JP4376579B2 - 窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4376579B2 JP4376579B2 JP2003317022A JP2003317022A JP4376579B2 JP 4376579 B2 JP4376579 B2 JP 4376579B2 JP 2003317022 A JP2003317022 A JP 2003317022A JP 2003317022 A JP2003317022 A JP 2003317022A JP 4376579 B2 JP4376579 B2 JP 4376579B2
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Description
この様にアルミナや酸化鉄を3〜10重量%添加した場合、結合部のガラス相が増して耐火物として必要な耐クリープ性が低下し寿命が短くなる問題があった。
更に、アルミナや酸化鉄は原料調合時の原料の分散効果や、焼結助材的な働きをしているため、従来の方法ではアルミナや酸化鉄を3%以下に減量した場合、嵩比重が低下し必要な強度が得られない問題があった。
(2)熱伝導率が、20W/(m・K)以上であること。
(3)主相を構成するSiC骨材の最大粒子径が、50〜300μmであること。
(4)60〜90重量%のSiC、10〜40重量%のSi 3 N 4 及びSi 2 N 2 Oを含むこと。
このとき、1350〜1500℃にて熱処理するときの窒素雰囲気中の酸素濃度は、0.01〜2.00%であることが好ましい。
また、嵩比重は、2.6〜2.9であることが好ましい。
これは、嵩比重が低値の場合、耐火物内の気孔が多くなり、気孔の内表面積が増大し、使用中の高温下での酸素との接触面積が増大することになり、酸化が進行しやすくなるからである。
これは、SiC粒子を充填した場合の粒子の隙間部分には、通常空隙が残ることになるが、1μm以下のSiC超微粉を均一分散することで、1μm以下の空隙部分にもSiCが充填され、最密充填に近づけることができ、密度を向上させることができるからである。
更に、ここで問題にしている微細気孔の存在量は、基材内部の開気孔の内表面積(比表面積)に大きく影響するため、耐酸化性への影響も大きい。SiC骨材周辺に、1μm以下のSiC超微粉を均一に分散させることで、微細気孔をSiCで充填することで、耐酸化性も向上させることができる。
これは、例えば、棚組を構成する棚板及び支柱に使用する場合、特に、棚組の組立及び棚板に被焼成物を載置したときに、棚板及び支柱が外部応力に対して大きく変形することがないため、棚組の安定性が向上するとともに、棚板の歪みが少ないため、セラミック製品の品質を向上することができるからである。
特に、本発明の耐火物は、蛍光X線分析で組成分析した原料組成中のアルミナ(Al2O3)の含有量が、酸化物換算で0.05〜1.5重量%であり、アルミナ+酸化鉄[Al2O3+Fe2O3]の含有量が酸化物換算で0.5〜2.0重量%であることが好ましい。
これは、SiC骨材の最大粒子径が50μm未満である場合、熱応力が加わった場合のマイクロクラックの進展は、50μm以上のSiC粒子が組織内に存在するとこの粒子でクラックの進展が止まる働きを示すからである。
これに対して50μm未満のSiC粒子の場合、クラックは粒界に進展しやすく、急激に進行するため、耐熱衝撃性が低下する。
一方、SiC骨材の最大粒子径が300μm超過する場合、十分な耐熱衝撃性及び強度(曲げ強度及びヤング率)を得ることが容易でないからである。
これは、本発明の耐火物は骨材としてSiCがあり、結合部にSi3N4及びSi2N2Oが副相として存在している。主相のSiCの量が上記範囲以下では十分な耐熱衝撃性及び強度(曲げ強度及びヤング率)を得ることが難しく、多い場合では結合部を構成する副相が少ないために十分な強度が発現しないからである。
また、Si3N4及びSi2N2Oは、副相として主相を結合させ強度を発現させる目的があるが、多い場合、主相とのバランスが崩れ、十分な耐熱衝撃性及び強度(曲げ強度及びヤング率)を得ることが難しく、少ない場合、十分な強度が発現しない。
より具体的に説明すると、本発明の耐火物は、酸化物結合SiC耐火物、窒化物結合SiC耐火物の使用温度に準ずる温度(1600℃程度)と、Si含浸SiCに準ずる強度(225〜250MPa程度)を有するものであり、従来の耐火物の長所を兼ね備えた耐火物である。
本発明の耐火物は、通常、[1]原料調合、[2]混合、[3]鋳込成形、[4]離型、[5]乾燥、[6]焼成(窒素雰囲気焼成([6]−1)、酸化焼成([6]−2)、[7]検査といった工程を経て製造される。
ここで、本発明の耐火物の製造方法の主な特徴は、骨材として30〜300μmのSiCを30〜70重量%と、0.05〜30μmのSiC粉末を10〜50重量%と、0.05〜30μmのSi粉末を10〜30重量%に、Al、Ca、Fe、Ti、Zr、Mgから選択された少なくとも1種類を酸化物換算で0.1〜3重量%を混合する工程([1]+[2])を備えたことにある。無機酸化物が多いと、使用時に結晶粒界中に生成してくるガラス相の量が増大して、耐火物として必要な耐クリープ性が低下し寿命が短くなってしまう。
このとき、本発明の耐火物の製造方法では、原料調合([1])時点でSi粉末を添加することが、SiをSiC骨材の周辺に均一に分散させることができるため好ましい。
また、本発明の耐火物の製造方法では、無機酸化物(Al、Ca、Fe、Ti、Zr、Mg)の内、少なくとも、Al2O3が0.05〜2.0重量%、Fe2O3が0.05〜1.0重量%、Na2Oが0.1重量%未満であることが好ましい。
