JP4263337B2 - Biodegradable foam and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Biodegradable foam and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP4263337B2 JP4263337B2 JP2000125149A JP2000125149A JP4263337B2 JP 4263337 B2 JP4263337 B2 JP 4263337B2 JP 2000125149 A JP2000125149 A JP 2000125149A JP 2000125149 A JP2000125149 A JP 2000125149A JP 4263337 B2 JP4263337 B2 JP 4263337B2
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics
Landscapes
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Buffer Packaging (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、食品用容器、梱包用緩衝材等に使用される生分解性樹脂発泡体及びその製造方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、食品用容器、梱包用緩衝材等には、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン等の非生分解性樹脂の発泡体が使用さる場合が多い。これらの食品容器、梱包用緩衝材等は使用後に埋設処理されることが多い。しかし、これらの非生分解性樹脂は埋設処理後に半永久的に土中に存在する。このため、埋立施設の容量を圧迫する、土壌を汚染する或いは景観を損なうという点等が問題となっている。
【０００３】
この問題を解決する方法として、生分解性樹脂と澱粉を主成分とする生分解性樹脂発泡体が開発されている。生分解性樹脂と澱粉を主成分とする生分解性樹脂発泡体は、土中で経時的に分解される為、上記の問題を解決することが期待できる。しかし、生分解性樹脂と澱粉を主成分とする生分解性樹脂発泡体は耐湿性に劣るという問題点を持っている。
【０００４】
即ち、生分解性樹脂発泡体では、通常の温湿度条件下においても経時的に大気中の湿気を吸収し粘着性を帯びる或いは変形するという問題が生じる。また、高温多湿条件下では、より短時間で同様の問題が生じる。
このため、生分解性樹脂と澱粉を主成分とする生分解性樹脂発泡体はその使用条件や使用環境が限定される。
【０００５】
例えば、特開平８−５９８９２号公報、特開平９−２８６８７０号公報等に生分解性樹脂と澱粉を主成分とする発泡体が開示去れている。しかし、何れの発泡体も経時的に粘着性を帯びる或いは変形するという問題を有する為、十分な耐湿性を有しているとは言い難い。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明の目的は、高い耐湿性を有し、食品容器、梱包用緩衝材等として有用な生分解性樹脂発泡体及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく検討を重ねた結果、脂肪族ポリエステルに、澱粉系物質及び植物粉粒体を加え、必要に応じ発泡剤としての水を加え、また必要に応じ発泡核剤としての無機物粉を加えた組成物を、加熱溶融した後に、圧力を下げ発泡成形して得られる生分解性樹脂発泡体が優れた耐湿性を有することを見出し本発明に至った。
【０００８】
本発明は、脂肪族ポリエステル１００重量部に対し、澱粉系物質及び植物粉粒体を（ａ）澱粉系物質配合量と植物粉粒体配合量の合計が５０〜４００重量部であり、且つ（ｂ）植物粉粒体配合量が澱粉系物質配合量と植物粉粒体配合量の合計の２０〜８０重量％になるように加え、必要に応じ発泡剤としての水を５０重量部以下加え、また必要に応じ発泡核剤としての無機物粉を３０重量部以下加えた組成物を、加圧下で加熱、溶融した後に、圧力を下げ発泡成形して得られる生分解性樹脂発泡体である。
前記生分解性樹脂発泡体において、前記脂肪族ポリエステルがポリ乳酸であることが好ましい。また、前記生分解性樹脂発泡体において、前記植物粉粒体が竹粉及び／又は木粉及び／又は籾殻粉であることが好ましい。
【０００９】
本発明は、脂肪族ポリエステル１００重量部に対し、澱粉系物質及び植物粉粒体を（ａ）澱粉系物質配合量と植物粉粒体配合量の合計が５０〜４００重量部であり、且つ（ｂ）植物粉粒体配合量が澱粉系物質配合量と植物粉粒体配合量の合計の２０〜８０重量％になるように加え、必要に応じ発泡剤としての水を５０重量部以下加え、また必要に応じ発泡核剤としての無機物粉を３０重量部以下加えた組成物を、加圧下で加熱、溶融した後に、圧力を下げ発泡成形する、生分解性樹脂発泡体の製造方法である。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
脂肪族ポリエステルとしては、化学的に合成される物や微生物により合成される物が使用できる。
化学的に合成される脂肪族ポリエステルは、ヒドロキシ酸、ラクトン、二塩基酸、二塩基酸無水物、グリコール等を主原料として合成される。具体的には、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、ポリエチレンサクシネート、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリエチレンアジペート、ポリブチレンアジペート等のホモポリマー或いはこれらのコポリマー、これらのホモポリマー或いはコポリマーをウレタン結合、カーボネート結合等を導入することにより変性したもの等が挙げられる。
【００１１】
