inhibitory action, and FGF inhibitory action, but β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol and δ-tocotrienol are significantly more effective than α-tocotrienol. Demonstrate. All of these tocotrienols are in the L-form and D-form, and any of these can be used, and a mixture of two or more of the above-mentioned four homologues may be used. In this case, α-tocotrienol may be present or not present as long as an effective amount of β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol and / or δ-tocotrienol as active ingredients is present in the mixture. It ’s good. Therefore, even if α-tocotrienol is contained after extraction / separation from a naturally-derived raw material, the effect is not offset by the interaction, so there is no need to limit it. Rather, the amount of α-tocotrienol contained in the mixture may be selected from the standpoint of medicinal effects, ease of taking and ingesting, and costs due to repeated purification.
[0009]
The tocotrienol may be in the form of an ester capable of releasing tocotrienol in vivo. This ester is preferably an ester with a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid.
[0010]
Tocotrienol can be obtained by methods such as compression of natural products, extraction from natural products, and synthesis. In general, it is extracted from the peel and / or seed of a palm plant. Tocotrienol obtained from natural product extracts is a mixture of multiple tocotrienol homologs.
[0011]
It can be produced from a natural product according to a known method. For example, water can be added to the extract to separate it, and the oil layer can be separated and purified by column chromatography to prepare tocotrienol containing no or only traces of tocopherols. The ratio and content of each tocotrienol homologue can be measured by, for example, liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to a conventional method.
[0012]
Each homologue of tocotrienol is commercially available as α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, δ-tocotrienol.
[0013]
Alternatively, the extracted and concentrated tocotrienol can be further subjected to column chromatography, and can be isolated and purified to each component of α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol and δ-tocotrienol.
[0014]
Each inhibitor of the present invention may consist only of tocotrienol, or may contain other components depending on the application. Examples of other components include water and palm oil. The amount of water or palm oil used varies depending on the dosage form and is not particularly limited, but any effective amount of β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol, which are active ingredients, is present in the ingredients. Can be included in proportions. For example, when using as a liquid agent, it is 0.01 to 99 weight%, Preferably it is 0.01 to 90 weight%.
[0015]
Each inhibitor of the present invention can be used as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for diseases in which each inhibitory action exerts an effect. The target disease varies depending on the onset mechanism, but angiogenesis inhibitors are solid tumors, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, angiogenesis glaucoma, chronic Rheumatoid arthritis, hemangioma, periodontal disease, scleroderma, psoriasis, etc., cell growth inhibitors include solid tumors, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, hemangiomas, periodontal disease, scleroderma, glaucoma, Psoriasis, age-related macular degeneration, etc., and tube formation inhibitors include solid tumors, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, hemangiomas, periodontal disease, scleroderma, glaucoma, psoriasis, age-related macular FGF inhibitors prevent excessive activation of skin cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation by FGF, so that solid tumors, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, hemangiomas, Effective for scleroderma, glaucoma, psoriasis, age-related macular degeneration, etc.
[0016]
These therapeutic agents and preventive agents include non-human animals, for example, domestic mammals such as cattle, horses, pigs and sheep, poultry such as chickens, quails and ostriches, reptiles, birds and pets such as small mammals, It can also be used for cultured fish.
[0017]
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared by conventional methods, for example, tablets, sublingual tablets, pills, suppositories, powders, powders, fine granules, granules, capsules, microcapsules, injections, emulsions, patches. It can be formulated into a form such as an agent. For example, tablets are uniformly mixed with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier and compressed, and powders, powders, and granules are made into a solution or suspension of the drug and carrier in a conventional manner, for example, It can be produced by drying by spray drying or freeze drying.
[0018]
Powders, powders, fine granules, granules, tablets are excipients such as lactose, glucose, sucrose and mannitol, disintegrants such as starch and sodium alginate, lubricants such as magnesium stearate and talc, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxy It can be produced using a binder such as propylcellulose and gelatin, a surfactant such as fatty acid ester, and a plasticizer such as glycerin.
