JP4415746B2 - ラマン増幅器 - Google Patents
ラマン増幅器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4415746B2 JP4415746B2 JP2004128889A JP2004128889A JP4415746B2 JP 4415746 B2 JP4415746 B2 JP 4415746B2 JP 2004128889 A JP2004128889 A JP 2004128889A JP 2004128889 A JP2004128889 A JP 2004128889A JP 4415746 B2 JP4415746 B2 JP 4415746B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- signal light
- power
- light
- input signal
- value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1301—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude in optical amplifiers
- H01S3/13013—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude in optical amplifiers by controlling the optical pumping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
- H01S3/302—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects in an optical fibre
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/29—Repeaters
- H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
- H04B10/2912—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form characterised by the medium used for amplification or processing
- H04B10/2916—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form characterised by the medium used for amplification or processing using Raman or Brillouin amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/29—Repeaters
- H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
- H04B10/293—Signal power control
- H04B10/294—Signal power control in a multiwavelength system, e.g. gain equalisation
- H04B10/296—Transient power control, e.g. due to channel add/drop or rapid fluctuations in the input power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/04—Gain spectral shaping, flattening
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
- H01S3/094011—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre with bidirectional pumping, i.e. with injection of the pump light from both two ends of the fibre
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094096—Multi-wavelength pumping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10007—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers
- H01S3/10015—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by monitoring or controlling, e.g. attenuating, the input signal
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Description
Y. Emori et al.,"Broadband lossless DCF using Raman amplification pumped by multichannel WDM laser diodes",Electron. Lett.,vol. 34,no. 22,pp.2145-2146,1998.
図1に、第1実施形態に係るラマン増幅器100の構成を示す。ラマン増幅器100は、光入射端101に入力される信号光をラマン増幅し、ラマン増幅された信号光を光出射端102から出力する。ラマン増幅器100は、光入射端101から光出射端102へ至る信号光伝搬経路上に光カプラ111、光アイソレータ121、光カプラ112、ラマン増幅用光ファイバ130、光アイソレータ122及び光カプラ113を順に備える。また、ラマン増幅器100は、光カプラ111に接続されたフォトダイオード141、光カプラ112に接続された光カプラ114、該光カプラ114に接続されたレーザダイオード150a,150b、光カプラ113に接続されたフォトダイオード142、並びにフォトダイオード141,142及びレーザダイオード150aに接続された制御部160を備える。
第1実施形態では、複数波長の励起光は光ファイバ130へ前方から供給されていた。次に、複数波長の励起光が光ファイバ130へ後方から供給される第2実施形態を説明する。図4に、第2実施形態に係るラマン増幅器200の構成を示す。
本願発明者は、上記の実施例をはじめとした検討及び研究において、ラマン増幅の利得を一定にする最短波長の励起光のパワーの値と入力信号光のパワーの値との間に所定の関係があることを見出した。
最短波長の励起光のパワー(mW)=a×入力信号光のパワー(mW)+b
という一次関数で表される関係式により算出される。ここで、a及びbは定数である。
ラマン増幅器において、入力信号光のパワーの値が急激に変化すると、ラマン増幅の利得が過渡的に変化する。そのため、急激な入力信号光のパワー変動が生じても過渡的変動無しに利得を一定に制御するためには、高速に利得を一定とする制御が必要となる。ラマン増幅器用光ファイバは一般的に数km以上と希土類添加ファイバ増幅器のものより長いため、増幅用光ファイバを信号光が伝搬する時間を考慮して制御系を設計する必要がある。
Claims (7)
- 入力される信号光をラマン増幅する光ファイバと、
複数波長の励起光を前記光ファイバに供給する励起光供給手段と、
前記励起光供給手段により供給される複数波長の励起光のうち最短波長の励起光のみのパワーを、前記入力される信号光のパワーの変化に対して前記ラマン増幅の利得が一定になるように制御する制御手段と、
を備えるラマン増幅器。 - 前記入力される信号光のパワーの値を検出する入力信号光パワー検出手段を更に備え、
前記制御手段は、前記入力される信号光のパワーの変化に対して前記利得を一定にする前記最短波長の励起光のパワーの値と入力信号光のパワーの値との間の所定の関係に基づき、前記入力信号光パワー検出手段により検出された値を参照して、前記最短波長の励起光のパワーを制御する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載のラマン増幅器。 - 前記所定の関係は、一次関数で表される関係であることを特徴とする請求項2記載のラマン増幅器。
- 前記励起光供給手段は、前記励起光を前記光ファイバの後方から供給し、
前記制御手段は、前記入力信号光パワー検出手段が値を検出した時刻から前記信号光が前記光ファイバを伝搬するのに要する時間が経過した時刻に、前記最短波長の励起光のパワーを制御する、
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載のラマン増幅器。 - 前記励起光供給手段は、前記励起光を前記光ファイバの前方から供給し、
前記ラマン増幅器は、前記信号光の経路における前記入力信号光パワー検出手段によって前記入力される信号光のパワーの値を検出する箇所から前記励起光供給手段によって供給される箇所までの間に、前記入力信号光パワー検出手段が前記値を検出してから前記制御手段が前記入力信号光パワー検出手段により検出された値を参照して前記最短波長の励起光のパワーを制御するまでの時間、信号光を遅延させる遅延媒体を更に備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載のラマン増幅器。 - 前記光ファイバに入力される信号光のパワーの値を検出する入力信号光パワー検出手段と、
