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JP4360069B2 - Method for growing silicon single crystal - Google Patents

Method for growing silicon single crystal Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4360069B2
JP4360069B2 JP2002228340A JP2002228340A JP4360069B2 JP 4360069 B2 JP4360069 B2 JP 4360069B2 JP 2002228340 A JP2002228340 A JP 2002228340A JP 2002228340 A JP2002228340 A JP 2002228340A JP 4360069 B2 JP4360069 B2 JP 4360069B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
single crystal
silicon single
crystal rod
inert gas
chamber
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JP2004067439A (en
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洋二 鈴木
久 降屋
秀延 阿部
和浩 原田
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Sumco Corp
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Sumco Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、引上げられるシリコン単結晶棒とその外周面を包囲する熱遮蔽部材との間に不活性ガスを流下させつつシリコン融液からシリコン単結晶棒を引上げるシリコン単結晶の育成方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、この種の装置として、図8に示すように、チャンバ1内にシリコン融液2が貯留された石英るつぼ3が収容され、シリコン単結晶棒5の外周面と石英るつぼ3の内周面との間にシリコン単結晶棒5を囲むように熱遮蔽部材6が挿入され、更に熱遮蔽部材6の上端が外方に略水平方向に張り出されたものが知られている。この装置では、熱遮蔽部材6は下方に向うに従って直径が小さくなる筒状に形成され、その下端はシリコン融液2表面近傍まで延びる。また熱遮蔽部材6の上端は保温筒9の上端に載置され、この熱遮蔽部材6によりヒータ8からシリコン単結晶棒5に照射される輻射熱が遮断される。更にチャンバ1に接続されたガス給排手段(図示せず)によりチャンバ1内に不活性ガスを供給すると、この不活性ガスは二点鎖線矢印で示すようにシリコン単結晶棒5の外周面に沿って流下し、熱遮蔽部材6下端及びシリコン融液2表面の隙間を通って石英るつぼ3外に排出されるようになっている。
【0003】
このように構成された装置を用いたシリコン単結晶の育成方法として、チョクラルスキー法(以下、CZ法という)により引上げる方法が知られている。このCZ法は、石英るつぼに貯留されたシリコン融液に種結晶を接触させ、石英るつぼ及び種結晶を回転させながら種結晶を引上げることにより、円柱状のシリコン単結晶棒を種結晶の下部に育成させる方法である。
【0004】
一方、このようなシリコン単結晶棒から得られるウエーハを使用した半導体集積回路を製造する工程における歩留りを低下させる原因として、ウェーハに起因した欠陥がある。この欠陥には、酸化誘起積層欠陥(Oxidation Induced Stacking Fault、以下、OSFという。)の核となる酸素析出物の微小欠陥や、結晶に起因したパーティクル(Crystal Originated Particle、以下、COPという。)や、或いは侵入型転位(Interstitial-type Large Dislocation、以下、L/Dという。)が挙げられている。OSFは、結晶成長時にその核となる微小欠陥が導入され、半導体デバイスを製造する際の熱酸化工程等で顕在化し、作製したデバイスのリーク電流の増加等の不良原因になる。またCOPは、鏡面研磨後のシリコンウェーハをアンモニアと過酸化水素の混合液で洗浄したときにウェーハ表面に出現する結晶に起因したピットである。このウェーハをパーティクルカウンタで測定すると、このピットも本来のパーティクルとともに光散乱欠陥として検出される。
【0005】
このCOPは電気的特性、例えば酸化膜の経時絶縁破壊特性(Time Dependent dielectric Breakdown、TDDB)、酸化膜耐圧特性(Time Zero Dielectric Breakdown、TZDB)等を劣化させる原因となる。またCOPがウェーハ表面に存在するとデバイスの配線工程において段差を生じ、断線の原因となり得る。そして素子分離部分においてもリーク等の原因となり、製品の歩留りを低くする。更にL/Dは、転位クラスタとも呼ばれたり、或いはこの欠陥を生じたシリコンウェーハをフッ酸を主成分とする選択エッチング液に浸漬するとピットを生じることから転位ピットとも呼ばれる。このL/Dも、電気的特性、例えばリーク特性、アイソレーション特性等を劣化させる原因となる。この結果、半導体集積回路を製造するために用いられるシリコンウェーハからOSF、COP及びL/Dを減少させることが必要となっている。
【0006】
このOSF、COP及びL/Dを有しない無欠陥のシリコンウェーハを切出すため、ボロンコフの理論を用いたシリコン単結晶棒の製造方法が米国特許番号6,045,610号に対応する特開平11−1393号公報に開示されている。ボロンコフの理論は、欠陥の数が少ない高純度単結晶棒を成長させるために、単結晶棒の引上げ速度をV(mm/分)、単結晶棒とシリコン融液の界面近傍の単結晶棒中の温度勾配をG(℃/mm)とするときに、V/G(mm2/分・℃)を制御することである。この理論では、図6に示すように、V/Gを横軸にとり、空孔型点欠陥濃度と格子間シリコン型点欠陥濃度を同一の縦軸にとって、V/Gと点欠陥濃度との関係を図式的に表現し、空孔領域と格子間シリコン領域の境界がV/Gによって決定されることを説明している。より詳しくは、V/G比が臨界点以上では空孔型点欠陥濃度が優勢な単結晶棒が形成される反面、V/G比が臨界点以下では格子間シリコン型点欠陥濃度が優勢な単結晶棒が形成される。図6において、[I]は格子間シリコン型点欠陥が支配的であって、格子間シリコン型点欠陥の凝集体が存在する領域((V/G)1以下)を示し、[V]は単結晶棒内での空孔型点欠陥が支配的であって、空孔型点欠陥の凝集体が存在する領域((V/G)2以上)を示し、[P]は空孔型点欠陥の凝集体及び格子間シリコン型点欠陥の凝集体が存在しないパーフェクト領域((V/G)1〜(V/G)2)を示す。領域[P]に隣接する領域[V]には、この部分からなるウエーハを熱酸化処理した際にリング状のOSFを形成する領域((V/G)2〜(V/G)3)が存在する。
【0007】
即ち、ボロンコフの理論では、シリコン単結晶の単結晶棒を速い速度で引上げると、単結晶棒内部に空孔型点欠陥の凝集体が支配的に存在する領域[V]が形成され、単結晶棒を遅い速度で引上げると、単結晶棒内部に格子間シリコン型点欠陥の凝集体が支配的に存在する領域[I]が形成される。このため上記製造方法では、単結晶棒を最適な引上げ速度で引上げることにより、上記点欠陥の凝集体が存在しないパーフェクト領域[P]からなるシリコン単結晶を製造できるようになっている。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、マグネット印加のないCZ法において、パーフェクト領域[P]からなるシリコン単結晶棒を引上げる速度を更に上昇させてその生産性を向上させるには限界があった。また、シリコン融液から引上げられるシリコン単結晶棒よりも上方に位置する部材から不純物が発生する場合があり、この不純物が不活性ガスに混入してシリコン単結晶棒の外周面まで搬送され、この不純物によりシリコン単結晶棒が汚染されることを回避する必要もある。
本発明の目的は、無欠陥で高品質のシリコン単結晶棒の生産性を従来より向上し得るシリコン単結晶の育成方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に係る発明は、図1に示すように、チャンバ11の上部からチャンバ11の内部に不活性ガスを供給し、チャンバ11内に設けられた熱遮蔽部材36の内に不活性ガスを流下させつつ熱遮蔽部材36の中央に垂下され石英るつぼ13に貯留されたシリコン融液12に接触させた種結晶24を引上げて種結晶24の下部にシリコン単結晶棒25を育成させるシリコン単結晶の育成方法の改良である。
