JP4301679B2 - Maintenance device and method for base wood part - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention according to the present application relates to a maintenance management apparatus and a maintenance management method for a base wooden part that can detect biological deterioration of a base wooden part in a wooden building in advance and can extend the life of the wooden building.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are various causes of deterioration of wooden houses, but most of them are biodegradation of the base wood in the area around the water. Moreover, most of the biological deterioration of wood is caused by decaying fungi. Nutrients, moisture, oxygen, and moderate temperature are necessary for the growth of these decaying fungi. For this reason, Japanese wooden buildings in a hot and humid climate have been devised to improve the breathability of the house and keep it dry to prevent biological deterioration due to decaying fungi. For example, in order to improve the air permeability under the floor, a method is adopted in which a high fabric foundation is formed of concrete between the floor and the ground, the floor is separated from the ground surface, and a ventilation port is formed on the side of the fabric foundation. Has been.
[0003]
On the other hand, knowing the signs of biological deterioration of wood and the like in advance is an important issue when maintaining and managing wooden buildings. On the other hand, since the moisture inside the wood is always necessary for the biological degradation of wood, that is, decay, if the moisture content of wood can be measured and the change detected in advance, the signs of biological degradation can be detected in advance. I can know.
[0004]
In view of the above circumstances, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2023 proposes measuring the moisture content of wood in order to extend the life of wooden houses. This measures the difference in humidity between the air that enters the ventilation port and the air that is discharged from the ventilation port, and measures the moisture content of the part through which the air passes when this difference exceeds a predetermined value. . And when the moisture content exceeds a predetermined value, the factor that the moisture content has increased is removed.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-190981 discloses an apparatus for measuring the moisture content of wood. The wood moisture content measuring device described in this publication determines a moisture content of wood by installing a pair of electrodes across wood and measuring the capacitance.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, there are the following problems in maintaining and managing wooden parts in buildings, particularly base wooden parts, using conventionally known techniques.
In order to measure the moisture content of the base wood part that is most likely to cause biological degradation, it is necessary to remove the underfloor storage or the tatami flooring and dig into the floor and work. Then, work such as installation of electrodes or sensors and connection of lead wires to measuring devices is performed for each measurement. For this reason, a lot of labor and cost are required for the measurement, and there is a problem that information necessary for maintenance such as measurement of moisture content cannot be frequently collected.
[0006]
Moreover, even if the floor is submerged, it is difficult for the wood moisture content measuring device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-190981 to measure the moisture content of the base wood part of the already constructed building.
[0007]
On the other hand, if the moisture content can be measured, it will be possible to determine to a certain extent whether or not the wood is in a state where it is prone to biological deterioration. Such a determination cannot be made, and information for determining whether or not countermeasures such as repair are necessary cannot be obtained.
[0008]
The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and its purpose is to easily measure the moisture content of the base wood part as needed or to judge the state of biological deterioration. It is possible to obtain information easily and to perform accurate maintenance management of the base wood part.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a cutting method in which a gap is formed between the concrete foundation and the base wooden part at the top of the concrete base where the base wooden part is installed almost horizontally. A notch is provided, and a plurality of electrodes are driven into the base tree part from the bottom surface of the base tree part on the notch, and the lead wire connected to each electrode can be connected to the terminal of the moisture content measuring device from outside A maintenance management device for a base wood part connected to a plurality of connection terminals is provided.
[0010]
In such a maintenance management device, a plurality of electrodes driven into the base wood part function as sensors for detecting moisture content, and lead wires connected to these electrodes are led to connection terminals that can be connected from outside. Therefore, by connecting a moisture content measuring device to this connection terminal, it is possible to easily measure the moisture content of the base wood part from outside without going under the floor. And if such a moisture content measuring apparatus is used, since the state of a base tree part can be judged and grasped | ascertained quantitatively, a preventive maintenance act is also attained. In addition, since the state of the base wooden part can be easily grasped at any time without diving under the floor, it is possible to reduce the maintenance burden and to perform more reliable management by frequently measuring.
[0011]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the maintenance management device for a base wood part according to the first aspect, the upper part is rotatably attached to the part where the notch is open to the outdoor side, and the lower part is splashed. A lid that can be opened and closed is provided.
