JP4371406B2 - Orbit measurement system and orbit measurement method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a trajectory measurement system and a trajectory measurement method , and more particularly to a trajectory measurement system and a trajectory measurement method using a lightwave distance meter and a reflecting prism.

  Rail measurements are performed for rail laying and rail maintenance. As the measurement items, four items are known: gauge, level, height, and street (straightness). The accuracy of rail laying and track maintenance is defined by these four items. In high-speed railways such as the Shinkansen, the accuracy is highly regulated.

  Of the four items, gauges and optical distance measuring instruments are known as measuring techniques for measuring the gauge and level. A total station is used as an optical rangefinder. The total station is known as an optical device that observes multiple point displacements such as crustal movements in a wide area in real time. Of the four items, water yarn and scale are known as measuring techniques for measuring the height and the street. The gauge is composed of a main body that is fitted between the rails in a bridging manner and a level that is fixed to the main body. Gauges that measure gauge and level cannot measure height and street. The total station is composed of an automatic laser rangefinder and a prism. The automatic laser rangefinder includes an optical system that transmits a laser beam to a measurement target region and receives laser light reflected from the measurement target, and a calculation system that calculates a three-dimensional distance of a reflection point by calculation. The prism is fixed to a predetermined portion of the ground side base portion of the rail. The automatic laser rangefinder automatically searches for the position of the prism and receives laser light reflected from the prism at that position. A plurality of such prisms are permanently and permanently arranged, and the rail gauge and level are permanently (long term) measured. The optical rangefinder can automatically measure the four items of the gauge, level, height, and street with high accuracy, but the prism is fixed and the construction is done in the vicinity. It is used for special circumstances for measurement of measurement target areas.

  Trackers who are in charge of normal track maintenance or those who are in charge of normal monitoring are walking along the track over the entire track, applying gauges to the track at appropriate intervals, and the gauge and level defined by the gauge. Observe the deviation with respect to. The position measurement of the observation position is executed by a track maintenance person or a monitoring person each time with respect to a reference point whose absolute position is known. The observer writes the observation position and deviation on the inspection card at the observation position for each observation. In such work of measuring and recording at multiple points, it is difficult to eliminate the occurrence of human error (example: entry error). In such a known measurement method, a large number of people must be mobilized in order to measure the designated section within a predetermined time.

It is required that multi-item measurement can be performed by a single measurement operation. It is further required that the measurement work is simple. On the other hand, a method has been proposed in which a track right angle ruler is placed between two rails and a laser pointer is irradiated downward from this center to accurately measure the deviation between the track center and the planned track center point (patent) Reference 1). However, this measurement cannot measure the above-mentioned four items of each rail.
In addition, a laser beam is irradiated along the reference rail, and this laser beam is received by a light receiver on a carriage moving along the railroad rail, and the distance from the reference rail to the laser beam at each measurement point is measured. And what measures the street of a rail is also proposed (patent document 2). This measuring method cannot measure the four items described above. In addition, various systems have been proposed for mounting a measuring device on a vehicle and measuring the amount of movement of the rail with this measuring device. However, all of these systems are large, for example, immediately after the track maintenance work is completed. It is not a system that can be measured.

JP-A-8-75423 JP-A-5-001908

An object of the present invention is to provide a trajectory measurement system and a trajectory measurement method capable of performing multi-item measurement in a single measurement operation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a trajectory measurement system and a trajectory measurement method that further simplify the measurement work.

  The orbit measuring gauge according to the present invention includes a first gauge body (8), a second gauge body (9) that moves forward and backward in a specified direction with respect to the first gauge body (8), and a first gauge body (8). A first prism mirror (11) that reflects light reflected parallel to the incident light and a second prism mirror (12) that reflects light reflected parallel to the incident light and fixed to the second gauge body (9). It is composed of The first gauge body (8) has a left positioning part (14) positioned with respect to the left rail (6), and the second gauge body (9) is positioned with respect to the right rail (7). It has a part (24). The first prism mirror (11) and the second prism mirror (12) may be rotatably fixed to the first gauge body (8) and the second gauge body (9), respectively.

  The first prism mirror (11) and the second prism mirror (12) are positioned with respect to the left rail (6) and the right rail (7) via the left positioning portion (14) and the right positioning portion (24). The The straight line between the first prism mirror (11) and the second prism mirror (12) corresponds to the relative position vector between the mirrors. The positions of the first prism mirror (11) and the second prism mirror (12) can be measured by various known means due to their light reflectivity. The gauge for trajectory measurement according to the present invention, which can obtain data for determining the three-dimensional positional relationship between two points, can be used only for this, and can be used to measure the four items of trajectory, level, street, and height required for trajectory measurement. Sufficient data can be given for measurement. Optical measurement using a mirror eliminates the need to read scale scales in a dark place at night, and can automate the measurement work. A known general gauge (example: caliper) can measure a distance between two points, but cannot measure a vector quantity that is a three-dimensional direction quantity. In a known orbit measurement gauge, even if a level is provided, the relative positional relationship between the relative vectors of the two positions cannot be measured.

  Here, the prism mirror means a reflecting mirror in which incident light incident on the prism mirror and reflected light reflected therefrom are parallel. In a special case, a part of the scattered light has omnidirectional characteristics having such properties. Includes light scatterers. The prism mirror that is conventionally called means a polygonal multi-surface reflecting mirror designed so that all the reflected light is parallel to all of the incident light. When such a multi-surface reflecting mirror is used, all of the reflected light can be returned to the light receiving unit, which is advantageous in terms of improving measurement accuracy by securing the light amount. Forming the reflecting surface on a reflecting surface having a particularly high reflectance of the specific wavelength light secures the amount of light, and in particular makes observation in the daytime using visible light advantageous.