その特徴ある点は、熱遮蔽部材36は、下端がシリコン融液12表面から間隔をあけて上方に位置しかつシリコン単結晶棒25の外周面を包囲する筒部37と、筒部37の下部に筒内の方向に膨出して設けられた膨出部41とを備え、膨出部41は筒部37の下縁に接続されて水平に延びるリング状の底壁42と底壁42の内縁に連設された縦壁44と縦壁44の上縁に連設され上方に向うに従って直径が大きくなるように形成された上壁46とを有し、育成されるシリコン単結晶棒25の直径をDとするとき、縦壁44は高さHが10mm以上D/2以下であってシリコン単結晶棒25の軸心線に対して平行に又は−5度以上+30度以下の角度で傾斜して形成され、膨出部41とシリコン単結晶棒25との間を流下する下記式(1)で求められる不活性ガスの流速指標Sを2.4〜5.0m/sにして種結晶25を引上げることにより結晶に起因したパーティクル欠陥(COP)、侵入型転位欠陥(L/D)及び酸化誘起積層欠陥(OSF)を有しない無欠陥のシリコン単結晶を得る
ことを特徴とするシリコン単結晶の育成方法である。
S=(Po/E)×F/A ………(1)
ここで、Poはチャンバ11の外部における大気圧力(Pa)であり、Eはチャンバ11の内部圧力(Pa)であり、Fはチャンバ11に供給される室温状態の不活性ガスの圧力Poにおける流量(m3/s)であり、Aは膨出部41とシリコン単結晶棒25との間における断面積(m2)である。
【0010】
膨出部41とシリコン単結晶棒25との間を流下する不活性ガスの流速指標Sを2.4〜5.0m/sにすると、OSF発生領域とPv領域の境界における速度V2、即ち、Pv領域との境界における速度であって無欠陥領域の最大速度(以下、この速度をV2という。)が速いことが判った。従って、この請求項1に記載されたシリコン単結晶の育成方法では、不活性ガスによる結晶冷却効果、又は、融液冷却による対流を変化させる効果等により、結晶軸方向温度勾配Gが大きくなり、ボロンコフの理論により単結晶棒25の引上げ速度をV(mm/分)を従来より上昇させることができる。
【0011】
請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1に係る発明であって、膨出部41とシリコン単結晶棒25との間の隙間Wが10mm〜35mmであって、F/Eが0.017〜0.040リットル/min・Paであるシリコン単結晶の育成方法である。
この請求項2に記載されたシリコン単結晶の育成方法でも、結晶軸方向温度勾配Gが大きくなり、ボロンコフの理論により単結晶棒25の引上げ速度をV(mm/分)を従来より上昇させることができ、その生産性を従来より向上させることができる。隙間Wが10mm未満であると膨出部41がシリコン単結晶棒25に接触するおそれがあり、F/Eが0.017リットル/min・Pa未満であるとシリコン単結晶棒25が[P]領域になり難く、F/Eが0.040リットル/min・Paを超えるとシリコン単結晶棒25が有転位化するおそれがある。ここで、好ましい隙間Wは15mm〜25mmであって、好ましいF/Eは0.025〜0.035リットル/min・Paである。
【0012】
請求項3に係る発明は、請求項1又は2に係る発明であって、流量Fが70リットル/min以上であるシリコン単結晶の育成方法である。
この請求項3に記載されたシリコン単結晶の育成方法でも、結晶軸方向温度勾配Gが大きくなり、単結晶棒25の引上げ速度をV(mm/分)を従来より上昇させることができ、その生産性を従来より向上させることができる。流量Fが70リットル/min未満であるとシリコン単結晶棒25が[P]領域になり難い。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図1に本発明の方法に使用するシリコン単結晶の育成装置10を示す。このシリコン単結晶の育成装置10のチャンバ11内には、シリコン融液12を貯留する石英るつぼ13が設けられ、この石英るつぼ13の外面は黒鉛サセプタ14により被覆される。石英るつぼ13の下面は上記黒鉛サセプタ14を介して支軸16の上端に固定され、この支軸16の下部はるつぼ駆動手段17に接続される。るつぼ駆動手段17は図示しないが石英るつぼ13を回転させる第1回転用モータと、石英るつぼ13を昇降させる昇降用モータとを有し、これらのモータにより石英るつぼ13が所定の方向に回転し得るとともに、上下方向に移動可能となっている。石英るつぼ13の外周面は石英るつぼ13から所定の間隔をあけてヒータ18により包囲され、このヒータ18は保温筒19により包囲される。ヒータ18は石英るつぼ13に投入された高純度のシリコン多結晶体を加熱・融解してシリコン融液12にする。
【0014】
またチャンバ11の上端には円筒状のケーシング21が接続される。このケーシング21には引上げ手段22が設けられる。引上げ手段22はケーシング21の上端部に水平状態で旋回可能に設けられた引上げヘッド(図示せず)と、このヘッドを回転させる第2回転用モータ(図示せず)と、ヘッドから石英るつぼ13の回転中心に向って垂下されたワイヤケーブル23と、上記ヘッド内に設けられワイヤケーブル23を巻取り又は繰出す引上げ用モータ(図示せず)とを有する。ワイヤケーブル23の下端にはシリコン融液12に浸してシリコン単結晶棒25を引上げるための種結晶24が取付けられる。
更にチャンバ11にはこのチャンバ11のシリコン単結晶棒側に不活性ガスを供給しかつ上記不活性ガスをチャンバ11のるつぼ内周面側から排出するガス給排手段28が接続される。ガス給排手段28は一端がケーシング21の周壁に接続され他端が上記不活性ガスを貯留するタンク(図示せず)に接続された供給パイプ29と、一端がチャンバ11の下壁に接続され他端が真空ポンプ(図示せず)に接続された排出パイプ30とを有する。供給パイプ29及び排出パイプ30にはこれらのパイプ29,30を流れる不活性ガスの流量を調整する第1及び第2流量調整弁31,32がそれぞれ設けられる。
【0015】
一方、引上げ用モータの出力軸(図示せず)にはエンコーダ(図示せず)が設けられ、るつぼ駆動手段17には支軸16の昇降位置を検出するエンコーダ(図示せず)が設けられる。2つのエンコーダの各検出出力はコントローラ(図示せず)の制御入力に接続され、コントローラの制御出力は引上げ手段22の引上げ用モータ及びるつぼ駆動手段の昇降用モータにそれぞれ接続される。またコントローラにはメモリ(図示せず)が設けられ、このメモリにはエンコーダの検出出力に対するワイヤケーブル23の巻取り長さ、即ちシリコン単結晶棒25の引上げ長さが第1マップとして記憶される。また、メモリには、シリコン単結晶棒25の引上げ長さに対する石英るつぼ13内のシリコン融液12の液面レベルが第2マップとして記憶される。コントローラは、引上げ用モータにおけるエンコーダの検出出力に基づいて石英るつぼ13内のシリコン融液12の液面を常に一定のレベルに保つように、るつぼ駆動手段17の昇降用モータを制御するように構成される。
【0016】
シリコン単結晶棒25の外周面と石英るつぼ13の内周面との間にはシリコン単結晶棒25の外周面を包囲する熱遮蔽部材36が設けられる。この熱遮蔽部材36は円筒状に形成されヒータ18からの輻射熱を遮る筒部37と、この筒部37の上縁に連設され外方に略水平方向に張り出すフランジ部38とを有する。上記フランジ部38を保温筒19上に載置することにより、筒部37の下縁がシリコン融液12表面から所定の距離だけ上方に位置するように熱遮蔽部材36はチャンバ11内に固定される。熱遮蔽部材36は黒鉛により、或いは表面にSiCがコーティングされた黒鉛等により形成される。筒部37は同一直径の管状体であるか、又は下方に向うに従って直径が小さく形成された管状体に形成される。
【0017】
図2に示すように、この実施の形態における筒部37は同一直径の筒状体であり、筒部37の下部には筒内の方向に膨出する膨出部41が設けられる。この膨出部41の一例を説明すれば、この膨出部41は筒部37の下縁に接続され水平に延びてシリコン単結晶棒25の外周面近傍に達するリング状の底壁42と、底壁42の内縁に連設された縦壁44と、この縦壁44の上縁に連設され上方に向うに従って直径が大きくなるように形成された上壁46とにより構成される。筒部37及び底壁42は一体的に形成され、縦壁44と上壁46が一体的に生成される。ここで、この実施の形態における膨出部41は、引上げられるシリコン単結晶棒25の外周面と縦壁44との間隔Wが10mm以上35mm以下になるように形成される。
【0018】
引き上げるシリコン単結晶棒25の直径をDとするとき、縦壁44はその高さHが10mm以上D/2以下に形成され、シリコン単結晶棒25の軸心線に対して平行に又は−5度以上+30度以下の角度で傾斜して延びて形成される。−5度とは軸心線に対して5度の角度を持って上方に向うに従って直径が小さくなるように形成されることを表し、+30度とは軸心線に対して30度の角度を持って上方に向うに従って直径が大きくなるように形成されることを表すが、好ましくはシリコン単結晶棒25の軸心線に対して平行、即ち縦壁44は鉛直になるように形成されることが好ましい。なお、上述した間隔W及び高さHは引上げられるシリコン単結晶棒25の直径に応じて適宜決められる。上壁46は水平に形成されるか、或いは水平面に対して0度を超えて80度以下の角度で上方に向うに従って直径が大きくなるように形成され上縁が筒部37の内周面に当接するように構成される。なお、筒部37の下部と底壁42と縦壁44と上壁46とにより囲まれる膨出部41の内部にはカーボン繊維からなるフェルト材が断熱材47として充填される。
【0019】
