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JP4263405B2 - 生物医学的外科手術の器具アレイ - Google Patents

生物医学的外科手術の器具アレイ Download PDF

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JP4263405B2
JP4263405B2 JP2001504293A JP2001504293A JP4263405B2 JP 4263405 B2 JP4263405 B2 JP 4263405B2 JP 2001504293 A JP2001504293 A JP 2001504293A JP 2001504293 A JP2001504293 A JP 2001504293A JP 4263405 B2 JP4263405 B2 JP 4263405B2
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instrument
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catheter
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インガナース,オッレ
ヤーゲル,エドヴィン
セルビング,アンデッシュ
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マイクロマッスル アーベー
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/22Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; for invasive removal or destruction of calculus using mechanical vibrations; for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B17/221Gripping devices in the form of loops or baskets for gripping calculi or similar types of obstructions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/122Clamps or clips, e.g. for the umbilical cord
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/128Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord for applying or removing clamps or clips
    • A61B17/1285Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord for applying or removing clamps or clips for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00345Micromachines, nanomachines, microsystems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00867Material properties shape memory effect
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00867Material properties shape memory effect
    • A61B2017/00871Material properties shape memory effect polymeric
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels or umbilical cord
    • A61B17/12022Occluding by internal devices, e.g. balloons or releasable wires
    • A61B2017/1205Introduction devices
    • A61B2017/12054Details concerning the detachment of the occluding device from the introduction device
    • A61B2017/1209Details concerning the detachment of the occluding device from the introduction device detachable by electrical current or potential, e.g. electroactive polymer
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents

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Description

【0001】
発明の分野
本発明は、カテーテルまたは針を通して、またはカテーテルまたは針により操作できる微小な外科手術用器具に関する。これらの器具は、外科手術中または外科手術後に、生物構造体の身体の内部への適応、組立、分離、強化、拡張、閉鎖および保持のために使用できる。これらの器具はステント、弁、クリップ、ネット、ナイフ、はさみ、拡張器、クランプや鉗子などである。
【0002】
発明の概要
外科手術中または外科手術後に生物構造体を身体の内部に組立、強化または拡張するため微小構造物を使用することは沢山の方法で外科手術を助けることができる。電気的に操作される器具は同時に配置、手作業および観察の実行を助けることができる。器具を手によって位置決めし且つそれを外部制御装置(すなわち、フットスイッチ、ボイスコントロールやその他のソフトウェアコントロール)を介して個々に操作することにより、非常に高度の正確さが予期される。このことは微小外科手術において特に望ましい利点である。
【0003】
侵襲性処置の前または侵襲性処置中に、切断、穿孔、保持、拡張、縫合、適用や支持の目的で計画されている必要寸法形状の器具を使用できるようにするため、例えばカテーテルまたは針を通じて導入し、その内部または端部に配置することができる器具は、マイクロアクチュエータの開発を必要とする、もう一つの望ましい機能である。
【0004】
カテーテルや針の中、またはカテーテルや針を通じて導入される構造体の使用は、挿入後にその場所に残されるべき器具、およびそれら構造体の機能を或る一定期間保持できなければならない器具の使用について特に効果的である。第1例は、例えば治癒期間中分離した2個の生物構造体を結合して保持するために使用される1mm前後の外科手術用構造体のためのクリップである(図1a−図1c)。
【0005】
第2例は血管の中の血流を制御する構造体の例である。最も簡単な例は血流が該血流内の下流にある生物構造体への流れを阻止するために使用されるクリップである。このような1個のクリップまたは一連のクリップは血管に堅固なグリップを保持するために取り付けられて、血流を阻止するためそのまま残される。図2に血管を締めつけるのに適する一連の構造体を示す。
【0006】
第3例はチューブ状の内側や外側に使用できる形状に作られた構造、いわゆるステントのように狭窄域を拡張するためまたは構造体の強化や結合のための構造を備えた一層複雑なレベルにある(図5a、図5b)。ステントは管の内側に配置され、次にそこに残されて狭窄(例えば血管、集合胆管)を拡張するか、または管状構造体の弱部(例えば動脈瘤、分割された集合胆管)を強化するため使用されるので特に重要である。
【0007】
フィンガーの列は円筒形物体、例えば神経または神経繊維を保持するために使用される。構造体を保持するマイクロアクチュエータの助けにより(図3a、3b)、神経の感知用または活性用電極として作動する近接の微小構造体は神経から来る信号を記録しまたは神経を活動させる。これは切断された神経や神経繊維を橋絡させる人造の神経コネクターとして使用されることができる。
【0008】
一時的な機械的作用を有する要素を膜に挿入することができる(図4a−図4c)。この形式の挿入装置は圧力の平衡作用のため耳外科に通常使用されているような膜の貫通孔の形成に使用することができる。これらを微小装置として製作することは、挿入装置の設置および除去するための労力を減少させ且つこれらを希望の期間中設備しておくための労力を減少させる。
【0009】
クリップ、ステントや指のアレーおよび挿入装置は再吸収性があり、また永続性がある。これらのものはその表面に各種段階の細胞成長性と各種段階の抗血栓性と異なる抗生物性を示す。また、これらは各種の生化学成分や生物学成分のキャリアであって差支えない。
【0010】
これらの機能を果たす必要要素は薄い金属層とポリマー層(Elisabeth Smela、Olle Inganas and Ingemar Lundstrom:"Controlled Folding of Micron-size Structures",Science 268(1995)pp.1735-1738 )またはポリマー層のみをミクロ機械加工することにより作られる電気化学的活性化微小筋である。これらのアクチュエータはマイクロメートルからセンチメートルまでの大きさに製作することができ、且つ血漿、血液、緩衝液、尿のような生物学的流体の中でうまく作動する。故に、これらは身体の中の微小侵襲性外科手術用器具として適している。
【0011】
構成の融通性および応答速度はアクチュエータの力と同様にこれらのアクチュエータを身体の中の最良形式のマイクロアクチュエータの一つにしている。国際特許がこのような装置の一つの製造方法を開示している(A Elisabeth Smela、Olle InganasおよびIngemar Lundstromの"Methods for the fabrication of micromachined structures and micromachined structures manufactured using such methods "と題する、後に国際出願された、1995年3月10日に出願のスウェーデン国特許出願第9500849−6号)