  The left positioning part (14) has a left contact surface (15) in contact with the left rail (6), the effective reflection point (P) of the first prism mirror (11) is included in the left contact surface (15), and The right positioning part (24) has a right contact surface (25) in contact with the right rail (7), and an effective reflection point (Q) of the second prism mirror (12) is included in the right contact surface (25). Such a geometric structure simplifies the mathematical program that converts the measured quantity into an actual gauge vector, can increase the calculation speed by reducing the calculation quantity, and shortens the work time of multipoint observation. be able to.

  A biasing tool that biases the first gauge body (8) and the second gauge body (9) with a moving force that moves the first gauge body (8) and the second gauge body (9) relative to each other in a specified direction. The addition of 10) is remarkably effective for simplifying the work and shortening the work time. The left contact surface (15) and the right contact surface (25) are formed as an inscribed surface that contacts the rail from the inside or a circumscribed surface that contacts the rail from the outside. The moving force can be provided as a repulsive force by the compression spring or as a tensile force by the tension spring.

  A movable body (47), a coupling body (48) for coupling the first gauge body (8) to the movable body (47), and a guide wheel for guiding the movable body (47) to the left rail (6) ( The addition of 49) is significantly more effective for simplifying the work and shortening the work time. Automatic measurement is possible by transferring the mirrors on both sides with an automatic traveling carriage. In this case, the monitoring is unmanned or the monitor can drive the truck on the truck.

  The trajectory measurement system according to the present invention includes a gauge (1), a station (2), and a mobile communication terminal (3) that communicates bidirectionally with the station (2). The gauge (1) has a gauge body (8, 9), a first prism mirror (11) disposed at a first position (left position) of the gauge (1), and a second position (right position) of the gauge. The second prism mirror (12) is arranged. The first position and the second position correspond to a three-dimensional relative position vector between the rails between the left rail (6) and the right rail (7), and the station (2) is a laser light projector that emits laser light. (37) and a light receiver (38) for receiving the reflected light reflected by the first prism mirror (11) and the second prism mirror (12). The station (2) is between the first prism mirror (11) and the reference point (39-1) set in the station (2) corresponding to the reflected light reflected by the first prism mirror (11). The first relative position vector is measured, and the second relative position between the second prism mirror (12) and the reference point (39-1) corresponding to the reflected light reflected by the second prism mirror (12). Has a measurement function to measure vectors.

  The station (2) has a communication function of individually communicating with a single or a plurality of communication terminals (3) in both directions. The communication terminal (3) includes a first communication function for transmitting a first start signal (corresponding to pressing of 44) for starting measurement of the first relative position vector to the station (2), and a second relative position vector. A second communication function for transmitting a second start signal for starting measurement (corresponding to pressing 44) to the station (2). Measurement is performed by the start signal, data corresponding to the start signal is reliably obtained, and unnecessary data collection is avoided. It is preferable that an ID corresponding to the individual communication terminal (3) is added to the start signal when a plurality of communication terminals are used simultaneously.

  The station (2) is obtained corresponding to the first relative position vector (A) and the second relative position vector (B), and is between the first prism mirror (11) and the second prism mirror (12). It has a communication function of transmitting an improper signal (52) that the position vector between rails corresponding to the distance is improper to the communication terminal (3). The inappropriate signal can prompt the worker in the vicinity of the communication terminal (2) to perform an appropriate action. The communication terminal (3) has a display function for displaying a warning (corresponding to 43) corresponding to the inappropriate signal (52).

  The station (2) is obtained corresponding to the first relative position vector and the second relative position vector, and an inter-rail position vector corresponding to the distance between the first prism mirror (11) and the second prism mirror is obtained. It has a communication function for transmitting an improper signal (52) that is improper to the communication terminal (3). The communication terminal (3) transmits a first start signal for starting measurement of the first relative position vector to the station (2), and a second start for starting measurement of the second relative position vector. A second communication function for transmitting a signal to the station (2), and a third communication function for transmitting the first start signal and the second start signal to the station again in response to the improper signal (52). Yes. The station (2) further has a calculation function for calculating an inter-rail position vector corresponding to the first relative position vector and the second relative position vector. Inappropriate factors of the trajectory measurement value may include improper operation of the worker, breakage of the mirror, and vibration of the surrounding environment (construction). In such a case, it is important to confirm appropriateness / inappropriateness by re-measurement.

  The station (2) has a recording function for recording the first relative position vector and the second relative position vector. The station (2) has a recording function for recording the position vector between the rails. Such a recording function eliminates the need for the creation of an inspection table or data input by handwriting by the worker.

  The trajectory measurement method according to the present invention is a trajectory measurement method for collecting trajectory data using the aforementioned trajectory measurement gauge, and is used by an operator who installs a lightwave distance meter (2) in the vicinity of the left rail (6). The distance meter installation process, the terminal installation process of the worker who installs the communication terminal (3) in the vicinity, and the trajectory defined by the left rail (6) and the right rail (7) A first gauge installation step of an operator who positions and contacts the first position (I in FIG. 1) to install the orbital measurement gauge (1), and the optical distance meter (2) and the first position (I) 1st communication of the worker who transmits the 1st measurement start signal which starts measurement of the 1st relative position vector between 1 prism mirrors (11) to light wave rangefinder (2) using communication terminal (3) A step, a light wave distance meter (2) and a second prism mirror (12) in a first position (I); A second communication step of an operator for transmitting a second measurement start signal for starting measurement of the second relative position vector between them to the lightwave distance meter (2) using the communication terminal (3), and an orbit measurement gauge ( 1) A second gauge installation process for an operator who moves and installs the second position (II in FIG. 1), a light wave distance meter (2), and a first prism mirror (11) at the second position (II). A third communication step of a worker transmitting a third measurement start signal for starting measurement of the third relative position vector to the light wave distance meter (2) using the communication terminal (3), and a light wave distance The fourth measurement start signal for starting the measurement of the fourth relative position vector between the meter (2) and the second prism mirror (12) at the second position (II) is transmitted using the communication terminal (3). It is comprised from the 4th communication process of the worker who transmits to a total (2). The improperness referred to here is one of gauge improperness, improper level, improper passage, improper elevation, or any one or two or more improperness selected from them. The worker may be a plurality of workers different from each other. In the measurement method described above, the measurement start signal is created by an operator. It is possible to automatically generate the above described start signal by the communication terminal in response to the stop signal of the carriage.