このような構成の装置を用いた本発明の育成方法について説明する。
シリコン単結晶棒25を引上げるときには、図示しない引上げモーターを回転させてワイヤケーブル23を繰り出し、その下端に取付けられた種結晶24をシリコン融液12に浸す。その後徐々にその種結晶24を引上げてその下部に種絞り部を形成し、更に肩部を形成する。肩部が形成された後に、その下部に続いて直胴部を形成する。この直胴部の形成に際して、第1及び第2流量調整弁31,32を調整することによりチャンバ11の上部からチャンバ11の内部に不活性ガスを供給し、チャンバ11の外部における大気圧力をPo、チャンバ11の内部圧力をE、温度が25℃であってチャンバ11に供給される不活性ガスの圧力Poにおける流量をF、膨出部41とシリコン単結晶棒25との間における断面積をAとするとき、(Po/E)×F/A=Sにより求められる膨出部41とシリコン単結晶棒25における直胴部との間を流下する不活性ガスの流速指標Sを2.4〜5.0m/s、好ましくは3.5〜5.0m/sに調整する。なおこの不活性ガスは、膨出部41と直胴部との間を流下した後シリコン融液12表面と熱遮蔽部材36下端との間を通過して排出パイプ30から外部に排出されるものである。
【0020】
ここで、本発明の方法では、筒部37の下部に筒内の方向に膨出する膨出部41が形成されることを要件とするので、シリコン融液12からの放熱はその膨出部41に設けられた断熱材47により上方に逃げ難い。従って、液面近傍におけるシリコン単結晶棒25からの放熱も抑制される。この結果、シリコン単結晶棒25の外周部の急激な温度低下を阻止でき、シリコン単結晶棒25中の温度分布が中心から外周面に向って略均一になり、シリコン単結晶棒25内がパーフェクト領域となるインゴットの引上げ速度の許容範囲は、パーフェクト領域となる引上げ速度の面内均一性が向上するという理由により広くなる。
また、膨出部41とシリコン単結晶棒25との間を流下する不活性ガスの流速指標Sを比較的速い2.4〜5.0m/s、好ましくは3.5〜5.0m/sにするので、単結晶棒25を冷却する能力が上昇する。このためシリコン単結晶棒25中の温度勾配Gも比較的大きくなり、ボロンコフの理論により単結晶棒の引上げ速度をV(mm/分)を従来より上昇させることができ、その生産性を従来より向上させることができる。
【0021】
その一方で、ガス供給パイプ29からチャンバ11内に供給された不活性ガスにはチャンバ11内上部の部材から発生した鉄や銅等の重金属のパーティクルが混入する場合があり、このパーティクルはチャンバ11内上部の部材表面に沿う不活性ガスの流れに乗って流下するけれども、そのパーティクルはシリコン単結晶棒25に接触することなく不活性ガスの流れに従ってチャンバ11外に排出される。この結果、シリコン融液12から引上げられるシリコン単結晶棒25がパーティクルにより汚染されることは殆どないので、高純度のシリコン単結晶棒25を製造することができる。
なお、不活性ガスの流速における下限を2.4m/sとしているのは、流速がこれを下回るとシリコン単結晶棒25が[P]領域にならない可能性が大きくなり、不活性ガスの流速における上限を5.0m/sとしているのは、流速がこれを超えると、チャンバ11内に発生したパーティクルがシリコン単結晶棒25に付着する等の原因によりシリコン単結晶棒25が有転位化する可能性が大きくなるためである。
【0022】
【実施例】
次に本発明の実施例を比較例とともに詳しく説明する。
<実施例1>
図1及び図2に示すようなシリコン単結晶の育成装置において、ヒータ18の高さを約450mmとし、熱遮蔽部材36の内部に流下させる不活性ガスの流量を110リットル/min、130リットル/min及び150リットル/minに変化させた場合のそれぞれについて、直径約200mmのシリコン単結晶棒を約400mm引上げたときのリング状のOSFリングが閉じる図6の(V/G)2における引上げ速度即ち図7における引上げ速度V2、及びパーフェクト領域を形成する図6の(V/G)1における引上げ速度即ち図7における引上げ速度V1をそれぞれ求めた。
【0023】
<実施例2>
ヒータ18の高さを約600mmに変更した以外は実施例1と同一に構成した引上げ装置を準備した。この引上げ装置において、熱遮蔽部材36の内部に流下させる不活性ガスの量を70リットル/min及び110リットル/minに変化させた場合のそれぞれについて、直径約200mmのシリコン単結晶棒を約400mm引上げたときのリング状のOSFリングが閉じる図6の(V/G)2における引上げ速度即ち図7における引上げ速度V2、及びパーフェクト領域を形成する図6の(V/G)1における引上げ速度即ち図7における引上げ速度V1をそれぞれ求めた。
【0024】
<比較試験1及び評価>
実施例1及び実施例2により求められた不活性ガスの流量に対応するそれぞれの引上げ速度V2(規格値)を図3に示す。ここで、引上げ速度V2は、不活性ガスの量を70リットル/minとしたときの引上げ速度を1とした場合の相対値で表した。
また、実施例1及び実施例2により求められたそれぞれの引上げ速度V2及びV1における差、即ち図7に示すピュアマージン(V2−V1),(V2’−V1’)を求めた。ここで、ピュアマージンとは、シリコン単結晶棒25の横断面全体にわたって点欠陥の凝集体の存在しないパーフェクト領域となる最大引上げ速度及び最小引上げ速度の差であり、この明細書では、(V2−V1)を代表して記載し、(V2’−V1’)の記載を省略する。この不活性ガスの量における引上げ速度差を図3に合わせて示す。この引上げ速度差(V2−V1)は、実施例1の不活性ガスの流量を110リットル/minにおける引上げ速度差を1とした場合の相対値で表した。
【0025】
図3より明らかなように、実施例1及び実施例2ともに不活性ガスの流量が上昇すると引上げ速度V2も比例して上昇することが判る。これは不活性ガスの流量が上昇すると単結晶棒25を冷却する能力も上昇するためと考えられる。
また、実施例2の結果からすると、不活性ガスの供給量が上昇すると引上げ速度差も上昇することが判る。これはシリコン単結晶棒25の冷却効果の増大と、不活性ガスによるシリコン融液12の液面における冷却効果等により、シリコン融液12の流れが変化し、固液界面近傍のシリコン単結晶棒25の温度勾配が変化させられた結果と考えられる。
【0026】
<比較試験2及び評価>
実施例1及び実施例2により求められたそれぞれの不活性ガスの流量から、膨出部41とシリコン単結晶棒25との間を流下する不活性ガスの流速指標Sを求めた。そして、この不活性ガスの流速指標Sと引上げ速度V2(規格値)との関係を図4に示す。ここで、引上げ速度V2は、不活性ガスの量を70リットル/minとしたときの引上げ速度を1とした場合の相対値で表した。実施例1及び実施例2の不活性ガスの流量から膨出部41とシリコン単結晶棒25との間を流下する不活性ガスの流速指標Sを求め、この流速指標Sに対する引上げ速度差(V2−V1)をそれぞれ求めた。この差を図4に合わせて示す。この引上げ速度差(V2−V1)は、実施例1の不活性ガスの流量を110リットル/minにおける引上げ速度差を1とした場合の相対値で表した。
【0027】
図4より明らかなように、膨出部41とシリコン単結晶棒25との間を流下する不活性ガスの流速指標Sを2.4〜5.0m/sの範囲では、引上げ速度V2及び引上げ速度差(V2−V1)の双方において流速指標Sが大きいときに比較的高い値を示すことが判る。特に速度差は流速指標Sとともに大きくなっている。これは比較的速い引上げ速度でシリコン単結晶棒を引上げても、そのシリコン単結晶棒にOSFやCOP、或いはL/Dが発生しないことを意味し、これにより本発明により無欠陥で高品質のシリコン単結晶棒の生産性を従来より向上し得ることが判る。
【0028】
<比較試験3及び評価>
実施例1及び実施例2により求められたそれぞれの不活性ガスの流量をチャンバ11内の圧力で除してその比を求めた。そして、この比と引上げ速度V2(規格値)の関係を図5に示す。ここで、引上げ速度V2は、不活性ガスの量を70リットル/minとしたときの引上げ速度を1とした場合の相対値で表した。実施例1及び実施例2の不活性ガスの流量から、その流量をチャンバ11内の圧力で除してその比を求め、この比に対する引上げ速度差(V2−V1)をそれぞれ求めた。この差を図5に合わせて示す。この引上げ速度差(V2−V1)は、実施例1の不活性ガスの流量を110リットル/minにおける引上げ速度差を1とした場合の相対値で表した。
【0029】
図5より明らかなように、不活性ガスの流量とチャンバ11内の圧力との比が0.017〜0.040リットル/min・Paの範囲では、引上げ速度V2と引上げ速度差(V2−V1)の双方において流量と圧力の比が大きいときに比較的高い値を示すことが判る。特に速度差は、流量と圧力の比とともに大きくなっている。これは比較的速い引上げ速度でシリコン単結晶棒を引上げても、そのシリコン単結晶棒にOSFやCOP、或いはL/Dが発生しないことを意味し、これにより本発明により無欠陥で高品質のシリコン単結晶棒の生産性を従来より向上し得ることが判る。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、筒部の下部に膨出部が筒内の方向に膨出して設けられた熱遮蔽部材を用い、その膨出部とシリコン単結晶棒との間を流下する不活性ガスの流速指標Sを2.4〜5.0m/sにして種結晶を引上げるので、単結晶棒を冷却する能力を上昇させることができる。このためシリコン単結晶棒中の温度勾配Gも比較的大きくなり、ボロンコフの理論により単結晶棒の引上げ速度V(mm/分)を従来より上昇させることができ、その生産性を従来より向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の方法に使用するシリコン単結晶引上げ装置の断面構成図。