In the maintenance management device configured as described above, the opening of the notch is not exposed to the outside, so that it is possible to prevent rainwater from entering from the outside, and it is possible to provide a notch to rot the base wood part. Can be avoided.
[0012]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the maintenance management system for a base wood part according to the second aspect, the notch formed in the concrete foundation is attached to the lid and the box whose upper side is opened is uncured. It shall be formed by embedding in a concrete foundation.
In such a maintenance management apparatus, the box is formed of a metal or plastic, and can be easily embedded when leveling the top of the uncured foundation concrete horizontally. For this reason, it becomes possible to form the notch in a simple and simplified process.
[0013]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the maintenance management device for a base wood part according to the first aspect, the notch is bent downward in the vicinity of the opening on the outdoor side, and the cross section of the notch part in the vicinity of the opening Is assumed to have been expanded.
The cut-out part will be a gap after the completion of construction.In addition to being used for the measurement of moisture content as described above, a sample collection cone is screwed from the outdoor side to the bottom surface of the base wooden part, and the base is used with a scope. It can be used to visually observe the state of the xylem. Therefore, by enlarging the cross section of the opening on the outdoor side of the notch, various maintenance operations are facilitated and reliable operations are possible. Moreover, since the cross section near the opening is enlarged by bending the bottom surface of the notch downward, rainwater or the like can be prevented from entering the back of the notch.
[0014]
The invention according to claim 5 is provided with a notch that forms a gap between the concrete foundation and the base wooden part at the top of the concrete base on which the base wooden part is installed substantially horizontally. At least two electrodes are embedded in the base tree part from the bottom surface of the base tree part, and lead wires connected to these electrodes are connected to connection terminals that can be attached and detached from the outside, and the connection is made regularly or irregularly. Provided is a method for maintaining and managing a base wood part in which a terminal of a moisture content measuring device is connected to a terminal and the moisture content is measured.
[0015]
In such a maintenance method of the base wood part, since the terminal of the moisture content measuring device can be easily connected to the connection terminal connected with the electrode functioning as the moisture content sensor and the lead wire, it is necessary to dive under the floor. Therefore, it is possible to easily and easily measure the moisture content of the base wood without cost. Therefore, it is possible to know the moisture content of the base wood part frequently, such as by measuring the moisture content during regular patrols or from time to time, and discover the occurrence of factors such as biological deterioration at an early stage to ensure the maintenance management of wooden houses Can be performed.
[0016]
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, notches are provided at a plurality of positions on the concrete foundation of the wooden building so that the lower surface of the base wood portion is exposed, and the base wood portion at the position where each notch is provided. At least two electrodes are embedded in the lower side. And the lead wire connected to these electrodes is connected to the connection terminal which can be attached and detached from the outdoors, and the moisture content measuring device is connected to the connection terminal regularly or irregularly to measure the moisture content. . When the measured moisture content is equal to or higher than the predetermined value, the sample piece sampled from the base wood part by screwing a sample collection cone from the outside of the notch to the bottom surface of the base wood part at the position where the notch is provided Observe or analyze. In addition, this is a maintenance method in which a scope is inserted into a hole after a sample piece is collected by a sample collecting cone, and the inside is observed.
[0017]
In this maintenance method, the moisture content of the base wood can be measured frequently over a long period of time, and when the measured moisture content is above a predetermined level, the degree of decay of the base wood is further investigated. Become. Therefore, if a state where decay is likely to proceed is found while monitoring the state of the wooden building, it is possible to take an accurate measure such as inspection of the degree of spread, repair, or improvement of the state. And it becomes possible to perform comprehensive maintenance management of a wooden building over a long period of time, without incurring much expense.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention according to the present application will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a maintenance management apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention described in claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, or claim 4. Moreover, FIG. 2 is a figure which shows the cross section parallel to the base tree part of the same maintenance management apparatus.
[0019]
This maintenance management device is provided on the top of a concrete foundation 1 of a wooden building, and has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the base wooden part 2 placed on the concrete foundation 1. A notch 3 is formed. Accordingly, a gap as shown in FIG. 2 is formed between the base tree part 2 and the concrete foundation 1, and the lower surface of the base tree part 2 is exposed in the gap. The notch 3 is appropriately provided, for example, at one place on each of the east, west, north, and north sides of the house, and a water portion that is expected to decay.