  The worker moves along the railway track, installs the gauge (1) at an appropriate interval, and causes the lightwave distance meter to perform automatic measurement. Workers can complete all measurements in the system simply by installing gauges. A first adjustment step for an operator to rotate the first prism mirror (11) to adjust the angle at which the reflection surface of the first prism mirror (11) faces the light wave distance meter (2); 12) is added to the second adjustment step for adjusting the angle at which the reflection surface of the second prism mirror is rotated with respect to the optical distance meter (2), thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the optical distance meter. It is preferable that the orientation does not require high accuracy, and the work can be simplified. In this case, the effective reflection point (P, Q, or 39-1) of the rotating first prism mirror (11) and the rotating second prism mirror (12) has a geometric structure that is held in a position unchanged. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the calculation speed.

The trajectory measurement system and the trajectory measurement method according to the present invention can perform multi-item measurement in a single measurement operation. The measurement work is simple. In particular, it is possible for a single worker to measure a plurality of positions. There is a supplementary effect that makes it unnecessary to perform a known work of measuring a separation distance between the water yarn and the rail by tensioning a yarn (water yarn) whose both ends are fixed at two points on the side surface of one rail. Such a yarn tensioning operation is made unnecessary by the present invention. However, it is not denied that the present invention supplements the present invention and uses a known operation as an auxiliary.

  The realization of the trajectory measurement method according to the present invention will be specifically described in accordance with the best mode corresponding to the drawings. In order to realize the trajectory measurement method, as shown in FIG. 1, a gauge 1 with a prism, an optical distance measuring instrument 2, and a communication terminal 3 according to the present invention are used. A known total station is used as the optical rangefinder 2. As the optical rangefinder 2, a lightwave distance meter provided in the total station is used. Since the principle of the phase difference measurement of the optical distance meter is not the gist of the present invention but is a known technique, the description thereof is omitted. The optical distance measuring instrument 2 includes a distance measuring antenna 4 for transmission and reception. The communication terminal 3 includes a terminal-side antenna 5 for transmission / reception. The gauge 1 is sandwiched between the rails 6 and 7 on both sides of the track, or placed on the rail with the gauge 1 interposed therebetween. The left end portion of the gauge 1 is placed on the left rail 6, and the right end portion of the gauge 1 is placed on the right rail 7.

  FIG. 2 shows the details of the gauge 1. The gauge 1 includes a first gauge body 8, a second gauge body 9, a left prism 11, and a right prism 12 that extend in one direction. The second gauge body 9 slides on a plurality of guide surfaces 13 formed on the first gauge body 8 and moves forward and backward in one direction defined with respect to the first gauge body 8. Positioned at a position corresponding to the distance between the rails by being fixed to the one-gauge body 8 or regulated so as to contact the side surfaces of the left and right rails 6 and 7 with a repulsive biasing tool 10 described later interposed therebetween. Is done. A left-side positioning reference 14 is formed on the lower side of the first gauge body 8 near the left end (lower side in the vertical direction during use). The left positioning reference 14 includes a left vertical inscribed surface that is inscribed from the inside to a guide convex surface that guides the left wheel of the left rail 6 (the side surface of the wheel rolling portion orthogonal to the top surface of the wheel rolling portion of the wheel). 15 is formed. The upper surface of the portion near the left end of the first gauge body 8 is formed lower than the upper surface of the portion near the center of the first gauge body 8 and is formed as the left reference horizontal plane 16.

  It is preferable that a repulsive biasing tool 10 having a repulsive biasing force is interposed between the first gauge main body 8 and the second gauge main body 9. A compression coil spring is appropriate as the repulsion biasing tool 10. Such a compression coil spring is interposed between two opposing surfaces formed by the end surface orthogonal end surface of the first gauge body 8 and the end surface orthogonal end surface of the second gauge body 9. Between the first gauge body 8 and the second gauge body 9 that are separated from each other in the relatively extending direction, a stopper (not shown) that defines the maximum value of the relative extension of the first gauge body 8 and the second gauge body 9 is illustrated. Is formed.

  A left prism holder 17 that is positioned with respect to the left reference horizontal surface 16 in the height direction is fixed to the upper surface of the first gauge body 8 near the left end. The left prism holder 17 includes a left bottom surface forming portion 18 that is in close contact with the left reference horizontal surface 16 and left side surface forming portions 19 on both sides. The two left side surface forming portions 19 on both sides are formed integrally with the left bottom surface forming portion 18 side by side in the direction between the rails. The direction between the rails coincides with the direction orthogonal to the track direction within a proper allowable error range in a normal track. The left prism 11 is held by the left holding ring 21. The left holding ring 21 is fixed by screws 22 between the opposing surfaces of the left side surface forming portion 19. The left bottom surface forming portion 18 of the left prism holder 17 is fixed to the first gauge body 8 by a screw 23. The screw 22 has a screw axis that faces in the direction between the rails. By adjusting the tightening strength of the screw 22, the angle of the mirror surface of the left prism 11 with respect to the vertical plane perpendicular to the trajectory can be adjusted. The screw 23 has a screw axis that faces in the track direction. By adjusting the tightening strength of the screw 23, the angle of the mirror surface of the left prism 11 with respect to the vertical plane parallel to the track can be adjusted. The left prism 11 is supported by the first gauge body 8 so as to be biaxially rotatable.