[0019]
If necessary, other antioxidants may be added to the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. The antioxidant is not particularly limited, and any antioxidant having an antioxidant action can be applied. For example, vitamin A such as retinol and 3,4-didehydroretinol, vitamin C such as vitamin B, D-ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol , Vitamin E such as vitamin E acetate, vitamin E succinate, vitamin E phosphate, coenzyme Q, flavonoids, tannins, ellagic acid, polyphenols, radical inhibitors, hydroperoxide decomposers, metal chelators, active oxygen removal One or more selected from the group consisting of agents, α-carotene, β-carotene, γ-carotene, and carotene including δ-carotene, tocoquinone, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and mixtures thereof can do.
[0020]
Injectables can be formulated by conventional methods in the presence of active ingredients, pH adjusters, buffers, solubilizers, suspensions, etc., tonicity agents, stabilizers, preservatives, etc. .
[0021]
Moreover, it can be set as a lyophilized formulation by a conventional method as needed.
[0022]
Examples of the suspending agent include polysorbate 80, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, gum arabic, and powdered tragacanth. Examples of the solubilizer include polysorbate 80, hydrogenated polyoxyethylene castor oil, nicotinamide, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, macrogol, and castor oil fatty acid ethyl ester. Examples of the stabilizer include sodium sulfite and sodium metasulfite. Examples of the preservative include methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sorbic acid, phenol, cresol, chlorocresol and the like.
[0023]
The content of β-, γ- or δ-tocotrienol in each inhibitor of the present invention (total amount in the case of two or more) is 0.01 to 99% by weight, preferably 1 to 99% by weight. be able to.
[0024]
The dose of each inhibitor of the present invention varies depending on the type of disease, the age, sex, weight, symptom of the patient, or the method of administration, and is not particularly limited, but is usually about 30 to 3000 mg per adult, Preferably, about 100 to 3000 mg is divided into about 1 to 4 times a day and orally or parenterally.
[0025]
It is known that the tocotrienol used in the present invention is safe without acute toxicity or obvious chronic toxicity (for example, JP-A-58-96021).
[0026]
When the active ingredient of the present invention is used in foods, any of the above-described tocotrienol β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol isomers and mixtures thereof can be used in appropriate combination. The tocotrienol may be prepared as it is, in a form diluted with oil or the like, a milk form meal, or a form to which a carrier generally used in the food industry is added.
[0027]
In the form of an emulsion, for example, tocotrienol or a mixture thereof is added to the oil phase part, and liquid such as glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, glycerol, dextrin, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, corn oil, etc. In the aqueous phase, L-ascorbic acid or its ester or salt, for example, gum such as locust bean gum, gum arabic or gelatin, for example, flavonoids such as hesperidin, rutin, quercetin, catechin, thianidine or polyphenols Or it can prepare by adding the mixture etc. and emulsifying.
[0028]
The form of the beverage is a non-alcoholic beverage or an alcoholic beverage. Examples of non-alcoholic beverages include non-carbonated beverages such as carbonated beverages, fruit juice beverages, and nectar beverages, soft drinks, sports beverages, tea, coffee, cocoa, etc. The form of general food can be mentioned.
