JP4443906B2 - Metal complex and dye-sensitized solar cell using the same - Google Patents
Metal complex and dye-sensitized solar cell using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP4443906B2 JP4443906B2 JP2003407869A JP2003407869A JP4443906B2 JP 4443906 B2 JP4443906 B2 JP 4443906B2 JP 2003407869 A JP2003407869 A JP 2003407869A JP 2003407869 A JP2003407869 A JP 2003407869A JP 4443906 B2 JP4443906 B2 JP 4443906B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- metal complex
- dye
- preparation
- solar cell
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Fee Related
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- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 ammonium carboxylate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 claims description 5
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 49
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 46
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 32
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 17
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 9
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KXCAEQNNTZANTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N stannane Chemical compound [SnH4] KXCAEQNNTZANTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000080 stannane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SCAKSBRUOMUBFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [6-(aminomethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC(CN)=N1 SCAKSBRUOMUBFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC=C1 FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 0 CC=CCCN=C(C)* Chemical compound CC=CCCN=C(C)* 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 3
- NXSFXTCLCJXWDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,6-dibromopyridine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC(Br)=NC(Br)=C1 NXSFXTCLCJXWDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QUTSYCOAZVHGGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)pyridine Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC(CBr)=N1 QUTSYCOAZVHGGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEJJXCRFGURPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-4-methyl-6-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC(C=2N=C(Br)C=C(C)C=2)=C1 UEJJXCRFGURPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BCAKXXUSKLOITC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-4-nonadecylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=NC(Br)=C1 BCAKXXUSKLOITC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUTXZJNJVMRJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-6-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=C(Br)C=C(C=2)C(O)=O)=C1 JUTXZJNJVMRJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFFBQUWFHUXPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nonadecylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=NC(N)=C1 MFFBQUWFHUXPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMOIOBOWJASTRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nonadecylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=NC=C1 UMOIOBOWJASTRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GCTFWCDSFPMHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tributyltin chloride Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](Cl)(CCCC)CCCC GCTFWCDSFPMHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005997 bromomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- JWWGPSIXULKWJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-bromo-6-(4-ethoxycarbonylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=C(Br)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OCC)=C1 JWWGPSIXULKWJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORBQEFJMHGVQEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-oxononadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)OCC ORBQEFJMHGVQEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- FGYAALRCBALVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl-(2-methyl-1H-pyridin-2-yl)stannane Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)C1(C)NC=CC=C1 FGYAALRCBALVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- NYYLZXREFNYPKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[ethoxy(methyl)phosphoryl]oxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(C)(=O)OCC NYYLZXREFNYPKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNTGIJLWHDPAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromohexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCBr HNTGIJLWHDPAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUQPJRPDRDVQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorooctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCl VUQPJRPDRDVQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZTSOGYCXBVMMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-1-propylimidazole;hydroiodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[NH+]1C=C(C)N=C1C SZTSOGYCXBVMMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRCVPOCFOUYRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibromo-4-hexadecylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(Br)=NC(Br)=C1 FRCVPOCFOUYRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHBIPNNTWKNAGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibromo-4-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC(Br)=NC(Br)=C1 OHBIPNNTWKNAGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXGYYDRIMBPOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethoxy)ethoxymethanol Chemical compound OCOCCOCO BXGYYDRIMBPOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZMMYHLDBMXKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-2-methyl-1h-pyridine Chemical compound CC1(Br)NC=CC=C1 FZMMYHLDBMXKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URJJNFYJMQIDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-4-hexadecyl-6-(4-nonadecylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=NC(C=2N=C(Br)C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=2)=C1 URJJNFYJMQIDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBTKGKVQEXAYEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromopyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(Br)=C1 YBTKGKVQEXAYEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRGYYQCOWUULNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-oxo-1h-pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)NC(O)=C1C#N YRGYYQCOWUULNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDGHGISNBRCAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1O WVDGHGISNBRCAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRWAPLTWCQQSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=C1C(O)=O ZRWAPLTWCQQSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUIMDJFBHNDZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 UUIMDJFBHNDZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNQRTGFXLPJUKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hexadecyl-2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1h-pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(O)=NC(O)=C1C#N LNQRTGFXLPJUKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNYKJZGMVARMFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hexadecyl-6-hydroxy-1h-pyridin-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(O)=NC(O)=C1 VNYKJZGMVARMFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTUHLHGBSWYUMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-pentacosan-13-ylpyridine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=NC=C1 UTUHLHGBSWYUMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJHVYGVVMBYCMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-1h-pyridin-2-one Chemical compound CC=1C=C(O)NC(=O)C=1 JJHVYGVVMBYCMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDPUJZKUHBYZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1C(=C=O)C=C(N=C1Br)Br Chemical compound C1C(=C=O)C=C(N=C1Br)Br SDPUJZKUHBYZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWMZCYUJRKJVFT-FNORWQNLSA-N CCC/C(/Br)=N\C Chemical compound CCC/C(/Br)=N\C PWMZCYUJRKJVFT-FNORWQNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQIAPUNYZLFQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC.OC.C1=CC=NC=C1 Chemical compound OC.OC.C1=CC=NC=C1 WQIAPUNYZLFQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004744 butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGJMPUGMZIKDRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CC#N DGJMPUGMZIKDRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](=O)OCC LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MDKXBBPLEGPIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;methanol Chemical compound OC.CCOCC MDKXBBPLEGPIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBNQZJXLQLUESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-bromopyridine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=NC(Br)=C1 SBNQZJXLQLUESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XELZGAJCZANUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1-acetylthieno[3,2-c]pyrazole-5-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(=O)N1N=CC2=C1C=C(C(=O)OC)S2 XELZGAJCZANUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVRUNLLLSCQIMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-bromo-6-(4-methoxycarbonylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=C(Br)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC)=C1 VVRUNLLLSCQIMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GMTCPFCMAHMEMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decyldecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCC GMTCPFCMAHMEMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCNCCCCCC PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SBKQQGZXSADORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl-[4-hexadecyl-6-(4-nonadecylpyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]stannane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=NC(C=2N=C(C=C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=2)[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC)=C1 SBKQQGZXSADORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical group CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
本発明は、光増感作用を有する金属錯体およびそれを用いた色素増感太陽電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a metal complex having a photosensitizing action and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the same.
従来、光エネルギーを電気エネルギーに直接変換する方法として、シリコン結晶太陽電池がよく知られており、すでに微弱電力消費の分野や独立電源、さらには宇宙用電源として利用されている。 Conventionally, a silicon crystal solar cell is well known as a method for directly converting light energy into electric energy, and has already been used as a field of weak power consumption, an independent power source, and a power source for space.
しかし、シリコン単結晶はもちろんのこと、アモルファスシリコンを製造するにあたっては多大なエネルギーを必要とするので、電池を作るのに費やしたエネルギ−を回収するには、十年にも及ぶ長期間にわたって発電を続ける必要がある。 However, not only silicon single crystals, but also the production of amorphous silicon requires a great deal of energy, so recovering the energy spent to make a battery can generate electricity over a long period of time, up to a decade. Need to continue.
そこで近年、色素を用いた低コストの色素増感太陽電池が広く注目されるようになった。この色素増感太陽電池は、主に、一対の透明基板、一対の電極を構成する透明導電膜、電極間に挟持された、光電変換材料である半導体層及びキャリア輸送層とから構成されており、半導体層は、その表面に、可視光領域に吸収スペクトルを有する増感色素を吸着させている。 Therefore, in recent years, low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells using a dye have been widely attracted attention. This dye-sensitized solar cell is mainly composed of a pair of transparent substrates, a transparent conductive film constituting a pair of electrodes, a semiconductor layer that is a photoelectric conversion material sandwiched between the electrodes, and a carrier transport layer. The semiconductor layer has adsorbed on its surface a sensitizing dye having an absorption spectrum in the visible light region.
これらの電池において、半導体電極に光を照射すると、この電極側で電子が発生し、該電子は電気回路を通って対電極に移動する。対電極に移動した電子は、電解質中のイオンによって運ばれ、半導体電極にもどる。このような過程が繰返されて電気エネルギーが取出される。しかしながら、一般的にビピリジンルテニウム錯体を用いた色素増感太陽電池のセルは、分光感度範囲が結晶シリコン系太陽電池よりも狭いため、高変換効率が得られにくい現状である。分光感度範囲を広くし、長波長光を利用するため、下記特許文献1には、テルピリジンジケトナートRu錯体を用いる色素増感太陽電池が開示されている。
In these batteries, when the semiconductor electrode is irradiated with light, electrons are generated on the electrode side, and the electrons move to the counter electrode through an electric circuit. The electrons that have moved to the counter electrode are carried by the ions in the electrolyte and return to the semiconductor electrode. Such a process is repeated to extract electric energy. However, in general, a cell of a dye-sensitized solar cell using a bipyridine ruthenium complex has a narrower spectral sensitivity range than a crystalline silicon solar cell, so that it is difficult to obtain high conversion efficiency. In order to widen the spectral sensitivity range and use long-wavelength light,
しかしながら、テルピリジンジケトナートRu錯体を用いる色素増感太陽電池のセルは、長波長光に感度を示すが、効率的に光電流を取出せないため、低い変換効率に留まっている。また、色素増感太陽電池において高い光電変換効率を得るためには、色素内部で光による励起された電子を効率よく半導体へ注入し、また、電解質から色素へ効率的に電子を移動する必要がある。そのため、色素の最低空軌道のエネルギー準位と酸化物半導体のフェルミ準位、最高電子被占軌道エネルギー準位と電解質の酸化還元電位とのマッチングは非常に重要である。しかしながら、下記特許文献1に開示されたテルピリジンジケトナートRu錯体では最低電子空軌道のエネルギー準位が低すぎて、色素から酸化物半導体へ効率的に電子を移動しにくいため、変換効率が低くなるという問題がある。
本発明は、長波長領域の光に感度を有し、かつ効率よく電流を取出せる新規構造のルテニウム錯体を提供し、さらにはこのルテニウム錯体を用いた高性能な色素増感酸化物半導体電極および色素増感太陽電池を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention provides a ruthenium complex having a novel structure that is sensitive to light in the long wavelength region and can efficiently extract current, and further, a high-performance dye-sensitized oxide semiconductor electrode using the ruthenium complex and It is an object to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell.
本発明は、下記の式(1)を有する金属錯体であって、
ML1L2 (1)
ここで、Mは、ルテニウム、オスミウム、鉄、レニウムおよびテクネチウムからなる群より選択され、L1は、下記の式:
The present invention is a metal complex having the following formula (1):
ML 1 L 2 (1)
Here, M is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhenium and technetium, and L 1 is represented by the following formula:
で表されるトリデンテートポリピリジンリガンドであり、ここで、A1,A2およびA3は、少なくとも1つは結合基であり、残りはアルキル基または水素であり、L2は、下記の式IIa、IIb、IIcおよびIId: Wherein A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are at least one linking group, the remainder is an alkyl group or hydrogen, and L 2 is a group represented by the following formula: Formulas IIa, IIb, IIc and IId:
からなる群より選択されるリガンドであり、ここで、R2は、アルキル基、アルコキシアルキル基、アミノアルキル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボニル基、シアノ基または水素原子のいずれかである、金属錯体を提供する。 Wherein R 2 is any one of an alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, or a hydrogen atom. provide.
好ましくは、A1,A2およびA3は、少なくとも1つの結合基と少なくとも1つのアルキル基とを含む。 Preferably A 1 , A 2 and A 3 comprise at least one linking group and at least one alkyl group.
好ましくは、前記A1〜A3のいずれかがアルキル基を有する場合、該アルキル基は炭素数1〜50の直鎖状または分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、前記A1〜A3の2つ以上がアルキル基である場合には、該アルキル基は同一であっても異なってもよい。 Preferably, when any one of A 1 to A 3 has an alkyl group, the alkyl group is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and the A 1 to A When two or more of 3 are alkyl groups, the alkyl groups may be the same or different.
好ましくは、前記R2は、炭素数が20以下である。 Preferably, R 2 has 20 or less carbon atoms.
好ましくは、A1,A2およびA3はすべて結合基であり、Mはルテニウムである。 Preferably, A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are all linking groups and M is ruthenium.
本発明はまた、支持基板上に透明導電膜および半導体層がこの順に積層された電極と、対電極と、前記電極と前記対電極に挟持されたキャリア輸送層と、を含む陽電池であって、前記半導体層は、上記の金属錯体を担持している、色素増感太陽電池を提供する。 The present invention is also a positive battery including an electrode in which a transparent conductive film and a semiconductor layer are laminated in this order on a support substrate, a counter electrode, and a carrier transport layer sandwiched between the electrode and the counter electrode. The semiconductor layer provides a dye-sensitized solar cell carrying the above metal complex.
