JP4296205B2 - 非水電解質電池、電池パック及び自動車 - Google Patents
非水電解質電池、電池パック及び自動車 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4296205B2 JP4296205B2 JP2007088837A JP2007088837A JP4296205B2 JP 4296205 B2 JP4296205 B2 JP 4296205B2 JP 2007088837 A JP2007088837 A JP 2007088837A JP 2007088837 A JP2007088837 A JP 2007088837A JP 4296205 B2 JP4296205 B2 JP 4296205B2
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/20—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power generated by humans or animals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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Description
前記負極は、アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金製の負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の少なくとも幅方向両端部を除いて形成され、アルミニウムのリチウム合金化電位よりも負極平均作動電位が高くなる負極活物質を含む負極活物質含有層とを含み、
前記負極は、前記負極の長さ方向の一端に、頂点に向かって幅が漸減する先端部を有し、前記先端部は、前記負極活物質含有層の最大幅の1/2に相当する位置に前記頂点が存在し、かつ前記位置に対して対称な形状を有し、
前記負極の前記先端部は、前記正極の巻き始めの部分とこれよりも1周後の正極との間に、前記頂点が前記巻き始めの部分よりも後方に位置するように配置されていることを特徴とする。
以下、第1の実施形態に係る非水電解質電池を図1〜図5を参照して説明する。図1は、第1の実施形態に係わる非水電解質電池の分解斜視図である。図2(a)が図1の非水電解質電池に用いられる電極群の模式的な平面図で、図2(b)が電極群の模式的な上面図で、図2(c)が電極群における正負極の先端部の位置関係を示す模式図である。図3は、図2(b)に示す電極群の拡大上面図である。図4は、図1の非水電解質電池に用いられる電極群の製造工程を説明するための模式図である。図5(a)が図1の非水電解質電池に用いられる正負極の中央部分の平面図で、図5(b)が正負極の中央部分の斜視図である。図6は、図1の非水電解質電池に用いられる電極群をVI−VI線で切断した際に得られる模式的な段面図である。
負極集電体にはアルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金を用いることができる。例えば銅を用いると比重の差から電池が重くなるため、好ましくない。また、プレス後の集電体のゆがみが正極のアルミニウム集電体と整合しないため、正極と負極の層間に不要な空隙が生まれ、電解液の含浸を阻害するため、好ましくない。
正極集電体は、例えば、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金から形成される。アルミニウム合金としては、マグネシウム、亜鉛、ケイ素、などの元素を含む合金が好ましい。アルミニウム箔の純度は99%以上が好ましい。一方、正極集電体における鉄、銅、ニッケル、クロムなどの遷移金属の含有量は1%以下にすることが好ましい。
セパレータには多孔質セパレータを用いる。多孔質セパレータとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、セルロース、またはポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を含む多孔質フィルム、合成樹脂製不織布等を挙げることができる。中でも、ポリエチレンか、あるいはポリプロピレン、または両者からなる多孔質フィルムは、二次電池の安全性を向上できるため、好ましい。
非水電解質には、電解質を有機溶媒に溶解することにより調製される非水電解液を使用することができる。また、非水電解質として、リチウムイオンを含有した常温溶融塩も用いることができる。
なお、これらのカチオンを有する常温溶融塩は、単独で用いてもよく、または2種以上混合して用いても良い。
第2の実施形態に係る電池パックは、第1の実施形態に係る非水電解質電池を備える。非水電解質電池の数は複数にすることができる。第1の実施形態に係る非水電解質電池を単電池とし、単電池を電気的に直列もしくは並列に接続し、組電池を構成することが望ましい。
第3の実施形態に係る自動車は、第2の実施形態に係る電池パックを備えているため、駆動源の特性維持に優れる。ここでいう自動車としては、二輪〜四輪のハイブリッド電気自動車、二輪〜四輪の電気自動車、アシスト自転車などが挙げられる。
図17及び図18には、第4の実施形態に係る充電式掃除機の一例を示す。充電式掃除機は、運転モードを選ぶ操作部75、集塵するための吸引力を生み出すファンモータ等で構成された電動送風装置74および制御回路73を備える。これらを駆動する電源として第2の実施形態に係る電池パック72が掃除機の筐体70内に収容されている。このような可搬式装置に電池パックを収容する場合、振動による影響を避けるため緩衝材を介して電池パックを固定することが望ましい。また、電池パックを適正な温度に維持するために、周知の技術を適用することができる。置き台兼用の充電器71は、充電器機能の一部または全部が筐体70内に収容されていても構わない。
負極は以下のように作製した。
かつ負極の先端部が正極の先端部とこれより1周後の正極との間に位置し、正極の先端部の頂点が負極の先端部の頂点よりも先行するように渦巻き状に捲回した。これを90℃で加熱プレスすることにより、前述した図3に示す構造を有し、幅が72mmで、厚さTが1.5mm、高さHが8cmの偏平状電極群を作製した。電極群高さHの端部から正極先端部の頂点までの距離は1cmであり、電極群の厚さTの1/2(0.75mm)よりも大きかった。これは、正極の先端部が、電極群高さHの端部から電極群厚さTの1/2以上の距離をもった部分Bに配置されていることを意味している。さらに、正極の先端部の頂点と負極の先端部の頂点との距離Cは5mm(0.5cm)であった。よって、負極の先端部は、正極が最初に折れ曲がる部分よりも先行していた。