[0029]
Specific examples of food and drink include the following. Pastry (pudding, jelly, gummy candy, candy, drop, caramel, chewing gum, chocolate, pastry, butter cream, custard cream, cream puff, hot cake, bread, potato chips, french fries, popcorn, biscuits, crackers, pie, sponge Cakes, castella, waffles, cakes, donuts, biscuits, cookies, rice crackers, rice crackers, rice cakes, manju, candy etc.), dried noodle products (macaroni, pasta), egg products (mayonnaise, fresh cream), beverages (functional beverages, Lactic acid beverages, lactic acid bacteria beverages, concentrated milk beverages, fruit juice beverages, fruitless beverages, pulp beverages, transparent carbonated beverages, carbonated beverages with fruit juice, fruit colored carbonated beverages), luxury products (green tea, tea, instant coffee, cocoa, canned Coffee ), Dairy products (ice cream, yogurt, coffee milk, butter, butter sauce, cheese, fermented milk, processed milk), pastes (marmalade, jam, flower paste, peanut paste, fruit paste, fruit syrup) , Livestock meat products (ham, sausage, bacon, dry sausage, beef jerky, lard), seafood products (fish meat ham, fish sausage, salmon, chikuwa, hampen, dried fish, bonito, bonito, boiled, sea urchin Salted fish, plums, dried fish, shellfish, salmon products), boiled fish (small fish, shellfish, wild vegetables, salmon, kelp), curry (instant curry, retort curry, canned curry), seasoning (Miso, powder, powdered miso, soy sauce, powdered soy sauce, moromi, fish sauce, sauce, ketchup, oyster sauce, solid bouillon, Meat sauce, curry roux, stew sauce, soup sauce, dashi stock, paste, instant soup, sprinkle, dressing, salad oil), fried products (fried food, fried confectionery, instant ramen), soy milk, margarine, shortening, etc. Can be mentioned.
[0030]
The said food and drink can be processed and manufactured by mix | blending tocotrienol with the raw material of a general food according to a conventional method.
[0031]
The amount of tocotrienol to be added to the food and drink varies depending on the form of the food and is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 0.001 to 10%. The amount of tocotrienol used is adjusted so as to be contained in an amount necessary for suppressing the onset or progression of angiogenesis as tocotrienol per day. As far as is known, it is 10 to 3,000 mg, preferably 100 to 1,000 mg as tocotrienol per daily intake for adults. The amount can be appropriately selected by the user depending on the form of food.
[0032]
The above food and drink can also be used as functional foods, nutritional supplements or health foods. The form is not particularly limited. Examples of food production include milk proteins with high amino acid balance, soy protein, proteins such as egg albumin, degradation products thereof, and egg white oligos. In addition to peptides, soybean hydrolysates, and the like, mixtures of amino acids alone can be used according to conventional methods. It can also be used in the form of a soft capsule, a tablet or the like.
[0033]
Examples of dietary supplements or functional foods include liquid foods, semi-digested nutritional foods, component nutritional foods, drinks, capsules, and sucrose containing sugars, fats, trace elements, vitamins, emulsifiers, and fragrances. Processing forms such as enteric nutrients can be mentioned. In the above-mentioned various foods, for example, foods and drinks such as sports drinks and nutritional drinks are further supplemented with nutritional additives such as amino acids, vitamins and minerals, sweeteners, spices and fragrances to improve nutritional balance and flavor. , Pigments and the like can also be blended.
[0034]
Medicine of the present invention Medicinal In order to stabilize the active ingredient tocotrienol, an antioxidant such as tocopherol, L-ascorbic acid, BHA, rosemary extract and the like can be used in combination according to a conventional method.
[0035]
The food and drink of the present invention can be applied to feed for livestock, poultry and pets. For example, it can mix | blend with livestock feeds, such as dry dog food, dry cat food, wet dog food, wet cat food, semi-moist dock food, poultry feed, cattle, and pigs. The feed itself can be prepared according to a conventional method.
[0036]
【Example】
First, used cells, culture conditions, used samples [tocotrienol, tocotrienol homologues, α-tocopherol and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)] used in the examples, and how to use these samples are described. To do.
[0037]
MTT is an abbreviation for 2-4,3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium promide, LDH is an abbreviation for lactate dehydrogenase, and MEM is an abbreviation for minimum essential medium. WST is an abbreviation for 2- (4-Iodophenyl) -3- (4-nitrophenyl) -5- (2,4-disulfophenyl) -2-H-tetrazoleum monosodium salt.
[0038]
(1) Cells used
Normal Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cell (BAEC) was purchased from Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. from Cell Systems.
[0039]
(2) Culture conditions
The cells were 1 × 10 using MEM (Sigma) (hereinafter, MEM + 10% FBS) supplemented with 10% (v / v) bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin-streptomycin (20 IU / ml each). Five Using a 60 mm dish prepared to be cells / ml and coated with type I collagen, 5% CO 2 The cells were cultured in an incubator (37 ° C.) and passaged every 2 to 3 days.