好ましくは、前記半導体層は、少なくとも1つの酸化チタン層を含む。 Preferably, the semiconductor layer includes at least one titanium oxide layer.
良好な光電変換効率およびセル安定性を達成することができる。 Good photoelectric conversion efficiency and cell stability can be achieved.
本発明の金属錯体は、色素増感型太陽電池の酸化物半導体電極を修飾する増感剤として用いるものであり、その構造は次のとおりである。 The metal complex of the present invention is used as a sensitizer for modifying an oxide semiconductor electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell, and its structure is as follows.
本発明は、下記の式(1)を有する金属錯体であって、
ML1L2 (1)
ここで、Mは、ルテニウム、オスミウム、鉄、レニウムおよびテクネチウムからなる群より選択され、L1は、下記の式:
The present invention is a metal complex having the following formula (1):
ML 1 L 2 (1)
Here, M is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhenium and technetium, and L 1 is represented by the following formula:
で表されるトリデンテートポリピリジンリガンドであり、ここで、A1,A2およびA3は、少なくとも1つは結合基であり、残りはアルキル基または水素であり、L2は、下記の式IIa、IIb、IIcおよびIId: Wherein A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are at least one linking group, the remainder is an alkyl group or hydrogen, and L 2 is a group represented by the following formula: Formulas IIa, IIb, IIc and IId:
からなる群より選択されるリガンドであり、ここで、R2は、アルキル基、アルコキシアルキル基、アミノアルキル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボニル基、シアノ基または水素原子のいずれかである、金属錯体を提供する。 Wherein R 2 is any one of an alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, or a hydrogen atom. provide.
本発明において、上記L2に規定するリガンドを用いる金属錯体を太陽電池などに用いることにより、当該金属錯体を色素増感太陽電池に用いた場合に、優れた光電変換効率およびセルの安定性を達成することができる。この理由は次のように考えられている。すなわち、従来のルテニウムなどを用いた金属錯体においては、リガンドとしてNCS−、Cl−、Br−、I−、CN−、NCO−およびH2Oなどを用いていた。このリガンドは、溶媒交換などにより容易に錯結合から解離してしまい、光吸収による励起電子が半導体層に移動する効率を非常に悪くしてしまう問題があった。しかし、本発明において上記L2に規定するリガンドを有する金属錯体を太陽電池などに用いることにより、かかる問題を解決することができ、優れた光電変換効率およびセル安定性を達成することができるものである。 In the present invention, by using a metal complex using a ligand as defined in the L 2 such as a solar cell, when the metal complex used in the dye-sensitized solar cell, the stability of the excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and cell Can be achieved. The reason is considered as follows. That is, in a conventional metal complex using ruthenium or the like, NCS − , Cl − , Br − , I − , CN − , NCO −, H 2 O, or the like is used as a ligand. This ligand is easily dissociated from the complex bond by solvent exchange or the like, and there is a problem that the efficiency of transferring excited electrons due to light absorption to the semiconductor layer is extremely deteriorated. However, those metal complex having a ligand as defined in the L 2 In the present invention by using such a solar cell, it is possible to solve such a problem, it is possible to achieve excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and cell stability It is.
本発明の金属錯体におけるL1において、ピリジン環の4位の置換基3つうち少なくとも1つは結合基であり、残りはアルキル基または水素である。この理由は、結合基を有さないと、半導体層と結合するインターロック基がなくなるため、光による増感によって励起した電子が半導体へ移動することができなく、また、当該増感剤が半導体層に安定して吸着されないからである。ここで、結合基とは、色素と半導体とを強固に吸着できる官能基であればよい。具体的には、カルボキシル基、カルボン酸アンモニウム塩基、PO(OH)2、PO(OR1)2およびCO(NHOH)などが挙げられる。特に、COOH、COONa、COOCa、COON(C4H9)4がより好ましい。 In L 1 in the metal complex of the present invention, at least one of the three substituents at the 4-position of the pyridine ring is a linking group, and the rest are alkyl groups or hydrogen. The reason for this is that if there is no bonding group, there is no interlocking group bonded to the semiconductor layer, so that electrons excited by light sensitization cannot move to the semiconductor, and the sensitizer is not a semiconductor. This is because the layer is not stably adsorbed. Here, the binding group may be a functional group that can firmly adsorb the dye and the semiconductor. Specific examples include a carboxyl group, an ammonium carboxylate base, PO (OH) 2 , PO (OR 1 ) 2 and CO (NHOH). In particular, COOH, COONa, COOCa, and COON (C 4 H 9 ) 4 are more preferable.
また、本発明において、L1のAのうち、少なくとも1つの結合基と少なくとも1つのアルキル基とを有することが好ましい。結合基を有する必要があるのは上述したとおりであるが、アルキル基を有することが好ましい理由は、ビピリジン配位子にアルキル基を導入することにより、金属錯体の最低空軌道エネルギー準位が調整できるようになり、最低空軌道エネルギー準位と半導体のフェルミ準位とのエネルギー差を最適化することにより色素内部で光による励起された電子を効率よく半導体へ注入することが可能となり、変換効率が向上すると考えられるのためである。 In the present invention, among the A L 1, it is preferred to have the at least one binding group and at least one alkyl group. Although it is necessary to have a linking group as described above, the reason for having an alkyl group is that the lowest free orbital energy level of the metal complex is adjusted by introducing an alkyl group into the bipyridine ligand. By optimizing the energy difference between the lowest orbital energy level and the Fermi level of the semiconductor, it becomes possible to efficiently inject electrons excited by light inside the dye into the semiconductor, and conversion efficiency It is because it is thought that improves.
上記A1〜A3のうちのいずれかがアルキル基の場合、使用可能な具体的アルキル基としては、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、デシル、ドデシル、ヘキサデシル、オクタデシル、ドコシル、1−ブチルペンチル、1−デシルウンデシルおよび1−ドデシルトリデシルなどが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。また、R1の具体例としては、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、デシル、ドデジル、ヘキサデジルが挙げられる。 When any one of the above A 1 to A 3 is an alkyl group, specific alkyl groups that can be used include methyl, ethyl, propyl, pentyl, hexyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, docosyl, and 1-butyl. Examples include, but are not limited to, pentyl, 1-decylundecyl and 1-dodecyltridecyl. Specific examples of R 1 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, decyl, dodecyl, and hexadecyl.
また、R2の具体例としては、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、デシル、ドデジル、ジメチルアミン、ジエチルアミンジブチルアミン、ジヘキシルアミン、ジデシルアミン、メトキシ、エトキシ、ブトキシ、デシロキシ、ヘキサデシロキシ、エイコシロキシ、エトキシカルボニル、ブトキシカルボニル、デシロキシカルボニル、ブトキシブチル、メトキシプロピル、エチリル、ブチリル、シアノ及び水素、フッ素、塩素およびヨウ素原子などを挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。 Specific examples of R 2 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, decyl, dodecyl, dimethylamine, diethylaminedibutylamine, dihexylamine, didecylamine, methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, decyloxy, hexadecyloxy, Examples include, but are not limited to, eicosyloxy, ethoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, decyloxycarbonyl, butoxybutyl, methoxypropyl, ethylyl, butyryl, cyano and hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine and iodine atoms.
本発明において、上記の式IIa、IIcおよびIId構造を有する金属錯体の場合、金属錯体分子の中性を保つために、アニオンまたはカチオンが存在してもよい。この場合、アニオンとして、ハロゲン化物イオン、NO3−、PF6−などが挙げられる。カチオンとして、アルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン、アンモニウムイオン、1級アンモニウムイオン、2級アンモニウムイオン、3級アンモニウムイオン、4級アンモニウムイオンなどが挙げられる。 In the present invention, in the case of the metal complexes having the above formulas IIa, IIc and IId, an anion or cation may be present in order to maintain the neutrality of the metal complex molecule. In this case, examples of the anion include halide ions, NO 3 −, PF 6 —, and the like. Examples of the cation include alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium ions, primary ammonium ions, secondary ammonium ions, tertiary ammonium ions, and quaternary ammonium ions.
本発明において、上記金属錯体を用いて、色素増感太陽電池を作製することができる。本発明における色素増感起電力セルは、例えば、図1に示すように、透明基板である支持基板8上に、透明導電膜7、半導体層6がこの順に堆積され、この半導体層6と、対電極(例えば、透明導電膜2がコートされたガラス板からなる支持基板1上に白金層3が形成されたもの)との間にキャリア輸送層4が挟持されて構成される。また、半導体層6は、酸化チタンなどの微粒子によって構成されており、半導体層6表面に上述した金属錯体5が担持されてなる。また、図中の矢印は、電子の流れを示す。
In the present invention, a dye-sensitized solar cell can be produced using the metal complex. In the dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, a transparent conductive film 7 and a semiconductor layer 6 are deposited in this order on a support substrate 8 that is a transparent substrate. A carrier transport layer 4 is sandwiched between a counter electrode (for example, a platinum layer 3 formed on a
太陽電池において、金属錯体に太陽光を照射すると、金属錯体5は光を吸収して励起する。この励起によって発生する電子は、半導体層6に移動し、次いで、透明導電膜7から外部回路を通って対電極の透明導電膜2に移動する。対電極に移動した電子は、キャリア輸送層4中の酸化還元系を還元する。一方、半導体層6に電子を移動させた金属錯体5は、酸化体の状態になっているが、この酸化体は、キャリア輸送層4中の酸化還元系によって還元され、もとの状態に戻る。このようなプロセスにおける電子の流れを介して、光エネルギーが連続的に電気エネルギーに変換される。
In the solar cell, when the metal complex is irradiated with sunlight, the
本発明における透明基板としては、ガラス基板、プラスチック基板などが挙げられる。その膜厚は、太陽電池に適当な強度を付与することができるものであれば特に限定されない。また、この透明基板上には、透明導電膜が形成されている。透明導電膜としては、例えば、ITO、SnO2、CuI、ZnO等の透明導電材料からなる膜が挙げられる。透明導電膜は、常法によって形成され、その膜厚は0.1μm〜5μm程度が適当である。 Examples of the transparent substrate in the present invention include a glass substrate and a plastic substrate. The film thickness is not particularly limited as long as it can give an appropriate strength to the solar cell. A transparent conductive film is formed on the transparent substrate. As the transparent conductive film, e.g., ITO, SnO 2, CuI, include film made of a transparent conductive material such as ZnO. The transparent conductive film is formed by a conventional method, and the film thickness is suitably about 0.1 μm to 5 μm.
半導体層は、透明導電膜上に形成されており、半導体の微粒子から構成される。この半導体微粒子は、一般に光電変換材料に使用されるものであればどのようなものでも使用することができ、例えば、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズ、酸化ニオブ、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化セリウム、酸化タングステン、酸化シリコン、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ニッケル、チタン酸バリウム、チタン酸ストロンチウム、硫化カドミウム、CuAlO2、SrCu2O2等の単独、化合物又は組み合わせが挙げられる。安定性及び安全性の点から、酸化チタンが好ましい。この酸化チタンは、アナタース型酸化チタン、ルチル型酸化チタン、無定形酸化チタン、メタチタン酸、オルソチタン酸などの各種の狭義の酸化チタン及び水酸化チタン、含水酸化チタン等を包含する。半導体層は、粒子状や膜状でもよいが、多孔質の膜状等の形態であることが好ましい。 The semiconductor layer is formed on the transparent conductive film and is composed of semiconductor fine particles. As the semiconductor fine particles, any material generally used for photoelectric conversion materials can be used. For example, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide. , Silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, cadmium sulfide, CuAlO 2 , SrCu 2 O 2, and the like alone or in combination. Titanium oxide is preferable from the viewpoint of stability and safety. This titanium oxide includes various narrowly defined titanium oxides such as anatase type titanium oxide, rutile type titanium oxide, amorphous titanium oxide, metatitanic acid, orthotitanic acid, titanium hydroxide, and hydrous titanium oxide. The semiconductor layer may be in the form of particles or film, but is preferably in the form of a porous film.
半導体層は、公知の種々の方法によって透明導電膜上に形成することができる。具体的には、(i)透明導電膜上に半導体粒子を含有する懸濁液を塗布し、乾燥及び/又は焼成する方法、(ii)必要な原料ガスを用いたCVD又はMOCVD等により透明導電膜上に半導体層を形成する方法、(iii)固体原料を用いるPVD法、蒸着法又はスパッタリング法、ゾルゲル法等の単独又は組み合わせが挙げられる。半導体層を製造するために使用される半導体粒子は、例えば1nm〜2000nmの範囲の平均粒径を有する単体の半導体又は化合物半導体からなり、市販されているものを用いることができる。 The semiconductor layer can be formed on the transparent conductive film by various known methods. Specifically, (i) a method of applying a suspension containing semiconductor particles on a transparent conductive film, drying and / or baking, and (ii) transparent conductive by CVD or MOCVD using a necessary source gas. Examples thereof include a method for forming a semiconductor layer on a film, (iii) a PVD method using a solid raw material, a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method, a sol-gel method, or the like. The semiconductor particles used for producing the semiconductor layer may be made of a single semiconductor or a compound semiconductor having an average particle diameter in the range of 1 nm to 2000 nm, for example, and may be commercially available.
