JP4375985B2 - Method for manufacturing a three-dimensionally shaped base material to attenuate sound - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a three-dimensionally shaped base material to attenuate sound Download PDFInfo
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- JP4375985B2 JP4375985B2 JP2003077617A JP2003077617A JP4375985B2 JP 4375985 B2 JP4375985 B2 JP 4375985B2 JP 2003077617 A JP2003077617 A JP 2003077617A JP 2003077617 A JP2003077617 A JP 2003077617A JP 4375985 B2 JP4375985 B2 JP 4375985B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
- B29C67/246—Moulding high reactive monomers or prepolymers, e.g. by reaction injection moulding [RIM], liquid injection moulding [LIM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
- B29C44/5618—Impregnating foam articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0001—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular acoustical properties
- B29K2995/0002—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular acoustical properties insulating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24496—Foamed or cellular component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24496—Foamed or cellular component
- Y10T428/24504—Component comprises a polymer [e.g., rubber, etc.]
- Y10T428/24512—Polyurethane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
- Y10T428/249958—Void-containing component is synthetic resin or natural rubbers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249962—Void-containing component has a continuous matrix of fibers only [e.g., porous paper, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、構造的特性及びアコースティック(又は音響)特性を有する三次元複合材の製造方法に関する。本発明の方法は、ポリウレタン樹脂を供給すること、ポリウレタン樹脂を基材の第一面(もしくは第一側面)に塗工すること、及びその後基材を所望の三次元形状に成形する(もしくは形づくる)ことを含んで成る。更に、本発明の方法は、例えば、三次元的ダッシュボード、室内及びエンジン側のファイヤーウォール(もしくは防火壁:fire wall)インシュレーション(インシュレーター、絶縁材、遮音材もしくは防音材:insulation もしくは insulator)、エンジン側のフード(ボンネットもしくは屋根)インシュレーション、室内の車輪室インシュレーション、及びトランクのコンパートメント・トリム(もしくは区画の内装:compartment trim)インシュレーション等の自動車のアコースティカリー・サウンド(音響もしくは音響的に十分な:acoustically sound)パーツ(もしくは部品)の製造に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車の室内は、通常、タイヤから生ずる音、路面の音、風の音、エンジン音、自動車の他の機械部品からの音等の自動車のフレームを通って伝わる音(又は雑音)から絶縁(遮音又は防音)されている。自動車の外部から自動車の室内に入る音を減少させる多数の基材が、当該技術分野で既知である。例えば、自動車の外部の音と室内との間に繊維質の材料を供給することが、当該技術分野で既知である。材料は、音の伝播と振動を低下させる。例えば、ショディ・パッド(又はショディ製のパッド:shoddy pad)のような不織布及び発泡ポリウレタン材料等の広範な種類の減衰材料が、当該技術分野で既知である。また、接着剤を介して減衰材料に防音用バリアを取り付けることも従来既知である。そのように取り付けることは、通常、自動車のカーペットにて行われている(例えば、特許文献1〜4参照)。しかし、そのような音響減衰材料は重い。
【0003】
更に、接着剤の必要性が制限されるニードルド複合材音響バリアを製造することも当該技術分野で既知である(特許文献5参照)。更に、大きな負荷に耐え、音響の減衰を行える、熱可塑性樹脂で浸漬された合成繊維又は無機繊維のファブリックのパイルで作られたスキン部で両面をコートされた多孔質のコアから形成される構造的及び音響的特性を有するパネル又は同様の要素を供給することは、当該技術分野で既知である(特許文献6参照)。
【0004】
エンジンから発生する音(又はノイズ)を吸収し及び/又は遮るために、自動車のファイヤーウォールに設けられるダッシュボード・インシュレーションを製造するための二種類の方法が、当該技術分野で既知である。一般に、これらのダッシュボードバリアは、キャスト・ポリウレタンフォーム(cast polyurethane foam)、スカイブド・ポリウレタンフォーム(skived polyurethane foam)、ポリエステルもしくは天然繊維から作られるファイバーマット(fiber mat)及びショディ・パッドのような、硫酸バリウムで満たしたEVAもしくはPVC又は射出成形されたTPOスキン及びデカップラー(decoupler)の真空成形された重い層を含む。ファイバーマットの場合、フェノール性バインダーが適用される。
【0005】
既知のダッシュボード・インシュレーションの製造プロセスは、ビニル樹脂のシートを加熱すること、その後ビニル樹脂を成形用具に移すこと、及び続いてビニル樹脂を真空成形することを伴う。バリアが、キャストフォーム(cast foam)である場合、リキッドフォーム(liquid foam)を、開放した又は閉じた用具の操作で、用具で作られたビニル樹脂に塗工し、その後塗工されたフォームを型から取り出し、トリミングする(仕上げる又は形を整える:trim)。バリアが、繊維又はショディ・マット(もしくはショディ製のマット:shoddy mat)である場合、形成されたビニル樹脂は他の成形用具に移し、繊維又はショディ・マットを加え、成形し、硬化する。
【0006】
このプロセスから形成されるバリアは、上述したフォーム又はマット等の柔軟で可撓性で吸収性の材料を用いることによって、重い層(第二の壁)からファイヤーウォールの鋼を通り侵入する音と振動を切り離すことによる二重壁効果を有する。樹脂をしみ込ませたフェノール性ショディ・パッドを含有するバリアは、主に、ファイヤーウォールを通って侵入する音又は車内から反射する音を吸収する、吸収材として作用する。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
米国特許明細書第4,056,161号
【特許文献2】
米国特許明細書第4,966,799号
【特許文献3】
米国特許明細書第5,266,143号
【特許文献4】
米国特許明細書第5,068,001号
【特許文献5】
米国特許明細書第6,109,389号
【特許文献6】
米国特許明細書第5,888,610号
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、片方の面がポリウレタン樹脂で塗工(塗布又はコート)された基材を含む三次元的に成形された(又は形づくられた)複合材を製造する方法(又はプロセス)に対する、従来からのニーズは、残っている。特に、軽量で音響上及び構造的に十分な自動車用三次元インシュレーション(防音又は遮音)パーツ(又は部品)を供給するという、従来のニーズは残っている。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
ポリウレタン樹脂を基材の第一面(又は第一側面)に塗工し、その後樹脂が塗工された基材を成形することによって、三次元アコースティカリー・サウンド(音響又は音響的に十分な:acoustically sound)自動車パーツを、製造することができることが見出された。