[0040]
(3) Samples used
(3-1) Tocotrienol mixture:
The component of tocotrienol is 18.9% by weight of α-tocotrienol, 22.6% by weight of γ-tocotrienol, 1.2% by weight of δ-tocotrienol, 0.0% by weight of α-tocopherol, and 45.3% by weight of other (mainly Water or palm oil).
[0041]
(3-2) Tocotrienol homologue:
Commercially available α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol (trade name “Tocotrienol”, DL-form, manufactured by CALBIOCHEM) were used by dissolving them in ethanol.
[0042]
(3-3) α-Tocopherol:
Commercially available α-tocopherol (manufactured by Wako) was dissolved in ethanol and used.
[0043]
(3-4) Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF):
A commercially available product (manufactured by Sigma) was dissolved in MEM (manufactured by Sigma) and used.
[0044]
Each of the above samples was used by being contained in MEM (hereinafter, MEM + 2% FBS) supplemented with 2% (v / v) bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin-streptomycin (20 IU / ml each).
[0045]
Examples 1-5 Effect of tocotrienol on BAEC cell proliferation
The effect of BAEC on cell proliferation was observed by MTT assay.
Confluent BAECs are trypsinized and 1 × 10 × using MEM + 10% FBS Four Cells / ml suspension was used. After seeding cells in a 96-well microplate (4 plates) at 100 μl / well, CO 2 Incubated overnight in incubator. The culture solution in each well was removed and replaced with 100 μl of medium containing the sample (MEM + 2% FBS), and the incubation was continued. For those after 96 hours, the medium was changed once after 48 hours. At 0, 24, 48, and 96 hours after adding the sample-containing medium, each microplate was taken out, MTT solution [3 mg / ml PBS (−)] was added at 50 μl / well, and then CO 2 was added. 2 Incubated for 3 hours in incubator. After PBS (-) was added to each well, the liquid was aspirated, and 200 μl of isopropyl alcohol containing 0.04 mol / l hydrochloric acid was added. After being placed in the dark overnight, the absorbance at 595 nm and 655 nm (dual) was measured for each well using a microplate reader.
[0046]
MTT assay was performed using tocotrienol mixture, DL-α-tocotrienol, DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol, DL-δ-tocotrienol as samples. The control group A was added with no sample.
[0047]
Comparative Example 1
The assay was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that DL-α-tocotrienol in Example 1 was replaced with α-tocopherol.
[0048]
Table 1 shows the sample type, amount used, assay time, and results of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1.
In the table, n = 8, and the results of MTT assay are shown as Mean ± SE.
[0049]
[Table 1]
[0050]
DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol, and DL-δ-tocotrienol have an inhibitory effect when added at 10 μM.
[0051]
On the other hand, DL-α-tocotrienol was equivalent to the control group when added at 10 μM. In addition, no improvement was observed in α-tocopherol even when 100 μM was added.
[0052]
Examples 6-11 Tocotrienol FGF Inhibition Test
The effects of tocotrienol mixture, DL-α-tocotrienol, DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol, DL-δ-tocotrienol on FGF activity were tested in the MTT assay in the same manner as in Examples 1-5. The control group B was added with no sample.
[0053]
Table 2 shows the types and amounts of the samples used in Examples 6 to 11, the incubation time, and the results.
[0054]
Comparative Example 2
A test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 7 except that α-tocopherol was used instead of DL-α-tocotrienol in Example 7.
[0055]
Table 2 shows the sample type, amount used, incubation time, and results of Comparative Example 2.
In the table, n = 8, and the results of MTT assay are shown as Mean ± SE.
[0056]
[Table 2]
[0057]
Examples 12-14 Angiogenesis Assay
BAEC was cultured between two layers of type I collagen gel, and the formed lumen-like network structure was evaluated.