  Similarly, a right positioning reference 24 is formed under the right end portion of the second gauge body 9. The right positioning reference 24 is formed with a right vertical inscribed surface 25 inscribed in a guide convex surface for guiding the right wheel of the right rail 7. The upper surface of the portion near the right end of the second gauge body 9 is formed lower than the upper surface of the portion near the center of the first gauge body 8 and is formed as a right reference horizontal plane 26. The above-described stopper defines the maximum separation distance between the left vertical inscribed surface 15 and the right vertical inscribed surface 25.

  A right prism holder 27 that is positioned with respect to the right reference horizontal plane 26 in the height direction is fixed to the upper surface of the second gauge body 9 near the right end. The right prism holder 27 includes a right bottom surface forming portion 28 that is in close contact with the right reference horizontal surface 26 and right side surface forming portions 29 on both sides. The two right side surface forming portions 29 on both sides are formed integrally with the right bottom surface forming portion 28 so as to be aligned in the direction between the rails. The right prism 12 is held by the right holding ring 31. The right holding ring 31 is fixed by screws 32 between the opposing surfaces of the right side surface forming portion 29. The right bottom surface forming portion 28 of the right prism holder 27 is fixed to the second gauge body 9 by a screw 33. The screw 32 has a screw axis that faces in the direction between the rails. By adjusting the tightening strength of the screw 32, the angle of the mirror surface of the right prism 12 with respect to the vertical plane perpendicular to the orbit can be adjusted. The screw 33 has a screw axis that faces in the track direction. By adjusting the tightening strength of the screw 33, the angle of the mirror surface of the right prism 12 with respect to the orbit parallel vertical plane can be adjusted. The right prism 12 is supported by the second gauge body 9 so as to be rotatable about two axes.

  The left reference horizontal plane 16 and the right reference horizontal plane 26 form the same reference plane 34. The screw axis of the screw 23 is included in the left vertical inscribed surface 15. The screw axis of the screw 33 is included in the right vertical inscribed surface 25. The screw axis of the screw 22 coincides with the screw axis of the screw 32, and the screw 22 and the screw 32 can have a common axis 35. The common axis 35 is orthogonal to the left vertical inscribed surface 15 and the right vertical inscribed surface 25. The common axis 35 passes through the left center point P of the left prism 11 and the right center point Q of the right prism 12. The left center point P defines the left three-dimensional position of the left prism 11. The right center point Q defines the right three-dimensional position of the right prism 12. At arbitrary rotational positions of the biaxial rotation of the prism mirrors on both sides, the positions of the points P and Q are held unchanged, and the points P and Q are respectively placed on the left vertical inscribed surface 15 and the right vertical inscribed surface 25. Exists.

  The left positioning reference 14 and the right positioning reference 24 are positioned between the opposing surfaces of the left rail 6 and the right rail 7 and moved in a direction in which the first gauge body 8 and the second gauge body 9 are relatively moved away from each other, The left vertical inscribed surface 15 of the left positioning reference 14 is inscribed in the wheel guide surface (or wheel guide line) of the left rail 6, and the right vertical inscribed surface 25 of the right positioning reference 24 is in the wheel guide surface of the right rail 7 ( Or inscribed in the wheel guide line). In such an inscribed state, the straight line connecting the points P and Q is orthogonal to the orbit direction with sufficiently good accuracy in the normal orbit. The distance between rails (distance between rails) corresponds to the distance between point P and point Q. The accuracy of the correspondence is sufficiently smaller than 2 mm which is a position accuracy described later. In addition, instead of the left prism 11 and the right prism 12 described above, a reflection sheet for laser reflection may be used.