【0010】
本発明に基づいて製造される自動車パーツ(又は部品)は、常套のフォーム及び重い層状複合材より軽く、厚さが同じキャストフォーム(cast foam)又は柔軟なスラブストックフォーム(slabstock foam)より、より良好な音の吸収性(又は吸音性)をもたらす。
【0011】
本発明は、三次元アコースティカリー・サウンドダッシュマット(dash mat)を製造する方法(又はプロセス)をも、指向する。
【0012】
本発明に基づいて製造されたダッシュマットは、設置が容易なように自己支持性である。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、音を減少する(又は減衰させる)ための三次元複合材の製造方法を指向する。特に、本発明は、ポリオールブレンド(もしくは配合物)とイソシアネートを含んで成る二成分ポリウレタン樹脂を混合する工程、その後、その樹脂を基材の第一面(もしくは第一側面)に塗工(塗布もしくはコート)する工程、続いて熱い成形用具に樹脂が塗工された基材を移す工程、樹脂が塗工された基材を複合材に成形する(もしくは形づくる)工程、最後に、複合材を硬化した後、用具から複合材を取り外して複合材をトリミングする(もしくは仕上げる)工程を含む、音を吸収する三次元複合材の製造方法を指向する。更に、本発明に基づいて、三次元複合材は、場合により基材の両面(もしくは両側)に樹脂を塗工してもよい。
【0014】
本発明で使用されるポリウレタン樹脂を、ポリオール/イソシアネートの比の広範な範囲で、加工処理することができる。好ましくは、本発明に基づいて用いられるポリウレタン樹脂は、90〜130の範囲、より好ましくは100〜120の範囲のNCOインデックスを有する。
また、ポリウレタンブレンドは、約30〜約60重量%のポリオールブレンドと、約25〜約55重量%のイソシアネートを含んで成ることが好ましい。
【0015】
本発明で使用されるポリウレタン樹脂は、ポリオールブレンドを含む。一般に、本発明のポリオールブレンドは、少なくとも一種のポリオール又はイソシアネート反応性成分を含む。第一のポリオールは、一般に、ブレンド全体の約30〜約80重量%の範囲、好ましくは45〜約65重量%の範囲で存在する。第二のポリオールは、一般に、約10〜約64重量%の範囲、好ましくは約27〜約47重量%の範囲で存在する。場合により、更に、ポリオールブレンドは、脂肪酸を約0〜約20重量%、好ましくは脂肪酸を約3〜約10重量%含んで成る。ポリオールブレンドは、触媒を約0〜約5重量%、好ましくは約0.2〜約1重量%含んで成ってよい。
【0016】
ポリオールブレンドは、更に、約0〜約20重量%、好ましくは約1〜約5重量%の量で存在する充填剤を含んで成ってもよい。尚、もし必要であれば、0〜5重量%、好ましくは約0.5〜2重量%の量の範囲で、黒色顔料をポリオールブレンドに加えることができる。カーボンブラックは、顔料としてこの産業分野で広く使用されているが、有機染料(又は色素)も使用できる。場合により、種々のマットへのウレタンの湿潤性を向上させるために、ポリオールブレンド全量基準で、0〜5重量%、好ましくは0.1〜2重量%の量の湿潤剤も使用することができる。
また、ポリオールブレンドの全量基準で、ポリオールブレンドは、脂肪酸を約1〜約20重量%含み、触媒を約1〜約2重量%含み、充填剤を約1〜約10重量%含むことが好ましい。
【0017】
一般に、イソシアネート反応性化合物は、例えば、水酸基含有化合物を含む。これらの物質は、典型的には二つの群、500〜10,000の分子量を有する分子量が高い化合物と、62〜499の分子量を有する分子量が低い化合物に分けることができる。本発明の好ましいポリオールは、一般に用いられる開始剤、例えば、4,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニルプロパン、スクロース、アニリン、アンモニア、トルエンジアミン、モノエタノールアミン、プロピレングリコール、エチレングリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、及びエチレンジアミン等を用いて誘導される低分子量のポリエーテルである。
【0018】
ビニルポリマーによって変性されたポリエーテル、例えば、ポリエーテルの存在下でスチレン又はアクリロニトリルを重合することによって形成されるタイプのポリエーテル(例えば、米国特許明細書第3,383,351号;3,304,273号;3,523,093号;及び3,110,695号:U.S. Patents Nos. 3,383,351; 3,304,273; 3,523,093; and 3,110,695;ドイツ国特許明細書1,152,536号:German Patent 1,152,536)も適切であり、OH基含有ポリブタジエンも同様に適切である。更に、適切な水酸基含有ポリオールには、エチレングリコール、1,2−プロピレンジオール、1,3−プロピレンジオール、1,3−ブタンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、2,3−ブタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、1,10−デカンジオール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール、グリセロール及びトリメチロールプロパンが含まれる。
【0019】
本発明に有用なポリオールには、ポリエステルポリオールを製造する技術において使用されるもの、例えばアジピン酸、フタル酸又は他の脂肪族ジカルボン酸もしくは芳香族ジカルボン酸又はそれらの酸無水物を、例えばプロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール、もしくはテトラプロピレングリコール又はエチレングリコール及びそれらのオリゴマー、ブタンジオール、ヘキサンジオールもしくは他の脂肪族のジオール、ビスフェノールAもしくは他の芳香族ジオールと縮合させることによって誘導されるポリエステルポリオールが含まれる。更に、ポリカプロラクタム又はポリラクチドも本発明のポリオールブレンドに存在してよい。ひまし油もしくは変性した大豆油、なたね油、もしくはあまに油等の天然に産するポリエステルポリオール、又はリシノール酸もしくはポリリシノール酸とブタンジオールの縮合物又はポリリシノール酸も、本発明に関して使用されるポリオールブレンドを形成するために使用してよい。
【0020】
本発明のポリオールブレンドは、脂肪酸も含んでよい。適切な脂肪酸には、例えば、(化1)によって示されるような脂肪酸が含まれる。
【化1】
R(CO2H)n :(化1)
[(化1)において、nは、1、2又は3である。Rは、少なくとも10の炭素原子を含む。Rは、アルキル基(環式又は分枝を有してよい鎖状)、アルキルアリール基、アリールアルキル基又はアリール基であって、これらは、飽和であっても、不飽和であってもよい]
【0021】
有用な酸の例には、例えば、n−デカン酸、ネオデカン酸、ラウリン酸、パルチミン酸、ステアリン酸、イソステアリン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸等が含まれる。オレイン酸は、好ましい脂肪酸である。
【0022】
本発明で使用してよい他の添加剤には、例えば、カルボン酸の錫(II)塩、カルボン酸のジアルキル錫塩、ジアルキル錫メルカプチド、ジアルキル錫ジチオエステル等の種々の有機金属化合物等、及び例えば、ジメチルシクロヘキシルアミン(即ち、ポリキャット8:Polycat 8)、ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミン(即ち、ポリキャット5:Polycat 5)、酢酸カリウム(即ち、ポリキャット45:Polycat 45)、ビス[2−(ジメチルアミノ)エチル]エーテル(ニアックスA−1:Niax A-1)、ジメチルエタノールアミン(DMEA)、ダブコWT(Dabco WT)等の三級アミンの触媒が含まれる。もちろん、ポリウレタンの化学の技術分野の当業者に既知のいずれの触媒も使用することができる。
【0023】
上述したようなポリオールブレンドに含まれ得る適切な充填剤及び補強剤には、例えば、繊維状、フレーク状、カット繊維状(cut fiber)、もしくはミクロスフェア状(microsphere)の形状のガラス;マイカ(もしくは雲母)、珪灰石;炭素繊維;カーボンブラック;カーボンブラックペースト;タルク;及び炭酸カルシウム等の有機及び無機の両方の化合物が含まれる。例えば、シートクッション及びSRIM(もしくは structural reaction injection molding)又はRIM(もしくは反応射出成形:reaction injection molding)パーツの製造トリムからの、100μm以下の粒子寸法を有する、再砕したポリウレタンを、充填剤として使用してよい。
【0024】