従来の技術
マイクロアクチュエータとカテーテルとの結合は上記文献には十分に開示されていない。特許調査によれば少数例が開示されているが、マイクロアクチュエータをカテーテル内で使用する器具としての記載がない。カテーテルの配置のため使用するマイクロアクチュエータの数例が次の特許に記載されている。
【0012】
米国特許第5771902号Micromachined actuators/sensors for intratubular positioning/steering
米国特許第5819749号Microvalve
国際特許出願公開第9837816A1号Microfabricated therapeutic acttuators
国際特許出願公開第9739688A2号Meyhod and apparatus for delivery of anappliance in a vessel
国際特許出願公開第9739674A1号Spring based multi-purpose medical instrument
米国特許第5855565号Cardiovascular mechanically expanding catheter
これらの特許で数個の機構が提案されており、その中に形状記憶合金(高分子材料を含む)と圧電性材料が存在する。マイクロマッスル(micromuscle )すなわち微小筋の中に共役ポリマー(conjugated polymers )を使用することがカテーテル器具について実証されていない。よって、本発明は電気的に作動され且つ針の中や外に取り付けられカテーテルの助けにより位置決めされ、次に針に支持されているマイクロアクチュエータ構造体を作動させる共役ポリマーによるマイクロアクチュエータを使用することにある。このようなマイクロアクチュエータの微細加工により、機械加工法では困難であった10マイクロメートル以上の多数の形状が加工できる。これらは上記特許Aに開示されている方法を使用して製作され、次に針やカテーテルに取り付けられ、または新規な製造方法により作られるであろう。本発明の助けにより全く新規な微小外科手術用器具が得られる。
【0013】
個々に作動される器具アレーの製作は個々の器具を作る場合よりも僅かに困難になり、各マイクロアクチュエータを別々に作動させるため複数の電気接点を使用しなければならない。これは1個のマイクロアクチュエータを作用電極として使用し、つぎにカテーテルを対電極として使用し、すべてのマイクロアクチュエータを作動させるに必要なすべての電力を供給できるよう配線して実施することができる。ワイヤーは容易にフォトリソグラフィーまたはソフト・リソグラフィーにより10マイクロメートル以下の幅に作られるので、1mm幅の針に配置された器具アレーに沿って少なくとも50個のマイクロアクチュエータを並列の導体ワイヤーの敷設法にしたがって置くことができる。さらに多くのマイクロアクチュエータを必要とする場合、より精巧な敷設機構が必要である。
【0014】
任意の適用例において3個の電極を必要とする場合、カテーテルハウジングに支持された微細加工の参照電極またはマクロサイズの参照電極がこの問題の解決策となる。
【0015】
器具アレーが集中配置され、且つすべてのクリップの作動時に最外部のクリップを自由にするよう器具アレーを設計する場合、最外部クリップ以外のすべてのクリップの移動を制限する機構が必要となる。これはクリップアレーを身体に挿入する前に円筒状ハウジング、好ましくはカテーテルの中に組み立てることにより達成される。かくして円筒状ハウジングはマイクロアクチュエータの運動を制限し、作動時に金属ケーシングを拡張できない。最外部クリップC1が作動されると開かれ、同様に最外部の次のクリップC2は円筒状ハウジングから突出する方向に部分的に移動する。したがって、C2の部分的な解放がC1を自由にし、同様にその後クリップされるべき位置で自然に閉まるまでそれを開いておく。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 クリップと該クリップが連続状に取り付けられているクリップアレーと円筒状ハウジングにより囲まれた地域とを示し、最外部クリップC1の作動によりクリップを上方に解放して解放構造体W1を結合し、つぎにC2の同時開放により自由にされて解放構造体W1に構造体を一緒に保持したままにすることを示す
【図2】 マイクロアクチュエータに接続した管状ピンセット、ピンセットおよびナイフを示し、矢印は適正に設計し装着されたマイクロアクチュエータにより行われる運動を示す
【図3】 円筒状神経を堅固に保持するためその周りに多数の細小フィンガーコイルを巻いた神経コネクターを示し、神経の再成長を行う目的で分離状の2本の神経が共同の神経のコネクターにより結合され、さらに神経信号を感知または刺激するため細小フィンガーコイルと共に細い電極が形成される
【図4】 膜に永久穴を一時的に作るための挿入装置を示し、この装置はカテーテル/カニューレ/針の中に収容され且つ膜に挿入されて膜の穴あけ装置を形成する
【図5】 ステント装置を示す。