更に、本発明の耐火物の製造方法では、1μm以下の粒子径のSiC超微粉を10〜30重量%添加することにより、得られた耐火物の密度(緻密度)を向上することができる。従来の配合では無機酸化物が3重量%以下になると密度が低下していたが、SiC超微粉を添加することで無機酸化物量が少なくても2.6以上の嵩比重が得られる。
これにより、本発明の耐火物の製造方法では、得られた成形品の緻密性が向上するため、焼成後の耐火物の強度(曲げ強度及びヤング率)を向上させることができる。
これにより、本発明の耐火物の製造方法は、成形体中のSiと雰囲気中の窒素とが反応し、窒化珪素と、微量の酸素から酸窒化物とがSiC粒子の粒界に生成され、SiC骨材を結合させることができる。
また、1350〜1500℃にて熱処理するときの窒素雰囲気中の酸素濃度は、0.01〜2.00%であることがより好ましい。
これは、微量の酸素の存在で酸窒化物が形成され、より強固にSiC粒界を結合させることができるからである。
尚、窒素雰囲気中の窒素の含有割合が90容量%未満である場合、熱処理時に窒化速度の遅延や一部の酸素により未窒化現象が生じたり、原料が酸化してしまうため好ましくない。
これは、得られた耐火物の表面に強固な酸化被膜を形成させることにより、高温で長時間使用した場合であっても、酸化劣化が抑制されるため、変形や膨れがほとんど無く、割れ等も生じない、という極めて優れた耐熱衝撃性を発現させることができるからである。
一方、酸化処理温度が1500℃を超過した場合、酸化皮膜形成時の酸化が激しくなり、酸化皮膜中に酸化により発生した気泡を巻き込み、孔のある酸化皮膜が形成されるため、耐酸化性が発揮できない可能性がある。
(実施例1)
表1に示すSiC粉末、Si粉末、Fe2O3、Al2O3、分散材、イオン交換水を表1に示す配合比(重量%)になるように、原料調合した(原料調合[1])。
このとき、トロンメル混合は、100kg/バッチで、20hr程度行った。
次いで、得られた焼成体を、大気雰囲気中、1450℃、10hrで酸化焼成を行った(酸化焼成([6]−2))。
従来公知のSi含浸SiC耐火物(日本ガイシ(株)製 NEWSIC)について、曲げ強度、ヤング率、嵩比重、気孔率)、熱伝導率、最大使用温度の測定を行うとともに、焼成変形及び加工性の評価を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
表2の結果から、実施例1は、比較例1と比較して、強度(曲げ強度及びヤング率)と熱伝導率においてやや劣るが、棚組を構成する棚板及び支柱の基材としては必要十分であった。
また、実施例1は、比較例1と比較して、最大使用温度が高いため、より高温焼成用の棚組に適用できると考えられる。
更に、実施例1は、製造工程での焼成変形が少ないため、研削加工をほとんどする必要がなかった。
一方、比較例1は、製造工程での焼成変形が有るだけでなく、難加工性であるため、変形を修正するのに手間暇がかかり、コスト高になる可能性があった。
表3に示す化学分析結果による酸化物換算割合を有する窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物を2種類用意し、蛍光X線分析による組成分析、XRDによる結晶相の定性分析及び耐クリープ性の評価試験をそれぞれ行った。その結果を表3及び図1に示す。
このうち、一方は、実施例1と同様の製造方法で得られた窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物(実施例2)であり、もう一方は、従来公知の窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物(比較例2)である。
・試験温度:1400℃×200hr
・試験体形状:10mm×2mm×120mmL
・応力:1MPa
・測定個所:試験体の端部及び中央部
実施例2及び比較例2について耐クリープ性の評価をした結果、図1の結果から明らかなように、実施例2の耐クリープ性が比較例2よりも非常に優れていることが判明した。
また、実施例2では、表3に示すように、組成分析においてアルミナ(Al2O3)の含有量が比較例2よりも極めて少ないことを確認した。
更に、実施例2では、表3に示すように、XRDによる結晶相の定性分析の結果から、比較例2に存在するβ−Si5AlON7(β-sialon)及びAl2O3(Corundum)の結晶相を含まない反面、α−Si3N4の結晶相が比較例2よりも多めで、比較例2に存在しないβ−Si3N4及びSi2N2Oの結晶相を有していることを確認した。
以上のことから、実施例2は、原料調合段階で、アルミナ(Al2O3)量を必要最小限に抑制することにより、結晶相の界面にガラス相が増すことがないため、耐クリープ性の低下を大幅に抑制することができると推測される。
Claims (11)
- SiCを主相とし、副相としてSi3N4及びSi2N2Oを含む(但し、サイアロンを含まず)とともに、Al、Ca、Fe、Ti、Zr、Mgから選択された少なくとも1種類を酸化物換算で0.1〜3重量%含有し、かつアルミナ(Al 2 O 3 )の含有量が0.05〜1.5重量%で、アルミナ+酸化鉄[Al 2 O 3 +Fe 2 O 3 ]の含有量が0.5〜2.0重量%であり、曲げ強度が150MPa以上で、且つ嵩比重が2.6以上であることを特徴とする窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物。