本発明に用いられる出発ポリイソシアネート成分は、脂肪族、脂環族、芳香脂肪族、芳香族及びヘテロ環式のポリイソシアネート、例えば、ダブリュー・ジーフケンによるジャスタス・リービッヒス・アナーレン・デア・ケミー、第562巻、第72〜136頁(W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, pages 72 to 136)に記載されたタイプのポリイソシアネートを含む。これらの化合物1の例には、エチレンジイソシアネート、1,4−テトラメチレンジイソシアネート、1,6−ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート;1,12−ドデカンジイソシアネート、シクロブタン−1,3−ジイソシアネート;シクロヘキサン−1,3−及び1,4−ジイソシアネート及びこれらの異性体の混合物が含まれる。
【0025】
更に、追加の例は、1−イソシアナト−3,3,5−トリメチル−5−イソシアナト−メチルシクロヘキサン(ドイツ国特許明細書第1,202,785:German Auslegeschrift No. 1,202,785、米国特許明細書第3,401,190:U.S. Patent No. 3,401,190)、2,4−及び2,6−ヘキサハイドロトリレンジイソシアネート及びこれらの異性体の混合物である。ヘキサハイドロ−1,3−及び/もしくは−1,4−フェニレンジイソシアネート;パーハイドロ−2,4’−及び/もしくは−4,4’−ジフェニルメタン ジイソシアネート;1,3−及び1,4−フェニルレンジイソシアネート;1,4−及び2,5−トリレンジイソシアネート及びこれらの異性体の混合物も本発明において適当である。
【0026】
ジフェニルメタン−2,4−及び/もしくは−4,4’− ジイソシアネート;ナフチレン−1,5−ジイソシアネート;トリフェニルメタン−4,4’,4”−トリイソシアネート;アニリンをホルムアルデヒドと縮合した後ホスゲン化することによって得られるタイプのポリフェニルポリメチレンポリイソシアネート、例えば、英国特許明細書第874,430及び第848,671(British Patent Nos. 874,430 and 848,671)に記載されているものも本発明に使用し得る。
【0027】
米国特許明細書第3,454,606(U.S. Patent No. 3,454,606)に基づくm−及びp−イソシアナト−フェニルスルホニルイソシアネート;例えば、ドイツ国特許明細書第1,157,601(German Auslegeschrift No. 1,157,601、米国特許明細書第3,277,138:U.S. Patent No. 3,277,138)に記載されたタイプのパークロリネーティッド(perchlorinated)アリールポリイソシアネート;ドイツ国特許明細書第1,902,007(German Patent No. 1,902,007、米国特許明細書第3,152,162:U.S. Patent No. 3,152,162)に記載されたタイプのカルボジイミド基含有ポリイソシアネート;米国特許明細書第3,492,330(U.S. Patent No. 3,492,330)に記載されたタイプのジイソシアネート;及び、例えば、英国特許明細書第993,890(British Patent No. 993,890)、ベルギー国特許明細書第761,626(Belgian Patent No. 761,626)及び公開されたオランダ国特許出願第7,102,524(published Dutch Patent Application No. 7,102,524)に記載されているタイプのアロファネート(もしくはアロファン酸エステル:allophanate)基含有ポリイソシアネートも、より更に適切なイソシアネートの例である。
【0028】
更に、例えば、米国特許明細書第3,001,973(U.S. Patent No. 3,001,973)、ドイツ国特許明細書第1,929,034及び2,004,408(German Offenlegungsschriften Nos. 1,929,034 and 2,004,408)に記載されているタイプのイソシアネレート基含有ポリイソシアネート;例えば、ベルギー国特許明細書第752,261(Belgian Patent No. 752,261)又は米国特許明細書第3,394,164(U.S. Patent No. 3,394,164)に記載されたタイプのウレタン基含有ポリイソシアネート;ドイツ国特許明細書第1,230,778(German Patent No. 1,230,778)に基づくアシル化された尿素基含有ポリイソシアネート、及び例えば、ドイツ国特許明細書第1,102,394(German Patent No. 1,101,394、米国特許明細書第3,124,605及び3,201,372:U.S. Patent Nos. 3,124,605 and 3,201,372)及び英国特許明細書第889,050(British Patent No. 889,050)に記載されたタイプのビウレット(biuret)基含有ポリイソシアネートも適切である。
【0029】
製造(又は処理)温度において、液体である芳香族ポリイソシネートを使用することが好ましい。好ましい出発ポリイソシアネートは、室温で液体である4,4’−ジイソシアナト−ジフェニル−メタンの誘導体、例えば、ドイツ国特許明細書第1,618,380(German Patent No. 1,618,380、米国特許明細書第3,644,457:U.S. Patent No. 3,644,457)に基づいて得ることができるタイプのウレタン基含有液体ポリイソシアネートを含む。これらは、例えば、1モルの4,4’−ジイソシアナト−ジフェニルメタンを、0.05〜0.3モルの低分子量ジオール又はトリオール、好ましくは分子量が700以下のポリプロピレングリコールと反応させることによって製造してもよい。
【0030】
好ましくは、本発明に使用する芳香族ポリイソシアネートは、約1〜約16重量%の範囲、より好ましくは約2〜約12重量%の範囲の含有量の2,4−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートを有する。
【0031】
場合により、本発明に基づいて、ポリウレタン樹脂の成分として、プレポリマーを使用することができる。本発明に基づいて、プレポリマーを製造するために、触媒の存在しない条件で、ポリオール成分をポリイソシアネートと反応させることができる。ポリウレタン樹脂を製造するために、触媒と他の適切な添加剤の存在下、ポリオールの残部を加えて一緒に反応することができる。他の添加剤をプレポリマー、ポリオールの残部又は両方に、成分を混合する前に加えてよく、反応の終点において、ポリウレタン樹脂を得ることができる。
【0032】
本発明に使用される適切な基材は、フラックス(flax)、フラックス−サイザル(又は亜麻−サイザル:Flax-Sisal)、麻、ジュート(jute)、ポリウレタンフォーム粒状物又はそれらの混合物を含んで成るファイバーマット、麻とポリプロピレンもしくはポリエーテル繊維を含んで成る天然繊維と合成繊維のマット、ポリエーテル繊維、ショディ・パッド、軟質もしくは硬質の成形可能なポリウレタンフォームから製造された合成マットを含む。好ましくは、基材は、400〜1200g/m2の重量を有する。ファイバーマットは、約0.01〜約50重量%のポリプロピレン又はポリエステルを含んで成ってよい。ファイバーマットが軟質ポリウレタンフォームである場合、約12〜約75kg/m3の密度を有してよく、ファイバーマットが硬質成形可能なフォームである場合、約10〜約40kg/m3の密度を有してよい。
【0033】
上述の二成分ポリウレタン樹脂を、従来から既知のいずれかの手段、好ましくは、スプレーすることによって塗る、はけで塗る、レーキで塗る、ローラーコータを用いて塗る等の方法を用いて、基材に塗工(又は塗布)することができる。より好ましくは、二成分ポリウレタン樹脂を、スプレーヘッド(spray head)にスタティック・ミキサー(static mixer)を有する低圧装置(圧力<150psi)を用いて、又はインピンジメント・ミキシング(impingement mixing)を用いる高圧スプレーヘッド(圧力>500psi)を用いて、基材の第一面(又は第一側面)にスプレー(又は噴霧)する。
【0034】
一般に、ポリウレタン樹脂は、150〜約1500g/m2の量で、基材に塗工することができる。本発明に基づく組成物は、常套の製造(又は加工処理)技術を用いて成形する(又は形づくる)ことができる。一般に、基材は、約60〜約120秒間、90〜130℃の間の温度にて、モールド(もしくは型)又は用具(もしくはツール)で、常套の圧力で成形する。場合により、強度を向上するために、複合材を成形する前に、ペーパー・ハニカム・シート(ペーパーハニカム製のシート:paper honeycomb sheet)を、樹脂で塗工した基材の下に(又は樹脂で塗工した基材の第二面(もしくは第二側面)に)配置してよい。
【0035】
本発明に基づいて製造されるアコースティカリー・サウンド自動車パーツは、三次元ダッシュマット(dashmat)、室内及びエンジン側ファイヤーウォールインシュレーション(絶縁材又は防音材:insulation)、エンジン側のフードインシュレーション、室内の車輪収納室インシュレーション及びトランク・コンパートメント・トリム(もしくはトランクの区画の内装:trunk compartment trim)インシュレーションを含む。
本発明の主な態様を以下に例示する。
1.
ポリオールブレンド及びイソシアネート又はプレポリマーを含んで成る二成分ポリウレタン樹脂を混合する工程、基材の第一面にポリウレタン樹脂を塗工する工程、樹脂を塗工した基材を熱い成形用具に移す工程、樹脂を塗工した基材を複合材に成形する工程、成形用具から複合材を取り出す工程、及び複合材をトリミングする工程を含んで成るアコースティック三次元複合材の製造方法。