微生物により合成される脂肪族ポリエステルとしては、ポリヒドロキシバリレート、ポリヒドロキシブチレート、或いはこれらのコポリマー等が挙げられる。これらの脂肪族ポリエステルは、単独で用いることも、２種類以上を用いることもできる。
【００１２】
これらの脂肪族ポリエステルの内、より好ましくはポリ乳酸が使用できる。即ち、加水分解速度の遅いポリ乳酸を用いる場合、耐湿性がより高い発泡体が得られる。
【００１３】
澱粉系物質としては、白玉粉、米粉、上新粉、ビーフン、コーンスターチ、タピオカ澱粉、キャッサバ澱粉、くず澱粉、米澱粉、サゴ澱粉、サツマイモ澱粉、ジャガイモ澱粉或いはこれらを酸化、エーテル化、エステル化、架橋、酵素処理、温熱処理、酸処理等の方法により処理した化工澱粉等が使用できる。
これらの澱粉系物質は、単独で用いることも、２種類以上を用いることもできる。
【００１４】
植物粉粒体としては、植物の幹、枝、葉、根、種子、果実等の粉砕物が使用できる。具体的には、竹粉、木粉、籾殻粉、椰子殻粉、樹皮粉、パルプ粉、ケナフ粉、紙粉、麻粉、綿粉、トウモロコシの芯の粉砕物、落花生の殻の粉砕物等が使用できる。
これらの植物粉粒体は、単独で用いることも、２種類以上を用いることもできる。
これらの植物粉粒体の内、より好ましくは竹粉及び／又は木粉及び／又は籾殻粉を使用することができる。竹粉及び／又は木粉及び／又は籾殻粉を使用した場合、得られる発泡体の耐湿性がより高い。
【００１５】
脂肪族ポリエステル１００重量部に対して加えられる澱粉系物質及び植物粉粒体の合計配合量は５０〜４００重量部である。５０重量部より少ないと、得られる発泡体の気泡が不均一となる。また、４００重量部より多いと、得られる発泡体の耐湿性が不十分となる。
【００１６】
植物粉粒体配合量は、澱粉系物質配合量と植物粉粒体配合量の合計の２０重量％以上になるように加えられる。２０重量％未満では、得られる発泡体の耐湿性が不十分となる。一方、植物粉粒体配合量が８０重量％を越えると、得られる発泡体の気泡が不均一となる。
【００１７】
無機物粉は、得られる発泡体の気泡の微細化及び均一化の為に添加されるもので、タルク、炭酸カルシウム、マイカ、クレー、シリカ、ゼオライト、アルミナ等が使用できる。
これらの無機物粉は、単独で用いることも、２種類以上を用いることもできる。
【００１８】
無機物粉は、必要に応じて脂肪族ポリエステル１００重量部に対して、３０重量部以下の量使用される。３０重量部を超える量を使用しても、発泡体の気泡の微細化及び均一化という効果の増加は期待できない。
【００１９】
発泡剤としての水は、必要に応じて脂肪族ポリエステル１００重量部に対して、５０重量部以下の量使用される。５０重量部を超える量を使用すると、得られる発泡体が収縮する、或いは、発泡倍率が高くなりすぎ、強度が不十分となる。澱粉系物質、植物粉粒体が目的とする発泡倍率の発泡体を得る為に十分な水分を含有している場合は、この含有されている水以外に発泡剤としての水を加える必要はない。
【００２０】
また、脂肪族ポリエステル、澱粉系物質、植物粉粒体、水、無機物粉に加え、界面活性剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、難燃剤、滑剤、離型剤等を添加することもできる。
【００２１】
本発明において、組成物の発泡は従来の非生分解性樹脂の発泡と同様の方法で行われる。即ち、押出発泡機或いは射出発泡機等を用い、上記の組成物を加圧下で加熱、混合、溶融した後に、大気圧下に押し出す、或いは型内に射出すること等により圧力を下げ水蒸気圧により発泡成形して発泡体が得られる。
【００２２】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【００２３】
［実施例１］
生分解性樹脂として、ポリ乳酸（（株）島津製作所製；ラクティ９０２０）１００重量部に対し、澱粉系物質としてコーンスターチ（敷島スターチ（株）製；マーメイドＭ−２００）１３３重量部、植物粉粒体として竹粉（（株）カジノ製；８０メッシュ）１００重量部、発泡剤として水２０重量部、無機物粉としてタルク（勝光山鉱業所社製）１０重量部を混合した組成物を、１００ｋｇ／時の供給速度で二軸押出機（日立造船（株）製ＨＭＴ５７−２７；直径５７ｍｍ、Ｌ／Ｄ２７）に供給し、シリンダー設定温度１５０℃、回転数５００ｒｐｍの設定で、直径２ｍｍのダイスより押出し、連続的に円柱状の発泡体を成型した。タピオカ澱粉、竹粉、水及びタルクは事前に、高速混合ミキサーで十分に攪拌混合したものを使用した。また、成型時の二軸押出機の吐出圧は４０ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 、シリンダー内の品温は１９０℃であった。得られた発泡体の発泡倍率は４５倍で、微細で均一な気泡を有していた。また、この発泡体を温度４０℃、湿度９５％の恒温恒湿槽中に２４時間した後の、変形及び粘着性の発生はなかった。
【００２４】
［実施例２〜４及び比較例１〜４］
実施例２〜４及び比較例１〜４では、組成物の配合組成（重量部）及び発泡条件を表１の内容に変更したこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして発泡体を得た。また、得られた発泡体の評価結果を表２に示す。表２において、◎：非常に良好、○：良好、×：不良 を示す。
ポリブチレンスクシネート・アジペートとしてはビオノーレ３０１０（昭和高分子（株）製）、木粉としては１２０メッシュ品（カネキ燃料有限会社）、籾殻粉としてはセーロンファイバーＡＡ（セーロンフィラー（株）製）を使用した。
【００２５】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、高い耐湿性を有し、食品容器、梱包用緩衝材等として有用な生分解性樹脂発泡体及びその製造方法が提供される。
【００２６】
【表１】