  The monitoring worker places the rod-shaped gauge 1 between the rails on both sides at an arbitrary position in the inspection target area. The monitoring worker has the first gauge body 8 with a long main body length with the left hand, positions the left positioning reference 14 of the first gauge body 8 inside the left rail, and the second gauge body with the shorter main body length with the right hand. 9, the right positioning reference 24 of the second gauge body 9 is positioned inside the right rail, and both hands are separated from the first gauge body 8 and the second gauge body 9. The first gauge body 8 and the second gauge body 9 extend relatively away from each other, the left positioning reference 14 is inscribed in the left rail 6, and the right positioning reference 24 is inscribed in the right rail 7. The left vertical inscribed surface 15 and the right vertical inscribed surface 25 are formed as geometrically defined surfaces, in particular, parallel surfaces that are parallel to a local straight line that is parallel to the trajectory direction of the rails 6 and 7 on both sides. If the rails on both sides are normal, the left vertical inscribed surface 15 and the right vertical inscribed surface 25 are inscribed in the left rail 6 and the right rail 7, respectively, perpendicular to the track direction. If the rails on both sides are relatively abnormal, the left vertical inscribed surface 15 and the right vertical inscribed surface 25 are inscribed in the left rail 6 and the right rail 7, respectively, without being orthogonal to the track direction. Although the parallelism between the surface 15 and the right vertical inscribed surface 25 is lost, if the rails on both sides are relatively normal, the left vertical inscribed surface 15 and the right vertical inscribed surface 25 are sufficient in the track direction. In parallel with each other, the left rail 6 and the right rail 7 are inscribed in substantially orthogonal directions so as to maintain parallelism.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the tripod supporting the optical rangefinder 2 is stably fixed to the inner region of the track or in the vicinity of the track and to the outer region of the track. The mass of the optical rangefinder 2 and the tripod stabilizes the support relationship between the tripod and the ground. The monitoring worker initially matches the center point of the left prism 11 of the gauge 1 with the cross line intersection seen through the eyepiece of the telescope of the optical rangefinder 2. When the optical distance measuring instrument 2 has such an operation automation function, the optical axis alignment of the monitoring worker may be unnecessary. As shown in FIG. 1, the optical range finder 2 projects a laser beam 36 that covers the entire monitoring target region including the positions I to V. Using the communication terminal 3 in the vicinity of the trajectory in which the gauge 1 is set, the optical axis of the optical distance measuring instrument 2 can be remotely directed toward the gauge 1 as shown in FIG. . In general, when the optical axis is directed to the gauge 1, the optical rangefinder 2 performs optical axis alignment quickly and automatically with high accuracy. The optical rangefinder 2 has an automatic tracking function for automatically tracking the left prism 11 after such optical axis alignment is executed. If the gauge 1 moves sequentially from the position I shown in FIG. 1 to the position II, the position III, the position IV, and the position V, the optical distance measuring instrument 2 automatically tracks the left prism 11 that moves in such a manner. The center point P of the left prism 11 is normally coincident with the collimation point (example: cross intersection) of the optical distance measuring instrument 2. Such a total station for automatic tracking is provided by a plurality of optical equipment manufacturers. As the optical distance measuring instrument 2, a model that does not require collimation point alignment is known.

  FIG. 3 shows a distance-measurable state in which the left prism 11 and the right prism 12 are arranged as shown in FIG. 1 in the reaching three-dimensional region of the laser beam 36 shown in FIG. As the left prism 11, a first type mirror in which a number of fine reflecting mirrors are distributed in a distributed manner as a whole, or a second type in which a pinhole exists at the point P and reflects incident light passing through the pinhole. A seed mirror is preferably exemplified. When the first-type mirror is used, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the approximate center (in the vicinity of the point P) of the effective reflecting surface of the left prism 11 is obtained by image processing on the optical rangefinder 2 side. It is done. When the first type mirror is used, as shown in FIG. 4, it is projected from the laser light projector 37 on the optical rangefinder 2 side and arranged at multiple points (example: 5 points) of the left prism 11. The reflected light reflected by the reflecting prism enters the photoelectric signal conversion elements 39-1 to 39-5 formed on the photoelectric signal conversion surface 38 of the optical rangefinder 2. The photoelectric signal conversion elements 39-1 to 3-5 detect the incident time (reception time) from the received light signal. The laser light projector 37 detects the emission time (transmitting time) of the laser beam. However, various optical wave rangefinders can be used as the optical rangefinder 2, and generally the distance is measured by a phase difference signal between a light transmission signal and a light reception signal.

  The optical distance measuring instrument 2 does not have an automatic collimation point alignment function, but has a multipoint light receiving function for receiving multipoint reflected light at multiple points of the left prism 11 by the photoelectric signal conversion surface 38. In this case, the approximate center of the plurality of points 39-1 to 3-5 is obtained, and the average of the plurality of times arriving at each point is calculated. In the optical distance measuring instrument 2 having the automatic collimation point alignment function, the reflected light reflected by the single point P arranged on the left prism 11 is received by the single point 39-1 of the photoelectric signal conversion surface 38. .

  As the left prism 11, in the following description, as shown in FIG. 3, a prism having one reflection point (point P) is used. As the prism, a reflecting mirror having optical properties that reflects the incident light parallel to the incident direction of the incident light is used. The optical distance measuring instrument 2 detects a distance measurement enabled state and outputs a distance measurement enable signal 41 from the distance measuring instrument side antenna 4 to the terminal side antenna 5 of the communication terminal 3. The distance-measurable state is exemplarily defined as a state in which the optical distance finder 2 automatically detects that the point P matches the light receiving collimation point of the optical distance finder 2. The communication terminal 3 that receives the distance-measurable signal 41 displays a distance-measurable display character on the display screen 42 of the communication terminal 3 or outputs a distance-measurable display sound from the speaker 43.

  The monitoring worker in the vicinity of the gauge 1 presses the distance measurement execution button 44 for the first time. The optical distance measuring instrument 2 receives the reflected light output from the laser light projector 37 and incident on the point P of the left prism 11 and reflected at the point P. The optical range finder 2 has an angle detection function for detecting the relative three-dimensional angle θ of the optical axis at the time of reception, and a first calculation function for calculating the relative light wave utilization measurement distance R at that time. The optical distance measuring instrument 2 calculates the left relative three-dimensional position (x1, y1, z1) of the left center point P determined in correspondence with the three-dimensional angle and the light wave utilization measurement distance R in substantially real time. It also has a function. When the detection of the relative three-dimensional angle corresponding to the point P and the detection of the reflected light corresponding to the point P are completed, the optical distance measuring instrument 2 transmits a first completion signal 45 to the communication terminal 3. . The monitoring worker who confirms reception of the first completion signal 45 presses the distance measurement execution button 44 for the second time. The optical range finder 2 that receives the push signal transmitted from the communication terminal 3 is collimated to the point Q of the right prism 12 and the right relative three-dimensional position (x2, y2, z2) of the point Q Calculate The distance measurement start signal for the first distance measurement of the optical distance measuring instrument 2 and the distance measurement start signal for the second distance measurement of the optical distance measurement instrument 2 are obtained by the one distance measurement execution button 44. It can be generated by pushing.