2.
上記1記載の方法で製造されたダッシュインシュレーター。
3.
請求項1記載の方法で製造されたフードインシュレーター。
4.
基材とポリウレタン樹脂を含んで成る三次元複合材であって、ポリウレタン樹脂は基材の第一面に塗工され、樹脂が塗工された基材が成形されている複合材。
【0036】
本発明を、下記の実施例によって、更に説明するが、それは、何ら本発明を制限するものではない。実施例において、特に示さない限り、全ての部及び%は、重量である。
【0037】
【実施例】
一般的な手順
下記のイソシアネート及びポリオールは、本発明において有用なポリウレタン樹脂の成分の例である:
イソシアネート1:1〜7重量%の範囲の含有率で、2,4−MDI異性体を含む市販の芳香族ポリメリック(又はポリマー)ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート;
イソシアネート2:約80〜約100重量%のイソシアネート1と約0.01〜約20重量%の市販のオレイン酸/アジピン酸/ペンタエリスリトール混合物との反応混合物(又はプレポリマー);
イソシアネート3:市販の芳香族ポリメリック2,4−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート;
ポリオールA:スクロース/ポリグリコール/水、開始剤から製造された約440の分子量を有するポリエーテル;
ポリオールB:モノエタノールアミン開始剤から製造された約240の分子量を有するポリエーテル。
【0038】
【表1】
【0039】
実施例1
約1000g/m2の一平方メートル当たりの重量を有する一枚のフラックス−サイザルマット(50%フラックス、50%サイザル)を水平な支持具の上に配置した。マットの大きさは、成形用具(又は二次成形用具:forming tool)の寸法に基づくものであった。マットは、成形工程の間、用具(又は工具)の全ての部分をカバーするべきである。表1に記載のポリオールブレンドをイソシアネート2と組み合わせて(ポリオール/イソシアネートは、100:139.4の混合比を有する)を、内部スタティックミキサー(static mixer)を有する低圧混合ヘッドを用いて、マットの上面に塗工した。このタイプの塗工に有用な装置は、例えばランゲマン(Langemann)から市販されている。典型的な圧力は、300psiであり、処理量は、約20g/sに調節した。マットにスプレイ(又は噴霧)したポリウレタン樹脂の全量は、約500g/m2であった。
【0040】
その後基材は90℃に加熱したアルミニウム製成形用具の中に移した。モールド(又は型)のオスの部分に樹脂を塗工した表面が向くような方法で、モールドのオスの部分の上に基材を配置した。その結果、できあがったパーツのポリウレタン層を、音源の方向に向けた。上述したパーツの製造に使用したモールドは、ビニル樹脂の重い層と成形(又はモールド)されたポリウレタン軟質フォームを含んで成る常套のダッシュインシュレーター(dash insulator)を成形するために設計されたので、成形操作の間に必要な圧力を供給するために、ショディ・パッドの支持層(圧縮されていない場合の厚さは約5cm、密度は約70kg/m3)を基材の上に配置した。モールドを閉じて、樹脂を120分間で硬化した。その後、そのパーツをモールドから取りはずし、支持層のショディ・パッドを除いて、トリミングした(形を整えた又は仕上げた)。
【0041】
インピーダンスチューブ試験(impedance tube test)
実施例1で製造した基材と常套の絶縁材について、インピーダンスチューブ試験を行った。ASTM E1050(チューブ、二つのマイクロホン、及びデジタル周波数分析システムを用いるアコースティック(又は音響)材料のインピーダンスと吸収の標準試験方法:Standard Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Materials Using a Tube, Two Microphones, and a Digital Frequency Analysis System)は、図2〜4のデータを取るために用いた方法である。
【0042】
二つのマイクロホン、インピーダンスチューブ試験装置の配置を図1に模式的に示す。インピーダンスチューブ、二本の1/4”コンデンサーマイクロホン、パワーアンプ、高速フーリエ変換マルチチャンネルアナライザー(もしくは分析器)、及びブルーエルとクジャーエル(Bruel & Kjaer)のソフトウェアを有するコンピュータを含むブルーエルとクジャーエル(Bruel & Kjaer)のシステムを用いた。二種類の異なるサイズのチューブを、異なる周波数の範囲で測定するために使用した。大きなチューブ(直径100mm)は、100Hz〜1600Hzの周波数で使用した。小さなチューブ(直径29mm)は、500Hz〜6400Hzの周波数で使用した。
【0043】
チューブの一端に配置されたスピーカーは、チューブ内で、広帯域の定常音響平面波を発生する。テストサンプルを、硬質のピストン裏打ち(piston backing)と共に反対の端部に配置する。広帯域の波は、チューブの壁の二つの位置にて音の圧力の間のトランスファー・ファンクション・リレーション(又は伝達関数の関係:transfer function relation)を用いることによって、入射成分と反射成分に分離する。アナライザーは、着目する周波数の各々において、入射圧力に対する反射圧力の増幅比から、反射係数Rの大きさを計算する。周波数に依存するSA係数(又は音の吸収係数)は、次式[数1]で与えられる:
【数1】
α(f)=1−R(f)2
【0044】
ASTMの方法は、材料の同じブロックから切り出した少なくとも二つの29mmの試料と少なくとも二つの100mmの試料をテストすることを推奨する。パーツの固有の変化を考慮に入れることができるので、これらの結果を平均化することは、材料の性能のより正確な評価を与えるであろう。
【0045】
図2、3及び4に比較しながら説明するように、本発明に基づいて製造されたポリウレタン樹脂コンポーネント(又は部品)は、密度が低く、当該技術分野で既知の他の音のインシュレーター(絶縁材、防音材又は遮音材)より、より高い音の吸収性を有する。
【0046】
本発明を説明するために、詳細に記載したが、そのような詳細な説明は、単にその目的のためであり、特許請求の範囲によって制限され得ることを除いて、当業者であれば、本発明の精神及び範囲から離れることなく変更することができることを理解するべきである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 図1は、インピーダンスチューブ試験装置の概略を示す。
【図2】 図2は、100〜6400Hzの周波数の範囲で、市販のダッシュインシュレーターからの、7.62mmの厚さを有するスラブストックフォームの音の吸収係数を示す。
【図3】 図3は、100〜6400Hzの周波数の範囲で、フォード・トーラス(登録商標)・ウルトラライト・ダッシュインシュレーター(Ford Taurus Ultralite Dash Insulator)の音の吸収係数を示す。
【図4】 図4は、100〜6400Hzの周波数の範囲で、常套のポリウレタンフォームに対する、本発明に基づくポリウレタン被覆(又は塗工)フラックスサイザルファイバーマット(flax sisal fiber mat)の音の吸収係数を比較して示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a three-dimensional composite material having structural properties and acoustic (or acoustic) properties. The method of the present invention includes supplying a polyurethane resin, applying the polyurethane resin to the first side (or first side) of the substrate, and then forming (or shaping) the substrate into the desired three-dimensional shape. ). Furthermore, the method of the present invention can be applied to, for example, a three-dimensional dashboard, indoor and engine-side fire wall (or fire wall) insulation (insulator, insulation, sound insulation or sound insulation: insulation or insulator), Automotive acoustic sounds (acoustic or acoustic) such as engine-side hood (bonnet or roof) insulation, interior wheel compartment insulation, and trunk compartment trim (or compartment trim) insulation It is related to the production of parts (or parts).