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a biodegradable resin foam used for food containers, packing cushioning materials, and the like, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, foams of non-biodegradable resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene are often used for food containers and packing cushioning materials. These food containers and packing cushioning materials are often buried after use. However, these non-biodegradable resins exist in the soil semipermanently after the embedding process. For this reason, the point of squeezing the capacity of the landfill facility, contaminating the soil, or damaging the landscape is a problem.
[0003]
As a method for solving this problem, a biodegradable resin foam mainly composed of a biodegradable resin and starch has been developed. A biodegradable resin foam mainly composed of a biodegradable resin and starch is expected to solve the above-mentioned problems because it is decomposed over time in the soil. However, a biodegradable resin foam mainly composed of a biodegradable resin and starch has a problem that it has poor moisture resistance.
[0004]
That is, the biodegradable resin foam has a problem that it absorbs moisture in the atmosphere over time even under normal temperature and humidity conditions, and becomes sticky or deforms. In addition, similar problems occur in a shorter time under high temperature and high humidity conditions.
For this reason, the use conditions and use environment of the biodegradable resin foam mainly composed of biodegradable resin and starch are limited.
[0005]
For example, JP-A-8-59892, JP-A-9-286870 and the like disclose a foam mainly composed of a biodegradable resin and starch. However, since any foam has a problem of stickiness or deformation over time, it cannot be said that it has sufficient moisture resistance.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable resin foam having high moisture resistance and useful as a food container, a cushioning material for packing, and the like, and a method for producing the same.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of repeated investigations to solve the above problems, the present inventors have added starch-based substances and plant granules to aliphatic polyester, added water as a foaming agent as necessary, and, if necessary, The present inventors have found that a biodegradable resin foam obtained by subjecting a composition containing an inorganic powder as a foam nucleating agent to heat-melting and then subjecting the composition to foam molding by lowering pressure has excellent moisture resistance.