【図2】その装置の熱遮蔽部材を示す図1のA部拡大断面図。
【図3】実施例におけるガス流量に対する引上げ速度及び速度の差を示す図。
【図4】実施例におけるガス流速に対する引上げ速度及び速度の差を示す図。
【図5】実施例におけるガス流量と圧力の比に対する引上げ速度及び速度の差を示す図。
【図6】ボロンコフの理論を基づいた、V/G比が臨界点以上では空孔型点欠陥濃度が優勢なインゴットが形成され、V/G比が臨界点以下では格子間シリコン型点欠陥濃度が優勢なインゴットが形成されることを示す図。
【図7】そのシリコン単結晶棒を所定の変量引上げ速度で引上げたときの単結晶棒内の格子間シリコン及び空孔の分布を示す説明図。
【図8】従来の一般的な引き上げ装置を示す図2に対応する断面図。
【符号の説明】
10 シリコン単結晶引上げ装置
12 シリコン融液
13 石英るつぼ
18 ヒータ
24 種結晶
25 シリコン単結晶棒
36 熱遮蔽部材
37 筒部
41 膨出部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for growing a silicon single crystal that pulls up a silicon single crystal rod from a silicon melt while flowing an inert gas between the silicon single crystal rod to be pulled up and a heat shielding member surrounding the outer peripheral surface thereof. It is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as an apparatus of this type, as shown in FIG. 8, a quartz crucible 3 in which a silicon melt 2 is stored is accommodated in a chamber 1, and an outer peripheral surface of a silicon single crystal rod 5 and an inner peripheral surface of a quartz crucible 3. It is known that a heat shielding member 6 is inserted so as to surround the silicon single crystal rod 5 between them, and the upper end of the heat shielding member 6 is projected outward in a substantially horizontal direction. In this apparatus, the heat shielding member 6 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a diameter that decreases downward, and its lower end extends to the vicinity of the surface of the silicon melt 2. The upper end of the heat shielding member 6 is placed on the upper end of the heat insulating cylinder 9, and the heat shielding member 6 blocks the radiant heat radiated from the heater 8 to the silicon single crystal rod 5. Further, when an inert gas is supplied into the chamber 1 by a gas supply / discharge means (not shown) connected to the chamber 1, the inert gas is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the silicon single crystal rod 5 as indicated by a two-dot chain line arrow. Then, it flows down along the gap between the lower end of the heat shielding member 6 and the surface of the silicon melt 2 and is discharged out of the quartz crucible 3.
[0003]
As a method for growing a silicon single crystal using the apparatus configured as described above, a method of pulling up by the Czochralski method (hereinafter referred to as CZ method) is known. In this CZ method, a seed crystal is brought into contact with a silicon melt stored in a quartz crucible, and the seed crystal is pulled up while rotating the quartz crucible and the seed crystal, whereby a cylindrical silicon single crystal rod is formed at the bottom of the seed crystal. It is a method to nurture.
[0004]
On the other hand, there is a defect caused by a wafer as a cause of reducing the yield in the process of manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit using a wafer obtained from such a silicon single crystal rod. Such defects include microdefects of oxygen precipitates that are the core of oxidation-induced stacking faults (hereinafter referred to as OSF), particles derived from crystals (hereinafter referred to as COP), and the like. Or interstitial-type large dislocation (hereinafter referred to as L / D). OSF is introduced with a micro defect that becomes a nucleus during crystal growth, and becomes apparent in a thermal oxidation process or the like when manufacturing a semiconductor device, and causes a defect such as an increase in leakage current of the manufactured device. COPs are pits caused by crystals that appear on the wafer surface when the mirror-polished silicon wafer is washed with a mixture of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. When this wafer is measured with a particle counter, this pit is also detected as a light scattering defect together with the original particles.