例えば、上述の(i)の方法においては、まず、半導体粒子を適当な溶媒に懸濁する。そのような溶媒としては、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル等のグライム系溶媒、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール類、イソプロピルアルコール/トルエン等のアルコール系混合溶媒、水等が挙げられる。半導体粒子の懸濁液の基板への塗布は、ドクターブレード法、スキージ法、スピンコート法、スクリーン印刷法など公知の方法が挙げられる。その後、塗布液を乾燥及び焼成する。乾燥及び焼成に必要な温度、時間、雰囲気等は、使用される基板及び半導体粒子の種類に応じて、適宜調整することができ、例えば、大気下又は不活性ガス雰囲気下、50〜800℃程度の範囲で10秒〜12時間程度が挙げられる。乾燥及び焼成は、単一の温度で1回のみ行なってもよいし、温度を変化させて2回以上行なってもよい。また、塗布、乾燥及び焼成は、1回のみ行ってもよいし、2回以上行ってもよい。また、上記溶液が半導体層の孔に貫通するように、昇温しつつ孔中の気体を除去することが好ましい。 For example, in the method (i) described above, first, the semiconductor particles are suspended in a suitable solvent. Examples of such a solvent include glyme solvents such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, alcohol mixed solvents such as isopropyl alcohol / toluene, water, and the like. Application of the suspension of the semiconductor particles to the substrate includes known methods such as a doctor blade method, a squeegee method, a spin coating method, and a screen printing method. Thereafter, the coating solution is dried and baked. The temperature, time, atmosphere, and the like necessary for drying and firing can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of substrate and semiconductor particles used, for example, about 50 to 800 ° C. in the air or in an inert gas atmosphere. In the range of about 10 seconds to 12 hours. Drying and firing may be performed only once at a single temperature, or may be performed twice or more at different temperatures. Moreover, application | coating, drying, and baking may be performed only once and may be performed twice or more. Moreover, it is preferable to remove the gas in the hole while raising the temperature so that the solution penetrates into the hole of the semiconductor layer.
上述の(ii)の方法では、CVD等に使用される原料ガスは、半導体を構成する元素を含有する単一のガス又は2種類以上の混合ガスを用いることができる。 In the method (ii) described above, a single gas containing two or more kinds of mixed gases can be used as a source gas used for CVD or the like.
上述の(iii)の方法では、PVD等に使用される固体原料は、半導体を構成する元素を含有する単一の固体、複数の固体の組み合せ又は化合物の固体を利用することができる。 In the method (iii) described above, a solid material used for PVD or the like can be a single solid containing a semiconductor constituent element, a combination of a plurality of solids, or a solid compound.
半導体層の厚みは、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、0.1〜50μm程度が挙げられる。また、別の観点から、半導体層の表面積が大きいものが好ましく、例えば、10〜200m2/g程度が挙げられる。 The thickness of a semiconductor layer is not specifically limited, For example, about 0.1-50 micrometers is mentioned. Moreover, from another viewpoint, the thing with a large surface area of a semiconductor layer is preferable, for example, about 10-200 m < 2 > / g is mentioned.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to these.
(合成例1)
4,4’,4’’−トリメトキシカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製
表題化合物を、J.Am.Chem.Soc.123(2001)1613に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。
(Synthesis Example 1)
Preparation of 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -trimethoxycarbonyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine Am. Chem. Soc. 123 (2001) 1613.
(合成例2)
4,4’−ジメトキシカルボニル−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製
(a)4−ノナデシルピリジンの調製
(Synthesis Example 2)
Preparation of 4,4′-dimethoxycarbonyl-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine (a) Preparation of 4-nonadecylpyridine
メカニカルスターラ、N2吸入口、圧力等化添加漏斗および恒温オイルバスを備えた300mLのフラスコに、14.8gのナトリウムアミド(0.38モル)および64.0mLの4−メチルピリジン(61.1g、0.656モル)を添加した。混合物を、窒素雰囲気下で1時間攪拌した。その間、濃赤色への色の変化を観察した。n−オクタデシルクロリド(95.0g;0.33モル)の110mLを高速攪拌されている反応混合物中に1.5時間かけて添加した。添加を開始してすぐに、凝固するのを防止するため、反応を60℃まで温め、続いて100℃にて終夜攪拌した。反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、200mLのクロロホルムで希釈し、200mLの水で3回洗浄し、ロータリーエバポレータを用いて乾燥するまで減圧した。生じた濃茶色の生成物を0.07mmHgで3回減圧蒸留し、最終的に一定沸点(180℃(0.07mmHg))の白色の蝋様固体(48.8g)(0.141モル、43%収率(n−オクタデシルクロリドを基準))を得た。分析結果は次のとおりであった。計算値:C24H43N;C,83.41;H,12.54;N,4.05、実測値:C,83.6;H,12.7;N,4.0。MS(ESIMS):m/z:345.3。 To a 300 mL flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, N 2 inlet, pressure equalization addition funnel and constant temperature oil bath, 14.8 g sodium amide (0.38 mol) and 64.0 mL 4-methylpyridine (61.1 g) 0.656 mol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour under a nitrogen atmosphere. Meanwhile, the color change to dark red was observed. 110 mL of n-octadecyl chloride (95.0 g; 0.33 mol) was added to the rapidly stirred reaction mixture over 1.5 hours. As soon as the addition was started, the reaction was warmed to 60 ° C. and subsequently stirred at 100 ° C. overnight to prevent solidification. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 200 mL of chloroform, washed 3 times with 200 mL of water, and reduced in pressure using a rotary evaporator until dry. The resulting dark brown product was vacuum distilled three times at 0.07 mm Hg and finally a white waxy solid (48.8 g) (0.141 mol, 43 at constant boiling point (180 ° C. (0.07 mm Hg))). % Yield (based on n-octadesyl chloride)). The analysis results were as follows. Calculated values: C24H43N; C, 83.41; H, 12.54; N, 4.05, found values: C, 83.6; H, 12.7; N, 4.0. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 345.3.
(b)2−アミノ−4−ノナデシルピリジンの調製 (B) Preparation of 2-amino-4-nonadecylpyridine
0.5モルの4−ノナデシルピリジン、0.59モルのソーダアミドおよび1.18モルのN,N−ジメチルアニリンの混合物を150℃にて6時間加熱した。冷却後、反応混合物を水中に注ぎ、ジメチルアニリン層を分離して、無水炭酸カリウムの上で乾燥した。真空で溶媒を除去した後、残渣を石油エーテル中で攪拌し、酢酸エチル/リグロインから結晶化した。収率:45%。分析した結果は次のとおりである。計算値:C24H44N2:C,79.93;H,12.30;N,7.77、実測値:C,79.63;H,12.40;N,7.60.MS(ESIMS):m/z:360.4。 A mixture of 0.5 mol 4-nonadecylpyridine, 0.59 mol sodaamide and 1.18 mol N, N-dimethylaniline was heated at 150 ° C. for 6 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was poured into water and the dimethylaniline layer was separated and dried over anhydrous potassium carbonate. After removing the solvent in vacuo, the residue was stirred in petroleum ether and crystallized from ethyl acetate / ligroin. Yield: 45%. The analysis results are as follows. Calculated value: C24H44N2: C, 79.93; H, 12.30; N, 7.77, Found: C, 79.63; H, 12.40; N, 7.60. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 360.4.
(c)2−ブロモ−4−ノナデシルピリジンの調製 (C) Preparation of 2-bromo-4-nonadecylpyridine
粉状2−アミノ−4−ノナデシルピリジン(100.6g、0.31モル)を高速攪拌下で、4Lのガラス反応器中の20〜30℃の48%臭化水素酸(500mL)に一部ずつ添加した。化合物のすべてを溶解した後、混合物を−20℃で冷却した。この懸濁液に、冷却したブロミン(443mL、0.86モル)を30分かけて滴下し、その際温度を−20℃に維持した。生じたペーストをこの温度で90分間攪拌した。次いで、水(250mL)中の亜硝酸ナトリウム(56.6g、0.82モル)を滴下して加えた。その後、反応混合物を15℃まで1時間かけて温めて、さらに45分間攪拌した。混合物を−20℃まで冷却し、冷却したNaOH水溶液(222g、333mL)で処理した。添加の間、温度を最大−10℃に保持した。混合物を室温まで温めて1時間攪拌した。次いで、この混合物を酢酸エチルで抽出し、有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、溶媒を減圧下で除去した。残渣を減圧蒸留し、表題の化合物を得た。収率:50%。分析した結果は次のとおりである。計算値:C24H42BrN:C,67.90;H,9.97;N,3.30。実測値:C,67.50;H,9.87;N,3.40。MS(ESIMS):m/z:423.3。 Powdered 2-amino-4-nonadecylpyridine (100.6 g, 0.31 mol) was added to 48% hydrobromic acid (500 mL) at 20-30 ° C. in a 4 L glass reactor under high speed stirring. Added in portions. After all of the compound had dissolved, the mixture was cooled at -20 ° C. To this suspension, cooled bromine (443 mL, 0.86 mol) was added dropwise over 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature at -20 ° C. The resulting paste was stirred at this temperature for 90 minutes. Then sodium nitrite (56.6 g, 0.82 mol) in water (250 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was then warmed to 15 ° C. over 1 hour and stirred for an additional 45 minutes. The mixture was cooled to −20 ° C. and treated with cooled aqueous NaOH (222 g, 333 mL). The temperature was kept at a maximum of −10 ° C. during the addition. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was distilled under reduced pressure to give the title compound. Yield: 50%. The analysis results are as follows. Calculated: C24H42BrN: C, 67.90; H, 9.97; N, 3.30. Found: C, 67.50; H, 9.87; N, 3.40. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 423.3.
(d)2−トリブチル(4−ノナデシルピリジン−2−イル)スタンナン (D) 2-tributyl (4-nonadecylpyridin-2-yl) stannane
無水THF(400mL)中の2−ブロモ−4−ノナデシルピリジン(70.0g、165ミリモル)に、n−ブチルリチウム(110mL、178ミリモル、ヘキサン中1.6M)を−78℃にて滴下した。この溶液を−78℃にて90分間攪拌した後、トリブチル塩化スズ(53.6mL、198ミリモル)を添加し、混合物を室温まで温めた。水(90mL)を反応混合物に注ぎ、相を分離した。水相をジエチルエーテル(200mL)で4回抽出した。合わせた有機相を、Na2SO4上で乾燥し、溶媒を減圧除去した。生じた油状物をクゲルロー(Kugelrohr)のフラクション蒸留により精製した。収率:55%。分析結果は次のとおりである。C36H69NSn:計算値:C,68.13;H,10.96;N,2.21。実測値:C,68.65;H,10.76;N,2.27。MS(ESIMS):m/z:635.4。 To 2-bromo-4-nonadecylpyridine (70.0 g, 165 mmol) in anhydrous THF (400 mL) was added n-butyllithium (110 mL, 178 mmol, 1.6 M in hexane) dropwise at -78 ° C. . After the solution was stirred at -78 ° C for 90 minutes, tributyltin chloride (53.6 mL, 198 mmol) was added and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. Water (90 mL) was poured into the reaction mixture and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted 4 times with diethyl ether (200 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by fraction distillation of Kugelrohr. Yield: 55%. The analysis results are as follows. C36H69NSn: Calculated: C, 68.13; H, 10.96; N, 2.21. Found: C, 68.65; H, 10.76; N, 2.27. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 635.4.
(e)2−トリブチルスタンニル−ピコリンの調製 (E) Preparation of 2-tributylstannyl-picoline
無水THF(250mL)中の2−ブロモ−ピコリン(28.4g、165ミリモル)に、−78℃にてn−ブチルリチウム(110mL、178ミリモル、ヘキサン中1.6M)を滴下して添加した。この溶液を−78℃にて90分間攪拌した後、トリブチル塩化スズ(53.6mL、198ミリモル)を添加し、混合物を室温まで温めた。水(90mL)を、反応混合物中に加え、相分離させた。水相をジエチルエーテル(200mL)で4回抽出した。合わせた有機層をN2SO4上で乾燥し、溶媒を減圧除去した。生じた湯状物をクゲルローのフラクション蒸留により精製した。収率:58%。分析結果は次のとおりである。C18H33NSn:計算値:C,56.56;H,8.64;N,3.67;実測値:C,56.22;H8.70;N,3.21。MS(ESIMS):m/z:383.2。 To 2-bromo-picoline (28.4 g, 165 mmol) in anhydrous THF (250 mL) was added dropwise n-butyllithium (110 mL, 178 mmol, 1.6 M in hexane) at −78 ° C. After the solution was stirred at -78 ° C for 90 minutes, tributyltin chloride (53.6 mL, 198 mmol) was added and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. Water (90 mL) was added into the reaction mixture and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted 4 times with diethyl ether (200 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over N 2 SO 4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting hot water was purified by Kugelro fraction distillation. Yield: 58%. The analysis results are as follows. C18H33NSn: Calculated: C, 56.56; H, 8.64; N, 3.67; Found: C, 56.22; H8.70; N, 3.21. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 383.2.