[0008]
In the present invention, the total amount of the starch-based substance and the plant powder is (a) the starch-based substance and the plant powder is 50 to 400 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the aliphatic polyester, and ( b) Add so that the amount of plant granule is 20 to 80% by weight of the total amount of starch based material and plant powder, and if necessary, add 50 parts by weight or less of water as a blowing agent, Further, it is a biodegradable resin foam obtained by heating and melting a composition to which 30 parts by weight or less of an inorganic powder as a foaming nucleating agent is added under pressure, followed by foam molding by lowering the pressure.
In the biodegradable resin foam, the aliphatic polyester is preferably polylactic acid. In the biodegradable resin foam, the plant powder is preferably bamboo powder and / or wood powder and / or rice husk powder.
[0009]
In the present invention, the total amount of the starch-based substance and the plant powder is (a) the starch-based substance and the plant powder is 50 to 400 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the aliphatic polyester, and ( b) Add so that the amount of plant granule is 20 to 80% by weight of the total amount of starch based material and plant powder, and if necessary, add 50 parts by weight or less of water as a blowing agent, In addition, it is a method for producing a biodegradable resin foam, in which a composition to which 30 parts by weight or less of an inorganic powder as a foam nucleating agent is added is heated and melted under pressure, and then subjected to foam molding by lowering the pressure.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As the aliphatic polyester, a chemically synthesized product or a product synthesized by microorganisms can be used.
Chemically synthesized aliphatic polyesters are synthesized using hydroxy acid, lactone, dibasic acid, dibasic acid anhydride, glycol or the like as a main raw material. Specifically, homopolymers or copolymers thereof such as polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polyethylene succinate, polybutylene succinate, polyethylene adipate, polybutylene adipate, urethane bonds of these homopolymers or copolymers, carbonates Examples thereof include those modified by introducing a bond or the like.
[0011]
Examples of the aliphatic polyester synthesized by microorganisms include polyhydroxyvalerate, polyhydroxybutyrate, and copolymers thereof. These aliphatic polyesters can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0012]
Of these aliphatic polyesters, polylactic acid can be used more preferably. That is, when polylactic acid having a low hydrolysis rate is used, a foam having higher moisture resistance can be obtained.
[0013]
As starch-based substances, white flour, rice flour, fresh powder, rice noodles, corn starch, tapioca starch, cassava starch, waste starch, rice starch, sago starch, sweet potato starch, potato starch or these are oxidized, etherified, esterified and crosslinked Chemically modified starch treated by a method such as enzyme treatment, thermothermal treatment, acid treatment or the like can be used.
These starch-based substances can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0014]
As plant powders, pulverized products such as plant trunks, branches, leaves, roots, seeds and fruits can be used. Specifically, bamboo powder, wood powder, rice husk powder, coconut shell powder, bark powder, pulp powder, kenaf powder, paper powder, hemp powder, cotton powder, corn core pulverized material, peanut shell pulverized material, etc. Can be used.
These plant powders can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Among these plant powder granules, more preferably, bamboo powder and / or wood powder and / or rice husk powder can be used. When bamboo powder and / or wood powder and / or rice husk powder are used, the resulting foam has higher moisture resistance.
[0015]
The total amount of starch-based material and plant powder added to 100 parts by weight of aliphatic polyester is 50 to 400 parts by weight. When the amount is less than 50 parts by weight, the foam of the obtained foam becomes non-uniform. On the other hand, when the amount is more than 400 parts by weight, the resulting foam has insufficient moisture resistance.
[0016]
The plant powder / granule compounding amount is added so as to be 20% by weight or more of the total of the starch-based substance compounding amount and the plant powder / granule compounding amount. If it is less than 20% by weight, the resulting foam has insufficient moisture resistance. On the other hand, if the blended amount of the plant powder exceeds 80% by weight, the bubbles of the obtained foam become non-uniform.
[0017]
The inorganic powder is added to make the foam of the obtained foam fine and uniform, and talc, calcium carbonate, mica, clay, silica, zeolite, alumina and the like can be used.
These inorganic powders can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0018]
The inorganic powder is used in an amount of 30 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the aliphatic polyester as necessary. Even if an amount exceeding 30 parts by weight is used, it is not possible to expect an increase in the effect of making the bubbles of the foam finer and uniform.