[0002]
[Prior art]
The interior of an automobile is usually insulated (soundproof or soundproof) from sound (or noise) transmitted through the car frame, such as sound generated from tires, road sound, wind sound, engine sound, and sound from other machine parts of the car. ) Numerous substrates are known in the art that reduce the sound entering the vehicle interior from outside the vehicle. For example, it is known in the art to provide a fibrous material between the sound outside an automobile and the room. The material reduces sound propagation and vibration. For example, a wide variety of damping materials are known in the art, such as nonwovens such as shoddy pads (or shoddy pads) and foamed polyurethane materials. It is also known in the art to attach a soundproof barrier to the damping material via an adhesive. Such attachment is usually performed on an automobile carpet (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4). However, such sound attenuating materials are heavy.
[0003]
Furthermore, it is also known in the art to produce needled composite acoustic barriers where the need for adhesives is limited (see Patent Document 5). In addition, a structure formed from a porous core coated on both sides with a skin part made of a pile of synthetic fiber or inorganic fiber soaked in a thermoplastic resin that can withstand large loads and can attenuate sound It is known in the art to provide panels or similar elements having mechanical and acoustic properties (see US Pat.
[0004]
Two methods are known in the art for manufacturing dashboard insulation on automobile firewalls to absorb and / or block sound (or noise) generated from an engine. In general, these dashboard barriers are cast polyurethane foams, skived polyurethane foams, fiber mats made from polyester or natural fibers and shoddy pads, Contains a vacuum formed heavy layer of EVA or PVC filled with barium sulfate or injection molded TPO skin and decoupler. In the case of a fiber mat, a phenolic binder is applied.
[0005]
A known dashboard insulation manufacturing process involves heating a sheet of vinyl resin, then transferring the vinyl resin to a molding tool, and subsequently vacuum molding the vinyl resin. If the barrier is a cast foam, the liquid foam is applied to the vinyl resin made with the tool by the operation of the open or closed tool, and then the coated foam is Remove from mold and trim (finish or trim: trim). If the barrier is a fiber or a shoddy mat (or a shoddy mat), the formed vinyl resin is transferred to another molding tool, added with the fiber or shoddy mat, molded and cured.
[0006]
The barrier formed from this process uses the soft, flexible and absorbent material, such as foam or mat described above, to create the sound that penetrates through the steel of the firewall from the heavy layer (second wall). Has double wall effect by isolating vibration. A barrier containing a phenolic shoddy pad impregnated with resin acts primarily as an absorbent that absorbs sound that penetrates through the firewall or reflects from inside the vehicle.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
U.S. Pat. No. 4,056,161
[Patent Document 2]
U.S. Pat. No. 4,966,799
[Patent Document 3]
US Pat. No. 5,266,143
[Patent Document 4]
US Pat. No. 5,068,001
[Patent Document 5]
US Pat. No. 6,109,389
[Patent Document 6]
U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,610
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional method (or process) for producing a three-dimensionally shaped (or shaped) composite comprising a substrate coated (coated or coated) with a polyurethane resin on one side Needs remain. In particular, there remains a conventional need to provide three-dimensional automotive parts (or parts) that are lightweight, acoustically and structurally sufficient.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
By applying polyurethane resin to the first side (or first side) of the substrate and then molding the substrate with the resin applied, a three-dimensional acoustically sound (acoustic or acoustically sufficient) : It has been found that automobile parts can be manufactured.