(f)2,6−ジヒドロキシ−4−メチルピリジンの調製 (F) Preparation of 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine
2,6−ジヒドロキシ−3−シアノ−4−メチルピリジン(4.32g、28.8ミリモル)、濃H2SO4(12mL)および水(10mL)の混合物を、還流して5時間加熱した。混合物を氷で冷却し、固体NaHCO3で中和した。沈殿物をろ過し、水およびEt2Oを用いて洗浄し、減圧下で乾燥して、表題の化合物および遊離酸の混合物を得、これを脱カルボキシル化しなかった。この混合物を次の反応ステップのためにさらに精製せずに用いた。収率:72%。分析結果は次のとおりである。C6H7NO2:計算値:C,57.59;H,5.64;N,11.19;O,25.57。実測値:C,57.74;H,5.55;N,11.19;O,25.66。MS(ESIMS):m/z:125.0。 2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyano-4-methylpyridine (4.32 g, 28.8 mmol), the mixture of concentrated H 2 SO 4 (12mL) and water (10 mL), and heated at reflux for 5 hours. The mixture was cooled with ice and neutralized with solid NaHCO 3 . The precipitate was filtered, washed with water and Et 2 O, and dried under reduced pressure to give a mixture of the title compound and free acid, which was not decarboxylated. This mixture was used without further purification for the next reaction step. Yield: 72%. The analysis results are as follows. C6H7NO2: Calculated: C, 57.59; H, 5.64; N, 11.19; O, 25.57. Found: C, 57.74; H, 5.55; N, 11.19; O, 25.66. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 125.0.
(g)2,6−ジブロモ−4−メチルピリジンの調製 (G) Preparation of 2,6-dibromo-4-methylpyridine
上記(f)で得られた化合物(1.0g、7.93ミリモル)およびPOBr3(7.26g、25.33ミリモル)を粉状にし、140−150℃で1時間一緒に溶解させた。冷却後、混合物を水で失活し、固体NaHCO3で中和し、CHCl3(100mL)で3回抽出した。合わせた有機相を水で洗浄し、シリカのカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン/EOAc=9/1(v/v))により精製し、表題化合物を得た。分析した結果は次のとおりである。無色の油状物、収率:58%、C6H5Br2N:計算値:C,28.72;H,2.01;N,5.58;実測値:C,28.58;H,2.07;N,5.46。MS(ESIMS):m/z:250.9。 The compound (1.0 g, 7.93 mmol) obtained in (f) above and POBr 3 (7.26 g, 25.33 mmol) were powdered and dissolved together at 140-150 ° C. for 1 hour. After cooling, the mixture was quenched with water, neutralized with solid NaHCO 3 and extracted three times with CHCl 3 (100 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with water and purified by silica column chromatography (hexane / EOAc = 9/1 (v / v)) to give the title compound. The analysis results are as follows. Colorless oil, yield: 58%, C6H5Br2N: calculated: C, 28.72; H, 2.01; N, 5.58; found: C, 28.58; H, 2.07; N , 5.46. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 250.9.
(h)6−ブロモ−4,4’−ジメチル−2,2’−ビピリジンの調製 (H) Preparation of 6-bromo-4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine
上記(g)で得たジブロモ化合物(1モル)、2−トリブチルスタンニル−ピコリン(1モル)および(Ph3Ph)4Pd(0.01当量)をトルエン(50mL)中でN2下16時間加熱した。室温まで冷却した際、飽和NH4Cl水溶液(20mL)を添加した。この混合物をさらに30分間攪拌し、次いでセライトによりろ過した。沈殿物をCH2Cl2(50mL)で洗浄し、有機相を分離した。水相をトルエンで抽出した。合わせた有機相をMgSO4で乾燥し、溶媒を除去した。濃HCl(30mL)を残渣に添加し、CH2Cl2で抽出した。水相を固体NaOHで注意して中和した。次いで生成物をCH2Cl2で抽出し、乾燥した。溶媒を除去し、生成物をシリカゲルのクロマトグラフィー(CH2Cl2/ヘキサン=1/2を溶離液)により精製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。収率:25%、C12H11BrN2:計算値:C,54.77;H,4.21;N,10.65;実測値:C,54.54;H,4.30;N,10.45。MS(ESIMS):m/z:262.0。 The dibromo compound (1 mol) obtained in (g) above, 2-tributylstannyl-picoline (1 mol) and (Ph 3 Ph) 4Pd (0.01 eq.) In toluene (50 mL) under N 2 for 16 hours. Heated. Upon cooling to room temperature, saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl (20 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for an additional 30 minutes and then filtered through celite. The precipitate was washed with CH 2 Cl 2 (50 mL) and the organic phase was separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with toluene. The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent was removed. Concentrated HCl (30 mL) was added to the residue and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The aqueous phase was carefully neutralized with solid NaOH. The product was then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 and dried. The solvent was removed and the product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (CH2Cl2 / hexane = 1/2 as eluent). The analysis results are as follows. Yield: 25%, C12H11BrN2: Calculated: C, 54.77; H, 4.21; N, 10.65; Found: C, 54.54; H, 4.30; N, 10.45. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 262.0.
(i)6−ブロモ−4,4’−ジカルボキシ−2,2’−ビピリジンの調製 (I) Preparation of 6-bromo-4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine
硫酸(98%、125mL)の攪拌溶液に、5.37g(20.5ミリモル)の6−ブロモ−4,4’−ジメチル−2,2’−ビピリジンを添加した。十分攪拌しつつ、24g(81.5ミリモル)のニクロム酸カリウムを少量ずつ添加し、その際温度を70〜80℃の間に維持した。ニクロム酸カリウムの添加の間、水バスによる一時的な冷却が必要であった。すべてのニクロム酸カリウムを添加した後、反応液を、温度が40℃未満になるまで室温で攪拌した。濃緑色反応混合物を800mLの氷水に注ぎ、そしてろ過した。固体を、濾液が無色になるまで水で洗浄し、そして乾燥させた。生じた黄色固状物を、50%の硝酸(170mL)中で還流して精製した。この溶液を氷の上に注ぎ、1Lの水で希釈し、5℃に冷却した。沈殿物をろ過し、水(50mL)で5回、次いでアセトン(20mL)で2回洗浄し、乾燥して表題化合物(6.2g、94%)を良好な白色固状物として得た。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C12H7BrN2O4:計算値:C,44.61;H,2.18;N,8.67;実測値:C,44.23;H,2.14;N,8.56。MS(ESIMS):m/z:322.0。 To a stirred solution of sulfuric acid (98%, 125 mL) was added 5.37 g (20.5 mmol) of 6-bromo-4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine. With good stirring, 24 g (81.5 mmol) of potassium dichromate was added in small portions while maintaining the temperature between 70-80 ° C. Temporary cooling with a water bath was required during the addition of potassium dichromate. After all the potassium dichromate was added, the reaction was stirred at room temperature until the temperature was below 40 ° C. The dark green reaction mixture was poured into 800 mL ice water and filtered. The solid was washed with water until the filtrate was colorless and dried. The resulting yellow solid was purified by refluxing in 50% nitric acid (170 mL). The solution was poured onto ice, diluted with 1 L water and cooled to 5 ° C. The precipitate was filtered, washed 5 times with water (50 mL), then twice with acetone (20 mL) and dried to give the title compound (6.2 g, 94%) as a good white solid. The analysis results are as follows. C12H7BrN2O4: Calculated: C, 44.61; H, 2.18; N, 8.67; Found: C, 44.23; H, 2.14; N, 8.56. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 322.0.
(j)6−ブロモ−4,4’−ジエトキシカルボニル−2,2’−ビピリジンの調製 (J) Preparation of 6-bromo-4,4'-diethoxycarbonyl-2,2'-bipyridine
無水エタノール(400mL)中の6−ブロモ−4,4’−ジカルボキシ−2,2’−ビピリジン(6.6g、20.5ミリモル)の懸濁液に、5mLの濃硫酸を添加した。混合物を、80時間還流して透明な溶液を得、次いで室温まで冷却した。水(400mL)を添加し、過剰のエタノールを減圧下で除去した。pHをNaOHを用いて中性に調節し、生じた沈殿物をろ過し、水(pH=7)で洗浄した。固体を乾燥して、7.0g(収率:90%)の表題化合物を得た。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C16H15BrN2O4:計算値:C,50.68;H,3.99;N,7.39;実測値:C,50.45;H,3.92;N,7.33。MS(ESIMS):m/z:378.0。 To a suspension of 6-bromo-4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine (6.6 g, 20.5 mmol) in absolute ethanol (400 mL) was added 5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. The mixture was refluxed for 80 hours to give a clear solution and then cooled to room temperature. Water (400 mL) was added and excess ethanol was removed under reduced pressure. The pH was adjusted to neutral with NaOH and the resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with water (pH = 7). The solid was dried to give 7.0 g (yield: 90%) of the title compound. The analysis results are as follows. C16H15BrN2O4: Calcd: C, 50.68; H, 3.99; N, 7.39; Found: C, 50.45; H, 3.92; N, 7.33. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 378.0.
(k)4,4’−ジエトキシカルボニル−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’;6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製 (K) Preparation of 4,4'-diethoxycarbonyl-4 "(nonadecyl) -2,2 '; 6', 2" -terpyridine
6−ブロモ−4,4’−ジメトキシカルボニル−2,2’ビピリジン(1モル)、2−トリブチル(4−ノナデシルピリジン−2−イル)スタンナン(1ミリモル)および(Ph3P)4Pd(0.01当量)をトルエン(50mL)中でN2下16時間加熱した。室温まで冷却の際に、飽和NH4Cl水溶液(20mL)を添加した。混合物をさらに30分攪拌し、次いでセライト上でろ過した。沈殿物をCH2Cl2(50mL)で洗浄し、有機相を分離した。水相をトルエンで抽出した。合わせた有機相をMgSO4で乾燥し、溶媒を除去した。濃HCl(30mL)を残渣に添加して、CH2Cl2で抽出した。水相を注意して固体NaOHで中和した。次いで生成物をCH2Cl2で抽出し、乾燥した。溶媒を除去し、そして生成物をシリカゲルによるクロマトグラフィー(CH2Cl2/ヘキサン=1/2を溶離液)で精製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。収率:25%、C40H57N3O4:計算値:C,74.61;H,8.92;N,6.53;実測値:C,74.22;H,8.72;N,6.49。MS(ESIMS):m/z:643.4349。 6-Bromo-4,4′-dimethoxycarbonyl-2,2′bipyridine (1 mol), 2-tributyl (4-nonadecylpyridin-2-yl) stannane (1 mmol) and (Ph 3 P) 4Pd (0 .01 equiv) was heated in toluene (50 mL) under N 2 for 16 h. Upon cooling to room temperature, saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl (20 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for an additional 30 minutes and then filtered over celite. The precipitate was washed with CH 2 Cl 2 (50 mL) and the organic phase was separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with toluene. The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent was removed. Concentrated HCl (30 mL) was added to the residue and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The aqueous phase was carefully neutralized with solid NaOH. The product was then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 and dried. The solvent was removed and the product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (CH 2 Cl 2 / hexane = 1/2 as eluent). The analysis results are as follows. Yield: 25%, C40H57N3O4: Calculated: C, 74.61; H, 8.92; N, 6.53; Found: C, 74.22; H, 8.72; N, 6.49. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 643.4349.