  The optical distance measuring instrument 2 determines the distance between the point P and the point Q from the left relative three-dimensional position (x1, y1, z1) and the right relative three-dimensional position (x2, y2, z2) in substantially real time. A third calculation function for calculating is provided. The distance corresponds to the gauge defined above. In the geometric structure shown in FIG. 2, the distance between the point P and the point Q corresponds to the distance between the left vertical inscribed surface 15 and the right vertical inscribed surface 25 (= gauge), and the point P And calculating the gauge corresponding to the distance between and Q can be omitted.

  The gauge calculation completion signal 45 is transmitted from the optical distance measuring instrument 2 to the communication terminal 3, and the gauge measurement completion is displayed on the display screen 42 or the speaker 43. The monitoring worker who receives the display pushes the test mark creation button 46. By pressing the test mark creation button 46, the gauge corresponding to the position I and the position I is tabulated and recorded in a memory (not shown) of the communication terminal 3. The optical distance measuring instrument 2 or the communication terminal 3 can know the absolute three-dimensional position (X, Y, Z) of the position I by using GPS. The three-dimensional position of the position I is associated with the gauge of the position I and recorded in a table in its memory. The monitoring worker sequentially moves the gauge 1 at the position I in FIG. 1 and measures the gauge at the position V using the same gauge 1 at the position V.

  The only data required for the gauge calculation is the left relative three-dimensional position (x1, y1, z1) of the point P and the right relative three-dimensional position (x2, y2, z2) of the point Q. The absolute position (X, Y, Z) of the distance measuring instrument 2 or the communication terminal 3 is not necessary. The absolute position (X, Y, Z) of the communication terminal 3 is necessary to know the maintenance position after measurement.

  5 (a) and 5 (b) show the industry standard definition of the gauge. 5A shows a normal trajectory, and FIG. 5B shows an abnormal trajectory. Gauges a1, a2, and a3 at three positions I, II, and III having different normal orbits coincide with the standard gauge a, and a1 = a2 = a3 = a. The coincidence is defined within 2 mm. In the abnormal trajectory, the measurement gauge a1 ′ at position I coincides with the standard gauge a (shifted to the left as a whole), the measurement gauge a2 ′ at position II is smaller than the standard gauge a (a2 ′ <a), and the position III The measurement gauge a3 ′ is larger than the standard gauge a (a3 ′> a). At position I, the ground is displaced as a whole, at position II the rail is contracted due to a temperature drop, and at position III the rail is extended due to a temperature rise. Although an overall position error of position I cannot be observed, it is detected as a bending of the rail (path error) as will be described later.

  FIGS. 6A and 6B show the industry standard definition of the level. The left rail 6 is used as a standard for the level. 6A shows a normal trajectory, and FIG. 6B shows an abnormal trajectory. The level displacement at five positions I, II, III, IV and V with different normal trajectories is zero. In the abnormal trajectory, the position I has a displacement in the vertical direction as a whole, but the level displacement (level deviation) is zero. At position II, the displacement is +, at position III, the displacement is +, at position IV, the displacement is-, and at position V, the displacement is zero. Although the displacement of the position I is not observed, it is detected by the height inspection described later.

  FIGS. 7A and 7B show the same industry standard definitions. A street is defined for the left rail 6. FIG. 7A shows a normal trajectory, and FIG. 7B shows an abnormal trajectory. Displacement is zero at four positions I, II, III, and IV with different normal trajectories. In the abnormal trajectory, the displacement of the prism at the position I (the center point P thereof) is shifted to the left with respect to the straight line connecting the prism at the position II and the prism at the position III. The displacement at the position II is shifted to the right with respect to the straight line connecting the prism at the position I and the prism at the position III. The displacement of the prism at position III is shifted to the left with respect to the straight line connecting the prism at position I and the prism at position II, and the displacement is represented by +.

  8A and 8B show high and low industry standard definitions. A height is defined for the left rail 6. FIG. 8A shows a normal trajectory, and FIG. 8B shows an abnormal trajectory. In the abnormal trajectory, the prism at position II is displaced upward with respect to the straight line connecting the prism at position I and the prism at position III, and the height displacement is represented by +. The prism at position III is displaced downward with respect to the straight line connecting the prism at position II and the prism at position IV, and the height displacement is represented by-. The prism at position IV is displaced upward with respect to the straight line connecting the prism at position III and the prism at position V, and the height displacement is represented by +.

  The unmeasurable displacement at position I in FIG. 5 can be known by measuring the displacement as shown in FIG. The unmeasurable displacement at position I in FIG. 6 can be known from the measurement of the height displacement in FIG. Thus, four types of displacement can be known. Four kinds of such displacement inspections can be performed by using the gauge 1 which is one kind of tool for the relative position coordinates (vector) of the prisms on both sides.

  The single detection of the relative position vectors of the two left prisms 11 and the right prism 12 enables calculation of the gauge, and the single detection of each of the multiple points of the relative position vector is performed by level, street and high / low. It is possible to calculate.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of a gauge for trajectory measurement according to the present invention. In this embodiment, a movable body 47, a gauge 1 and a coupling girder 48 for coupling the movable body 47 are added. The mobile body 47 is provided with a left wheel 49 and a right wheel 51. The left wheel 49 is inscribed in or close to the inside of the left rail 6, and the right wheel 51 is inscribed in or close to the inside of the left rail 6. The center point P of the left prism 11 exists on the left vertical inscribed surface 15 of the left positioning reference 14 corresponding to the inner surface of the left rail 6, and the center point Q of the right prism 12 is the inner surface of the first gauge body 8. It is preferable to exist on the right vertical inscribed surface 25 of the right positioning reference 24 corresponding to.