[0005]
This COP causes deterioration of electrical characteristics, for example, dielectric breakdown characteristics (Time Dependent dielectric Breakdown, TDDB) of oxide films, oxide breakdown voltage characteristics (Time Zero Dielectric Breakdown, TZDB), and the like. Further, if COP exists on the wafer surface, a step is generated in the device wiring process, which may cause disconnection. In addition, the element isolation portion also causes leakage and the like, thereby reducing the product yield. Further, L / D is also called a dislocation cluster, or a pit is formed when a silicon wafer having such a defect is immersed in a selective etching solution mainly containing hydrofluoric acid. This L / D also causes deterioration of electrical characteristics such as leakage characteristics and isolation characteristics. As a result, it is necessary to reduce OSF, COP, and L / D from a silicon wafer used for manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit.
[0006]
In order to cut out a defect-free silicon wafer having no OSF, COP and L / D, a method for producing a silicon single crystal rod using the Boronkov theory is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-315, which corresponds to US Pat. No. 6,045,610. -1393. Boronkov's theory is that in order to grow a high purity single crystal rod with a small number of defects, the pulling rate of the single crystal rod is V (mm / min), and the single crystal rod in the vicinity of the interface between the single crystal rod and the silicon melt is V / G (mm 2 / min · ° C.) is controlled when the temperature gradient of G is G (° C./mm). In this theory, as shown in FIG. 6, the relationship between V / G and point defect concentration is shown with V / G on the horizontal axis and vacancy-type point defect concentration and interstitial silicon type point defect concentration on the same vertical axis. Is described schematically, and it is explained that the boundary between the void region and the interstitial silicon region is determined by V / G. More specifically, when the V / G ratio is equal to or higher than the critical point, a single crystal rod having a dominant vacancy-type point defect concentration is formed. On the other hand, when the V / G ratio is lower than the critical point, the interstitial silicon type point defect concentration is dominant. A single crystal rod is formed. In FIG. 6, [I] indicates a region where an interstitial silicon type point defect is dominant and an aggregate of interstitial silicon type point defects exists ((V / G) 1 or less), and [V] indicates The vacancy-type point defect in the single crystal rod is dominant, and indicates the region where the aggregate of the vacancy-type point defect exists ((V / G) 2 or more), and [P] is the vacancy-type point A perfect region ((V / G) 1 to (V / G) 2 ) where no defect agglomerates and no interstitial silicon type point defect agglomerates exist is shown. In the region [V] adjacent to the region [P], there is a region ((V / G) 2 to (V / G) 3 ) where a ring-shaped OSF is formed when the wafer comprising this portion is subjected to thermal oxidation. Exists.
[0007]
That is, according to Boronkov's theory, when a single crystal rod of silicon single crystal is pulled at a high speed, a region [V] in which agglomerates of vacancy-type point defects exist predominantly inside the single crystal rod is formed. When the crystal rod is pulled at a low speed, a region [I] in which aggregates of interstitial silicon type point defects exist predominantly inside the single crystal rod. For this reason, in the manufacturing method described above, a single crystal rod composed of a perfect region [P] in which the aggregate of point defects does not exist can be manufactured by pulling the single crystal rod at an optimal pulling rate.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the CZ method without applying a magnet, there is a limit in improving the productivity by further increasing the pulling speed of the silicon single crystal rod composed of the perfect region [P]. In addition, impurities may be generated from a member positioned above the silicon single crystal rod pulled up from the silicon melt, and these impurities are mixed with an inert gas and conveyed to the outer peripheral surface of the silicon single crystal rod. It is also necessary to avoid contamination of the silicon single crystal rod by impurities.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for growing a silicon single crystal capable of improving the productivity of a defect-free and high-quality silicon single crystal rod as compared with the conventional one.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the inert gas is supplied from the upper part of the chamber 11 into the chamber 11, on the inner side of the heat shield member 36 provided in the chamber 11 inert gas according to claim 1 The silicon single crystal rod 25 is grown under the seed crystal 24 by pulling up the seed crystal 24 that is suspended in the center of the heat shielding member 36 and is brought into contact with the silicon melt 12 stored in the quartz crucible 13. This is an improvement of the crystal growth method.
A characteristic point is that the heat shielding member 36 includes a cylindrical portion 37 having a lower end positioned above the surface of the silicon melt 12 and surrounding the outer peripheral surface of the silicon single crystal rod 25, and a lower portion of the cylindrical portion 37. A bulging portion 41 bulged in the direction of the cylinder, and the bulging portion 41 is connected to the lower edge of the cylindrical portion 37 and extends horizontally, and the inner edge of the bottom wall 42 The diameter of the silicon single crystal rod 25 to be grown has a vertical wall 44 connected to the upper wall 46 and an upper wall 46 connected to the upper edge of the vertical wall 44 so as to increase in diameter toward the upper side. When D is D, the vertical wall 44 has a height H of 10 mm or more and D / 2 or less, and is inclined parallel to the axis of the silicon single crystal rod 25 or at an angle of -5 degrees or more and +30 degrees or less. Formed by the following formula (1) flowing between the bulging portion 41 and the silicon single crystal rod 25. Particle defect (COP) due to the flow velocity index S of the inert gas to the seed crystal 25 in the 2.4~5.0m / s in the crystal by pulling be, interstitial dislocation defect (L / D) and oxidation induced A silicon single crystal growing method characterized by obtaining a defect-free silicon single crystal having no stacking fault (OSF) .
S = (Po / E) × F / A (1)
Here, Po is the atmospheric pressure (Pa) outside the chamber 11, E is the internal pressure (Pa) of the chamber 11, and F is the flow rate of the inert gas at room temperature supplied to the chamber 11 at the pressure Po. (M 3 / s), and A is a cross-sectional area (m 2 ) between the bulging portion 41 and the silicon single crystal rod 25.
[0010]
When the flow rate index S of the inert gas flowing between the bulging portion 41 and the silicon single crystal rod 25 is set to 2.4 to 5.0 m / s, the velocity V 2 at the boundary between the OSF generation region and the Pv region, that is, The maximum velocity of the defect-free region (hereinafter referred to as V 2 ) is high at the boundary with the Pv region. Therefore, in the method for growing a silicon single crystal according to claim 1, the temperature gradient G in the axial direction of the crystal increases due to the crystal cooling effect by the inert gas or the effect of changing the convection by the melt cooling, etc. According to Boronkov theory, the pulling speed of the single crystal rod 25 can be increased to V (mm / min).
[0011]
The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the gap W between the bulging portion 41 and the silicon single crystal rod 25 is 10 mm to 35 mm, and the F / E is 0.017 to This is a method for growing a silicon single crystal of 0.040 liter / min · Pa.
Also in the method for growing a silicon single crystal described in claim 2, the temperature gradient G in the crystal axis direction becomes large, and the pulling rate of the single crystal rod 25 is increased from the conventional method by V (mm / min) according to Boronkov theory. And the productivity can be improved as compared with the prior art. If the gap W is less than 10 mm, the bulging portion 41 may come into contact with the silicon single crystal rod 25. If the F / E is less than 0.017 liter / min · Pa, the silicon single crystal rod 25 is [P]. When the F / E exceeds 0.040 liter / min · Pa, the silicon single crystal rod 25 may be dislocated. Here, the preferable gap W is 15 to 25 mm, and the preferable F / E is 0.025 to 0.035 liter / min · Pa.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flow rate F is a method for growing a silicon single crystal of 70 liter / min or more.