[0010]
Automobile parts (or parts) produced in accordance with the present invention are lighter than conventional foams and heavy layered composites, and more than cast foams or flexible slabstock foams of the same thickness. Provides good sound absorption (or sound absorption).
[0011]
The present invention is also directed to a method (or process) for producing a three-dimensional acoustically sound dash mat.
[0012]
The dash mat manufactured in accordance with the present invention is self-supporting for easy installation.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional composite material for reducing (or attenuating) sound. In particular, the present invention includes a step of mixing a polyol blend (or blend) and a two-component polyurethane resin comprising an isocyanate, and then applying (applying) the resin to the first side (or first side) of the substrate. Or coating), subsequently transferring the resin-coated base material to a hot molding tool, molding (or shaping) the resin-coated base material into a composite material, and finally, the composite material After curing, the present invention is directed to a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional composite material that absorbs sound, including the step of removing the composite material from the tool and trimming (or finishing) the composite material. Further, according to the present invention, the three-dimensional composite material may optionally be coated with a resin on both sides (or both sides) of the substrate.
[0014]
The polyurethane resins used in the present invention can be processed in a wide range of polyol / isocyanate ratios. Preferably, the polyurethane resin used in accordance with the present invention has an NCO index in the range of 90-130, more preferably in the range of 100-120.
The polyurethane blend preferably also comprises from about 30 to about 60% by weight polyol blend and from about 25 to about 55% by weight isocyanate.
[0015]
The polyurethane resin used in the present invention includes a polyol blend. Generally, the polyol blend of the present invention includes at least one polyol or isocyanate-reactive component. The first polyol is generally present in the range of about 30 to about 80 weight percent of the total blend, preferably in the range of 45 to about 65 weight percent. The second polyol is generally present in the range of about 10 to about 64% by weight, preferably in the range of about 27 to about 47% by weight. Optionally, the polyol blend further comprises from about 0 to about 20 weight percent fatty acids, preferably from about 3 to about 10 weight percent fatty acids. The polyol blend may comprise from about 0 to about 5% by weight of catalyst, preferably from about 0.2 to about 1% by weight.
[0016]
The polyol blend may further comprise a filler present in an amount of about 0 to about 20% by weight, preferably about 1 to about 5% by weight. If necessary, the black pigment can be added to the polyol blend in an amount ranging from 0 to 5% by weight, preferably from about 0.5 to 2% by weight. Carbon black is widely used in this industrial field as a pigment, but organic dyes (or pigments) can also be used. Optionally, in order to improve the wettability of the urethane to the various mats, wetting agents in an amount of 0-5% by weight, preferably 0.1-2% by weight, based on the total amount of the polyol blend can also be used. .
Also, based on the total amount of polyol blend, the polyol blend preferably comprises from about 1 to about 20% by weight fatty acid, from about 1 to about 2% by weight catalyst, and from about 1 to about 10% by weight filler.
[0017]
In general, isocyanate-reactive compounds include, for example, hydroxyl group-containing compounds. These materials can typically be divided into two groups, high molecular weight compounds having a molecular weight of 500-10,000 and low molecular weight compounds having a molecular weight of 62-499. Preferred polyols of the present invention include commonly used initiators such as 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylpropane, sucrose, aniline, ammonia, toluenediamine, monoethanolamine, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, ethylenediamine, and the like. Is a low molecular weight polyether derived from
[0018]
Polyethers modified with vinyl polymers, such as polyethers of the type formed by polymerizing styrene or acrylonitrile in the presence of polyethers (eg, US Pat. Nos. 3,383,351; 3,304 , 273; 3,523,093; and 3,110,695: US Patents Nos. 3,383,351; 3,304,273; 3,523,093; and 3,110,695; German Patent Specification 1,152,536: German Patent 1,152,536) OH group-containing polybutadiene is suitable as well. Further, suitable hydroxyl group-containing polyols include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene diol, 1,3-propylene diol, 1,3-butane diol, 1,4-butane diol, 2,3-butane diol, 1, Examples include 6-hexanediol, 1,10-decanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, glycerol and trimethylolpropane.
[0019]
Polyols useful in the present invention include those used in the art of making polyester polyols such as adipic acid, phthalic acid or other aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides such as propylene glycol. , Dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, or tetrapropylene glycol or ethylene glycol and oligomers thereof, butanediol, hexanediol or other aliphatic diol, bisphenol A or other aromatic diol Polyester polyols are included. In addition, polycaprolactam or polylactide may also be present in the polyol blend of the present invention. Naturally occurring polyester polyols such as castor oil or modified soybean oil, rapeseed oil, or linseed oil, or ricinoleic acid or polyricinoleic acid and butanediol condensates or polyricinoleic acid are also polyol blends used in connection with the present invention. May be used to form.
[0020]
The polyol blend of the present invention may also contain fatty acids. Suitable fatty acids include, for example, fatty acids as shown by (Chemical Formula 1).
[Chemical 1]
R (CO2H)n : (Chemical formula 1)
[In (Chemical Formula 1), n is 1, 2 or 3. R contains at least 10 carbon atoms. R is an alkyl group (which may be cyclic or branched), an alkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group or an aryl group, which may be saturated or unsaturated. ]
[0021]
Examples of useful acids include, for example, n-decanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and the like. Oleic acid is a preferred fatty acid.
[0022]
Other additives that may be used in the present invention include, for example, various organometallic compounds such as tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids, dialkyltin salts of carboxylic acids, dialkyltin mercaptides, dialkyltin dithioesters, and the like, and For example, dimethylcyclohexylamine (ie, Polycat 8), pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (ie, Polycat 5), potassium acetate (ie, Polycat 45), bis [2- (dimethylamino ) Ethyl] ether (Niax A-1), dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), tertiary amine catalysts such as Dabco WT. Of course, any catalyst known to those skilled in the art of polyurethane chemistry can be used.
[0023]
Suitable fillers and reinforcing agents that may be included in the polyol blend as described above include, for example, glass in the form of fibers, flakes, cut fibers, or microspheres; Or mica), wollastonite; carbon fiber; carbon black; carbon black paste; talc; and both organic and inorganic compounds such as calcium carbonate. For example, re-crushed polyurethane with a particle size of 100 μm or less from a seat cushion and a production trim of SRIM (or structural reaction injection molding) or RIM (or reaction injection molding) parts is used as a filler You can do it.
[0024]
The starting polyisocyanate components used in the present invention are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates, such as Justus Liebigs Anarlen der Chemie, No. 562 by W. Ziefken. Vol. 72-136 (W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, pages 72 to 136). Examples of these compounds 1 include ethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate, cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate; cyclohexane-1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanate and mixtures of these isomers are included.
