JP4440028B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool that processes a workpiece using a processing tool.

  In a typical lathe (for example, an NC lathe) as a machine tool for cutting a workpiece, a spindle for rotationally driving the workpiece is rotatably supported by a lathe body. On the other hand, the machining tool is supported by the lathe body so as to be movable in the X-axis direction (the radial direction of the workpiece) and the Z-axis direction (the axial direction of the workpiece) (for example, see Patent Document 1). That is, the bed structure of the lathe body supports a first moving member that can reciprocate in the Z-axis direction, and a second moving member that supports reciprocating movement in the X-axis direction is supported by the first moving member. The processing tool is detachably attached to the second moving member.

JP 2000-117507 A

  In the lathe described above, the guide surface (slide surface) of the first moving member and the guide surface (slide surface) of the second moving member are arranged, for example, on the horizontal plane with an interval in the vertical direction. Relatedly, the bed structure of the lathe body becomes complicated, and a relatively large space is required for arranging the two axes of the Z axis and the X axis, which is one of the major constraints on the design of the NC lathe. It has become. Further, since the bed structure of the lathe body is complicated, it is easily accompanied by thermal deformation during processing, and countermeasures are required for stable and highly accurate processing.

  In another example of a typical conventional lathe, for example, the main shaft is supported on the lathe body so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and for example, the processing tool is movable in the X-axis direction. In such a lathe, there is also a configuration in which an X-axis slide (moving member that moves in the X-axis direction) to which a processing tool is attached has a certain angle in order to improve the chip discharging property. In such a case, a saddle-shaped bed structure having a predetermined angle with respect to the same plane or a bed structure having an angle in itself is employed. Therefore, even in this case, the bed structure becomes complicated, and the space for sliding the two axes becomes large, which requires a large installation space. Further, the bed structure becomes complicated. It becomes susceptible to thermal deformation during processing.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool capable of simplifying the configuration and reducing the size of the entire machine.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine tool main body for processing a workpiece, and a bed structure of the machine tool main body that is reciprocally movable in a lateral direction via first guide support means. A first moving member that is supported, and a second moving member that is supported by the bed structure so as to be reciprocally movable in the front-rear direction substantially orthogonal to the lateral direction via second guide support means. , And
A spindle for rotationally driving the workpiece is attached to the first moving member, and a processing tool for processing the workpiece is attached to the second moving member,
The bed structure has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the first guide support means includes a pair of first guide support rails arranged on an upper surface portion of the bed structure, and the pair of first guide support rails Defining a substantially horizontal guide surface for guiding the first moving member;
The pair of first guide support rails are substantially symmetrically arranged in the front-rear direction with respect to the axis of the main shaft, and the first moving member has a substantially symmetrical structure in the front-rear direction with respect to the axis of the main shaft. Configured,
The second guide support means includes a pair of second guide support rails arranged in the vertical direction on the side surface of the bed structure, and the upper guide support rails of the pair of second guide support rails. Is provided at the upper end of the bed structure, and the pair of second guide rails define a substantially vertical guide surface for guiding the second moving member, and the guide of the first moving member The surface and the guide surface of the second moving member are substantially orthogonal to each other.

According to the machine tool of the first aspect of the present invention, the first moving member is supported by the upper surface portion of the substantially rectangular parallelepiped bed structure so as to be movable in the lateral direction via the first guide support means, The second moving member is supported on the side surface of the bed structure so as to be movable in the front-rear direction via the second guide support means, and the guide surface of the first moving member by the first guide support means and the second Since the guide surface of the second moving member by the guide support means is substantially orthogonal, the machine tool body including the bed structure can be reduced in size and the configuration can be simplified. Further, the above-described arrangement of the guide surfaces also reduces design restrictions related to the first and second guide support means, and simplifies the configuration of the guide support means. It is possible to stably support the two moving members. The main shaft for rotationally driving the workpiece is attached to the first moving member, and the processing tool is attached to the second moving member.
Further, since the bed structure has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, the first guide support means is disposed on the upper surface portion of the bed structure, and the second guide support means is disposed on the side surface portion of the bed structure. Even in connection with such a configuration, the machine tool body including the bed structure can be downsized. Further, the pair of first guide support rails of the first guide support means are disposed substantially symmetrically in the front-rear direction with respect to the axis of the main shaft, and the first moving member is substantially symmetrical in the front-rear direction with respect to the axis of the main shaft. which is configured in arrangement, effectively suppressing the influence of the thermal deformation during processing, it is possible to perform high-precision processing.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a machine tool according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of an NC lathe as an example of a machine tool according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state where an NC input unit is removed from a lathe body in the NC lathe of FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the bed structure of the lathe body of the NC lathe of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a front view showing the bed structure of FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is the bed of FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram schematically showing a control system of the NC lathe of FIG.