The structure shown in FIG. 2 supports the base wooden part 2 on the concrete foundation 1 through the rubber packing 7, but even if it supports the base wooden part directly on the concrete foundation. Good.
[0020]
Two wood screws 41, 41 are screwed into the lower surface of the base tree part 2 exposed in the gap toward the inside of the base tree part 2 at a predetermined interval. These two wood screws 41, 41 function as a moisture content sensor for measuring the moisture content inside the wood part, that is, an electrode.
[0021]
Lead wires 42 and 42 are connected to the heads of the wood screws 41 and 41, which are opposed electrodes, respectively, and the other ends of the lead wires are connected to connection terminals 43 and 43, respectively. The connection terminals 43 and 43 are provided in the vicinity where the notch 3 is open to the outdoor side, and can be easily connected to each terminal of the moisture content measuring device 5 from the outside. Further, the connection terminals 43 and 43 may be capable of being drawn out from the inside of the notch when connected to the moisture content measuring device 5.
[0022]
A lid 31 that covers the entire surface of the opening is attached to a portion where the notch 3 is opened to the outdoor side, and the top of the lid 31 is rotatably supported as indicated by a broken line in FIG. The lid 31 is configured to be openable and closable by flipping up the lower part of the lid 31. The lid 31 prevents rainwater from entering the notch when not inspected, and the lid 31 is opened during inspection to connect the terminals of the moisture content measuring instrument 5 to the connection terminals 43 and 43 inside the notch. be able to.
Note that the attachment of the lid 31 can be omitted by attaching the rain shield 60 to the lower part of the outer wall base 61 or the exterior material 62.
[0023]
The notch 3 has a configuration in which the bottom surface of the notch 3 is bent downward near the opening to the outside to increase the cross-sectional area near the opening. In order to comprehensively maintain and manage a wooden building, there are cases where samples are taken from the base wooden part 2 or the inside of the base wooden part 2 is observed with a fiberscope 90 (FIG. 5) as described later. According to the configuration, such maintenance work can be easily performed.
[0024]
As a method of forming the notch 3, it may be performed manually when the concrete is in an uncured state. However, in order to improve work efficiency, the rectangular parallelepiped box 30 with the upper part opened is made into uncured concrete. There is a way to embed. If this box 30 is manufactured as a standard part, the notch 3 can be formed by a simpler operation.
[0025]
FIG. 3 shows an example of a box 30 used to form the notch 3 having a large cross-sectional area near the opening. The box 30 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a width of 2 cm and a depth of 2 cm with the upper surface opened. However, the bottom surface portion 32 is formed in a tapered shape on the opening side of the notch 3 to the outside, and the cross-sectional area increases as it goes to the end portion. The lid 31 is attached to the box 30 in advance.
[0026]
Although this box 30 may be embedded in the uncured concrete foundation 1 as it is, as shown in FIG. 2, when the packing 7 is used on the top of the concrete foundation 1, the top of the uncured concrete is placed horizontally. When leveled, the box 30 is installed so that the upper part protrudes, and the height is determined so that the top end just contacts the lower surface of the base wooden part 2. In addition, by using the packing 7 as described above, it is possible to equalize the contact force acting between the base wood part 2 and the concrete foundation 1, and by appropriately selecting the material of the packing 7, You can also expect the seismic isolation effect of wooden buildings during an earthquake.
[0027]
Next, the maintenance management method of the base wooden part 2 using the maintenance management apparatus installed as mentioned above is demonstrated.
As a measure for preventing the decay of the base wood part 2, the moisture content inside the wood is measured in order to monitor whether or not the base wood part 2 is in a state of being easily decayed. The moisture content can be measured by applying a voltage between two wood screws 41 and 41 embedded in the base wood part 2 and detecting a resistance value between these wood screws 41 and 41. That is, it utilizes the fact that the resistance value changes depending on the state or amount of moisture contained in the base wood part.