[0058]
Confluent BAECs are trypsinized and 1 × 10 × using MEM + 10% FBS Five Cells / 1.5 ml suspension. After seeding cells at 1.5 ml / well in a 12-well microplate coated with type I collagen, CO 2 Incubated overnight in incubator. The following reagents were placed in a tube and mixed quickly under ice cooling [Vitrogen collagen (collagen) 8 vol, 0.1 N NaOH 1 vol, × 10 MEM (GIBCO BRL) 1 vol]. The culture solution was removed by suction, and the collagen prepared above was dispensed onto the cells at 0.5 ml / well. This is CO 2 The gel was placed in an incubator for about 30 minutes. 1.5 ml of medium (MEM + 2% FBS) containing the sample was added, and then the incubation was continued while changing the medium every other day.
[0059]
The changes in the cells were observed with a microscope, photographed, and the number of branching cells forming the lumen was counted to evaluate the lumen formation.
[0060]
Sample types, usage amounts and results of Examples 12 to 14 (number of lumen-forming cells / cm 2 ) Is shown in Table 3. The control group C was the one with no sample added.
In the table, n = 4, number of lumen forming cells / cm 2 The results are expressed as Mean ± SE.
[0061]
[Table 3]
[0062]
From the above results, it can be seen that by using 2 μM or more of tocotrienol, the number of lumen-forming cells decreases, and no lumen-forming cells are seen at an addition amount of 25 μM.
[0063]
Examples 15 to 20 Tube formation inhibition test
In place of the tocotrienol mixture of Examples 12 to 14, DL-α-tocotrienol, DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol and DL-δ-tocotrienol were used in the same manner as in Example 12 below. A cavity formation inhibition test was conducted.
[0064]
Sample types, usage amounts and results of Examples 15 to 20 (number of lumen-forming cells / cm 2 ) Is shown in Table 4. The control group D was the one with no sample added.
In the table, n = 4, number of lumen forming cells / cm 2 The results are expressed as Mean ± SE.
[0065]
Comparative Example 3
Using α-tocopherol instead of DL-α-tocotrienol in Example 15 above, a tube formation inhibition test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 15 below.
[0066]
Sample type, amount used and results of Comparative Example 3 (number of lumen-forming cells / cm 2 ) Is shown in Table 4.
[0067]
[Table 4]
[0068]
From the results of Table 4 above, DL-δ-tocotrienol completely inhibited tube formation at an addition amount of 10 μM, and DL-γ-tocotrienol and the tocotrienol mixture sufficiently inhibited tube formation. DL-α-tocotrienol was equivalent to the control group at the addition amount of 10 μM, but when the addition amount was increased, tube formation was inhibited at 30 μM or more and completely inhibited at 50 μM. On the other hand, α-tocopherol used as a comparative example did not inhibit tube formation even at an addition amount of 100 μM.
[0069]
Examples 21-26 Inhibition test of lumen formation induced by FGF
It was tested whether tocotrienol mixture, DL-α-tocotrienol, DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol, DL-δ-tocotrienol inhibits FGF-induced tube formation. The control group E was added with no sample. FGF was added at the same time as tocotrienol.
[0070]
Sample types, addition amounts, and results of Examples 21 to 26 (number of lumen-forming cells / cm 2 ) Is shown in Table 5.
In the table, n = 4, number of lumen forming cells / cm 2 The results are expressed as Mean ± SE.
[0071]
Comparative Example 4
The test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 22 except that α-tocopherol was used instead of DL-α-tocotrienol in Example 22.
[0072]
Comparative Example 4 Sample type, amount added, and results (number of lumen-forming cells / cm 2 ) Is shown in Table 5.
[0073]
[Table 5]
[0074]
From the results in Table 5, it can be seen that DL-α-tocotrienol, DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol, and DL-δ-tocotrienol inhibit FGF-induced lumen formation. In particular, DL-β-tocotrienol and DL-δ-tocotrienol completely inhibited tube formation at 10 μM.
[0075]
Examples 27 to 29 LDH activity measurement
In order to evaluate the cytotoxic rate against BAEC by the sample, free LDH activity in the medium was measured using a kit of LDH-cytotoxicity test (manufactured by Wako).