[0019]
Water as a blowing agent is used in an amount of 50 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of aliphatic polyester as necessary. If an amount exceeding 50 parts by weight is used, the resulting foam shrinks or the expansion ratio becomes too high, and the strength becomes insufficient. If the starch-based substance or plant powder contains sufficient water to obtain a foam with the desired expansion ratio, it is not necessary to add water as a foaming agent in addition to the contained water. .
[0020]
In addition to aliphatic polyesters, starch-based substances, plant powders, water, and inorganic powders, surfactants, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, flame retardants, lubricants, mold release agents, and the like can also be added.
[0021]
In the present invention, the foaming of the composition is performed in the same manner as the foaming of the conventional non-biodegradable resin. That is, using an extrusion foaming machine or an injection foaming machine, the above composition is heated, mixed, and melted under pressure, and then the pressure is reduced by steam pressure by extruding it under atmospheric pressure or injecting it into a mold. A foam is obtained by foam molding.
[0022]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0023]
[Example 1]
As a biodegradable resin, 100 parts by weight of polylactic acid (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation; Lacty 9020), and 133 parts by weight of corn starch (manufactured by Shikishima Starch; Mermaid M-200) as a starch-based material, plant powder A composition in which 100 parts by weight of bamboo powder (manufactured by Casino Co., Ltd .; 80 mesh) as a body, 20 parts by weight of water as a foaming agent, and 10 parts by weight of talc (manufactured by Katsumiyama Mining Co., Ltd.) as an inorganic powder was mixed at 100 kg / Supply to a twin screw extruder (Hitachi Zosen Co., Ltd. HMT57-27; diameter 57mm, L / D27) at a feed rate at the time, and extrusion from a die with a diameter of 2mm at a cylinder setting temperature of 150 ° C and a rotation speed of 500rpm. A cylindrical foam was continuously formed. Tapioca starch, bamboo powder, water, and talc were used after thoroughly stirring and mixing with a high-speed mixing mixer. Moreover, the discharge pressure of the twin screw extruder at the time of molding was 40 kg / cm 2 , and the product temperature in the cylinder was 190 ° C. The obtained foam had an expansion ratio of 45 times and had fine and uniform bubbles. Further, neither deformation nor stickiness occurred after the foam was kept in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 40 ° C. and a humidity of 95% for 24 hours.
[0024]
[Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4]
In Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, foams were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition (parts by weight) of the composition and the foaming conditions were changed to the contents shown in Table 1. The evaluation results of the obtained foam are shown in Table 2. In Table 2, ◎: very good, ◯: good, x: poor.
Bionore 3010 (manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) as polybutylene succinate adipate, 120 mesh product (Kaneki Fuel Co., Ltd.) as wood flour, Seylon Fiber AA (Seiron Filler Co., Ltd.) as rice husk powder Made).
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it has high moisture resistance, and a biodegradable resin foam useful as a food container, a packing cushioning material, etc. and its manufacturing method are provided.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000125149A JP4263337B2 (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2000-04-26 | Biodegradable foam and method for producing the same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000125149A JP4263337B2 (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2000-04-26 | Biodegradable foam and method for producing the same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001302835A JP2001302835A (en) | 2001-10-31 |
| JP4263337B2 true JP4263337B2 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
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| JP2000125149A Expired - Fee Related JP4263337B2 (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2000-04-26 | Biodegradable foam and method for producing the same |
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| JP (1) | JP4263337B2 (en) |
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| CN102335942A (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-02-01 | 福建冠福现代家用股份有限公司 | Method for utilizing waste bamboo and wood powder and product manufactured by method |
| CN110343294A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-18 | 田匠智造(上海)环保科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to decompose plant amylum packaging material and its preparation method and application entirely |
| CN110343397A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-18 | 汕头市雷氏塑化科技有限公司 | A kind of bamboo powder full-biodegradable material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102335942A (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-02-01 | 福建冠福现代家用股份有限公司 | Method for utilizing waste bamboo and wood powder and product manufactured by method |
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| CN110343294A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-18 | 田匠智造(上海)环保科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to decompose plant amylum packaging material and its preparation method and application entirely |
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