(合成例3)
4,4’−ジエトキシカルボニル−4’’−(ジドデシルメチル)−2,2’−:6,2’’−ターピリジンの調製
(a)4−(ジドデシルメチル)ピリジンの調製
(Synthesis Example 3)
Preparation of 4,4′-diethoxycarbonyl-4 ″-(didodecylmethyl) -2,2 ′-: 6,2 ″ -terpyridine (a) Preparation of 4- (didodecylmethyl) pyridine
ブチルリチウム(ヘキサン中1.6M、2.05当量)溶液を、乾燥エーテル中のジイソプロピルアミン(0.2M;2.1当量)の−15℃の溶液に添加した。30分攪拌した後、新たに蒸留した4−メチルピリジン(1当量)を滴下して加えた。生じた赤色溶液を、−15℃にて15分間攪拌し、次いで乾燥エーテル中のアルキルハライド(1M、2.05当量)の溶液を1部ずつ添加した。混合物を室温にて終夜攪拌した。エーテルを添加し、そして反応混合物を1M NH4Cl溶液で2回洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥し、乾燥するまでエバポレートした。生成物をAl2O3(中性)によるクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、その際、溶離液をヘキサンから最終にはヘキサン/エーテル=5/1まで勾配をつけた。生成物を70%の収率で得た。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C30H55N:計算値:C,83.84;H,12.90;N,3.26;実測値:C,83.55;H,12.84;N,3.21。MS(ESIMS):m/z:429.4。 A solution of butyllithium (1.6 M in hexane, 2.05 eq) was added to a −15 ° C. solution of diisopropylamine (0.2 M; 2.1 eq) in dry ether. After stirring for 30 minutes, freshly distilled 4-methylpyridine (1 equivalent) was added dropwise. The resulting red solution was stirred at −15 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then a solution of alkyl halide (1M, 2.05 equiv) in dry ether was added portionwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Ether was added and the reaction mixture was washed twice with 1M NH 4 Cl solution, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated to dryness. The product was purified by chromatography on Al 2 O 3 (neutral), with the eluent gradient from hexane to final hexane / ether = 5/1. The product was obtained in 70% yield. The analysis results are as follows. C30H55N: Calculated: C, 83.84; H, 12.90; N, 3.26; Found: C, 83.55; H, 12.84; N, 3.21. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 429.4.
(b)2−アミノ−4−ジドデシルメチル−ピリジンの調製 (B) Preparation of 2-amino-4-didodecylmethyl-pyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(b)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C30H56N2:計算値:C,81.01;H,12.69;N,6.30;実測値:C,81.11;H,12.77;N,6.25。MS(ESIMS):m/z:444.8。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (b) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C30H56N2: Calculated: C, 81.01; H, 12.69; N, 6.30; Found: C, 81.11; H, 12.77; N, 6.25. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 444.8.
(c)2−ブロモ−4−ジドデシルメチル−ピリジンの調製 (C) Preparation of 2-bromo-4-didodecylmethyl-pyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(c)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C30H54BrN:計算値:C,70.84;H,10.70;N,2.75;実測値:C,70.45;H,10.67;N,2.69。MS(ESIMS):m/z:507.3440。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (c) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C30H54BrN: Calculated: C, 70.84; H, 10.70; N, 2.75; Found: C, 70.45; H, 10.67; N, 2.69. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 507.3440.
(d)2−トリブチル(4−ジドデシルメチル−2−イル)スタンナンの調製 (D) Preparation of 2-tributyl (4-didodecylmethyl-2-yl) stannane
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(d)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C42H81NSn:計算値:C,70.18;H,11.36;N,1.95;実測値:C,70.0;H,11.31;N,1.97。MS(ESIMS):m/z:719.5。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (d) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C42H81NSn: Calculated: C, 70.18; H, 11.36; N, 1.95; Found: C, 70.0; H, 11.31; N, 1.97. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 719.5.
(e)6−ブロモ−4,4’−ジエトキシカルボニル−2,2’ビピリジンの調製 (E) Preparation of 6-bromo-4,4'-diethoxycarbonyl-2,2'bipyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(e−j)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C16H15BrNO4:計算値:C,50.68;H,3.99;N,7.39;実測値:C,50.35;H,3.78;N,7.34。MS(ESIMS):m/z:379.02。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to the procedure described in Step 2 (ej) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C16H15BrNO4: Calculated: C, 50.68; H, 3.99; N, 7.39; Found: C, 50.35; H, 3.78; N, 7.34. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 379.02.
(f)4,4’−ジエトキシカルボニル−4’’−ジドデシルメチル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製 (F) Preparation of 4,4'-diethoxycarbonyl-4 "-didodecylmethyl-2,2 ': 6', 2" -terpyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(k)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C46H69N3O4:計算値:C,75.89;H,9.55;N,5.77;実測値:C,75.24;H,9.4;N,6.0。MS(ESIMS):m/z:728.1。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (k) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C46H69N3O4: Calculated: C, 75.89; H, 9.55; N, 5.77; Found: C, 75.24; H, 9.4; N, 6.0. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 728.1.
(合成例4)
4,4’−ビス(ジエチルホスフォネート)−4’’−ノナデシル−2,2’:6’,2’’’:6’’,2’’’−ターピリジンの調製
(a)4,4’−ジエトキシカルボニル−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製
(Synthesis Example 4)
Preparation of 4,4′-bis (diethylphosphonate) -4 ″ -nonadecyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′ ″: 6 ″, 2 ′ ″-terpyridine (a) 4,4 Preparation of '-diethoxycarbonyl-4''(nonadecyl)-2,2': 6 ', 2''-terpyridine
表題化合物を合成例2に記載の手順と同様の手順で調製した。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Synthesis Example 2.
(b)4,4’−ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製 (B) Preparation of 4,4'-bis (hydroxymethyl) -4 "(nonadecyl) -2,2 ': 6', 2" -terpyridine
8.2gの水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを、200mLの無水エタノール中の4,4’−ジエトキシカルボニル−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン(6.4g、10.0ミリモル)の懸濁液に添加した。混合物を3時間還流し、室温まで冷却し、次いで、200mLの塩化アンモニウム飽和水溶液を添加して過剰の水素化ホウ素を分解した。エタノールを減圧下で除去し、沈殿した固状物を最小量の水に溶解した。得られた溶液を酢酸エチル(200mL)で5回抽出し、硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥し、溶媒を減圧下で除去した。所望の固状物を79%の収率で得、これをさらなる精製なしで使用した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C36H53N3O2:計算値:C,77.24;H,9.54;N,7.51;実測値:C,77.10;H,9.47;N,7.49。MS(ESIMS):m/z:559.4。 8.2 g of sodium borohydride was added to 4,4′-diethoxycarbonyl-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine (6.4 g, 200 mL of absolute ethanol). 10.0 mmol) suspension. The mixture was refluxed for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, and then 200 mL of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride was added to destroy excess borohydride. Ethanol was removed under reduced pressure and the precipitated solid was dissolved in a minimum amount of water. The resulting solution was extracted 5 times with ethyl acetate (200 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The desired solid was obtained in 79% yield and used without further purification. The analysis results are as follows. C36H53N3O2: Calcd: C, 77.24; H, 9.54; N, 7.51; Found: C, 77.10; H, 9.47; N, 7.49. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 559.4.
(c)4,4’−ビス(ブロモメチル)−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製 (C) Preparation of 4,4'-bis (bromomethyl) -4 "(nonadecyl) -2,2 ': 6', 2" -terpyridine
4,4’−ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’−ターピリジン(2.35g、4.2ミリモル)を48%のHBr(20mL)および濃硫酸(6.7mL)の混合物中に溶解した。生じた溶液を6時間還流し、次いで室温まで冷却させ、40mLの水を添加した。pHを、NaOH溶液を用いて中性に調節し、生じた沈殿物をろ過し、水(pH=7)で洗浄し、空気乾燥した。生成物をクロロホルム(40mL)中に溶解し、ろ過した。溶液を硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥し、エバポレートして、乾燥した白色の粉状物として表題化合物を85%の収率(2.45g)で得た。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C36H51Br2N3:計算値:C,63.07;H,7.50;N,6.13;実測値:C,62.88;H,7.45;N,6.19。MS(ESIMS):m/z:685.2。 4,4′-bis (hydroxymethyl) -4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2′-terpyridine (2.35 g, 4.2 mmol) was added to 48% HBr (20 mL) and concentrated. Dissolved in a mixture of sulfuric acid (6.7 mL). The resulting solution was refluxed for 6 hours, then allowed to cool to room temperature and 40 mL of water was added. The pH was adjusted to neutral using NaOH solution and the resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water (pH = 7) and air dried. The product was dissolved in chloroform (40 mL) and filtered. The solution was dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to give the title compound as a dry white powder in 85% yield (2.45 g). The analysis results are as follows. C36H51Br2N3: Calculated: C, 63.07; H, 7.50; N, 6.13; Found: C, 62.88; H, 7.45; N, 6.19. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 685.2.
(d)4,4’−ビス(ジエチルメチルホスフォネート)−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製 (D) Preparation of 4,4'-bis (diethylmethylphosphonate) -4 "(nonadecyl) -2,2 ': 6', 2" -terpyridine
4,4’−ビス(ブロモメチル)−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン(1.5g、4.4ミリモル)のクロロホルム溶液(10mL)および亜リン酸トリエチル(15mL)を窒素下3時間還流した。過剰の亜リン酸を高真空下で除去し、次いで粗生成物をシリカゲルのカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液、酢酸エチル/メタノール=80/20)で精製して、2.82g(収率80%)の表題化合物を得た。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C44H71N3O6P2:計算値:C,66.06;H,8.95;N,5.25;実測値:C,65.67;H,8.88;N,5.45。MS(ESIMS):m/z:799.5。 4,4′-bis (bromomethyl) -4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine (1.5 g, 4.4 mmol) in chloroform (10 mL) and phosphorous acid Triethyl (15 mL) was refluxed under nitrogen for 3 hours. Excess phosphorous acid was removed under high vacuum, then the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluent, ethyl acetate / methanol = 80/20) to give 2.82 g (80% yield). The title compound was obtained. The analysis results are as follows. C44H71N3O6P2: Calculated: C, 66.06; H, 8.95; N, 5.25; Found: C, 65.67; H, 8.88; N, 5.45. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 799.5.
(合成例5)
4’−エトキシカルボニル−4,4’’−ビス(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製
(a)2,6−ジブロモ−4−カルボニル−ピリジンの調製
(Synthesis Example 5)
Preparation of 4′-ethoxycarbonyl-4,4 ″ -bis (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine (a) Preparation of 2,6-dibromo-4-carbonyl-pyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(g)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C6H3Br2NO2:計算値:C,25.65;H,1.08;Br,56.89;N,4.99;O,11.39;実測値C,25.52;H,1.14;Br,56.77;N,5.04;O,11.25。MS(ESIMS):m/z:280.9。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in step (g) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C6H3Br2NO2: Calculated values: C, 25.65; H, 1.08; Br, 56.89; N, 4.99; O, 11.39; Found C, 25.52; H, 1.14; Br 56.77; N, 5.04; O, 11.25. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 280.9.
(b)2,6−ジブロモ−4−エトキシカルボニル−ピリジンの調製 (B) Preparation of 2,6-dibromo-4-ethoxycarbonyl-pyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(j)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C8H7Br2NO2:計算値:C,31.10;H,2.28;Br,51.73;N,4.53;O,10.36;実測値C,31.22;H,2.15;Br,51.81;N,4.45;O,10.31。MS(ESIMS):m/z:308.9。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (j) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C8H7Br2NO2: Calculated value: C, 31.10; H, 2.28; Br, 51.73; N, 4.53; O, 10.36; Found C, 31.22; H, 2.15; Br , 51.81; N, 4.45; O, 10.31. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 308.9.
(c)2−トリブチル(4−ノナデシルピリジン−2−イル)スタンナンの調製 (C) Preparation of 2-tributyl (4-nonadecylpyridin-2-yl) stannane
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(d)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (d) of Synthesis Example 2.
(d)4’−エトキシカルボニル−4,4’’−ビス(ヘキサデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製 (D) Preparation of 4'-ethoxycarbonyl-4,4 "-bis (hexadecyl) -2,2 ': 6', 2" -terpyridine
2,6−ジブロモ−4−エトキシカルボニル−ピリジン(1ミリモル)、2−トリブチル(4−ノナデシルピリジン−2−イル)スタンナン(2ミリモル)および(Ph3P)4Pd(0.01当量)を、トルエン(50mL)中N2下で16時間加熱した。室温まで冷却する際に、飽和NH4Cl水溶液(20mL)を添加した。混合物を30分間攪拌し、次いでセライト上でろ過した。沈殿物をCH2Cl2(50mL)で洗浄し、有機相を分離した。水相をトルエンで抽出した。合わせた有機相をMgSO4で乾燥し、溶媒を除去した。濃HCl(30mL)を残渣に添加して、CH2Cl2で抽出した。水相を注意して固体のNaOHで中和した。次いで、生成物をCH2Cl2で抽出し、乾燥した。溶媒を除去し、精製物をシリカゲルのクロマトグラフィー(CH2Cl2/ヘキサン=1/2(溶離液))で精製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。収率:25%。C56H91N3O2:計算値:C,80.23;H,10.94;N,5.01;O,3.82;実測値C,80.05;H,10.99;N,5.23;O,3.71。MS(ESIMS):m/z:837.7。 2,6-dibromo-4-ethoxycarbonyl-pyridine (1 mmol), 2-tributyl (4-nonadecylpyridin-2-yl) stannane (2 mmol) and (Ph 3 P) 4 Pd (0.01 eq) Was heated under N 2 in toluene (50 mL) for 16 hours. Upon cooling to room temperature, saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl (20 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then filtered over celite. The precipitate was washed with CH 2 Cl 2 (50 mL) and the organic phase was separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with toluene. The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent was removed. Concentrated HCl (30 mL) was added to the residue and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The aqueous phase was carefully neutralized with solid NaOH. The product was then extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 and dried. The solvent was removed, and the purified product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (CH 2 Cl 2 / hexane = 1/2 (eluent)). The analysis results are as follows. Yield: 25%. C56H91N3O2: Calculated value: C, 80.23; H, 10.94; N, 5.01; O, 3.82; Found C, 80.05; H, 10.99; N, 5.23; 3.71. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 837.7.