- 前記主相を構成するSiC骨材の周辺に、1μm以下のSiC超微粉が均一に分散されている請求項1に記載の窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物。
- ヤング率が、100GPa以上である請求項1又は2に記載の窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物。
- 熱伝導率が、20W/(m・K)以上である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物。
- 主相を構成するSiC骨材の最大粒子径が、50〜300μmである請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物。
- 60〜90重量%のSiC、10〜40重量%のSi3N4及びSi2N2Oを含む請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物。
- 骨材として30〜300μmのSiC粉末を30〜70重量%と、0.05〜30μmのSiC粉末を10〜50重量%と、0.05〜30μmのSi粉末を10〜30重量%に、Al、Ca、Fe、Ti、Zr、Mgから選択された少なくとも1種類を酸化物換算で0.1〜3重量%であって、かつアルミナ(Al 2 O 3 )を0.05〜1.5重量%、アルミナ+酸化鉄[Al 2 O 3 +Fe 2 O 3 ]を0.5〜2.0重量%混合する工程を備えたことを特徴とする窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物の製造方法。
- 成形工程が、鋳込成形で行われる請求項7に記載の窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物の製造方法。
- 実質的に窒素雰囲気下で、1350〜1500℃にて熱処理する請求項7又は8に記載の窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物の製造方法。
- 1350〜1500℃にて熱処理するときの窒素雰囲気中の酸素濃度が、0.01〜2.00%である請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物の製造方法。
- 窒素雰囲気中で熱処理した後、更に大気雰囲気中で、1300〜1500℃にて熱処理する請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素結合SiC耐火物の製造方法。
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PL04770889T PL1666433T3 (pl) | 2003-09-09 | 2004-07-23 | Materiał ogniotrwały z SiC zawierający związany z nim azotek krzemu |
ZA200601700A ZA200601700B (en) | 2003-09-09 | 2004-07-23 | Silicon nitride-bonded sic refractory material and method for production thereof |
DE602004032448T DE602004032448D1 (de) | 2003-09-09 | 2004-07-23 | Sic-feuerfestmaterial mit daran gebundenem siliciumnitrid |
US10/571,073 US7494949B2 (en) | 2003-09-09 | 2004-07-23 | SiC refractory comprising silicon nitride bond thereto and method for production thereof |
CNB2004800258361A CN100509699C (zh) | 2003-09-09 | 2004-07-23 | 氮化硅结合SiC耐火材料及其制造方法 |
EP04770889A EP1666433B1 (en) | 2003-09-09 | 2004-07-23 | SiC REFRACTORY COMPRISING SILICON NITRIDE BONDED THERETO |
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CN100509699C (zh) | 2009-07-08 |
DE602004032448D1 (de) | 2011-06-09 |
EP1666433A4 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
PL1666433T3 (pl) | 2011-11-30 |
CN1849276A (zh) | 2006-10-18 |
EP1666433B1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
ZA200601700B (en) | 2007-06-27 |
EP1666433A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
WO2005026076A1 (ja) | 2005-03-24 |
US20060281625A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
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