[0028]
In general, the moisture inside the wood includes bound water contained in the cell wall and free water in the lumen. Moisture decreases as the wood dries, but initially only free water decreases and the properties of the wood remain unchanged. The state where the cell wall is saturated with bound water and free water is not included is called the fiber saturation point. In the present invention, wood placed in the atmosphere is premised on the property that free water decreases first, and the state in which free water increases due to the external environment is detected by a change in resistance value. Therefore, first, the saturated moisture content (about 25% to 35%) for each reference tree is obtained in advance, and the relationship between the moisture content of wood and the resistance value is investigated in a laboratory or the like.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 1, the terminals of the moisture content measuring device 5 are connected to connection terminals 43 and 43, respectively, and the resistance value between the two electrodes (wood screws 41 and 41) is measured. At this time, when the moisture inside the wood is large, the resistance value is low, and the dried wood shows a high resistance value. Therefore, if the correlation between the resistance value and the moisture content, including the resistance value when the saturated moisture content is shown in advance as described above, is investigated, the internal moisture content of the base wood part 2 can be measured by the resistance value. it can. For example, when the measured resistance value is lower than the resistance value indicating the saturated moisture content, it indicates that the base tree part 2 contains free water. The fact that a large amount of free water is contained is a state in which rot fungi are likely to propagate, and measures to prevent decay, such as reducing the water content, are necessary.
[0030]
When it is detected that the moisture content of the base wood part 2 is high as described above, it is desirable to investigate whether or not decay has already progressed. The degree of decay can be investigated by observing or analyzing a sample piece collected from the base wood part 2.
[0031]
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a method of collecting a sample piece from the base wood part.
From the opening on the outdoor side of the notch 3 provided on the top of the concrete foundation 1 to the lower surface of the base wooden part 2, it is screwed while rotating the cone 8 for sample collection obliquely upward, and the diameter is about 4 mm. Take a cylindrical piece of wood as a sample. This piece of wood can be observed from the outside or applied to an analyzer to determine the degree of decay. The cone 8 has a cylindrical member provided with a spiral cutting blade, and takes in a piece of wood into the cylindrical member by screwing into the wood. This can be extracted as a sample. For example, “Growth cone” manufactured by Yamatoya Co., Ltd. can be used.
[0032]
As described above, after the sample piece is collected from the base tree part 2 by the sample collecting cone 8, the fiber scope can be inserted into the hole 21 formed in the base tree part 2 and can be observed internally.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a method of observing the inside of the hole 21 provided in the base wood part 2 with the fiber scope 90. In this method, the fiberscope 90 is inserted from the outdoor side of the notch 3 provided on the top of the concrete foundation 1 and inserted into the hole 21 formed by sampling, and the inside is projected on a display device 91 such as a CRT. Is. Thereby, the state of decay in the base wood part 2 can be directly visually observed. Moreover, it becomes possible to present a state to many people, such as a client.
[0033]
The method of measuring the moisture content described above, the method of taking out a sample piece from the base tree part 2 and performing observation and analysis, and the method of visually observing the inside of the hole 21 drilled in the base tree part 2 are these It is desirable to carry out this comprehensively and systematically. By carrying out such maintenance over a long period of time, it becomes possible to standardize measures necessary for extending the life of wooden buildings and to carry them out reliably and accurately. An example of a method for comprehensively performing such maintenance is shown as a flowchart in FIG. This method is an embodiment of the invention described in claim 6 .
[0034]
In this series of maintenance methods, first, a point for setting a maintenance device is determined. About 10 places that are prone to decay are selected at the time of construction, with emphasis on the area around the water. At the stage of foundation work, a notch 3 is formed in that portion or a box 30 is embedded, and a wooden screw 41 serving as an electrode for measuring the moisture content when the base wood part 2 is placed on the concrete foundation 1 , 41 are attached to the lower part of the base wooden part 2. After completion, regular inspections are performed. In many cases, raw materials have a moisture content above the fiber saturation point, so after a certain period of time, the first periodic inspection is performed after waiting for their drying.
[0035]
In the periodic inspection, the moisture content of the base wood part 2 is measured by the moisture content measuring device 5. If the measured moisture content is less than or equal to the saturated moisture content, the wood does not contain free water and the wood is dry so there is no concern about decay. Write the inspection date and leave it for the next periodic inspection. When the measured moisture content is equal to or higher than the saturated moisture content, a piece of wood is collected using the sample collecting cone 8 and the degree of decay of the sample piece is determined. Further, the scope 8 is inserted into the hole 21 formed after the sample piece is collected, and the image inside the base 2 is directly observed, and the deterioration state of the base wood part 2 is determined.