(合成例6)
4−(ノナデシル)−4’−(ヘキサデシル)−4’’(エトキシカルボニル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製
(a)3−オキソ−ノナデカン酸エチルエステルの調製
(Synthesis Example 6)
Preparation of 4- (nonadecyl) -4 ′-(hexadecyl) -4 ″ (ethoxycarbonyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine (a) Preparation of 3-oxo-nonadecanoic acid ethyl ester
THF中の水酸化ナトリウム(1.2g、50ミリモル)の溶液に、蒸留したエチルアセトアセテート(4.16g、32ミリモル)を滴下して加えた。生じた混合物を室温にて30分間攪拌し、次いで−78℃にて冷却した。ヘキサン中のn−ブチルリチウム(16.1mL、35.2ミリモル)の溶液を滴下して加えた。0℃にてさらに1時間攪拌した後、THF中の1−ブロモヘキサデカン(19.1ミリモル)を添加して、混合物を12時間攪拌した。エタノール(15mL)を室温にてゆっくりと添加した。生じた溶液をセライトのパッドを通してろ過し、減圧下で濃縮して、シリカゲルのクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、表題化合物を固状物として得た。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C21H40O3:計算値:C,74.07;H,11.84;O,14.19;実測値C,73.98;H,11.59;O,14.25。MS(ESIMS):m/z:340.3。 To a solution of sodium hydroxide (1.2 g, 50 mmol) in THF, distilled ethyl acetoacetate (4.16 g, 32 mmol) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and then cooled at -78 ° C. A solution of n-butyllithium (16.1 mL, 35.2 mmol) in hexane was added dropwise. After stirring for an additional hour at 0 ° C., 1-bromohexadecane (19.1 mmol) in THF was added and the mixture was stirred for 12 hours. Ethanol (15 mL) was added slowly at room temperature. The resulting solution was filtered through a pad of celite, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound as a solid. The analysis results are as follows. C21H40O3: Calculated: C, 74.07; H, 11.84; O, 14.19; Found C, 73.98; H, 11.59; O, 14.25. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 340.3.
(b)3−シアノ−2,6−ジヒドロキシ−4−ヘキサデシル−ピリジンの調製 (B) Preparation of 3-cyano-2,6-dihydroxy-4-hexadecyl-pyridine
3−オキソ−ノナデカン酸エチルエステル(11.3ミリモル)、シアノアセトアミド(0.95g、11.3ミリモル)およびピペリジン(0.95g、11.3ミリモル)のメタノール溶液(3mL)を還流して24時間加熱した。溶媒をエバポレートし、残渣を熱水中に溶解した。生成物を濃HClの添加により沈殿させ、氷水およびCHCl3で洗浄し、減圧下で乾燥して、表題化合物を白色の分状物として得た。分析した結果は次のとおりである。収率40%。C22H36N2O2:計算値:C,73.29;H,10.06;N,7.77;O,8.88;実測値C,73.35;H,10.12;N,7.85;O,8.97。MS(ESIMS):m/z:360.3。 A solution of 3-oxo-nonadecanoic acid ethyl ester (11.3 mmol), cyanoacetamide (0.95 g, 11.3 mmol) and piperidine (0.95 g, 11.3 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) was brought to reflux. Heated for hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in hot water. The product was precipitated by the addition of concentrated HCl, washed with ice water and CHCl 3 and dried under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a white fraction. The analysis results are as follows. Yield 40%. C22H36N2O2: Calculated: C, 73.29; H, 10.06; N, 7.77; O, 8.88; Found C, 73.35; H, 10.12; N, 7.85; , 8.97. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 360.3.
(c)2,6−ジヒドロキシ−4−ヘキサデシル−ピリジンの調製 (C) Preparation of 2,6-dihydroxy-4-hexadecyl-pyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(f)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C21H37NO2:計算値:C,75.17;H,11.12;N,4.17;O,9.54;実測値C,75.03;H,11.09;N,4.25;O,9.38。MS(ESIMS):m/z:335.3。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (f) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C21H37NO2: Calculated values: C, 75.17; H, 11.12; N, 4.17; O, 9.54; Found C, 75.03; H, 11.09; N, 4.25; , 9.38. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 335.3.
(d)2,6−ジブロモ−4−ヘキサデシル−ピリジンの調製 (D) Preparation of 2,6-dibromo-4-hexadecyl-pyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(g)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C21H35Br2N:計算値:C,54.67;H,7.65;Br,34.64;N,3.04;実測値C,54.84;H,7.61;Br,34.52;N,3.11。MS(ESIMS):m/z:461.1。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in step (g) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C21H35Br2N: Calculated value: C, 54.67; H, 7.65; Br, 34.64; N, 3.04; Found C, 54.84; H, 7.61; Br, 34.52; N , 3.11. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 461.1.
(e)2−トリブチル(4−ノナデシルピリジン−2−イル)スタンナンの調製 (E) Preparation of 2-tributyl (4-nonadecylpyridin-2-yl) stannane
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(a−d)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (ad) of Synthesis Example 2.
(f)6−ブロモ−4−ヘキサデシル−4’−ノナデシル−2,2’−ビピリジンの調製 (F) Preparation of 6-bromo-4-hexadecyl-4'-nonadecyl-2,2'-bipyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(h)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C45H77Br2N2:計算値:C,74.45;H,10.69;Br,11.01;N,3.86;実測値C,74.59;H,10.84;Br,11.13;N,3.82。MS(ESIMS):m/z:724.5。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (h) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C45H77Br2N2: Calculated value: C, 74.45; H, 10.69; Br, 11.01; N, 3.86; Found C, 74.59; H, 10.84; Br, 11.13; N , 3.82. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 724.5.
(g)6−トリブチルスタンニル−4−ヘキサデシル−4’−ノナデシル−2,2’−ビピリジンの調製 (G) Preparation of 6-tributylstannyl-4-hexadecyl-4'-nonadecyl-2,2'-bipyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(e)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C57H104N2Sn:計算値:C,73.13;H,11.20;N,2.99;Sn,12.68;実測値C,73.22;H,11.28;N,3.01;Sn,12.59;。MS(ESIMS):m/z:936.7。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (e) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C57H104N2Sn: Calculated value: C, 73.13; H, 11.20; N, 2.99; Sn, 12.68; Found C, 73.22; H, 11.28; N, 3.01; Sn , 12.59; MS (ESIMS): m / z: 936.7.
(h)2−ブロモ−4−カルボキシ−ピリジンの調製 (H) Preparation of 2-bromo-4-carboxy-pyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(i)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C6H4BrNO2:計算値:C,35.67;H,2.00;Br,39.56;N,6.93;O,15.84;実測値C,35.75;H,2.03;Br,39.61;N,6.90;O,15.77。MS(ESIMS):m/z:200.9。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (i) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C6H4BrNO2: Calculated value: C, 35.67; H, 2.00; Br, 39.56; N, 6.93; O, 15.84; Found C, 35.75; H, 2.03; Br 39.61; N, 6.90; O, 15.77. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 200.9.
(i)2−ブロモ−4−エトキシカルボニル−ピリジンの調製 (I) Preparation of 2-bromo-4-ethoxycarbonyl-pyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(j)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C8H8BrNO2:計算値:C,41.77;H,3.50;Br,34.73;N,6.09;O,13.91;実測値C,41.87;H,3.45;Br,34.82;N,6.03;O,14.01。MS(ESIMS):m/z:229.0。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (j) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C8H8BrNO2: Calculated values: C, 41.77; H, 3.50; Br, 34.73; N, 6.09; O, 13.91; Found C, 41.87; H, 3.45; Br , 34.82; N, 6.03; O, 14.01. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 229.0.
(j)4−(ノナデシル)−4’−(ヘキサデシル)−4’’(エトキシカルボニル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンの調製 (J) Preparation of 4- (nonadecyl) -4 '-(hexadecyl) -4 "(ethoxycarbonyl) -2,2': 6 ', 2" -terpyridine
表題化合物を合成例2のステップ(k)に記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。分析した結果は次のとおりである。C53H85N3O2:計算値:C,79.94;H,10.76;N,5.28;O,4.02;実測値C,79.89;H,10.70;N,5.31;O,3.98。MS(ESIMS):m/z:795.7。 The title compound was prepared by a procedure similar to that described in Step (k) of Synthesis Example 2. The analysis results are as follows. C53H85N3O2: Calculated: C, 79.94; H, 10.76; N, 5.28; O, 4.02; Found C, 79.89; H, 10.70; N, 5.31; , 3.98. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 795.7.
(合成例7)
2,6−ビス−(アミノメチル)−ピリジンの調製
(a)2,6−ビス(ブロモメチル)−ピリジンを、J.Am.Chem.Soc.1977,99,6392に記載の手順により調製した。
(Synthesis Example 7)
Preparation of 2,6-bis- (aminomethyl) -pyridine (a) 2,6-bis (bromomethyl) -pyridine was prepared according to J. Am. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 6392.
(b)2,6−ビス−(アミノメチル)−ピリジンの調製
加熱還流したヘキサメチレントリアミン(10.4ミリモル)のCHCl3溶液(50mL)に、2,6−ビス−(ブロモメチル)−ピリジン(4.97ミリモル)のCHCl3溶液(50mL)を滴下して加え、混合物をさらに3時間還流した。混合物を室温まで冷却させ、放置した。固体沈着物をろ過して取り除き、乾燥し、H2O/EtOH/濃HCl中で懸濁した。混合物を、固体が完全に溶解するまで70℃にて攪拌した。塩(2,6−ビス−(アミノメチル)−ピリジン)HCl(室温にて一晩放置することにより溶液から再結晶して得られた)をろ過し、乾燥した。収率70%。計算値:C7H11N3:C,61.29;H,8.08;N,30.63。実測値:C,61.45;H.8.00;N,30.44。MS(ESIMS):m/z:137.10。
(B) Preparation of 2,6-bis- (aminomethyl) -pyridine Heated to refluxed hexamethylenetriamine (10.4 mmol) in CHCl 3 (50 mL) was added 2,6-bis- (bromomethyl) -pyridine ( 4.97 mmol) of CHCl 3 solution (50 mL) was added dropwise and the mixture was refluxed for an additional 3 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and left to stand. The solid deposit was filtered off, dried and suspended in H 2 O / EtOH / conc. HCl. The mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. until the solid was completely dissolved. The salt (2,6-bis- (aminomethyl) -pyridine) HCl (obtained by recrystallization from solution by standing overnight at room temperature) was filtered and dried. Yield 70%. Calculated: C7H11N3: C, 61.29; H, 8.08; N, 30.63. Found: C, 61.45; 8.00; N, 30.44. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 137.10.
(合成例8)
2−ヒドロキシ−1,3−ベンゼンジカルボン酸の調製
表題化合物を、Chem.Bar 1889,12,816に記載の手順と同様の手順により、2−メトキシイソフタル酸から調製した。計算値:C8H6O5:C,52.76;H,3.32;O,43.92。実測値:C,52.45;H,3.30;O,43.52。MS(ESIMS):m/z:182.02。
(Synthesis Example 8)
Preparation of 2-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid The title compound was prepared according to Chem. Prepared from 2-methoxyisophthalic acid by a procedure similar to that described in Bar 1889, 12, 816. Calculated: C8H6O5: C, 52.76; H, 3.32; O, 43.92. Found: C, 52.45; H, 3.30; O, 43.52. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 182.02.