[0076]
Confluent BAEC were trypsinized and 5 × 10 5 using MEM + 10% FBS. Four Cells / ml suspension was used. After seeding the cells in a 96-well microplate at 100 μl / well, CO 2 Incubated overnight in incubator. The culture solution in each well was removed and replaced with 100 μl of medium containing the sample (MEM + 2% FBS), and the incubation was continued. 0.2
Cell damage rate = (S−N) / (P−N) × 100 (%)
S = absorbance at the sample
N = absorbance in negative control
P = absorbance with positive control
[0077]
Table 7 shows the types and addition amounts of the samples of Examples 27 to 29, and the results (% of control). The control group F was added with no sample.
In the table, n = 4 and the cytotoxic rate is expressed as Mean ± SE.
[0078]
Comparative Examples 5-7
The test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 27 except that α-tocopherol was used instead of the tocotrienol mixture of Example 27.
[0079]
Table 6 shows the types and amounts of samples of Comparative Examples 5 to 7, and the results [% of control].
[0080]
[Table 6]
[0081]
From the results in Table 6, it can be seen that the cytotoxic action of tocotrienol is stronger than that of tocopherol.
[0082]
Examples 30-34
Instead of the tocotrienol mixture of Example 27, DL-α-tocotrienol, DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol, and DL-δ-tocotrienol homologs were used in the same manner as in Example 27. The cell damage rate (% of control) was determined. Table 8 shows the types and addition amounts of the samples of Examples 30 to 34, and the results (% of control). The additive-free group was designated as control group G.
In the table, n = 5 and the cell damage rate (% of control) represents Mean ± SE.
[0083]
Comparative Example 8
The test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 30 except that α-tocopherol was used instead of DL-α-tocotrienol in Example 30.
[0084]
[Table 7]
[0085]
From the results in Table 7, it can be seen that DL-α-tocotrienol, DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol, and DL-δ-tocotrienol damage cells.
[0086]
On the other hand, α-tocopherol was equivalent to the control group even when administered at 100 μM, and had no cytotoxic effect.
[0087]
Examples 35-40
The cytotoxic effects of DL-α-tocotrienol, DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol, DL-δ-tocotrienol and tocotrienol mixtures on FGF were tested. The test method was the same as in Examples 27 to 29 except that FGF was added.
[0088]
The types of samples of Examples 35 to 40 and the results [(Cytotoxicity rate (% of control)]] are shown in Table 8. The sample-free additive was used as control group H.
In the table, n = 4 and the cell damage rate (% of control) is shown.
[0089]
Comparative Example 9
The cytotoxic rate was determined in the same manner as in Example 36 except that α-tocopherol was used instead of DL-α-tocotrienol in Example 36.
[0090]
Table 8 shows the types of the samples of Examples 35 to 40 and Comparative Example 9 and the results [% cytotoxicity (% of control)].
[0091]
[Table 8]
[0092]
The effects of tocotrienol on FGF cell proliferation, tube formation and cytotoxicity are summarized in the table below.
[0093]
[Table 9]
[0094]
In the table, ↑ indicates acceleration, / indicates an increasing tendency, → indicates no change, ↓ indicates suppression, ↓↓ indicates strong suppression, − indicates no toxicity, + somewhat toxicity, and ++ indicates toxicity.
[0095]
From the results in Table 9, the tocotrienol mixture, DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol, and DL-δ-tocotrienol showed a tube formation inhibitory effect (β = δ> γ) at 10 μM each. DL-α-tocotrienol is considered to have a lumen formation inhibitory effect when the amount used is 10 μM or more based on the results of the tube formation inhibition test.
[0096]
On the other hand, α-tocopherol showed no inhibitory effect even at 100 μM.
[0097]
Examples 41-60 Effect of tocotrienol on BAEC cell proliferation
The effect of tocotrienol on BAEC cell proliferation was examined at various concentrations. For this purpose, cell viability was quantified using WST-1 capable of highly sensitive measurement instead of MTT, which is a conventional method, for measuring cell proliferation.
