JP4268931B2 - 冷蔵・冷凍設備及びその制御方法 - Google Patents
冷蔵・冷凍設備及びその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
「冷凍空調設備」,June,1998,Vol.25,No.6,「凝縮圧力無制限式省エネルギー冷凍・冷蔵設備」p17−p25
冷媒の凝縮圧力395kPa(abs)−液配管の圧力損失26kPa−膨張弁の圧力降下190kPa−分流器の圧力降下79kPa=蒸発圧力100kPa
となり、冷凍能力Φ0=15kWで凝縮圧力は圧力降下量に必要な適正な圧力値を得ている。
tm=中間温度(℃)
t0=蒸発温度(℃)
tk=凝縮温度(℃)
VL=低段側圧縮機の押しのけ量(m3/h)
VH=高段側圧縮機の押しのけ量(m3/h)
であり、前記凝縮温度tkとは、外気によって凝縮する冷媒の温度のことである。
ノズル16の圧力降下・・・56kPa,
チューブ17の圧力降下・・・23kPa
圧力降下の合計・・・79kPa
となる。この例によれば、ノズル16とチューブ17の圧力降下の合計は、凝縮温度tk=−7℃のときに79kPaであり、分流可能範囲である。また、冷媒液温度が−25℃となる凝縮温度は−7℃で、蒸発温度に至る圧力降下は、冷媒受液器2出口から膨張弁19手前の液配管の圧力損失と、膨張弁19での圧力降下、さらに分流器ノズル16とチューブ17の圧力降下を加算して390kPa(abs)である。一方、凝縮温度が高い夏季は、表1の右側に示すように、分流器15で139kPaの圧力降下が生じるが凝縮温度が+30℃,相当圧力は1192kPa(abs)であるから、冷媒液温度が低くなる時期の最低値を基準とした選定を行なっても、夏季の運転において全く支障がないことが分かる。
(1)前記実施例は、本発明を二段圧縮式冷凍機を備えた冷凍倉庫に適用したものであるが、他の冷蔵・冷凍設備一般に対して、同様に適用可能である。
(2)冷媒蒸発温度が−30℃以上で単段圧縮機を使用した比較的温度の高い冷凍設備においては、凝縮温度から一定比率の過冷却分を考慮すれば、より平易に凝縮圧力を最適制御できる。
(3)満液式冷凍装置にあっては、冷媒液配管並びに膨張弁の圧力降下量のみで凝縮圧力を最適に制御することができる。
(4)冷水機(チラー)など蒸発温度が0℃近辺で運用する冷凍設備であっても、蒸発温度と凝縮圧力の差を250kPa程度で制御可能であるから、大きな節電効果が得られる。
(5)前記実施例に加えて、設計時における冷媒の液温度と、実際の液温度にずれが生じた場合に、そのずれを補正し、冷媒の液温度を設計値に近づけるように制御してもよい。
2:冷媒受液器
3:中間冷却器
4:ドライヤ
5:膨張弁
6:電磁弁
7:サイトグラス
8:空冷コンデンサ
9:ファン
10:モータ
11:電磁開閉器
12:インバータ
13:ユニットクーラ
14:ファン
15:分流器
16:ノズル
17:チューブ
18:サクションヘッダ
19:膨張弁
20:膨張弁過熱度コントローラ
21:膨張弁用温度センサ
22:膨張弁用圧力センサ
23:凝縮圧力最適制御ユニット
24:液温度センサ
25:蒸発温度センサ
26:冷媒温度センサ
27:ユニットクーラ空気吸い込み側温度センサ
28:圧力センサ
Claims (12)
- 冷媒の凝縮手段,膨張手段,蒸発手段,圧縮手段を備えており、前記膨張手段が膨張弁及び冷媒分流器を含む冷蔵・冷凍設備であって、
前記膨張手段の膨張弁の入口における冷媒の液温度を検知する第1の温度検知手段,
前記膨張手段の冷媒分流器の出口における冷媒の蒸発温度を検知する第2の温度検知手段,
前記第1の温度検知手段によって検知された冷媒の液温度と、前記第2の温度検知手段によって検知された冷媒の蒸発温度を参照して、前記膨張手段における圧力降下量を演算し、その演算結果に基づいて、前記凝縮手段を制御する制御手段,
を備えており、
前記制御手段は、
前記膨張手段において冷媒が蒸発温度に至るための最低の前記冷媒分流器の圧力降下量と、前記冷媒の蒸発温度が高くなったときの最小の前記冷媒分流器の圧力降下量とを、圧力降下算出手段によって算出し、
前記最低の圧力降下量及び前記最小の圧力降下量から、最適な圧力値を演算し、
該演算した最適な圧力値を目標として、その演算結果を得るために必要な冷媒の凝縮圧力が最低限得られるように、前記凝縮手段における冷媒の凝縮温度ないし凝縮圧力を最適制御する,
ことを特徴とする冷蔵・冷蔵設備。 - 前記制御手段が、前記必要な冷媒の凝縮圧力よりもやや高い凝縮圧力が得られるように、前記凝縮手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項1記載の冷蔵・冷凍設備。
- 前記制御手段が、通常の規制値より冷媒の凝縮温度が低下する期間においては、前記冷媒の蒸発圧力と、前記凝縮手段による凝縮圧力との差が、250kPa程度まで制御を行なうことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の冷蔵・冷凍設備。
- 前記制御手段が、前記冷媒分流器の圧力降下を直接測定し、この測定値が分流可能範囲を下回るときは、前記凝縮手段の凝縮圧力が最適値に近づくように制御することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の冷蔵・冷凍設備。
- 冷媒の凝縮手段,膨張手段,蒸発手段,圧縮手段を備えており、前記膨張手段が膨張弁及び冷媒分流器を含む冷蔵・冷凍設備の制御方法であって、
前記膨張手段の膨張弁の入口における冷媒の液温度と、前記膨張手段の冷媒分流器の出口における冷媒の蒸発温度を参照して、前記膨張手段における圧力降下量を演算し、その演算結果に基づいて前記凝縮手段を制御する際に、
前記膨張手段において冷媒が蒸発温度に至るための最低の前記冷媒分流器の圧力降下量と、前記冷媒の蒸発温度が高くなったときの最小の前記冷媒分流器の圧力降下量とを算出するステップ1,
このステップ1によって算出された前記最低の圧力降下量及び前記最小の圧力降下量から、最適な圧力値を演算するステップ2,
このステップ2によって演算した最適な圧力値を目標として、その演算結果を得るために必要な冷媒の凝縮圧力が最低限得られるように、前記凝縮手段における冷媒の凝縮温度ないし凝縮圧力を最適制御するステップ3,
を含むことを特徴とする冷蔵・冷蔵設備の制御方法。 - 前記ステップ3が、前記必要な冷媒の凝縮圧力よりもやや高い凝縮圧力が得られるように、前記凝縮手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項5記載の冷蔵・冷凍設備の制御方法。
- 通常の規制値より冷媒の凝縮温度が低下する期間においては、前記冷媒の蒸発圧力と、前記凝縮手段による凝縮圧力との差が、250kPa程度となるように制御を行なうことを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の冷蔵・冷凍設備の制御方法。