(実施例1)
式:RuL1L2錯体の調製(ここで、L1は、4,4’,4’’−トリカルボキシ−2,2’:6’,2’−ターピリジンであり、L2はジエチレントリアミン(以下detaと示す)である)(下記表中の1a)
(a)Ru(4,4’,4’’−トリメトキシカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)Cl3の調製)
エタノール(50ml)およびRuCl3(0.26g)をアルゴン下で反応させた。混合物を2分間攪拌した後、4,4’,4’’−トリメトキシカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン(0.4g)のジクロロメタン溶液(50mL)を添加した。反応混合物をアルゴン下2時間還流した。この溶液を20mLまで濃縮し、反応混合物を室温まで冷却した。沈殿したRu(4,4’,4’’−トリメトキシカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)Cl3を、焼結ガラス坩堝上で収集し、エタノールで洗浄した。収率85%。計算値:C21H17Cl3N3O6Ru:C,41.03;H,2.79;N,6.83。実測値:C,41.30;H,2.67;N,6.76。MS(ESIMS):m/z:613.92。
Example 1
Formula: Preparation of RuL 1 L 2 Complex (where L 1 is 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tricarboxy-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2′-terpyridine and L 2 is diethylenetriamine (hereinafter (denoted as data)) (1a in the table below)
(A) Preparation of Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -trimethoxycarbonyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) Cl 3 )
Ethanol (50 ml) and RuCl 3 (0.26 g) were reacted under argon. After the mixture was stirred for 2 minutes, 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -trimethoxycarbonyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine (0.4 g) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hours under argon. The solution was concentrated to 20 mL and the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Precipitated Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -trimethoxycarbonyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) Cl 3 was collected on a sintered glass crucible and washed with ethanol. Yield 85%. Calculated: C21H17Cl3N3O6Ru: C, 41.03; H, 2.79; N, 6.83. Found: C, 41.30; H, 2.67; N, 6.76. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 613.92.
(b)Ru(4,4’,4’’−トリカルボキシ−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(deta)の調製
Ru(4,4’,4’’−トリメトキシカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)Cl3(300mg、0.5ミリモル)のDMF溶液(100mL)に、ジエチレントリアミン(2.0ミリモル)Et3N(0.5mL)を添加した。反応混合物を8時間還流した。次いで、10mLのEt3Nを添加し、溶液を24時間還流して、ターピリジンリガンドのエステル基を加水分解した。反応混合物を冷却し、溶媒をロータリーエバポレータで除去した。生じた固体を、0.1M NaOH水溶液中に溶解し、Ru(4,4’,4’’−トリカルボキシ−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(deta)を0.1M HNO3の添加により沈殿させた。生じた沈殿物をろ過および乾燥した。単離した固体を、メタノール−ジエチルエーテルから再結晶し、その後、さらにSephadex LH20カラム(溶離液としてメタノールを用いる)により精製した。収率75%。計算値:C22H24Cl2N6O6Ru:C,41.26;H,3.78;N,13.12。実測値:C,41.04;H,3.73;N,13.03。MS(ESIMS):m/z:640.02。
(B) Preparation of Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tricarboxy-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (data) Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -trimethoxycarbonyl Diethylenetriamine (2.0 mmol) Et 3 N (0.5 mL) was added to a DMF solution (100 mL) of −2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) Cl 3 (300 mg, 0.5 mmol). did. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 8 hours. 10 mL Et 3 N was then added and the solution was refluxed for 24 hours to hydrolyze the ester group of the terpyridine ligand. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator. The resulting solid was dissolved in 0.1M aqueous NaOH and Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tricarboxy-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (data) was dissolved in 0.1M. Precipitated by addition of HNO 3 . The resulting precipitate was filtered and dried. The isolated solid was recrystallized from methanol-diethyl ether and then further purified by a Sephadex LH20 column (using methanol as eluent). Yield 75%. Calculated: C22H24Cl2N6O6Ru: C, 41.26; H, 3.78; N, 13.12. Found: C, 41.04; H, 3.73; N, 13.03. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 640.02.
本実施例において、L1のピリジン環の4位の置換基を表のとおりに変更して合成した化合物No.1a〜jの金属錯体は次のとおりである。 In this example, compound No. 1 synthesized by changing the substituent at the 4-position of the pyridine ring of L 1 as shown in the table was used. The metal complexes 1a to j are as follows.
(実施例2)
RuL1L2(TBA)2錯体(L1は4,4’,4’’−トリカルボキシ−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンであり、L2は、2,6−ピリジンジメタノール(pdm)であり、TBAはテトラブチルアンモニウムイオンである)の調製(下記表中の2a)
(a)Ru(4,4’4’’−トリメトキシカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)Cl3の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップaに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。
(Example 2)
RuL 1 L 2 (TBA) 2 complex (L 1 is 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tricarboxy-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine, L 2 is 2,6-pyridine Preparation of dimethanol (pdm, TBA is tetrabutylammonium ion) (2a in the table below)
(A) Preparation of Ru (4,4′4 ″ -trimethoxycarbonyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) Cl 3 The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in step a of Example 1. Prepared by a similar procedure.
(b)Ru(4,4’,4’’−トリカルボキシ−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(pdm)の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップbに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。計算値:C25H18N4O8Ru:C,49.75;H,3.01;N,9.28。実測値:C,49.75;H,3.01;N,9.28。MS(ESIMS):m/z:604.02。
(B) Preparation of Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tricarboxy-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (pdm) The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in step b of Example 1. The same procedure was used. Calculated: C25H18N4O8Ru: C, 49.75; H, 3.01; N, 9.28. Found: C, 49.75; H, 3.01; N, 9.28. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 604.02.
(c)Ru(4,4’,4’’−トリカルボキシ−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(pdm)(TBA)2の調製
粉状のRu(4,4’,4’’−トリカルボキシ−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(pdm)を、0.1M テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド(TBAOH)水溶液中に溶解し、混合物を110℃まで4時間加熱した(溶液のpHは、計算値11)。生じた紫色の溶液をろ過し、少量の不溶物質を除去し、pHを希塩酸で5.0に調節した。密な沈殿物が即座に形成したが、懸濁液をろ過の前に遠心分離し、生成物を収集した。室温(25℃)まで冷却した後、焼結ガラス漏斗を通してろ過し、減圧下で乾燥した。計算値:C57H88N6O8Ru:C,63.02;H,8.16;N,7.7。実測値:C,63.02;H,8.16;N,7.7。MS(ESIMS):m/z:1086.57。
(C) Preparation of Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tricarboxy-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (pdm) (TBA) 2 Powdered Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tricarboxy-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (pdm) was dissolved in 0.1 M aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) and the mixture was heated to 110 ° C. for 4 hours. Heated (the pH of the solution was calculated 11). The resulting purple solution was filtered to remove a small amount of insoluble material and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 with dilute hydrochloric acid. A dense precipitate formed immediately, but the suspension was centrifuged prior to filtration and the product was collected. After cooling to room temperature (25 ° C.), it was filtered through a sintered glass funnel and dried under reduced pressure. Calculated: C57H88N6O8Ru: C, 63.02; H, 8.16; N, 7.7. Found: C, 63.02; H, 8.16; N, 7.7. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 1086.57.
本実施例において、L1のピリジン環の4位の置換基を表のとおりに変更して合成した化合物No.2a〜gの金属錯体は次のとおりである。 In this example, compound No. 1 synthesized by changing the substituent at the 4-position of the pyridine ring of L 1 as shown in the table was used. The metal complexes of 2a to g are as follows.
(実施例3)
RuL1L2錯体(L1は4,4’−ジカルボキシ−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’−ターピリジンであり、L2は、ジエチレントリアミン(deta)である)の調製(上記表中の1b)
(a)Ru(4,4’−ジエトキシカルボニル−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)Cl3の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップaに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。計算値:C39H53Cl3N3O6Ru:C,54.01;H,6.16;N,4.85。実測値:C,53.80;H,6.13;N,4.77。MS(ESIMS):m/z:866.20。
(Example 3)
RuL 1 L 2 complex (L 1 is 4,4′-dicarboxy-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2′-terpyridine, L 2 is diethylenetriamine (data)) (1b in the above table)
(A) Preparation of Ru (4,4′-diethoxycarbonyl-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) Cl 3 The title compound is transferred to step a of Example 1. Prepared by a procedure similar to that described. Calculated: C39H53Cl3N3O6Ru: C, 54.01; H, 6.16; N, 4.85. Found: C, 53.80; H, 6.13; N, 4.77. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 866.20.
(b)Ru(4,4’−ジカルボキシ−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(deta)の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップbに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。計算値:C41H62N6O6Ru:C,58.90;H,7.47;N,10.05。実測値:C,58.90;H,7.47;N,10.05。MS(ESIMS):m/z:836.38。
(B) Preparation of Ru (4,4′-dicarboxy-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (data) The title compound was transferred to step b of Example 1. Prepared by a procedure similar to that described. Calculated: C41H62N6O6Ru: C, 58.90; H, 7.47; N, 10.05. Found: C, 58.90; H, 7.47; N, 10.05. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 836.38.
(実施例4)
RuL1L2(TBA)錯体(L1は4,4’−ジカルボキシ−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’−ターピリジンであり、L2は、2,6−ピリジンジメタノール(pdm)であり、TBAはテトラブチルアンモニウムイオンである)の調製(上記表中の2b)
(a)Ru(4,4’−ジエトキシカルボニル−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)Cl3の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップaに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。
Example 4
RuL 1 L 2 (TBA) complex (L 1 is 4,4′-dicarboxy-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2′-terpyridine, L 2 is 2,6- Preparation of pyridine dimethanol (pdm, TBA is tetrabutylammonium ion) (2b in the above table)
(A) Preparation of Ru (4,4′-diethoxycarbonyl-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) Cl 3 The title compound was transferred to step a of Example 1. Prepared by a procedure similar to that described.
(b)Ru(4,4’−ジカルボキシ−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(pdm)の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップbに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。計算値:C44H56N4O8Ru:C,58.90;H,7.47;N,10.05。実測値:C,58.90;H,7.47;N,10.05。MS(ESIMS):m/z:870.31。
(B) Preparation of Ru (4,4′-dicarboxy-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (pdm) The title compound was transferred to step b of Example 1. Prepared by a procedure similar to that described. Calculated: C44H56N4O8Ru: C, 58.90; H, 7.47; N, 10.05. Found: C, 58.90; H, 7.47; N, 10.05. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 870.31.
(c)Ru(4,4’−ジカルボキシ−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(pdm)(TBA)の調製
表題化合物を、実施例2のステップcに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。計算値:C60H91N5O8Ru:C,64.84;H,8.25;N,6.30。実測値:C,64.84;H,8.25;N,6.30。MS(ESIMS):m/z:1111.59。
(C) Preparation of Ru (4,4′-dicarboxy-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (pdm) (TBA) The title compound of Example 2 Prepared by a procedure similar to the one described in step c. Calculated: C60H91N5O8Ru: C, 64.84; H, 8.25; N, 6.30. Found: C, 64.84; H, 8.25; N, 6.30. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 1111.59.
(実施例5)
RuL1L2錯体(L1は4,4’4’’−トリカルボキシ−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンであり、L2は、2,6−ビス(アミノメチル)−ピリジン(bamp))である)の調製(下記表中の3a)
(a)Ru(4,4’4’’−トリメトキシカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)Cl3の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップaに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。
(Example 5)
RuL 1 L 2 complex (L 1 is 4,4′4 ″ -tricarboxy-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine, L 2 is 2,6-bis (aminomethyl)- Pyridine (bamp))) (3a in the table below)
(A) Preparation of Ru (4,4′4 ″ -trimethoxycarbonyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) Cl 3 The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in step a of Example 1. Prepared by a similar procedure.
(b)Ru(4,4’,4’’−トリカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(bamp)の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップbに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。計算値:C25H22N6O6Ru:C,49.75;H,3.67;N,13.92。実測値:C,49.23;H,3.61;N,13.88。MS(ESIMS):m/z:604.06。
(B) Preparation of Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tricarbonyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (bamp) The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in step b of Example 1. The same procedure was used. Calculated: C25H22N6O6Ru: C, 49.75; H, 3.67; N, 13.92. Found: C, 49.23; H, 3.61; N, 13.88. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 604.06.
本実施例において、L1のピリジン環の4位の置換基を表のとおりに変更して合成した化合物No.3a〜lの金属錯体は次のとおりである。 In this example, compound No. 1 synthesized by changing the substituent at the 4-position of the pyridine ring of L 1 as shown in the table was used. The metal complexes of 3a to 1 are as follows.
(実施例6)
RuL1L2錯体(L1は4,4’−ジカルボキシ−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’−ターピリジンであり、L2は、2,6−ビス−(アミノメチル)−ピリジン(bamp)である)の調製(上記表中の3c)
(a)Ru(4,4’−ジエトキシカルボニル−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)Cl3の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップaに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。
(Example 6)
RuL 1 L 2 complex (L 1 is 4,4′-dicarboxy-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2′-terpyridine, L 2 is 2,6-bis- ( Aminomethyl) -pyridine (bamp)) (3c in the table above)
(A) Preparation of Ru (4,4′-diethoxycarbonyl-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) Cl 3 The title compound was transferred to step a of Example 1. Prepared by a procedure similar to that described.