[0098]
Confluent BAEC were trypsinized and 2 × 10 2 using MEM + 10% FBS Four Cells / ml of cell suspension was used. After seeding cells at 100 μl / well in a 96-well microplate coated with type I collagen, CO 2 Incubated for 24 hours in incubator. Only the medium was incubated without seeding the cells as a blank. The culture solution in each well was removed and replaced with 100 μl of medium containing the sample (MEM + 2% FBS), and the incubation was continued. 24 hours after adding the sample medium, the microplate was taken out and the WST-1 solution was added at 10 μl / well, and then CO 2 was added. 2 Incubated in incubator. After 3 hours, the absorbance at 450 nm and 655 nm (dual) was measured for each well using a microplate reader.
[0099]
WST-1 assay was performed using DL-α-tocotrienol, DL-β-tocotrienol, DL-γ-tocotrienol, and DL-δ-tocotrienol as samples. The control group I was the one with no sample added.
[0100]
Table 10 shows the sample types, the amounts used, and the results [cell survival rate (% of control)] of Examples 41 to 60.
Cell viability = (SB) / (CB) × 100 (%)
S = absorbance of sample
C = absorbance of control group
B = Absorbance of blank
In the table, n = 9 and the results of WST-1 assay are shown as Mean ± SD.
TC represents tocotrienol.
[0101]
[Table 10]
[0102]
Tocotrienol showed concentration-dependent inhibitory action. Furthermore, a strong inhibitory action was observed in the order of DL-α-tocotrienol <DL-γ-tocotrienol <DL-β-tocotrienol <DL-δ-tocotrienol. That is, the inhibitory effect of tocotrienol on endothelial cell proliferation varies greatly depending on structural isomerism.
[0103]
The results of Table 10 are illustrated, and from this figure, 50% growth inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) In the figure, the vertical axis represents% of control, the horizontal axis represents concentration (μM), − ● − represents DL-α-tocotrienol, − ■ − represents DL-β-tocotrienol, −Δ− represents DL-γ-tocotrienol, − × − Indicates DL-δ-tocotrienol. The results are shown in Table 11.
[0104]
[Table 11]
[0105]
Formulation Example 1 Tablet
An oral tablet having the following composition was produced by a conventional method.
Tocotrienol mixture 50mg
Lactose 50mg
Corn starch 14mg
Polyvinylpyrrolidone 5mg
Magnesium stearate 1mg
[0106]
Formulation Example 2 Tablet
An oral tablet having the following composition was produced by a conventional method.
DL-β-Tocotrienol 50mg
Lactose 50mg
Corn starch 14mg
Polyvinylpyrrolidone 5mg
Magnesium stearate 1mg
[0107]
Formulation Example 3 Injection for muscle
100 mg of DL-β-tocotrienol was dissolved in 1 ml of purified corn oil to give an injection for intramuscular injection.
[0108]
Formulation Example 4 Injection for muscle
100 mg of DL-δ-tocotrienol was dissolved in 1 ml of purified corn oil to give an injection for intramuscular injection.
[0109]
Formulation Example 5 Injection for intravenous injection
50 mg of tocotrienol was emulsified and dispersed in 1 ml of purified water using 5 mg of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, and 0.2 mg of propylparaben was added thereto to give an injection for intravenous injection.
[0110]
【The invention's effect】
Angiogenesis inhibitor, cell growth inhibitor, tube formation inhibitor and FGF inhibition containing tocotrienol as an active ingredient according to the present invention Agent Could be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 illustrates the numerical values in Table 1. In the figure, the vertical axis represents% of control, the horizontal axis represents concentration (μM), − ● − represents DL-α-tocotrienol, − ■ − represents DL-β-tocotrienol, −Δ− represents DL-γ-tocotrienol, − × − Indicates DL-δ-tocotrienol.
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JP2005348725A (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-12-22 | Chikuno Shokuhin Kogyo Kk | Tocotrienol-containing low-cholesterol poultry egg |
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