Also in the method for growing a silicon single crystal described in claim 3, the temperature gradient G in the crystal axis direction is increased, and the pulling rate of the single crystal rod 25 can be increased by V (mm / min) as compared with the conventional method. Productivity can be improved as compared with the prior art. When the flow rate F is less than 70 liter / min, the silicon single crystal rod 25 is unlikely to be in the [P] region.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a silicon single crystal growth apparatus 10 used in the method of the present invention. A quartz crucible 13 for storing a silicon melt 12 is provided in the chamber 11 of the silicon single crystal growing apparatus 10, and the outer surface of the quartz crucible 13 is covered with a graphite susceptor 14. The lower surface of the quartz crucible 13 is fixed to the upper end of the support shaft 16 via the graphite susceptor 14, and the lower portion of the support shaft 16 is connected to the crucible driving means 17. Although not shown, the crucible driving means 17 has a first rotating motor for rotating the quartz crucible 13 and a lifting motor for moving the quartz crucible 13 up and down, and the quartz crucible 13 can be rotated in a predetermined direction by these motors. At the same time, it is movable in the vertical direction. The outer peripheral surface of the quartz crucible 13 is surrounded by a heater 18 at a predetermined interval from the quartz crucible 13, and the heater 18 is surrounded by a heat retaining cylinder 19. The heater 18 heats and melts the high-purity silicon polycrystal charged in the quartz crucible 13 to form the silicon melt 12.
[0014]
A cylindrical casing 21 is connected to the upper end of the chamber 11. The casing 21 is provided with a pulling means 22. The pulling means 22 is a pulling head (not shown) provided at the upper end of the casing 21 so as to be turnable in a horizontal state, a second rotating motor (not shown) for rotating the head, and a quartz crucible 13 from the head. And a pulling motor (not shown) that is provided in the head and winds or feeds the wire cable 23. A seed crystal 24 is attached to the lower end of the wire cable 23 to immerse the silicon single crystal rod 25 in the silicon melt 12.
Further, a gas supply / discharge means 28 for supplying an inert gas to the silicon single crystal rod side of the chamber 11 and discharging the inert gas from the crucible inner peripheral surface side of the chamber 11 is connected to the chamber 11. The gas supply / discharge means 28 has one end connected to the peripheral wall of the casing 21 and the other end connected to a tank (not shown) for storing the inert gas, and one end connected to the lower wall of the chamber 11. The other end has a discharge pipe 30 connected to a vacuum pump (not shown). The supply pipe 29 and the discharge pipe 30 are respectively provided with first and second flow rate adjusting valves 31 and 32 for adjusting the flow rate of the inert gas flowing through the pipes 29 and 30.
[0015]
On the other hand, an encoder (not shown) is provided on the output shaft (not shown) of the pulling motor, and an encoder (not shown) for detecting the raising / lowering position of the support shaft 16 is provided on the crucible driving means 17. Each detection output of the two encoders is connected to a control input of a controller (not shown), and the control output of the controller is connected to a lifting motor of the pulling means 22 and a lifting motor of the crucible driving means. The controller is also provided with a memory (not shown), and the memory stores the winding length of the wire cable 23 with respect to the detection output of the encoder, that is, the pulling length of the silicon single crystal rod 25 as a first map. . Further, the memory stores the liquid level of the silicon melt 12 in the quartz crucible 13 with respect to the pulled length of the silicon single crystal rod 25 as a second map. The controller is configured to control the raising / lowering motor of the crucible driving means 17 so as to always keep the liquid level of the silicon melt 12 in the quartz crucible 13 at a constant level based on the detection output of the encoder in the pulling motor. Is done.
[0016]
Between the outer peripheral surface of the silicon single crystal rod 25 and the inner peripheral surface of the quartz crucible 13, a heat shielding member 36 surrounding the outer peripheral surface of the silicon single crystal rod 25 is provided. The heat shielding member 36 includes a cylindrical portion 37 that is formed in a cylindrical shape and shields radiant heat from the heater 18, and a flange portion 38 that is connected to the upper edge of the cylindrical portion 37 and projects outward in a substantially horizontal direction. By placing the flange portion 38 on the heat insulating cylinder 19, the heat shielding member 36 is fixed in the chamber 11 so that the lower edge of the cylinder portion 37 is positioned a predetermined distance above the surface of the silicon melt 12. The The heat shielding member 36 is formed of graphite or graphite whose surface is coated with SiC. The cylindrical portion 37 is a tubular body having the same diameter, or a tubular body having a diameter that decreases toward the bottom.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 2, the cylindrical portion 37 in this embodiment is a cylindrical body having the same diameter, and a bulging portion 41 that bulges in the direction of the cylinder is provided at the lower portion of the cylindrical portion 37. An example of the bulging portion 41 will be described. The bulging portion 41 is connected to the lower edge of the cylindrical portion 37 and extends horizontally to reach the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface of the silicon single crystal rod 25. The vertical wall 44 is connected to the inner edge of the bottom wall 42, and the upper wall 46 is connected to the upper edge of the vertical wall 44 and has a diameter that increases upward. The cylindrical portion 37 and the bottom wall 42 are integrally formed, and the vertical wall 44 and the upper wall 46 are integrally formed. Here, the bulging portion 41 in this embodiment is formed such that the interval W between the outer peripheral surface of the pulled silicon single crystal rod 25 and the vertical wall 44 is 10 mm or more and 35 mm or less.
[0018]
When the diameter of the silicon single crystal rod 25 to be pulled is D, the vertical wall 44 has a height H of 10 mm or more and D / 2 or less, and is parallel to the axis of the silicon single crystal rod 25 or −5. It is inclined and formed at an angle of not less than 30 degrees and not more than +30 degrees. -5 degrees means that the diameter is reduced with an angle of 5 degrees with respect to the axial center line, and +30 degrees means an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the axial center line. The diameter of the silicon single crystal rod 25 is preferably formed so as to increase toward the upper side, but is preferably parallel to the axis of the silicon single crystal rod 25, that is, the vertical wall 44 is formed to be vertical. Is preferred. The interval W and the height H described above are appropriately determined according to the diameter of the silicon single crystal rod 25 to be pulled up. The upper wall 46 is formed horizontally, or is formed so that its diameter increases toward the upper side at an angle of more than 0 degree and not more than 80 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane, and the upper edge is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 37. It is comprised so that it may contact | abut. A felt material made of carbon fiber is filled as a heat insulating material 47 in the bulging portion 41 surrounded by the lower portion of the cylindrical portion 37, the bottom wall 42, the vertical wall 44, and the upper wall 46.
[0019]
The growing method of the present invention using the apparatus having such a configuration will be described.
When pulling up the silicon single crystal rod 25, a pulling motor (not shown) is rotated to feed out the wire cable 23, and the seed crystal 24 attached to the lower end thereof is immersed in the silicon melt 12. Thereafter, the seed crystal 24 is gradually pulled up to form a seed drawing portion at the lower portion thereof, and further a shoulder portion is formed. After the shoulder portion is formed, a straight body portion is formed following the lower portion. In forming the straight body portion, the first and second flow rate adjusting valves 31 and 32 are adjusted to supply an inert gas from the upper portion of the chamber 11 to the inside of the chamber 11, and the atmospheric pressure outside the chamber 11 is set to Po. , E is the internal pressure of the chamber 11, F is the flow rate at the pressure Po of the inert gas supplied to the chamber 11 at a temperature of 25 ° C., and the cross-sectional area between the bulging portion 41 and the silicon single crystal rod 25 is Assuming A, the flow rate index S of the inert gas flowing down between the bulging portion 41 and the straight body portion of the silicon single crystal rod 25 obtained by (Po / E) × F / A = S is 2.4. Adjust to ˜5.0 m / s, preferably 3.5 to 5.0 m / s. The inert gas flows between the bulging portion 41 and the straight body portion, and then passes between the surface of the silicon melt 12 and the lower end of the heat shielding member 36 and is discharged to the outside from the discharge pipe 30. It is.