  1 and 2, the illustrated NC lathe as an example of a machine tool includes a lathe body 2 as a machine tool body, and the lathe body 2 is installed on a floor surface of a factory or the like. In this embodiment, the lower part of the lathe body 2 has a bed structure 4 (see FIG. 3), and side walls 6 are integrally provided on three surfaces (front surface, rear surface and left side surface) of the bed structure 4. The remaining one side, that is, the right side is covered with a removable lower cover 8. An upper main body 10 is attached to the upper left part of the bed structure 4.

3 to 5, in this embodiment, the bed structure 4 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, the first guide support means 12 is provided on the upper surface portion thereof, and the right side surface portion thereof (FIGS. 3 to 5). The second guide support means 14 is provided on the right side surface portion in FIG. The first guide support means 12 is a pair of first guides arranged at intervals in the front-rear direction (the direction from the lower left to the upper right in FIG. 3, the direction perpendicular to the paper in FIG. 4, the vertical direction in FIG. 5). The first guide support rails 16a and 16b are constituted by support rails 16a and 16b, and the first guide support rails 16a and 16b are substantially parallel to the left and right direction of the lathe body 2 (first direction which is a lateral direction) (left and right direction in FIGS. 3 to 5). It extends to. The second guide support means 14 is composed of a pair of second guide support rails 18a and 18b arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, and the second guide support rails 18a and 18b are provided in the lathe body 2. In the front-rear direction (second direction which is a front-rear direction substantially perpendicular to the lateral direction). Of the pair of second guide support rails 18a and 18b, the upper second guide support rail 18a is provided at the upper end portion of the bed structure 4 as clearly shown in FIGS.

  A first moving member 20 is supported by the pair of first guide support rails 16a and 16b so as to be movable in the lateral direction along these. The first moving member 20 is composed of a block-shaped member, and one end (front end) thereof is supported by one first guide support rail 16a, and the other end (rear end) is the other first. It is supported by the guide support rail 16b.

  A main shaft (not shown) is rotatably supported at the center in the front-rear direction of the first moving member 20, and chuck means 22 for chucking the workpiece is attached to the tip of the main shaft. Yes. An electric motor 24 as a rotational drive source is attached to the outer side surface (the left side surface in FIGS. 3 to 5) of the first moving member 20, and this electric motor 24 is drivingly connected to the main shaft. Accordingly, when the electric motor 24 is operated, the main shaft is rotationally driven in a predetermined direction.

  An electric motor 26 as a first drive source is attached to the bed structure 4 side. The electric motor 26 is composed of a motor that can rotate in the forward and reverse directions, and is drivingly connected to first moving means (not shown) such as a ball screw for moving the first moving member 20. Accordingly, when the electric motor 26 is rotated in a predetermined direction (or in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction), the first moving member 20 (the main shaft, the chuck means 22, the electric motor 24, and the like are also integrated) is paired with the first guide support. It moves along the rails 16a and 16b in the horizontal direction indicated by the arrow 28 (or 30), in other words, in the Z-axis direction (first direction) that is the axial direction of the main shaft. At this time, as can be understood from FIGS. 3 to 5, the guide surface of the first moving member 20 guided by the first guide support means 12, that is, the slide surface becomes a substantially horizontal surface.

  A second moving member 32 is supported on the pair of second guide support rails 18a and 18b so as to be movable in the front-rear direction along these. The second moving member 32 is composed of a rectangular parallelepiped block, and one end (upper end) thereof is supported by one second guide support rail 18a, and the other end (lower end) is supported by the other second guide support. It is supported by the rail 18b.

  A tool post block 34 to which a processing tool 33 (see FIG. 5) for processing a workpiece is detachably attached is attached to the upper end surface of the second moving member 32. Moves integrally with the second moving member 32. The tool post block 34 is provided with a predetermined processing tool 33 corresponding to the processing to be performed on the workpiece, for example, a cutting tool.

  An electric motor 36 (see FIG. 5) as a second drive source is attached to the bed structure 4 side. The electric motor 36 is also composed of a motor that can rotate forward and reverse, and is drivingly connected to second moving means (not shown) such as a ball screw for moving the second moving member 32. Therefore, when the electric motor 36 rotates in a predetermined direction (or in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction), the second moving member 32 (including the tool post block 34 and the like) is moved to the pair of second guide support rails 18a and 18b. Along the front-rear direction indicated by the arrow 38 (or 40), in other words, the X-axis direction (second direction) which is the radial direction of the main shaft (the radial direction of the workpiece rotated integrally therewith). . At this time, as can be understood from FIGS. 3 to 5, the guide surface of the second moving member 32 guided by the second guide support means 14, that is, the slide surface is a substantially vertical surface.