負極集電体の長辺側両端部の幅、負極集電体厚さ比、負極活物質含有層の短辺方向の最大幅G、負極の先端部の長さF、電極群高さHの端部と正極先端部の頂点との距離、正極先端部の頂点と負極先端部の頂点との距離Cを下記表1,2に示すように設定すること以外は、前述した実施例1と同様にして電池を作製し、試験も同様に行った。
負極活物質として、N2吸着でのBET法による比表面積が3m2/gで、ラムスデライト構造を有し、Li2Ti3O7で表されるチタン酸リチウム粒子を用いること以外は、前述した実施例1と同様にして電池を作製し、試験も同様に行った。なお、負極の平均作動電位は、1.6Vで、アルミニウムのリチウム合金化電位よりも高かった。
負極活物質として、N2吸着でのBET法による比表面積が2m2/gで、FeSで表される硫化鉄粒子を用いること以外は、前述した実施例1と同様にして電池を作製し、試験も同様に行った。なお、負極の平均作動電位は、1.4Vで、アルミニウムのリチウム合金化電位よりも高かった。
非水電解質に溶融塩である1M濃度のLiBF4を含むEMI・BF4を用いた以外は実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、試験も同様に行った。なお、非水電解質の20℃での粘度は30cpであった。
負極の先端部の頂点を正極の先端部の頂点よりも先行させ、また、負極集電体の長辺側両端部の幅、負極集電体厚さ比、負極活物質含有層の短辺方向の最大幅G、負極の先端部の長さFを下記表1,2に示すように設定すること以外は、前述した実施例1と同様にして電池を作製し、試験も同様に行った。なお、電極群高さHの端部と負極先端部の頂点との距離は3cmにし、正極先端部の頂点と負極先端部の頂点との距離は10mmにした。
負極集電体として銅箔を用いることと、負極集電体厚さ比を下記表2に示すように設定すること以外は、比較例1と同様に電池を作製し、試験も同様に行った。
正極8の先端部14の形状と負極9の先端部18の形状を、図19に例示されるように、正負極の活物質含有層13,17の短辺方向の最大幅の1/2に相当する位置(直線Lで示す)を境にして二つの二等辺三角形が並んでいる形状にすることを除いて、実施例1とほぼ同様の構成の電池を作成した場合、捲回時によれが発生し、これによりコイル作成後のプレス時にセパレータに穴が開いてショートが発生したため、電池作製が不可能となった。比較例3で用いた正負極8,9の先端部14,18の形状は、位置Lに対して線対称な形状であるものの、位置L上にない頂点Zが2つ存在する先割れ形状であり、先端部14,18の強度が不足したためと推測される。
Claims (7)
- 夫々帯状である正極と負極とがセパレータを介して扁平状に捲回された電極群と、前記電極群に保持される非水電解質とを具備する非水電解質電池であって、
前記負極は、アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金製の負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の少なくとも幅方向両端部を除いて形成され、アルミニウムのリチウム合金化電位よりも負極平均作動電位が高くなる負極活物質を含む負極活物質含有層とを含み、
前記負極は、前記負極の長さ方向の一端に、頂点に向かって幅が漸減する先端部を有し、前記先端部は、前記負極活物質含有層の最大幅の1/2に相当する位置に前記頂点が存在し、かつ前記位置に対して対称な形状を有し、
前記負極の前記先端部は、前記正極の巻き始めの部分とこれよりも1周後の正極との間に、前記頂点が前記巻き始めの部分よりも後方に位置するように配置されていることを特徴とする非水電解質電池。 - 前記正極は、前記正極の長さ方向の一端に、頂点に向かって幅が漸減する先端部を有し、前記先端部は、前記正極活物質含有層の最大幅の1/2に相当する位置に前記頂点が存在し、かつ前記位置に対して対称な形状を有し、
前記負極の前記先端部は、前記正極の前記先端部とこれよりも1周後の前記正極との間に、前記負極の前記先端部の前記頂点が前記正極の前記先端部の前記頂点よりも後方に位置するように配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解質電池。 - 前記正極の前記先端部は、前記電極群の捲回軸と平行な端部から前記電極群の厚さの1/2以上の距離を有する部分に配置され、前記正極の前記先端部の前記頂点と前記負極の前記先端部の前記頂点との距離は、0.5mm以上、50mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記負極活物質の比表面積は、1m2/g以上、10m2/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記非水電解質は、20℃での粘度が5cp以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池。
- 請求項1〜5いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池を具備することを特徴とする電池パック。
- 請求項1〜5いずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池を具備することを特徴とする自動車。
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US12/047,857 US20080241687A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-13 | Nonaqueous electrolyte battery, battery pack and vehicle |
KR1020080028996A KR100936859B1 (ko) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-28 | 비수전해질 전지, 전지팩 및 자동차 |
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