- 前記冷媒分流器の圧力降下を直接測定し、この測定値が分流可能範囲を下回るときは、前記凝縮手段の凝縮圧力が最適値に近づくように制御することを特徴とする請求項5〜7のいずれか1項に記載の冷蔵・冷凍設備の制御方法。
- 前記冷媒の蒸発温度と、庫内の室温との差の変化を検出して、前記凝縮手段における冷媒の凝縮圧力を調節することを特徴とする請求項5〜8のいずれか1項に記載の冷蔵・冷凍設備の制御方法。
- 前記膨張弁の開度が全開に近い状態にもかかわらず冷媒の過熱度が逓増的に増加する場合に、冷媒の凝縮圧力を高める制御を行なうことを特徴とする請求項5〜9のいずれか1項に記載の冷蔵・冷凍設備の制御方法。
- 前記膨張弁の手前の設計時における冷媒の液温度と実際の液温度それぞれを検知し、両者にずれが生じた場合に、そのずれを補正することを特徴とする請求項10記載の冷蔵・冷凍設備の制御方法。
- 前記冷媒の蒸発温度と、庫内の室温との差TDを、1.5〜3℃で運転することを特徴とする請求項5〜11のいずれか1項に記載の冷蔵・冷凍設備の制御方法。
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JP2004382995A JP4268931B2 (ja) | 2004-12-30 | 2004-12-30 | 冷蔵・冷凍設備及びその制御方法 |
US11/319,698 US7841195B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2005-12-29 | Refrigeration apparatus and method for controlling the same |
EP05028730.9A EP1684034B1 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2005-12-30 | Refrigeration apparatus and method for controlling the same |
ES05028730.9T ES2491167T3 (es) | 2004-12-30 | 2005-12-30 | Aparato de refrigeración y procedimiento para controlar el mismo |
US12/910,355 US8640473B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2010-10-22 | Refrigeration apparatus and method for controlling the same |
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GB2474696B (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2013-03-13 | Hubbard Products Ltd | Refrigeration plant and methods of control therefor |
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EP2568247B1 (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2019-04-10 | LG Electronics Inc. | Air conditioner |
WO2013081132A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-06 | 株式会社サムスン横浜研究所 | 空気調和機 |
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JP5874754B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-31 | 2016-03-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
US20170100985A1 (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | Ritchie Engineering Company, Inc. | Refrigeration efficiency monitoring system |
CN106671728A (zh) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-17 | 福特环球技术公司 | 空调系统及其控制方法 |
US11364769B2 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2022-06-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle cabin thermal management system and control methods |
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US8640473B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 |
EP1684034A2 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
JP2006189176A (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
US20060162355A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
ES2491167T3 (es) | 2014-09-05 |
US7841195B2 (en) | 2010-11-30 |
US20110035062A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
EP1684034B1 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
EP1684034A3 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
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