  Since this NC lathe has the above-described configuration, it has the following characteristics. First, the first guide support means 12 is provided on the upper surface portion of the bed structure 4, and the second guide support means 14 is provided on the right side surface portion of the bed structure 4. Since the guide surface of the first moving member 20 and the guide surface of the second moving member 32 by the second guide support means 14 are substantially perpendicular to each other, as can be understood from FIGS. In addition, the area occupied by the second moving members 20 and 32 can be reduced, whereby the bed structure 4 can be simplified and the space can be saved, and the lathe body 2 can be reduced in size.

  Second, in connection with the configuration as described above, the pair of first guide support rails 16a and 16b of the first guide support means 12 are substantially symmetrical in the front-rear direction on the upper surface of the bed structure 4. The pair of second guide support rails 18a and 18b of the second guide support means 14 can be arranged substantially symmetrically in the vertical direction on the right side surface portion of the bed structure 4 in this way. By arranging symmetrically, the thermal influence at the time of a process can be decreased, and the fall of the process precision by a thermal deformation can be suppressed. In particular, the pair of first guide support rails 16a and 16b are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of the main shaft attached to the first moving member 20, and the first moving member 20 is also arranged with respect to the main shaft. By using a symmetrical arrangement structure, the influence of thermal deformation can be greatly suppressed.

  In the embodiment described above, the first moving member 20 can be moved laterally to the upper surface of the left part of the bed structure 4 and the second moving member 32 can be moved to the right side of the bed structure 4 in the front-rear direction. However, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration, and the first moving member 20 can be moved laterally to the upper surface of the right portion of the bed structure 4 and the second moving member 32 can be moved to the bed structure 4. You may make it arrange | position to the left side part so that a movement in the front-back direction is possible. Alternatively, instead of these configurations, the second moving member 32 may be disposed on the front surface (or rear surface) of the bed structure 4 so as to be movable in the lateral direction. In this case, the first moving member 20 is It is arranged on the upper surface of the bed structure 4 so as to be movable in the front-back direction.

  In the above-described embodiment, the main shaft (not shown) is attached to the first moving member 20, and the processing tool 33 is attached to the second moving member 32. On the contrary, the first movement is performed. The processing tool 33 may be attached to the member 20 and the main shaft may be attached to the second moving member 32.

  Next, a control system of this NC lathe will be described mainly with reference to FIG. The illustrated NC lathe includes an NC control device 52 for numerically controlling machining conditions. The NC control device 52 includes an NC main unit 54 configured by, for example, a computer, and an NC input for inputting machining information and the like. The NC body unit 54 is fixedly attached to the lathe body 2 and the NC input unit 56 is detachably attached to the lathe body 2. The NC input unit 56 includes a box-shaped unit housing 58. On the front surface of the unit housing 58, an input means 62 composed of various input buttons 60 and a display means 64 such as a liquid crystal display device are provided. Connection cables 66 and 68 extend from the unit housing 58, and connectors 70 and 72 are provided at ends of the connection cables 66 and 68. Moreover, the handle 74 is provided in the both ends of the unit housing 58 so that the handling, for example, attachment, removal, carrying etc., is easy.

  Corresponding to such a configuration of the NC input unit 56, a mounting recess 76 substantially corresponding to the shape of the unit housing 58 is provided on the upper surface of the upper fixed cover 10 of the lathe body 2. Some of the connectors 78 and 80 are provided. Therefore, the connection connectors 72 and 74 on the NC input unit 56 side and the connection connectors 78 and 80 on the lathe body 2 side are connected to each other, and the NC input unit 56 is accommodated and placed in the placement recess 76 of the lathe body 2. Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, the NC input unit 56 can be detachably attached to the lathe body 2. Contrary to the above, the NC input unit 56 is taken out from the mounting recess 76 of the lathe body 2, and the connection connectors 70, 72 on the NC input unit 56 side and the connection connectors 78, 80 on the lathe body 2 side are connected. The NC input unit 56 can be removed from the lathe body 2 by releasing.

  The lathe body 2 further receives signals from various limit switches 82 (for example, limit switches for detecting whether the chuck means 22 is opened or closed) and various solenoids 84 (for example, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic pressures of pneumatic cylinders, A control means 86 for controlling the operation of a solenoid valve for controlling the air pressure is provided, and the control means 86 includes a computer, a sequencer, and the like. Further, a machine operation panel 88 is fixedly provided at a predetermined portion of the lathe body 2 (in this embodiment, the front surface of the upper fixed cover 10), and an input composed of various input buttons 90 is provided on the machine operation panel 88. Means 92 are provided.