[0020]
Here, in the method of the present invention, since it is a requirement that the bulging portion 41 bulging in the direction in the cylinder is formed at the lower part of the cylindrical portion 37, the heat radiation from the silicon melt 12 is the bulging portion. It is difficult to escape upward by the heat insulating material 47 provided in 41. Therefore, heat radiation from the silicon single crystal rod 25 in the vicinity of the liquid surface is also suppressed. As a result, a rapid temperature drop at the outer periphery of the silicon single crystal rod 25 can be prevented, the temperature distribution in the silicon single crystal rod 25 becomes substantially uniform from the center toward the outer peripheral surface, and the inside of the silicon single crystal rod 25 is perfect. The allowable range of the pulling speed of the ingot that becomes the region is widened because the in-plane uniformity of the pulling speed that becomes the perfect region is improved.
Further, the flow rate index S of the inert gas flowing down between the bulging portion 41 and the silicon single crystal rod 25 is set to a relatively fast 2.4 to 5.0 m / s, preferably 3.5 to 5.0 m / s. Therefore, the ability to cool the single crystal rod 25 increases. For this reason, the temperature gradient G in the silicon single crystal rod 25 is also relatively large, and the pulling speed of the single crystal rod can be increased by V (mm / min) from the conventional level according to Boronkov's theory, and the productivity is increased from the conventional level. Can be improved.
[0021]
On the other hand, particles of heavy metals such as iron and copper generated from members in the upper part of the chamber 11 may be mixed in the inert gas supplied from the gas supply pipe 29 into the chamber 11. Although the particles flow on the inert gas flow along the inner upper member surface, the particles are discharged out of the chamber 11 according to the inert gas flow without contacting the silicon single crystal rod 25. As a result, since the silicon single crystal rod 25 pulled up from the silicon melt 12 is hardly contaminated by particles, the high-purity silicon single crystal rod 25 can be manufactured.
The lower limit of the flow rate of the inert gas is set to 2.4 m / s. If the flow rate is lower than this, the possibility that the silicon single crystal rod 25 does not enter the [P] region increases. The upper limit is set to 5.0 m / s. If the flow velocity exceeds this, the silicon single crystal rod 25 may be dislocated due to the particles generated in the chamber 11 adhering to the silicon single crystal rod 25 or the like. This is because the property increases.
[0022]
【Example】
Next, examples of the present invention will be described in detail together with comparative examples.
<Example 1>
In the silicon single crystal growth apparatus as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the height of the heater 18 is about 450 mm, and the flow rate of the inert gas flowing down into the heat shielding member 36 is 110 liters / min, 130 liters / min. With respect to each of the case of changing to min and 150 liters / min, the ring-shaped OSF ring is closed when the silicon single crystal rod having a diameter of about 200 mm is pulled up by about 400 mm, that is, the pulling speed at (V / G) 2 in FIG. The pulling speed V 2 in FIG. 7 and the pulling speed at (V / G) 1 in FIG. 6 forming the perfect region, that is, the pulling speed V 1 in FIG.
[0023]
<Example 2>
A pulling device having the same configuration as in Example 1 was prepared except that the height of the heater 18 was changed to about 600 mm. In this pulling apparatus, a silicon single crystal rod having a diameter of about 200 mm is pulled up by about 400 mm for each of cases where the amount of inert gas flowing down into the heat shielding member 36 is changed to 70 liter / min and 110 liter / min. When the ring-shaped OSF ring is closed, the pulling speed at (V / G) 2 in FIG. 6, that is, the pulling speed V 2 in FIG. 7, and the pulling speed at (V / G) 1 in FIG. The pulling speed V 1 in FIG. 7 was obtained.
[0024]
<Comparative test 1 and evaluation>
FIG. 3 shows the respective pulling speeds V 2 (standard values) corresponding to the flow rates of the inert gas obtained by Examples 1 and 2. Here, the pulling rate V 2 is expressed as a relative value when the pulling rate is 1 when the amount of the inert gas is 70 liters / min.
Further, the difference between the respective pulling speeds V 2 and V 1 obtained by the first and second embodiments, that is, the pure margins (V 2 −V 1 ) and (V 2 ′ −V 1 ′) shown in FIG. Asked. Here, the pure margin is the difference between the maximum pulling speed and the minimum pulling speed at which the aggregate of point defects does not exist over the entire cross section of the silicon single crystal rod 25. In this specification, (V 2 −V 1 ) is representatively described, and description of (V 2 ′ −V 1 ′) is omitted. The pulling speed difference in the amount of the inert gas is also shown in FIG. The pulling speed difference (V 2 −V 1 ) was expressed as a relative value when the pulling speed difference was set to 1 when the flow rate of the inert gas in Example 1 was 110 liters / min.
[0025]
As is apparent from FIG. 3, it can be seen that in both the first and second embodiments, when the flow rate of the inert gas increases, the pulling speed V 2 also increases in proportion. This is presumably because the ability to cool the single crystal rod 25 increases as the flow rate of the inert gas increases.
From the results of Example 2, it can be seen that the pulling speed difference increases as the supply amount of the inert gas increases. This is because the flow of the silicon melt 12 changes due to the increase in the cooling effect of the silicon single crystal rod 25 and the cooling effect on the liquid surface of the silicon melt 12 by the inert gas, and the silicon single crystal rod near the solid-liquid interface. This is considered to be the result of changing the temperature gradient of 25.
[0026]
<Comparative test 2 and evaluation>
The flow rate index S of the inert gas flowing down between the bulging portion 41 and the silicon single crystal rod 25 was determined from the flow rate of each inert gas determined in Example 1 and Example 2. FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the flow rate index S of the inert gas and the pulling speed V 2 (standard value). Here, the pulling rate V 2 is expressed as a relative value when the pulling rate is 1 when the amount of the inert gas is 70 liters / min. The flow rate index S of the inert gas flowing down between the bulging portion 41 and the silicon single crystal rod 25 is obtained from the flow rate of the inert gas of Example 1 and Example 2, and the pulling speed difference (V 2 −V 1 ) was obtained. This difference is also shown in FIG. The pulling speed difference (V 2 −V 1 ) was expressed as a relative value when the pulling speed difference was set to 1 when the flow rate of the inert gas in Example 1 was 110 liters / min.
[0027]
As is clear from FIG. 4, when the flow rate index S of the inert gas flowing down between the bulging portion 41 and the silicon single crystal rod 25 is in the range of 2.4 to 5.0 m / s, the pulling speed V 2 and It can be seen that both the pulling speed differences (V 2 −V 1 ) show relatively high values when the flow velocity index S is large. In particular, the speed difference increases with the flow rate index S. This means that even if the silicon single crystal rod is pulled at a relatively high pulling speed, no OSF, COP, or L / D is generated in the silicon single crystal rod. It can be seen that the productivity of the silicon single crystal rod can be improved as compared with the prior art.