  The unit composed of the gauge 1 and the movable body 47 forms a handcart that is guided by the tracks 6 and 7 and moves in a hand-held manner. As shown in FIG. 1, both the main bodies 8 and 9 of the gauge 1 slide on the upper surfaces of the rails on both sides. It is possible to attach the gauge 1 to a four-wheel carriage that can be replaced by the mobile main body 47. In this case, either the first gauge body 8 or the second gauge body 9 is fixed to the cart body corresponding to the movable body 47. The movable body 47 can be fixed to the left rail 6 or the right rail 7 at any position. When the movable body 47 moves at a sufficiently low speed, the relative position vector between the optical distance measuring probe 2 and the left prism 11 and the distance between the optical distance measuring instrument 2 and the right prism 12 are Relative position vectors can be measured at approximately continuous time series points with sufficiently good practical accuracy. The measurement data is recorded in the optical distance measuring instrument 2 or the communication terminal 3, and the relative position vector between the left prism 11 and the right prism 12 is calculated in real time or is calculated later. The gauge 1 is preferably detachably mounted on the movable main body 47.

  The general direction between the prisms 11 and 12 and the optical rangefinder 2 is known by the monitoring operator. The monitoring worker manually adjusts the reflective surfaces (surfaces orthogonal to the reflected light) of the left prism 11 and the right prism 12 in the direction orthogonal to the general direction using the screws 22, 23, 32, and 33. It is preferable to secure the light quantity and prevent the measurement accuracy from deteriorating.

The gauge 1 is used singly or plurally. In the case where a plurality of monitoring workers are in charge of area division measurement using one gauge 1 for each, in communication between the plurality of communication terminals 3 and the commonly used optical distance measuring instrument 2, A dedicated protocol using an address number unique to the communication terminal 3 is used. The position vector between the left side mirror 11 and the optical rangefinder 2 is represented by A, and the position vector between the right side mirror 12 and the optical rangefinder 2 is represented by B. Then, the gauge vector between the left prism 11 and the right prism 12 is represented by Z, and the calculator of the optical distance measuring instrument 2 calculates the following equation.
Z = BA
The calculator of the optical rangefinder 2 calculates the absolute value of (B−A). Such vectors and absolute values are recorded by the communication terminal 3 or the optical distance measuring instrument 2. The vectors A and B can be transmitted from the optical rangefinder 2 to a calculation calculation center (not shown). The absolute value of (B−A) is preferably calculated by the calculation center or the optical rangefinder 2 and transmitted to the communication terminal 3 in real time. If the absolute value of the optical distance measuring instrument 2 is inappropriate, the optical distance measuring instrument 2 transmits an inappropriate signal 52 to the communication terminal 3, and the communication terminal 3 displays a warning corresponding to the inappropriate signal to the monitoring worker. The communication terminal 3 that receives the absolute value of (B-A) from the optical distance measuring instrument 2 determines the inappropriateness of the value and notifies the monitoring worker of the inappropriateness. The monitoring worker who receives the improper display transmits a re-measurement signal for prompting the optical distance measuring device 2 to perform re-measurement at the position corresponding to the inappropriateness, and the optical distance measuring device 2 Again measure the gauge vector at the same position.

  Thus, by measuring and calculating the vector positions A and B of the prism mirrors on both sides of the gauge 1, the three-dimensional vector Z between the mirrors can be obtained by calculation. A second type tool such as a water string is not necessary.

FIG. 1 is an oblique projection showing an embodiment of a trajectory measurement system according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view showing an embodiment of the orbit measurement gauge according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is an oblique axis projection view showing an embodiment of the measurement method according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is an oblique projection showing distance calculation and light receiving format. 5A and 5B are plan views showing the definition of the gauge. FIGS. 6A and 6B are plan views showing the definition of levels. FIGS. 7A and 7B are plan views showing the definitions of the streets. FIGS. 8A and 8B are plan views showing the definition of height. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the orbit measurement gauge according to the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Gauge 2 ... Station 3 ... Communication terminal 6 ... Left rail 7 ... Right rail 8 ... 1st gauge main body 9 ... 2nd gauge main body 10 ... Energizing tool 11 ... 1st prism mirror 12 ... 2nd prism mirror 14 ... Left side Positioning part 15 ... Left inscribed surface 24 ... Right positioning part 25 ... Right inscribed surface 37 ... Laser light projector 38 ... Photoelectric signal conversion surface 39-1 ... Reference point 47 ... Moving body 48 ... Coupling girder 52 ... Non Proper signal P ... Effective reflection point Q ... Effective reflection point

Claims (12)