[0025]
Further examples include 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato-methylcyclohexane (German Patent Specification No. 1,202,785: German Auslegeschrift No. 1,202,785, US Pat. , 401, 190: US Patent No. 3,401,190), 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotolylene diisocyanate and mixtures of these isomers. Hexahydro-1,3- and / or -1,4-phenylene diisocyanate; perhydro-2,4'- and / or -4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate; 1,3- and 1,4-phenyl diisocyanate 1,4- and 2,5-tolylene diisocyanate and mixtures of these isomers are also suitable in the present invention.
[0026]
Diphenylmethane-2,4- and / or -4,4'-diisocyanate; naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate; triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate; condensation of aniline with formaldehyde followed by phosgenation Polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates of the type obtained by the process, for example those described in British patent specifications 874,430 and 848,671 (British Patent Nos. 874,430 and 848,671) can also be used in the present invention. .
[0027]
M- and p-isocyanato-phenylsulfonyl isocyanate based on US Pat. No. 3,454,606 (US Pat. No. 3,454,606); for example, German Patent Specification 1,157,601 (German Auslegeschrift No. 1,157,601, Perchlorinated aryl polyisocyanates of the type described in US Pat. No. 3,277,138); German Patent Specification 1,902,007 (German Patent No. 1,277,138); 1,902,007, US Pat. No. 3,152,162: carbodiimide group-containing polyisocyanate of the type described in US Pat. No. 3,152,162; described in US Pat. No. 3,492,330 Types of diisocyanates; and, for example, British Patent Specification 993,890 (British Patent No. 993,890) Allophanate of the type described in Belgian Patent Specification No. 761,626 (Belgian Patent No. 761,626) and published Dutch Patent Application No. 7,102,524 (published Dutch Patent Application No. 7,102,524) (or Polyisocyanates containing allophanate groups are further examples of suitable isocyanates.
[0028]
Further, for example, described in US Patent No. 3,001,973 (US Patent No. 3,001,973), German Patent Specifications No. 1,929,034 and 2,004,408 (German Offenlegungsschriften Nos. 1,929,034 and 2,004,408). Polyisocyanates containing isocyanate groups of the type known; for example, Belgian Patent Specification 752,261 (Belgian Patent No. 752,261) or US Patent Specification 3,394,164 (US Patent No. 3,394,164). Urethane group-containing polyisocyanates of the type described; acylated urea group-containing polyisocyanates based on German Patent Specification 1,230,778 (German Patent No. 1,230,778) and, for example, German Patent Specification No. 1,102,394 (German Patent No. 1,101,394, US Pat. Nos. 3,124,605 and 3,201,372: US Patent) Nos. 3,124,605 and 3,201,372) and biuret group-containing polyisocyanates of the type described in British Patent Specification 889,050 (British Patent No. 889,050) are also suitable.
[0029]
It is preferred to use an aromatic polyisocyanate that is a liquid at the production (or treatment) temperature. Preferred starting polyisocyanates are derivatives of 4,4′-diisocyanato-diphenyl-methane which are liquid at room temperature, for example German Patent Specification No. 1,618,380 (German Patent No. 1,618,380, US Pat. 644,457: U.S. Pat. No. 3,644,457), which contains urethane type liquid polyisocyanates of the type that can be obtained. These are prepared, for example, by reacting 1 mol of 4,4′-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane with 0.05 to 0.3 mol of a low molecular weight diol or triol, preferably a polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 700 or less. Also good.
[0030]
Preferably, the aromatic polyisocyanate used in the present invention has a content of 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate in the range of about 1 to about 16% by weight, more preferably in the range of about 2 to about 12% by weight.
[0031]
In some cases, prepolymers can be used as a component of the polyurethane resin in accordance with the present invention. In accordance with the present invention, a polyol component can be reacted with a polyisocyanate in the absence of a catalyst to produce a prepolymer. To produce a polyurethane resin, the remainder of the polyol can be added and reacted together in the presence of a catalyst and other suitable additives. Other additives may be added to the prepolymer, the remainder of the polyol, or both before mixing the components, and at the end of the reaction, a polyurethane resin can be obtained.
[0032]
Suitable substrates used in the present invention comprise flax, flux-sisal (or Flax-Sisal), hemp, jute, polyurethane foam granules or mixtures thereof. Fiber mats, mats of natural and synthetic fibers comprising hemp and polypropylene or polyether fibers, polyether fibers, shoddy pads, synthetic mats made from soft or rigid moldable polyurethane foam. Preferably, the substrate is 400 to 1200 g / m.2Having a weight of The fiber mat may comprise about 0.01 to about 50 weight percent polypropylene or polyester. When the fiber mat is a flexible polyurethane foam, about 12 to about 75 kg / m3From about 10 to about 40 kg / m when the fiber mat is a rigid moldable foam3It may have a density of
[0033]
Applying the above-mentioned two-component polyurethane resin by any conventionally known means, preferably by spraying, brushing, coating with rake, or coating using a roller coater, etc. Can be applied (or applied). More preferably, the two-component polyurethane resin is sprayed using a low pressure device (pressure <150 psi) with a static mixer on the spray head or using impingement mixing. Spray (or spray) the first side (or first side) of the substrate using a head (pressure> 500 psi).
[0034]
Generally, polyurethane resin is 150 to about 1500 g / m.2Can be applied to the substrate. The composition according to the invention can be shaped (or shaped) using conventional manufacturing (or processing) techniques. In general, the substrate is molded with conventional pressure in a mold (or mold) or tool (or tool) at a temperature between 90 and 130 ° C. for about 60 to about 120 seconds. In some cases, in order to improve strength, a paper honeycomb sheet (paper honeycomb sheet) is placed under the resin-coated substrate (or with resin) before forming the composite. You may arrange | position on the 2nd surface (or 2nd side surface) of the coated base material.
[0035]
The acoustically sound automobile parts manufactured according to the present invention include a three-dimensional dash mat, indoor and engine side firewall insulation (insulation or sound insulation: insulation), engine side hood insulation, Includes interior wheel compartment insulation and trunk compartment trim (or trunk compartment trim) insulation.
The main aspects of the present invention are exemplified below.
1.
Mixing a two-component polyurethane resin comprising a polyol blend and an isocyanate or prepolymer, applying a polyurethane resin to the first side of the substrate, transferring the resin-coated substrate to a hot molding tool, A method for producing an acoustic three-dimensional composite material, comprising: forming a resin-coated base material into a composite material; removing the composite material from a molding tool; and trimming the composite material.
2.
A dash insulator manufactured by the method according to 1 above.
3.
A food insulator manufactured by the method according to claim 1.
4).
A three-dimensional composite material comprising a base material and a polyurethane resin, wherein the polyurethane resin is coated on the first surface of the base material, and the base material coated with the resin is molded.