[0028]
<Comparative test 3 and evaluation>
The ratio of each inert gas flow rate obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 was divided by the pressure in the chamber 11 to obtain the ratio. The relationship between this ratio and the pulling speed V 2 (standard value) is shown in FIG. Here, the pulling rate V 2 is expressed as a relative value when the pulling rate is 1 when the amount of the inert gas is 70 liters / min. The ratio was obtained by dividing the flow rate of the inert gas in Example 1 and Example 2 by the pressure in the chamber 11, and the pulling rate difference (V 2 −V 1 ) with respect to this ratio was obtained. This difference is also shown in FIG. The pulling speed difference (V 2 −V 1 ) was expressed as a relative value when the pulling speed difference was set to 1 when the flow rate of the inert gas in Example 1 was 110 liters / min.
[0029]
As apparent from FIG. 5, when the ratio of the flow rate of the inert gas to the pressure in the chamber 11 is in the range of 0.017 to 0.040 liter / min · Pa, the pulling speed V 2 and the pulling speed difference (V 2 it is found to exhibit a relatively high value when both in -V 1) flow and pressure ratio is large. In particular, the speed difference increases with the ratio of flow rate to pressure. This means that even if the silicon single crystal rod is pulled at a relatively high pulling speed, no OSF, COP, or L / D is generated in the silicon single crystal rod. It can be seen that the productivity of the silicon single crystal rod can be improved as compared with the prior art.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the heat shielding member in which the bulging portion bulges in the direction of the inside of the tube is provided at the lower portion of the tube portion, and the space between the bulging portion and the silicon single crystal rod is used. Since the seed crystal is pulled up by setting the flow rate index S of the inert gas flowing down to 2.4 to 5.0 m / s, the ability to cool the single crystal rod can be increased. For this reason, the temperature gradient G in the silicon single crystal rod also becomes relatively large, and the pulling speed V (mm / min) of the single crystal rod can be increased according to the Boronkov theory, and the productivity is improved as compared with the conventional method. be able to.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a silicon single crystal pulling apparatus used in a method of the present invention.
2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part A in FIG. 1 showing a heat shielding member of the apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a pulling speed and a difference in speed with respect to a gas flow rate in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a pulling speed and a difference in speed with respect to a gas flow rate in the example.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a pulling speed and a difference in speed with respect to a ratio of a gas flow rate and a pressure in an example.
FIG. 6 shows that an ingot having a dominant vacancy-type point defect concentration is formed when the V / G ratio is equal to or higher than the critical point based on the Boronkov theory, and an interstitial silicon-type point defect concentration when the V / G ratio is lower than the critical point. The figure which shows that an ingot where is dominant is formed.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the distribution of interstitial silicon and vacancies in the single crystal bar when the silicon single crystal bar is pulled at a predetermined variable pulling rate.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 showing a conventional general pulling device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Silicon single crystal pulling apparatus 12 Silicon melt 13 Quartz crucible 18 Heater 24 Seed crystal 25 Silicon single crystal rod 36 Heat shielding member 37 Cylinder part 41 Swelling part

Claims (3)

チャンバ(11)の上部から前記チャンバ(11)の内部に不活性ガスを供給し、前記チャンバ(11)内に設けられた熱遮蔽部材(36)の内側に不活性ガスを流下させつつ前記熱遮蔽部材(36)の中央に垂下され石英るつぼ(13)に貯留されたシリコン融液(12)に接触させた種結晶(24)を引上げて前記種結晶(24)の下部にシリコン単結晶棒(25)を育成させるシリコン単結晶の育成方法において、
前記熱遮蔽部材(36)は、下端が前記シリコン融液(12)表面から間隔をあけて上方に位置しかつシリコン単結晶棒(25)の外周面を包囲する筒部(37)と、前記筒部(37)の下部に筒内の方向に膨出して設けられた膨出部(41)とを備え、
前記膨出部(41)は前記筒部(37)の下縁に接続されて水平に延びるリング状の底壁(42)と前記底壁(42)の内縁に連設された縦壁(44)と前記縦壁(44)の上縁に連設され上方に向うに従って直径が大きくなるように形成された上壁(46)とを有し、
育成される前記シリコン単結晶棒(25)の直径をDとするとき、前記縦壁(44)は高さHが10mm以上D/2以下であって前記シリコン単結晶棒(25)の軸心線に対して平行に又は−5度以上+30度以下の角度で傾斜して形成され、
前記膨出部(41)と前記シリコン単結晶棒(25)との間を流下する下記式(1)で求められる不活性ガスの流速指標Sを2.4〜5.0m/sにして前記種結晶(25)を引上げることにより結晶に起因したパーティクル欠陥、侵入型転位欠陥及び酸化誘起積層欠陥を有しない無欠陥のシリコン単結晶を得ることを特徴とするシリコン単結晶の育成方法。
S=(Po/E)×F/A ………(1)
ここで、Poは前記チャンバ(11)の外部における大気圧力(Pa)であり、Eは前記チャンバ(11)の内部圧力(Pa)であり、Fは前記チャンバ(11)に供給される室温状態の不活性ガスの圧力Poにおける流量(m3/s)であり、Aは前記膨出部(41)と前記シリコン単結晶棒(25)との間における断面積(m2)である。
An inert gas is supplied into the chamber (11) from the upper part of the chamber (11), and the inert gas is allowed to flow down inside a heat shielding member (36) provided in the chamber (11). The seed crystal (24) suspended from the center of the shielding member (36) and brought into contact with the silicon melt (12) stored in the quartz crucible (13) is pulled up, and a silicon single crystal rod is formed below the seed crystal (24). In the method for growing a silicon single crystal for growing (25),
The heat shielding member (36) has a cylindrical portion (37) whose lower end is located above the surface of the silicon melt (12) with a space therebetween and surrounds the outer peripheral surface of the silicon single crystal rod (25), A bulging portion (41) provided to bulge in the direction in the cylinder at the bottom of the cylindrical portion (37),
The bulging portion (41) is connected to the lower edge of the cylindrical portion (37) and extends horizontally and has a ring-shaped bottom wall (42) and a vertical wall (44) connected to the inner edge of the bottom wall (42). ) And an upper wall (46) that is connected to the upper edge of the vertical wall (44) and has a diameter that increases toward the top,
When the diameter of the grown silicon single crystal rod (25) is D, the vertical wall (44) has a height H of 10 mm or more and D / 2 or less, and the axis of the silicon single crystal rod (25). Formed parallel to the line or inclined at an angle of not less than -5 degrees and not more than +30 degrees,
The flow rate index S of the inert gas calculated by the following formula (1) flowing down between the bulging portion (41) and the silicon single crystal rod (25) is set to 2.4 to 5.0 m / s. A method for growing a silicon single crystal, characterized by obtaining a defect-free silicon single crystal having no particle defects, interstitial dislocation defects and oxidation-induced stacking faults due to the crystal by pulling up the seed crystal (25).
S = (Po / E) × F / A (1)
Here, Po is the atmospheric pressure (Pa) outside the chamber (11), E is the internal pressure (Pa) of the chamber (11), and F is a room temperature state supplied to the chamber (11). The inert gas has a flow rate (m 3 / s) at a pressure Po, and A is a cross-sectional area (m 2 ) between the bulging portion (41) and the silicon single crystal rod (25).
膨出部(41)とシリコン単結晶棒(25)との間の隙間(W)が10mm〜35mmであって、F/Eが0.017〜0.040リットル/min・Paである請求項1記載のシリコン単結晶の育成方法。  The gap (W) between the bulging portion (41) and the silicon single crystal rod (25) is 10 mm to 35 mm, and F / E is 0.017 to 0.040 liter / min · Pa. The method for growing a silicon single crystal according to 1. 流量Fが70リットル/min以上である請求項1又は2記載のシリコン単結晶の育成方法。  The method for growing a silicon single crystal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flow rate F is 70 liters / min or more.
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