Claims (25)

  1. 生物医学的外科手術の器具であって前記器具が、少なくとも一つのポリマー層に電気化学的に発生された体積変化を通じて幾何学的変化および運動を誘発するように配列された積層ポリマーの微小筋を有し
    前記器具がカニューレまたはカテーテルに挿入可能に設けられた針形状のキャリアに取り付けられており生物構造体に作用する機械的運動を誘発するため外部装置により前記器具が前記カニューレまたはカテーテルを通じて電気作動可能であることを特徴とする器具。
  2. 前記積層ポリマーが単一層のポリマーからなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の器具。
  3. 前記積層ポリマーが2層のポリマーからなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の器具。
  4. 前記積層ポリマーが多層のポリマーと金属層からなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の器具。
  5. 前記ポリマーの微小筋が複数層で作られ、その中の少なくとも1層が共役ポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  6. 前記共役ポリマーがピロール、アニリン、チオフェン、パラ−フェニレン、ビニレン、フェニレンポリマーおよび異なるモノマーの置換形態を含むコポリマーからなる群から選ばれたことを特徴とする請求項記載の器具。
  7. 前記器具が2層ポリマーからなり、前記の少なくとも1個の共役ポリマーの電気的作動による体積変化が前記2層ポリマーの曲げを生じさせるよう配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の器具。
  8. 前記器具が多層ポリマーからなり、前記の少なくとも1個の共役ポリマーの電気的作動による体積変化が前記多層ポリマーの曲げを生じさせるよう配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の器具。
  9. 前記器具が、生物構造体位置決めするために前記機械的運動を与える手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  10. 前記器具が、生物構造体を保持するために前記機械的運動を与える手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  11. 前記器具が、生物構造体切断するために前記機械的運動を与える手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  12. 前記器具が、生物構造体拡張するために前記機械的運動を与える手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  13. 前記器具が、生物構造体強化するために前記機械的運動を与える手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  14. 前記器具が、生物構造体移植するために前記機械的運動を与える手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  15. 記器具がはさみであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  16. 記器具が直線運動及び/または曲線運動ができるようアクチュエータに配置されたナイフであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項14のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  17. 記器具が直線運動及び/または曲線運動ができるようアクチュエータに配置された先鋭な針であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項14のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  18. 記器具が拡張器であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項14のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  19. 記器具がクランプであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項14のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  20. 記器具が鉗子であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項14のいずれか1項記載の器具。
  21. 器具を有する器具アレーであって、多数の同一の器具がカニューレ、カテーテルまたは針の長さ方向に延びた器具アレーに配置され、該カテーテルの出口に最も近い器具の作用が器具アレーから一つの器具を解放するように配置され且つその器具を該カテーテルの出口の先端において放置するように配置されて該器具を或る生物構造体に取り付けできるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項記載の器具アレー
  22. 多数の同一の器具がカテーテルまたは針の長さ方向に延びた器具アレーに配置され且つ各器具か個々に作動できるよう配置されていることを特徴とする請求項21記載の器具アレー
  23. 多数の異なる器具がカテーテルまたは針の長さ方向に延びた器具アレーに配置され且つ各器具か個々に作動できるよう配置されていることを特徴とする請求項21記載の器具アレー
  24. 個々の器具が生物組織や生物組織部分を結合し且つ保持するように配置され、且つ生物組織や生物組織部分を治癒可能に保持するよう配置されたことを特徴とする請求項21乃至請求項23のいずれか1項記載の器具アレー
  25. 個々の器具が収縮状態で生物チューブに挿入されるように設計され、且つ該チューブを膨張状態に保つためまたは2本またはそれ以上の生物チューブを結合するため膨張状態となるよう配置された膨張自在の円筒状物体であることを特徴とする請求項21乃至請求項23のいずれか1項記載の器具アレー
JP2001504293A 1999-06-21 2000-06-18 生物医学的外科手術の器具アレイ Expired - Fee Related JP4263405B2 (ja)

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EP1194072B9 (en) 2008-02-20
CA2377368A1 (en) 2000-12-28
BR0011808A (pt) 2002-04-23
SE519023C2 (sv) 2002-12-23
DE60036547T2 (de) 2008-06-26
SE9902348L (sv) 2000-12-22
US7331969B1 (en) 2008-02-19
EP1194072B1 (en) 2007-09-26
ES2293909T3 (es) 2008-04-01
DE60036547D1 (de) 2007-11-08
CA2377368C (en) 2009-04-14
SE9902348D0 (sv) 1999-06-21
ATE373990T1 (de) 2007-10-15
JP2003502095A (ja) 2003-01-21
US20060287644A1 (en) 2006-12-21
AU777277B2 (en) 2004-10-07
AU5863100A (en) 2001-01-09
EP1194072A1 (en) 2002-04-10

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