[0036]
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which do not limit the invention in any way. In the examples, all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
[0037]
【Example】
General procedure
The following isocyanates and polyols are examples of components of polyurethane resins useful in the present invention:
Isocyanate 1: 1, a commercially available aromatic polymeric (or polymer) diphenylmethane diisocyanate containing 2,4-MDI isomers at a content ranging from 1 to 7% by weight;
Isocyanate 2: A reaction mixture (or prepolymer) of about 80 to about 100% by weight of isocyanate 1 and about 0.01 to about 20% by weight of a commercially available oleic acid / adipic acid / pentaerythritol mixture;
Isocyanate 3: Commercial aromatic polymeric 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate;
Polyol A: sucrose / polyglycol / water, polyether made from initiator and having a molecular weight of about 440;
Polyol B: a polyether having a molecular weight of about 240 made from a monoethanolamine initiator.
[0038]
[Table 1]
[0039]
Example 1
1000g / m2A flux-sisal mat (50% flux, 50% sisal) having a weight per square meter was placed on a horizontal support. The size of the mat was based on the dimensions of the forming tool (or forming tool). The mat should cover all parts of the tool (or tool) during the molding process. The polyol blend described in Table 1 is combined with isocyanate 2 (polyol / isocyanate has a mixing ratio of 100: 139.4) using a low pressure mixing head with an internal static mixer. Coated on top. Equipment useful for this type of coating is commercially available, for example, from Langemann. A typical pressure was 300 psi and the throughput was adjusted to about 20 g / s. The total amount of polyurethane resin sprayed (or sprayed) on the mat is about 500 g / m.2Met.
[0040]
The substrate was then transferred into an aluminum molding tool heated to 90 ° C. The base material was arrange | positioned on the male part of a mold by the method in which the surface which apply | coated resin to the male part of a mold (or type | mold) faces. As a result, the polyurethane layer of the finished part was directed toward the sound source. The mold used to make the parts described above was designed to mold a conventional dash insulator comprising a heavy layer of vinyl resin and a molded (or molded) polyurethane flexible foam. To provide the necessary pressure during operation, the support layer of the shoddy pad (uncompressed thickness is about 5 cm, density is about 70 kg / m3) Was placed on the substrate. The mold was closed and the resin was cured in 120 minutes. The part was then removed from the mold and trimmed (shaped or finished), except for the support layer shoddy pad.
[0041]
Impedance tube test
An impedance tube test was performed on the base material manufactured in Example 1 and a conventional insulating material. ASTM E1050 (Standard Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Materials Using a Tube, Two Microphones, and a Digital Frequency Analysis System) is a method used to obtain the data of FIGS.
[0042]
The arrangement of the two microphones and the impedance tube test apparatus is schematically shown in FIG. Blueell and Kujael, including a computer with an impedance tube, two 1/4 "condenser microphones, a power amplifier, a fast Fourier transform multichannel analyzer (or analyzer), and Bruel & Kjaer software Bruel & Kjaer) system was used, two different sized tubes were used to measure in different frequency ranges, large tubes (
[0043]
A speaker disposed at one end of the tube generates a broadband stationary acoustic plane wave within the tube. The test sample is placed at the opposite end with a hard piston backing. Broadband waves are separated into incident and reflected components by using a transfer function relation between the sound pressures at two locations on the tube wall. The analyzer calculates the magnitude of the reflection coefficient R from the amplification ratio of the reflected pressure to the incident pressure at each frequency of interest. The frequency dependent SA coefficient (or sound absorption coefficient) is given by:
[Expression 1]
α (f) = 1−R (f)2
[0044]
The ASTM method recommends testing at least two 29 mm samples and at least two 100 mm samples cut from the same block of material. Averaging these results will give a more accurate assessment of the performance of the material, since the inherent changes of the parts can be taken into account.
[0045]
2, 3 and 4, the polyurethane resin component (or part) manufactured in accordance with the present invention has a low density and other sound insulators (insulators) known in the art. Sound absorbing material or sound insulating material).
[0046]
While the present invention has been described in detail for purposes of illustrating the invention, such detailed description is for purposes of illustration only and is intended to be used by one of ordinary skill in the art, except that it may be limited by the scope of the claims. It should be understood that changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an outline of an impedance tube test apparatus.
FIG. 2 shows the sound absorption coefficient of a slabstock foam having a thickness of 7.62 mm from a commercial dash insulator in the frequency range of 100-6400 Hz.
FIG. 3 shows the sound absorption coefficient of a Ford Taurus Ultralite Dash Insulator in the frequency range of 100-6400 Hz.
FIG. 4 shows the sound absorption coefficient of a polyurethane coated (or coated) flux sisal fiber mat according to the present invention for a conventional polyurethane foam in the frequency range of 100 to 6400 Hz. Shown in comparison.
Claims (3)
三次元複合材は、1000Hzで0.26の音の吸収係数、3000Hzで0.81の音の吸収係数を有するアコースティック三次元複合材の製造方法。Mixing a two-component polyurethane resin comprising a polyol blend and an isocyanate or a prepolymer, flux - sisal step of applying a polyurethane resin to a first side of the mat, the flux was applied a polyurethane resin - sisal mats hot molding An acoustic process comprising a step of transferring to a tool, a step of forming a polyurethane resin-coated flux-sisal mat into a three-dimensional composite material, a step of removing the three-dimensional composite material from the molding tool, and a step of trimming the three-dimensional composite material A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional composite material,
The three-dimensional composite material is a method for producing an acoustic three-dimensional composite material having a sound absorption coefficient of 0.26 at 1000 Hz and a sound absorption coefficient of 0.81 at 3000 Hz.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US10/101779 | 2002-03-20 | ||
US10/101,779 US6773756B2 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2002-03-20 | Process to manufacture three dimensionally shaped substrate for sound abatement |
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JP2003291166A JP2003291166A (en) | 2003-10-14 |
JP4375985B2 true JP4375985B2 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
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JP2003077617A Expired - Lifetime JP4375985B2 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2003-03-20 | Method for manufacturing a three-dimensionally shaped base material to attenuate sound |
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US (2) | US6773756B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1346819B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4375985B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101005985B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN1313258C (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2421884C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60305765T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2266656T3 (en) |
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CN101025916A (en) | 2007-08-29 |
US7285316B2 (en) | 2007-10-23 |
KR101005985B1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
US20040212125A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
JP2003291166A (en) | 2003-10-14 |
CA2421884C (en) | 2011-10-18 |
ATE328723T1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
ES2266656T3 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
KR20030076362A (en) | 2003-09-26 |
CN1313258C (en) | 2007-05-02 |
CN1445068A (en) | 2003-10-01 |
US6773756B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
EP1346819A1 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
HK1056853A1 (en) | 2004-03-05 |
CA2421884A1 (en) | 2003-09-20 |
DE60305765D1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
MXPA03002320A (en) | 2004-10-29 |
DE60305765T2 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
US20030180500A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
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