  In this embodiment, when the NC input unit 56 is attached to the lathe main body 2 as described above, the NC input unit 56 and the NC main body 54 are connected via the connection cable 66 and the connection connectors 70 and 78, and the NC input unit 56 is connected. The machining information input by the input means 62 is stored in the memory 94 of the NC main body 54. When NC machining is performed, the workpiece is machined based on the machining information stored in the memory 94. When mounted, the NC input unit 56 and the control means 86 are connected via the connection cable 68 and the connection connectors 72 and 80. The mechanical operation panel 88 is connected to the control means 86.

  The lathe body 2 is further provided with an I / O unit 96, a spindle drive unit 98, and a servo drive unit 100. The I / O unit 96 is an interface for connecting the NC main body 54 and the control means 86, and machining information from the NC control section 54 is sent to the control means 86 via the I / O unit 96. The spindle drive unit 98 controls the operation of the electric motor 24 (for rotating the main shaft) based on the machining information from the NC main body 54, and the servo drive unit 100 is based on the machining information from the NC main body 54. Thus, the operation of the electric motors 26 and 36 (for controlling the movement of the first and second moving members 20 and 32) is controlled.

  This NC lathe has the following features in relation to the NC controller 52. That is, the NC main body 54 of the NC controller 52 is fixedly provided on the lathe body 2, and the NC input unit 56 is detachably attached to the lathe body 2. When machining information is input by the NC input unit 56, this input information is stored in the memory 94 of the NC body 54, and it is not necessary to input new machining information while machining using the inputted machining information. Processing can be performed using the information stored in the memory 94 without using the input unit 56. In such a case, the NC input unit 56 can be removed from the lathe body 2 and attached to the lathe body 2 of another similar NC lathe and used as the NC input unit 56 for inputting machining information about the lathe body 2. . Therefore, only one NC input unit 56 is required for a plurality of lathe bodies 2, and this makes it possible to use fewer NC input units 56 than the number of lathe bodies 2. Relatedly, the system configuration in the case of using a plurality of NC lathes can be simplified, and the total cost can be reduced. In addition, during machining, the NC input unit 56 can be removed from the lathe body 2 and stored, which can protect the electrical components from a bad installation environment and lead to reduced failure of the electrical components.

  As described above, the present invention is applied to an NC lathe as an example of a machine tool according to the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to such an NC lathe and can be widely applied to machine tools.

  In the above-described embodiment, the configuration related to the NC control device and the configuration related to the support structure of the first and second moving members are applied to one NC lathe in combination. The configuration can also be applied separately and independently.

It is a perspective view which shows one Embodiment of NC lathe as an example of the machine tool according to this invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state where the NC input unit is removed from the lathe body in the NC lathe of FIG. 1. It is a perspective view which shows the bed structure of the lathe main body of NC lathe of FIG. It is a front view which shows the bed structure of FIG. It is a top view which shows the bed structure of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows simply the control system of NC lathe of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

2 Lathe body 4 Bed structure 12 1st guide support means 14 2nd guide support means 16a, 16b 1st guide support rail 18a, 18b 2nd guide support rail 20 1st moving member 32 2nd moving member 33 Processing tool 52 NC controller 54 NC main body 56 NC input unit 70, 72, 78, 80 Connector 86 Control means 88 Machine operation panel 96 I / O unit

Claims (1)

A machine tool main body for processing a workpiece, a first moving member supported on a bed structure of the machine tool main body through a first guide support means so as to be reciprocally movable in a lateral direction, and the bed structure And a second moving member supported so as to be reciprocally movable in the front-rear direction substantially orthogonal to the lateral direction via the second guide support means,
A spindle for rotationally driving the workpiece is attached to the first moving member, and a processing tool for processing the workpiece is attached to the second moving member,
The bed structure has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the first guide support means includes a pair of first guide support rails arranged on an upper surface portion of the bed structure, and the pair of first guide support rails Defining a substantially horizontal guide surface for guiding the first moving member;
The pair of first guide support rails are substantially symmetrically arranged in the front-rear direction with respect to the axis of the main shaft, and the first moving member has a substantially symmetrical structure in the front-rear direction with respect to the axis of the main shaft. Configured,
The second guide support means includes a pair of second guide support rails arranged in the vertical direction on the side surface of the bed structure, and the upper guide support rails of the pair of second guide support rails. Is provided at the upper end of the bed structure, and the pair of second guide rails define a substantially vertical guide surface for guiding the second moving member, and the guide of the first moving member A machine tool, wherein a surface and the guide surface of the second moving member are substantially orthogonal to each other.

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