[0036]
As a result, if the measured moisture content is high but no decay is observed, repair the perforated part and complete the inspection. Then, investigate the cause of the increase in free water, and take measures if the moisture content continues to increase.
On the other hand, when the degree of decay has progressed and biological deterioration has been confirmed, repair and replacement work such as rooting, buried trees, and oaks is immediately performed. In this way, it is possible to prolong the life of the wooden building by taking measures at an early stage.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the maintenance management device and the maintenance management method according to the present invention, the moisture content of the base wood can be easily measured, and it is possible to accurately monitor whether or not a state in which decay is likely to occur has occurred. it can. For this reason, it becomes possible to take measures early against decay. In addition, by collecting sample pieces from the base wood part, the degree of decay can be accurately detected, and the inside of the hole provided in the base wood part is visually observed with a scope. It is possible to know the state of decay. By accurately grasping the state of the base wood part in this way, comprehensive and systematic maintenance can be performed.
Further, by performing the above maintenance management method comprehensively and systematically, it becomes possible to standardize maintenance management and to perform accurate management uniformly. And the lifetime of a wooden building can be lengthened by performing such maintenance for a long term.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a maintenance management apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3 or claim 4;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the maintenance management device shown in FIG. 1 taken along a section parallel to the base tree part.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a box used in the maintenance management device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a method of collecting a sample piece from a base tree part .
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a method of observing the inside of a hole provided in a base wood part with a fiberscope .
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a maintenance management method according to an embodiment of the invention according to claim 6 ;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Concrete foundation 2 Base wood part 3 Notch 5 Moisture content measuring device 7 Packing 8 Cone 21 Hole 30 Box body 31 Cover 32 Bottom part 41 Wood screw 42 Lead wire 43 Connection terminal 60 Rain guard 61 Exterior wall base 62 Exterior material 90 Fiber scope 91 Display apparatus

Claims (6)

At the top of the concrete foundation where the base wood part is installed almost horizontally, a notch is formed to form a gap between the concrete foundation and the base wood part,
A plurality of electrodes are driven into the base tree part from the bottom surface of the base tree part on the notch,
The maintenance management device for a base wood part, wherein the lead wire connected to each electrode is connected to a plurality of connection terminals connectable to the terminal of the moisture content measuring device from the outside.     2. The lid according to claim 1, wherein an upper portion is rotatably attached to a portion where the notch is opened to the outdoor side, and a lid that is opened and closed so as to flip up the lower portion is provided. Maintenance equipment for the base wood.     The base cutout maintenance management device according to claim 2, wherein the cutout is formed by embedding a box body, to which the lid is attached and whose upper side is opened, in uncured concrete.     The base management part maintenance management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the notch has a bottom surface bent downward in the vicinity of an opening on the outdoor side, and a cross section of the notch is enlarged. A notch that forms a gap between the concrete foundation and the base wooden part is provided at the top of the concrete base on which the base wooden part is installed almost horizontally, and the base tree from the bottom surface of the base wooden part on the notch At least two electrodes are embedded in the part, and lead wires connected to these electrodes are connected to connection terminals that can be attached and detached from the outdoors, and the terminals of the moisture content measuring device are connected to the connection terminals regularly or irregularly. A maintenance method for a base wood part, characterized in that the moisture content is measured by connecting. In several positions on the concrete foundation of the wooden building, notches are provided so that the bottom surface of the base wooden part is exposed,
At least two electrodes are embedded under the base wooden part at the position where each notch is provided, and lead wires connected to these electrodes are connected to connection terminals that can be detached from the outdoors,
Regularly or irregularly, connect the terminal of the moisture content measuring device to the connection terminal and measure the moisture content,
When the measured moisture content is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, at the position where the notch is provided, a sample collection cone is screwed into the lower surface of the base wooden part from the outdoor side of the notch,
Observe or analyze the sample piece collected from the base wood,
A method for maintaining and managing a base wood part, wherein a scope is inserted into a hole after a sample piece is collected by the sample collecting cone, and the inside is observed.

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