(b)Ru(4,4’−ジカルボキシ−4’’(ノナデシル)−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(bamp)の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップbに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。計算値:C44H60N6O6Ru:C,60.74;H,6.95;N,9.66。実測値:C,60.74;H,6.95;N,9.66。MS(ESIMS):m/z:870.36。
(B) Preparation of Ru (4,4′-dicarboxy-4 ″ (nonadecyl) -2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (bamp) The title compound was transferred to step b of Example 1. Prepared by a procedure similar to that described. Calculated: C44H60N6O6Ru: C, 60.74; H, 6.95; N, 9.66. Found: C, 60.74; H, 6.95; N, 9.66. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 870.36.
(実施例7)
RuL1L2(TBA)3錯体(L1は4,4’4’’−トリカルボキシ−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジンであり、L2は、2−ヒドロキシ−1,3−ベンゼンジカルボン酸(hbdc)であり、TBAは、テトラブチルアンモニウムイオンである)の調製(下記表中の4a)
(a)Ru(4,4’4’’−トリメトキシカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)Cl3の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップaに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。
(Example 7)
RuL 1 L 2 (TBA) 3 complex (L 1 is 4,4′4 ″ -tricarboxy-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine, L 2 is 2-hydroxy-1, Preparation of 4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (hbdc) and TBA is tetrabutylammonium ion (4a in the table below)
(A) Preparation of Ru (4,4′4 ″ -trimethoxycarbonyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) Cl 3 The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in step a of Example 1. Prepared by a similar procedure.
(b)Ru(4,4’,4’’−トリカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(hbdc)の調製
表題化合物を、実施例1のステップbに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。計算値:C26H14N3O11Ru:C,48.38;H,2.19;N,6.51。実測値:C,48.05;H,2.11;N,6.61。MS(ESIMS):m/z:645.97。
(B) Preparation of Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tricarbonyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (hbdc) The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in step b of Example 1. The same procedure was used. Calculated: C26H14N3O11Ru: C, 48.38; H, 2.19; N, 6.51. Found: C, 48.05; H, 2.11; N, 6.61. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 645.97.
(c)Ru(4,4’,4’’−トリカルボニル−2,2’:6’,2’’−ターピリジン)(hbdc)(TBA)3の調製
表題化合物を、実施例2のステップcに記載の手順と同様の手順により調製した。計算値:C75H124N6O11Ru:C,64.95;H,9.01;N,6.06。実測値:C,64.34;H,9.12;N,6.00。MS(ESIMS):m/z:1386.84。
(C) Preparation of Ru (4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tricarbonyl-2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ″ -terpyridine) (hbdc) (TBA) 3 The title compound was prepared according to step c of Example 2. Prepared by a procedure similar to that described in 1. Calculated: C75H124N6O11Ru: C, 64.95; H, 9.01; N, 6.06. Found: C, 64.34; H, 9.12; N, 6.00. MS (ESIMS): m / z: 1386.84.
本実施例において、L1のピリジン環の4位の置換基を表のとおりに変更して合成した化合物No.4a〜fの金属錯体は次のとおりである。 In this example, compound No. 1 synthesized by changing the substituent at the 4-position of the pyridine ring of L 1 as shown in the table was used. The metal complexes of 4a to f are as follows.
(実施例8)
次に、本発明の金属錯体を用いた色素増感酸化物半導体電極、色素増感太陽電池およびその製造について以下の実施例において説明する。
(Example 8)
Next, a dye-sensitized oxide semiconductor electrode, a dye-sensitized solar cell and production thereof using the metal complex of the present invention will be described in the following examples.
市販の酸化チタンペースト(Solaronix社製、商品名Ti-Nanoxide D、平均粒径13nm)を、ドクターブレード法により、透明導電膜であるSnO2膜が蒸着された透明基板であるガラス板(日本板硝子社製)に塗布し、100℃で10分間予備乾燥し、次いで500℃で30分間焼成し、膜厚16μmの酸化チタン膜を得た。 A glass plate (Nippon Sheet Glass) which is a transparent substrate on which a commercially available titanium oxide paste (manufactured by Solaronix, trade name Ti-Nanoxide D, average particle size 13 nm) is deposited by a doctor blade method on which a SnO 2 film as a transparent conductive film is deposited And pre-dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then baked at 500 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a titanium oxide film having a thickness of 16 μm.
上記実施例1において得た金属錯体(1a)を5×10−4mol/lの濃度となるようエタノールに溶解し、溶液を調製した。次に、上記の酸化チタン膜を形成したガラス板を、この溶液中に5時間浸漬し、増感色素を酸化チタン膜に吸着させて、色素増感酸化物半導体電極を形成した。 The metal complex (1a) obtained in Example 1 was dissolved in ethanol to a concentration of 5 × 10 −4 mol / l to prepare a solution. Next, the glass plate on which the titanium oxide film was formed was immersed in this solution for 5 hours, and the sensitizing dye was adsorbed on the titanium oxide film to form a dye-sensitized oxide semiconductor electrode.
上述と同じ構成の透明導電性ガラス板に白金膜を300nm蒸着して対電極を形成した。この対電極と上記色素増感酸化物半導体電極との間に電解液を注入し、それらの側面を樹脂でシールした。電解液は、アセトニトリル(アルドリッチ製)にLiI(0.1M、アルドリッチ製)、I2(0.05M、アルドリッチ製)、t-ブチルピリジン(0.5M、アルドリッチ製)、ヨウ化ジメチルプロピルイミダゾリウム (0.6M、四国化成製)を溶解したものを用いた。その後、各電極にリード線を取付けて、色素増感太陽電池を得た。 A platinum film was deposited to 300 nm on a transparent conductive glass plate having the same structure as described above to form a counter electrode. An electrolyte solution was injected between the counter electrode and the dye-sensitized oxide semiconductor electrode, and the side surfaces thereof were sealed with a resin. The electrolytes were acetonitrile (Aldrich), LiI (0.1M, Aldrich), I 2 (0.05M, Aldrich), t-butylpyridine (0.5M, Aldrich), dimethylpropylimidazolium iodide. What dissolved (0.6M, Shikoku Chemicals) was used. Then, the lead wire was attached to each electrode and the dye-sensitized solar cell was obtained.
得られた色素増感太陽電池に、100W/m2の強度の光(AM1.5ソーラーシミュレータ)を照射したところ、短絡電流21.2mA/cm2、開放電圧0.68V、FF0.65、光電変換効率(η)9.4%が得られた。 When the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell was irradiated with light having an intensity of 100 W / m 2 (AM1.5 solar simulator), a short-circuit current of 21.2 mA / cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage of 0.68 V, FF 0.65, photoelectric A conversion efficiency (η) of 9.4% was obtained.
(比較例1)
市販のブラックダイ色素(X)(Solaronix社製、商品名Ruthenium620−1H3TBA)を用いた以外は、実施例7と同様にして色素増感太陽電池を作製した。
(Comparative Example 1)
A dye-sensitized solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that a commercially available black dye (X) (manufactured by Solaronix, trade name Ruthenium620-1H3TBA) was used.
得られた色素増感太陽電池に、100W/m2の強度の光(AM1.5ソーラーシミュレータ)を照射したところ、短絡電流17.8mA/cm2、開放電圧0.62V、FF=0.65、光電変換効率(η)7.2%が得られた。 When the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell was irradiated with light having an intensity of 100 W / m 2 (AM1.5 solar simulator), a short-circuit current of 17.8 mA / cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage of 0.62 V, and FF = 0.65. A photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of 7.2% was obtained.
(実施例9)
実施例 で得られた金属錯体(1b)を用いた以外は、実施例8と同様にして色素増感太陽電池を調製した。
Example 9
A dye-sensitized solar cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the metal complex (1b) obtained in Example was used.
得られた色素増感太陽電池に、100W/m2の強度の光(AM1.5ソーラーシミュレータ)を照射したところ、短絡電流19.8mA/cm2、開放電圧0.70V、FF0.70、光電変換効率(η)9.7%が得られた。 When the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell was irradiated with light having an intensity of 100 W / m 2 (AM1.5 solar simulator), a short-circuit current of 19.8 mA / cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage of 0.70 V, FF of 0.70, photoelectric A conversion efficiency (η) of 9.7% was obtained.
(実施例10)
実施例 で得られた金属錯体(3a)を用いた以外は、実施例8と同様にして色素増感太陽電池を調製した。
(Example 10)
A dye-sensitized solar cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the metal complex (3a) obtained in Example was used.
得られた色素増感太陽電池に、100W/m2の強度の光(AM1.5ソーラーシミュレータ)を照射したところ、短絡電流21.5mA/cm2、開放電圧0.68V、FF0.67、光電変換効率(η)9.8%が得られた。 When the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell was irradiated with light having an intensity of 100 W / m 2 (AM1.5 solar simulator), a short-circuit current of 21.5 mA / cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage of 0.68 V, FF 0.67, photoelectric A conversion efficiency (η) of 9.8% was obtained.
(実施例11)
実施例 で得られた金属錯体(3c)を用いた以外は、実施例8と同様にして色素増感太陽電池を調製した。
(Example 11)
A dye-sensitized solar cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the metal complex (3c) obtained in Example was used.
得られた色素増感太陽電池に、100W/m2の強度の光(AM1.5ソーラーシミュレータ)を照射したところ、短絡電流21.0mA/cm2、開放電圧0.70V、FF0.69、光電変換効率(η)10.1%が得られた。 When the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell was irradiated with light having an intensity of 100 W / m 2 (AM1.5 solar simulator), a short-circuit current of 21.0 mA / cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage of 0.70 V, FF 0.69, photoelectric A conversion efficiency (η) of 10.1% was obtained.
(実施例12)
実施例 で得られた金属錯体(2b)を用いた以外は、実施例8と同様にして色素増感太陽電池を調製した。
Example 12
A dye-sensitized solar cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the metal complex (2b) obtained in Example was used.
得られた色素増感太陽電池に、100W/m2の強度の光(AM1.5ソーラーシミュレータ)を照射したところ、短絡電流18.9mA/cm2、開放電圧0.72V、FF0.69、光電変換効率(η)9.4%が得られた。 When the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell was irradiated with light having an intensity of 100 W / m 2 (AM1.5 solar simulator), a short-circuit current of 18.9 mA / cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage of 0.72 V, FF 0.69, photoelectric A conversion efficiency (η) of 9.4% was obtained.
(実施例13)
実施例 で得られた金属錯体(4a)を用いた以外は、実施例8と同様にして色素増感太陽電池を調製した。
(Example 13)
A dye-sensitized solar cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the metal complex (4a) obtained in Example was used.
得られた色素増感太陽電池に、100W/m2の強度の光(AM1.5ソーラーシミュレータ)を照射したところ、短絡電流19.1mA/cm2、開放電圧0.74V、FF0.68、光電変換効率(η)9.6%が得られた。 When the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell was irradiated with light having an intensity of 100 W / m 2 (AM1.5 solar simulator), a short-circuit current of 19.1 mA / cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage of 0.74 V, FF 0.68, photoelectric A conversion efficiency (η) of 9.6% was obtained.
(実施例14)
上記実施例8〜13、比較例1で作製した色素増感太陽電池を55℃下にて24時間光照射(100mW/cm2)した後に測定した太陽電池特性を次の表に示す。
(Example 14)
The following table shows the solar cell characteristics measured after light irradiation (100 mW / cm 2 ) of the dye-sensitized solar cells prepared in Examples 8 to 13 and Comparative Example 1 at 55 ° C. for 24 hours.
今回開示された実施の形態および実施例はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。 It should be understood that the embodiments and examples disclosed herein are illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.
本発明の金属錯体は、水分解などの用光触媒、有機半導体材料、発光材料などに応用することができる。 The metal complex of the present invention can be applied to photocatalysts for water splitting, organic semiconductor materials, luminescent materials, and the like.
1 支持基板、2 透明導電膜、3 白金層、4 キャリア輸送層、5 金属錯体、6 半導体層、7,8 透明導電膜。
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (7)
ML1L2 (1)
ここで、Mは、ルテニウム、オスミウム、鉄、レニウムおよびテクネチウムからなる群より選択され、
L1は、下記の式:
L2は、下記の式IIa、IIb、IIcおよびIId:
ML 1 L 2 (1)
Where M is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhenium and technetium;
L 1 is represented by the following formula:
L 2 is represented by the following formulas IIa, IIb, IIc and IId:
対電極と、
前記電極と前記対電極に挟持されたキャリア輸送層と、
を含む太陽電池であって、前記半導体層は、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の金属錯体を担持していることを特徴とする、色素増感太陽電池。 An electrode in which a transparent conductive film and a semiconductor layer are laminated in this order on a support substrate;
A counter electrode;
A carrier transport layer sandwiched between the electrode and the counter electrode;
A dye-sensitized solar cell, wherein the semiconductor layer carries the metal complex according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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