前記光ファイバから出力される信号光のパワーの値を検出する出力信号光パワー検出手段とを更に備え、
前記制御手段は、前記入力信号光パワー検出手段により検出される値、及び前記出力信号光パワー検出手段により検出される値を参照して、前記最短波長の励起光のパワーを制御する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載のラマン増幅器。 - 前記制御手段は、前記入力信号光パワー検出手段により検出される値と、該値が検出された時刻から前記信号光が前記光ファイバを伝搬するのに要する時間が経過した時刻に前記出力信号光パワー検出手段により検出される値とを対応付けて参照して、前記最短波長の励起光のパワーを制御することを特徴とする請求項6記載のラマン増幅器。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004128889A JP4415746B2 (ja) | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | ラマン増幅器 |
CA2504022A CA2504022C (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-13 | Raman amplifier |
US11/107,741 US6987608B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-18 | Raman amplifier |
DE602005006464T DE602005006464D1 (de) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-21 | Ramanverstärker |
EP05008750A EP1589623B1 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-21 | Raman amplifier |
CN2005100676890A CN1691553B (zh) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-22 | 拉曼放大器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004128889A JP4415746B2 (ja) | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | ラマン増幅器 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005309250A JP2005309250A (ja) | 2005-11-04 |
JP4415746B2 true JP4415746B2 (ja) | 2010-02-17 |
Family
ID=34935523
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004128889A Expired - Fee Related JP4415746B2 (ja) | 2004-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | ラマン増幅器 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6987608B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1589623B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4415746B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1691553B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2504022C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005006464D1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7619812B2 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2009-11-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for the rapid adjustment of the tilt of optical WDM signals |
US7436582B2 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2008-10-14 | At&T Corp. | Fast dynamic gain control in a bidirectionally-pumped Raman fiber amplifier |
US7142356B2 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2006-11-28 | At&T Corp. | Fast dynamic gain control in an optical fiber amplifier |
US7672042B2 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2010-03-02 | At&T Corporation | Fast dynamic gain control in an optical fiber amplifier |
US20070109623A1 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-05-17 | At&T Corp. | Fast Dynamic Gain Control in a Bidirectionally-Pumped Raman Fiber Amplifier |
US7280270B2 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-10-09 | At&T Corporation | Fast dynamic gain control in cascaded Raman fiber amplifiers |
US7277221B2 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-10-02 | At&T Corp. | Fast dynamic gain control in cascaded Raman fiber amplifiers |
US7916384B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 | 2011-03-29 | At&T Intellectual Property Ii, L.P. | Feedback dynamic gain control for a WDM system employing multi wavelength pumped Raman fiber amplifiers |
JP5347333B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-23 | 2013-11-20 | 富士通株式会社 | 光信号処理装置 |
JP5841517B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2016-01-13 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光ファイバ増幅器システム及び光ファイバ増幅方法 |
JP6779897B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-30 | 2020-11-04 | 株式会社フジクラ | ファイバレーザシステム、その耐反射性評価方法および耐反射性向上方法、ならびにファイバレーザ |
CN106229800A (zh) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-12-14 | 桂林创研科技有限公司 | 新型掺铒光纤放大器 |
US11317807B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2022-05-03 | Hi Llc | Detection of fast-neural signal using depth-resolved spectroscopy via intensity modulated interferometry having tunable pump laser |