Gauge,
Station,
A mobile communication terminal configured to communicate bidirectionally with the station;
The gauge is
The gauge body,
A first prism mirror disposed at a first position of the gauge;
Forming a second prism mirror disposed at a second position of the gauge;
The first position and the second position correspond to a three-dimensional relative position vector between the rails between the left rail and the right rail,
The station
A light emitter that emits light waves;
Forming a light receiver that receives reflected light reflected by the first prism mirror and the second prism mirror;
The station
A first relative position vector between the first prism mirror and a reference point set in the station is measured corresponding to the reflected light reflected by the first prism mirror, and reflected by the second prism mirror. A trajectory measurement system having a measurement function for measuring a second relative position vector between the second prism mirror and the reference point corresponding to reflected light. In the orbit measurement system according to claim 1 ,
The communication terminal is
A first communication function for transmitting a first start signal for starting measurement of the first relative position vector to the station;
A trajectory measurement system comprising: a second communication function for transmitting a second start signal for starting measurement of the second relative position vector to the station. In the orbit measurement system according to claim 1 ,
The station is obtained corresponding to the first relative position vector and the second relative position vector, and the inter-rail position vector corresponding to the distance between the first prism mirror and the second prism mirror is not present. A trajectory measurement system having a communication function of transmitting an improper signal that is appropriate to the communication terminal. In the orbit measurement system according to claim 3 ,
The communication terminal has a display function for displaying a warning corresponding to the inappropriate signal. In the orbit measurement system according to claim 1 ,
The station is obtained corresponding to the first relative position vector and the second relative position vector, and the inter-rail position vector corresponding to the distance between the first prism mirror and the second prism mirror is not present. Having a communication function of transmitting an inappropriate signal that is appropriate to the communication terminal;
The communication terminal is
A first communication function for transmitting a first start signal for starting measurement of the first relative position vector to the station;
A second communication function for transmitting a second start signal for starting measurement of the second relative position vector to the station;
A trajectory measurement system comprising: a third communication function that transmits the first start signal and the second start signal to the station again in response to the inappropriate signal. The trajectory measurement system according to claim 5 ,
The station further includes a calculation function for calculating the inter-rail position vector corresponding to the first relative position vector and the second relative position vector. The orbit measurement system according to claim 6 ,
The station has a recording function for recording the first relative position vector and the second relative position vector. The orbit measurement system according to claim 6 ,
The station has a recording function of recording the position vector between the rails. A first gauge body;
A second gauge body that moves forward and backward in a specified direction with respect to the first gauge body;
A first prism mirror fixed to the first gauge body and reflecting reflected light parallel to incident light;
A second prism mirror fixed to the second gauge body and reflecting the reflected light parallel to the incident light;
The first gauge body has a left-side positioning portion positioned with respect to the left-side rail;
The second gauge body is a trajectory measurement method for collecting trajectory data using a trajectory measurement gauge having a right positioning portion that is positioned with respect to the right rail,
A distance meter installation process of a worker who installs a light wave distance meter in the vicinity of the left rail,
A terminal installation process for workers who install communication terminals in the vicinity area;
A first gauge installation step of an operator who positions and contacts the trajectory measurement gauge at a first position of the trajectory defined by the left rail and the right rail; and
Work of transmitting a first measurement start signal for starting measurement of a first relative position vector between the light wave distance meter and the first prism mirror at the first position to the light wave distance meter using the communication terminal. The first communication process of employees,
Work to transmit a second measurement start signal for starting measurement of a second relative position vector between the light wave distance meter and the second prism mirror at the first position to the light wave distance meter using the communication terminal The second communication process of the employee,
A second gauge installation step for an operator to move and install the orbit measurement gauge to a second position of the orbit;
Work to transmit a third measurement start signal for starting measurement of a third relative position vector between the light wave distance meter and the first prism mirror at the second position to the light wave distance meter using the communication terminal The third communication process of the employee,
Work to transmit a fourth measurement start signal for starting measurement of a fourth relative position vector between the light wave distance meter and the second prism mirror at the second position to the light wave distance meter using the communication terminal Orbit measurement method that constitutes the fourth communication step. The trajectory measurement method according to claim 9 ,
A first adjustment step for an operator to rotate the first prism mirror to adjust an angle at which a reflection surface of the first prism mirror faces the lightwave distance meter;
A trajectory measurement method comprising: a second adjustment step of an operator that rotates the second prism mirror to adjust an angle at which a reflection surface of the second prism mirror faces the lightwave distance meter. The trajectory measurement method according to claim 10 ,
The effective reflection point of the rotating first prism mirror and the rotating second prism mirror is held in a position-invariant manner. A first gauge body;
A second gauge body that moves forward and backward in a specified direction with respect to the first gauge body;
A first prism mirror fixed to the first gauge body and reflecting reflected light parallel to incident light;
A second prism mirror fixed to the second gauge body and reflecting the reflected light parallel to the incident light;
The first gauge body has a left-side positioning portion positioned with respect to the left-side rail;
The second gauge body is a trajectory measurement method for collecting trajectory data using a trajectory measurement gauge having a right positioning portion that is positioned with respect to the right rail,
A distance meter installation process of a worker who installs a light wave distance meter in the vicinity of the left rail,
A terminal installation process for workers who install communication terminals in the vicinity area;
A first gauge installation step of an operator who positions and contacts the trajectory measurement gauge at a first position of the trajectory defined by the left rail and the right rail; and
Communication for transmitting a first measurement start signal for starting measurement of a first relative position vector between the light wave distance meter and the first prism mirror at the first position to the light wave distance meter using the communication terminal. A first communication step of the terminal;
Communication for transmitting a second measurement start signal for starting measurement of a second relative position vector between the light wave distance meter and the second prism mirror at the first position to the light wave distance meter using the communication terminal. A second communication step of the terminal;
A second gauge installation step for an operator to move and install the orbit measurement gauge to a second position of the orbit;
Communication for transmitting a third measurement start signal for starting measurement of a third relative position vector between the light wave distance meter and the first prism mirror at the second position to the light wave distance meter using the communication terminal. A third communication step of the terminal;
Communication for transmitting a fourth measurement start signal for starting measurement of a fourth relative position vector between the light wave distance meter and the second prism mirror at the second position to the light wave distance meter using the communication terminal. The fourth communication step of the terminal,
The first communication step, the second communication step, the third communication step, and the fourth communication step are respectively automated.

Images