CN111490444B (zh) * | 2020-04-08 | 2022-07-15 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | 脉冲光纤放大器及光信号功率放大方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3527671B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-23 | 2004-05-17 | 富士通株式会社 | ラマン増幅による光伝送パワーの波長特性制御方法、並びに、それを用いた波長多重光通信システムおよび光増幅器 |
JP2001223646A (ja) * | 2000-02-07 | 2001-08-17 | Nec Corp | 光増幅中継器とこれを用いた光伝送装置 |
US6366395B1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2002-04-02 | Nortel Networks Limited | Optical amplifier gain control |
JP2002040495A (ja) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-02-06 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ラマン増幅器 |
GB2383209A (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2003-06-18 | Robert Charles Goodfellow | Raman optical amplifier with two power control loops |
US7016104B2 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2006-03-21 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Wider dynamic range to a FBG stabilized pump |
US6963681B2 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2005-11-08 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Automatic raman gain control |
US6813067B1 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2004-11-02 | At&T Corp. | Method and apparatus for providing a broadband raman amplifier with improved noise performance |
EP1503528B1 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2016-05-18 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical amplifier and optical communication system |
-
2004
- 2004-04-23 JP JP2004128889A patent/JP4415746B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-04-13 CA CA2504022A patent/CA2504022C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-18 US US11/107,741 patent/US6987608B2/en active Active
- 2005-04-21 EP EP05008750A patent/EP1589623B1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-04-21 DE DE602005006464T patent/DE602005006464D1/de active Active
- 2005-04-22 CN CN2005100676890A patent/CN1691553B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2504022A1 (en) | 2005-10-23 |
CA2504022C (en) | 2013-07-16 |
CN1691553A (zh) | 2005-11-02 |
CN1691553B (zh) | 2010-08-11 |
US20050237601A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
DE602005006464D1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
EP1589623B1 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
US6987608B2 (en) | 2006-01-17 |
JP2005309250A (ja) | 2005-11-04 |
EP1589623A2 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
EP1589623A3 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP3854673B2 (ja) | 光増幅媒体制御方法及び光増幅装置並びにそれを利用したシステム | |
JP3903650B2 (ja) | 光増幅器および光増幅器制御方法 | |
JP4415746B2 (ja) | ラマン増幅器 | |
JP2000299518A (ja) | 光ファイバ増幅器及びその制御方法 | |
JP3936698B2 (ja) | 光ファイバ増幅器及びその制御方法 | |
JPH10256634A (ja) | 光増幅装置および光増幅装置の制御方法ならびに光増幅装置を用いた光伝送システム | |
JPH08304859A (ja) | 光ファイバ増幅器 | |
US8363311B2 (en) | Optical amplifier and a method of light amplification | |
JP2004258622A (ja) | ラマンアンプ及びそれを含む光通信システム | |
US8027082B2 (en) | Raman amplifier and excitation light source used thereof | |
US6384965B2 (en) | Wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber amplifier | |
JP5285211B2 (ja) | 光ファイバ増幅器における高速動的利得制御 | |
JP2004119979A (ja) | 長波長光ファイバ増幅器 | |
JP2004301991A (ja) | 光増幅制御ユニットおよび光増幅制御方法 | |
WO2019187051A1 (ja) | 光増幅器、光増幅器の制御方法及び光通信システム | |
JP5239223B2 (ja) | 光増幅器 | |
JP3977363B2 (ja) | ラマン増幅器及び光通信システム | |
JP4773703B2 (ja) | 光増幅器 | |
JP4774846B2 (ja) | 光増幅装置およびその制御方法 | |
JPH06169122A (ja) | 光ファイバ増幅装置 | |
JP2004022905A (ja) | 光ファイバ増幅器 | |
JP2005070522A (ja) | 複合光増幅器 | |
JP3597036B2 (ja) | 光ファイバ増幅器 | |
JP6103159B1 (ja) | 光増幅装置 | |
JP2020088229A (ja) | 光増幅器および光増幅方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20060615 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20090715 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090804 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20091002 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20091104 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4415746 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20091117 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121204 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121204 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131204 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |