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JP4245832B2 - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4245832B2
JP4245832B2 JP2001309494A JP2001309494A JP4245832B2 JP 4245832 B2 JP4245832 B2 JP 4245832B2 JP 2001309494 A JP2001309494 A JP 2001309494A JP 2001309494 A JP2001309494 A JP 2001309494A JP 4245832 B2 JP4245832 B2 JP 4245832B2
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tbn
composition
lubricating oil
oil
gas
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JP2001309494A
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JP2002161292A (en
Inventor
ダン アドリアン
シャンバール ローラン
ガーナー テレンス
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インフィニューム インターナショナル リミテッド
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M163/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/48Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M129/54Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/12Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16Amides; Imides
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    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
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    • C10M137/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04Phosphate esters
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    • C10M159/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12Reaction products
    • C10M159/20Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/22Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
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    • C10M159/12Reaction products
    • C10M159/20Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/24Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
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    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
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  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

A gas-fuelled engine lubricating oil composition has a TBN in the range of 2 to 20 and comprises: (A) oil of lubricating viscosity; (B) a salicylate detergent having a TBN of 250 or less; (C) a detergent having a TBN of greater than 250; (D) an ashless dispersant; and (E) an anti-wear additive; i

Description

【0001】
(産業上の利用分野)
本発明は、ガス燃料型エンジンの潤滑に関する。
(背景技術)
ガス燃料型エンジンは、時にはガス燃焼型エンジンまたは単にガスエンジンとも称され、公知であり、オイルおよびガス工業において、例えば、精製プラント内およびガスタンカー上の天然ガスパイプラインのポンプステーション、送風機および発電機を駆動させ、ガス井ヘッドにおいてまたパイプラインに沿って天然ガスを圧縮し且つ目的に応じたプラント内で電力を生産するに使用できる。これらエンジンの設計は、4行程圧縮点火設計が大部分を占めるけれども、2または4行程のスパーク(火花)点火型または圧縮点火型であり得る。天然ガスは、典型的な燃料を構成する。
これらエンジン潤滑における問題は、まず第1に、潤滑剤が高温にさらされてその酸化をもたらすこと、第2に、エンジンが比較的大量の窒素酸化物を発生させて潤滑剤のニトロ化をもたらすことである。これらの問題は、潤滑剤の稼動寿命を縮めている。
【0002】
米国特許第5,726,133号は、天然ガスエンジンオイル中で、250以下のTBNを有する少なくとも1種の第1アルカリまたはアルカリ土類金属塩またはそれらの混合物、および第1金属塩よりも中性である少なくとも1種の第2アルカリまたはアルカリ土類金属塩を含む清浄剤混合物を含む添加剤混合物を使用することによる上記問題の対処方法を開示している。
ヨーロッパ特許第0,860,495号は、NOx酸化耐性および熱酸化耐性に優れ且つガスエンジンヒートポンプにおける長寿命エンジンオイルとして適していると言われる潤滑油組成物を開示している。この組成物は、100〜195のTBNを有するサリチル酸金属塩を含み、さらに、任意構成成分として、100〜300のTBNを有するフェノール酸金属塩を含む。
【0003】
(発明が解決しようとする課題)
しかしながら、上記の点において潤滑剤性能をさらに改良すること、例えば潤滑剤の交換間隔を延長させることが要望されている。
(課題を解決するための手段)
本発明は、その各実施例において明らかなように、第1の清浄剤としての95以下のTBNを有するサリチル酸塩および250よりも大きいTBNを有する第2の清浄剤を用いることによって上記の要望に対処している。
【0004】
従って、本発明の第1の局面は、(A) 主要量の潤滑粘度を有するオイル;並びに、このオイルに各々少量で添加した(B)95以下、好ましくは85以下、より好ましくは75以下のTBNを有する1種以上のヒドロカルビル置換サリチル酸金属塩清浄剤;(C)250よりも高い、好ましくは265よりも高い、より好ましくは275よりも高いTBNを有する1種以上の金属清浄剤、好ましくはサリチル酸塩、フェノール酸塩または複合清浄剤;(D)好ましくは、無灰分分散剤のような1種以上の分散剤;および(E) 好ましくは、1種以上の耐摩耗添加剤を含むことを特徴とする2〜20のTBNを有するガス燃料型エンジン潤滑油組成物である。
【0005】
本発明の第2の局面は、ガス燃料型内燃エンジンを作動させ、そのエンジンを本発明の上記第1局面に記載の組成物によって潤滑させることを特徴とするガス燃料型内燃エンジンの潤滑方法である。
本発明の第3の局面は、ガス燃料型エンジン潤滑油組成物の酸化およびニトロ化に対する耐性を強化する方法であり、その方法は、本発明の上記第1局面に記載の添加剤(B)〜(E)を含む組成物をガス燃料型エンジン潤滑油組成物に添加する工程を含むことを特徴とする。
【0006】
“主要量”とは、本発明の組成物の50質量%を越えることを意味する。
“少量”とは、個々の添加剤または全添加剤の活性成分として計算したとき、上記の各添加剤および本発明の組成物中に存在する全添加剤の総質量%において組成物の50質量%未満であることを意味する。
“含むまたは含むこと”即ちこれらの同義語は、説明する特徴、工程、全体数または成分の存在を特定するのに使用するが、他の特徴、工程、全体数、成分またはそれらの群を排除するものではない。
“TBN(総塩基価)”は、ASTM D2896により測定したものである。
特に断らない限り、すべての割合は、質量%活性成分として、即ち、溶媒、希釈剤または他の不活性物質が存在しないものとして示す。
以下、本発明の特徴をより詳細に説明する。
【0007】
潤滑油組成物
好ましくは、本発明の潤滑剤組成物のTBNは、2.5〜20、好ましくは6.5〜20、より好ましくは6.5〜15のような2〜20の範囲にある。
【0008】
(A) 潤滑粘度を有するオイル
潤滑粘度を有するオイル(時には、潤滑油と称する)は、ガス燃料型エンジンの潤滑に適する任意のオイルであり得る。潤滑油は、動物油、植物油または鉱油であり得る。適切には、潤滑油は、ナフサ系、パラフィン系または混合系オイルのような石油系潤滑油である。また、潤滑油は、合成潤滑油であり得る。適切な合成潤滑油には、ジオクチルアジペート、ジオクチルセバケートおよびトリデシルアジペートのようなジエステル類を含む合成エステル潤滑油、または高分子炭化水素潤滑油、例えば、液状ポリイソブチレンおよびポリアルファオレフィンがある。通常、鉱油を用いる。潤滑油は、本発明組成物の60質量%以上典型的には70質量%以上を一般に構成し、100℃で2〜40例えば3〜15 mm2s-1の動粘度と80〜100例えば90〜95の粘度指数を典型的に有する。
【0009】
他の群の潤滑油は、精製工程により中質および重質留出画分を水素の存在下に高温、中圧でさらに分解させた水素化分解油である。水素化分解油は、100℃で2〜40例えば3〜15 mm2s-1の動粘度と100〜110例えば105〜108の粘度指数を典型的に有する。
潤滑油は、‘ブライトストック’を含み得る;ブライトストックは、100℃で28〜36mm2s-1の動粘度を一般に有する真空残油からの溶媒抽出脱アスファルト生成物であるベースオイルを称し、本発明組成物の質量基準で30実量%未満、好ましくは20質量%未満、より好ましくは15質量%未満、最も好ましくは5質量%のような10質量%未満の割合で典型的に使用する。
【0010】
(B)サリチル酸塩清浄剤
清浄剤は、エンジン内でのピストン付着物、例えば、高温ワニスおよびラッカー付着物の生成を低減させる添加剤である;清浄剤は、酸中和特性を有し、懸濁液中で微分割固形分を保持し得る。清浄剤は、金属“石鹸”系であり、時には界面活性剤とも称する酸性有機化合物の金属塩であり、(B)に関しては、サリチル酸である。
上記清浄剤は長鎖の疎水性尾部を有する極性ヘッドを含み、この極性ヘッドはサリチル酸の金属塩を含む。大量の金属塩基を、過剰の酸化または水酸化物のような金属化合物を二酸化炭素のような酸性ガスと反応させることによって含ませて、中和清浄剤を金属塩基(例えば、炭酸塩)ミセルの外層として含む過塩基化清浄剤を得る。
金属は、アルカリまたはアルカリ土類金属、例えば、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム、カルシウムおよびマグネシウムであり得る。カルシウムが好ましい。
【0011】
上記過塩基化金属清浄剤の界面活性剤系用の界面活性剤は、少なくとも1個のヒドロカルビル基、例えば、芳香環上の置換基として含有する。本明細書において使用するときの用語“ヒドロカルビル”は、この基が水素と炭素原子から主としてなり炭素原子を介して分子の残分に結合していることを意味するが、この基の実質的な炭化水素特性を損なうことのない割合で存在する他の原子または基を排除するものではない。有利には、本発明に従って使用する界面活性剤中のヒドロカルビル基は、直鎖状または枝分れ状であり得る脂肪族基、好ましくはアルキルまたはアルキレン基、とりわけアルキル基である。上記界面活性剤中の炭素原子の総数は、所望の油溶性を与えるのに少なくとも十分でなければならない。
【0012】
上記サリチル酸塩は、イオウ化しなくてもイオウ化してもよく、化学変性および/またはさらなる置換基を含有していてもよい。ヒドロカルビル置換サリチル酸のイオウ化方法は、当業者にとって周知である。サリチル酸は、フェノキシドのカルボシキル化、コルベ・シュミット(Kolbe-Schmitt)法によって製造し、その場合、通常希釈剤中で、未カルボキシル化フェノールとの混合物中で一般に得られる。
上記サリチル酸塩を誘導し得る油溶性サリチル酸中の好ましい置換基は、アルキル置換基である。アルキル置換サリチル酸においては、そのアルキル基は、有利には5〜100個、好ましくは9〜30個、とりわけ14〜20個の炭素原子を含有する。2個以上のアルキル基を有する場合、全アルキル基中の平均炭素原子数は、適切な油溶性を確保するために好ましくは少なくとも9個である。
本発明のガス燃料型エンジン潤滑油組成物は、95以上のTBNを有するヒドロカルビル置換サリチル酸金属塩、即ち、成分(B)を1種のみ含む。
上記サリチル酸塩は、本発明の潤滑油組成物の質量基準で0.5〜30質量%、好ましくは2〜15または20質量%範囲の割合で使用できる。
【0013】
(C)250 以上の TBN を有する金属清浄剤
使用できる界面活性剤には、サリチル酸塩、スルホン酸塩、フェノール酸塩、イオウ化フェノール酸塩、チオリン酸塩、ナフテン酸塩、油溶性カルボン酸塩または複合清浄剤がある。界面活性剤は、好ましくはサリチル酸塩、フェノール酸塩または複合清浄剤である。金属は、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム、カルシウムおよびマグネシウムのようなアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属であり得る。カルシウムが好ましい。
複合清浄剤は、アルキルフェノール酸カルシウム塩およびアルキルサリチル酸カルシウム塩のような少なくとも2種の金属清浄剤の過塩基化混合物を含む。そのような複合清浄剤は、各界面活性剤基、例えば、フェノール酸塩とサリチル酸塩を過塩基化工程中に導入させたハイブリッド物質である。複合清浄剤の例は、当該技術において開示されている。
【0014】
使用できる清浄剤のもう1つの例は、例えば下記のような、ヨーロッパ特許第750,659号に記載されているようなアルキルフェノール酸カルシウム塩とアルキルサリチル酸カルシウム塩のイオウ化され次いで過塩基化された混合物を含む:
下記に特徴を有するイオウ化され過アルカリ化されたアルカリ土類のアルキルサリチル酸塩-アルキルフェノール酸塩タイプの潤滑油用清浄剤-分散剤添加剤:
(a) 上記アルキルサリチル酸塩-アルキルフェノール酸塩の各アルキル置換基は、炭素原子数が12〜40個好ましくは18〜30個である直鎖状アルキルが少なくとも35重量%、多くとも85重量%、および炭素原子数が9〜24個好ましくは12個である枝分れアルキルが最大で65重量%の割合にある;
(b) アルキルサリチル酸塩-アルキルフェノール酸塩混合物中のアルキルサリチル酸の割合は、少なくとも22モル%、好ましくは少なくとも25モル%である;および、
(c) 全体としてのアルキルサリチル酸塩-アルキルフェノール酸塩中のアルカリのモル比は、1.0〜3.5である。
好ましくは、上記金属清浄剤(C)は、250〜500、より好ましくは260〜400範囲のTBNを有する。
【0015】
(D)分散剤
分散剤は潤滑組成物用の添加剤であり、その主たる機能は、固形および液体汚染物を懸濁液中に保持し、それによってこれら汚染物を不働化し、スラッジ沈着を低減させると同時にエンジン付着物を低減させることである。即ち、例えば、分散剤は、潤滑油使用中の酸化により生ずる油不溶性物質を懸濁液中に保持し、それによってエンジンの金属部分上へのスラッジ凝集および沈降、または付着を防止する。
注目すべき群の分散剤は、金属を含有し従って灰分形成性である物質とは対照的に、燃焼時に灰分を実質的に生成しない非金属有機物質を意味する“無灰分性”である。無灰分分散剤は、極性ヘッドを有する長鎖炭化水素を含み、その極性は、例えばO、PまたはN原子を含ませることにより誘導される。その炭化水素は、油溶性を与える親油性基であり、例えば40〜500個の炭素原子を有する。即ち、無灰分分散剤は、分散すべき粒子と会合し得る官能基を有する油溶性高分子炭化水素主鎖を含み得る。
無灰分分散剤の例は、スクシンイミド類、例えば、ポリイソブチレン無水コハク酸;およびホウ素化してもまたはホウ素化しなくてもよいポリアミン縮合生成物である。
【0016】
(E) 耐磨耗添加剤
耐磨耗添加剤は、金属系または非金属系であり得、好ましくは前者である。
ジヒドロカルビルジチオリン酸金属塩は、本発明において使用する耐磨耗添加剤の例である。ジヒドロカルビルジチオリン酸金属塩中の金属は、アルカリまたはアルカリ土類金属、アルミニウム、鉛、錫、モリブデン、マンガン、ニッケルまたは銅であり得る。本発明の潤滑油組成物の総質量基準で0.1〜1.5質量%、好ましくは0.5〜1.3質量%範囲の亜鉛塩が好ましい。亜鉛塩は、公知の方法に従って、先ずジヒドロカルビルジチオリン酸(DDPA)を、1種以上のアルコールまたはフェノールとP2S5と反応させることによって通常に調製し、次いで生成したDDPAを亜鉛化合物で中和することによって調製できる。例えば、ジチオリン酸は、第1級および第2級アルコールの混合物を反応させることによって調製できる。また、全体的に第2級であるヒドロカルビル基と全体的に第1級であるヒドロカルビル基の両方を含む複数ジチオリン酸も調製できる。亜鉛塩を調製するには、任意の塩基性または中性亜鉛化合物を使用できるが、酸化物、水酸化物および炭酸塩を最も一般的に用いる。市販の添加剤は、中和反応において過剰の塩基性亜鉛化合物を使用するために、過剰の亜鉛を多くの場合含有する。
【0017】
好ましいジヒドロカルビルジチオリン酸亜鉛塩は、ジヒドロカルビルジチオリン酸の油溶性亜鉛塩であり、下記の式によって表し得る:
[(RO)(R1O)P(S)S]2Zn
上記式中、RおよびR1は、1〜18個好ましくは2〜12個の炭素原子を含有する、アルキル、アルケニル、アリール、アリールアルキル、アルカリルおよび脂環式基のような同じまたは異なるヒドロカルビル基であり得る。RおよびR1基としてとりわけ好ましいのは、2〜8個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基である。即ち、これらの基は、例えば、エチル、n-プロピル、i-プロピル、n-ブチル、i-ブチル、sec-ブチル、アミル、n-ヘキシル、i-ヘキシル、n-オクチル、デシル、ドデシル、オクタデシル、2-エチルヘキシル、フェニル、ブチルフェニル、シクロヘキシル、メチルシクロペンチル、プロペニル、ブテニルであり得る。油溶性を得るためには、ジチオリン酸中の炭素原子の総数(即ち、RおよびR1中の)は、一般に5個以上であろう。従って、ジヒドロカルビルジチオリン酸亜鉛塩は、ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛塩を含み得る。
本発明の組成物は、任意構成成分として、少量添加した以下でさらに詳細に説明する(F)1種以上の酸化防止剤を含み得る。
【0018】
(F)酸化防止剤
説明するように、これらの酸化防止剤は、アミンまたはフェノール系である。アミンの例としては、ジアリールアミン、例えば、各フェニル基が4〜9個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基によってアルキル置換されたジフェニルアミンのような第2級芳香族アミン類を挙げることができる。酸化防止剤の例としては、モノフェノールおよびビスフェノールのようなヒンダードフェノールを挙げることができる。
好ましくは、酸化防止剤は、存在させる場合、3質量%までの量で本発明組成物中に添加する。
流動点降下剤、発泡防止剤(anti-foamant)、および/または抗乳化剤のような他の添加剤も、必要に応じて添加できる。
【0019】
本質的ではないけれども、上述の各添加剤を含む1種以上の添加剤パッケージまたは濃縮物を調製し、それによって添加剤(B)〜(E)、および添加する場合の(F)を即座にベースオイルに添加して本発明の潤滑油組成物を調製することが望まれ得る。添加剤パッケージの潤滑油への溶解は、溶媒により、さらに穏やかに加熱して混合することによって容易にできるが、このことは本質的ではない。添加剤パッケージは、典型的には、各添加剤を適切な量で含有するように配合して、所望濃度を得るか、および/または添加剤パッケージを所定量のベースオイルと混合するときの最終配合物において意図する機能を発揮させる。即ち、本発明に従う添加剤(B)〜(E)、および添加する場合の(F)は、少量のベースオイルまたは他の相容性のある溶媒と他の所望する添加剤と一緒に混合して、一定量の各活性成分を、例えば、添加剤パッケージ基準で、適切な割合の各添加剤を2.5〜90質量%、好ましくは5〜75質量%、最も好ましくは8〜60質量%の量で含有し、残りがベースオイルである添加剤パッケージを調製することができる。
【0020】
最終配合物は、約5〜40質量%の添加剤パッケージを典型的に含有し、残りがベースオイルであり得る。
本明細書で使用するときの用語‘活性成分’(a.i.)は、希釈していない添加剤物質を称する。
本明細書で使用するときの用語‘油溶性’または‘油分散性’は、上記の各化合物または添加剤がベースオイル中ですべての割合で可溶性であり、溶解性であり、混和性であり或いは懸濁し得ることを必ずしも意味しない。しかしながら、これらの用語は、上記の各化合物または添加剤が、例えば、オイルを使用する環境において意図する効果を発揮するに十分な程度にオイル中で可溶性であり或いは安定に分散性であることを意味する。さらにまた、他の添加剤の追加混入は、所望に応じて、高量の粒状添加剤の混入も可能にする。
本発明の潤滑剤組成物は、混合前後において化学的に同一であってもなくてもよい個々の(即ち、別々の)定義した成分を含む。
(実施例)
本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明を下記の実施例に限定するものではない。
【0021】
実施例 1 および 2
本発明のガス燃料型エンジン潤滑油組成物を、当該技術において公知の混合方法によって調製した。これらの組成物は、下記のとおりである:
【表1】

Figure 0004245832
上記の各数値は、(F)を除いて、希釈剤または溶媒を含む添加剤成分の質量%を適切に示す。(F)における数値は、活性成分を示す。
【0022】
比較例
比較ガス燃料型エンジン潤滑油組成物(比較例AおよびB)として、各々の清浄化系がフェノール酸塩系でありサリチル酸塩を含まない市販の潤滑油を用いた。比較例Aは5.2のTBNと0.45%の硫酸化灰分を有し、比較例Bは8.8のTBNと0.80%の硫酸化灰分を有していた。
実施例1、2および比較例A、Bの各サンプルを、それぞれ、1つの工業的基準であるGFC T-021-A-90に従って、144時間後の中間サンプルと共に、170℃で216時間試験した。
各サンプルは、下記について分析した:
・100℃での動粘度(ASTM D445)
・TAN(ASTM D664)
・TBN(ASTM D2896)
・赤外線酸化およびニトロ化(当該技術における公知の分光測定法)
試験方法は、括弧内に示している。
【0023】
結果
試験結果を下記の表に要約する。
【表2】
Figure 0004245832
【0024】
表中のダッシュは、サンプルが測定するには濃厚過ぎたことを示す。すべての試験(TBNを除く)において、低い数値ほど、優れた性能を示す。即ち、得られた結果は、サリチル酸塩を含まない比較例AおよびBの各々を凌ぐ実施例1および2の優位性を示している。[0001]
(Industrial application fields)
The present invention relates to lubrication of a gas fuel type engine.
(Background technology)
Gas-fueled engines, sometimes referred to as gas-fired engines or simply gas engines, are well known and are used in the oil and gas industry, for example in natural gas pipeline pump stations, blowers and generators in refineries and on gas tankers. Can be used to compress the natural gas at the gas well head and along the pipeline and produce electricity in the plant according to purpose. These engine designs can be of the two or four stroke spark ignition type or the compression ignition type, although the four stroke compression ignition design dominates. Natural gas constitutes a typical fuel.
The problems with these engine lubrications are firstly that the lubricant is exposed to high temperatures resulting in its oxidation, and secondly, the engine generates relatively large amounts of nitrogen oxides resulting in lubricant nitration. That is. These problems reduce the service life of the lubricant.
[0002]
U.S. Pat.No. 5,726,133, in natural gas engine oil, at least one first alkali or alkaline earth metal salt or mixture thereof having a TBN of 250 or less, and at least more neutral than the first metal salt. Disclosed is a method for addressing the above problem by using an additive mixture comprising a detergent mixture comprising one secondary alkali or alkaline earth metal salt.
European Patent No. 0,860,495 discloses a lubricating oil composition which is said to be excellent in NOx oxidation resistance and thermal oxidation resistance and suitable as a long-life engine oil in a gas engine heat pump. The composition includes a salicylic acid metal salt having a TBN of 100 to 195, and further includes a phenolic acid metal salt having a TBN of 100 to 300 as an optional component.
[0003]
(Problems to be solved by the invention)
However, it is desired to further improve the lubricant performance in the above points, for example, to extend the replacement interval of the lubricant.
(Means for solving the problem)
The present invention addresses this need by using a salicylate salt with a TBN of 95 or less as the first detergent and a second detergent having a TBN greater than 250 as apparent in each of its examples. It is addressed.
[0004]
Accordingly, the first aspect of the present invention is: (A) an oil having a major amount of lubricating viscosity; and (B) added to each of these oils in small amounts (95), preferably 85 or less, more preferably 75 or less. One or more hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acid metal salt detergents having TBN; (C) one or more metal detergents having a TBN higher than 250, preferably higher than 265, more preferably higher than 275, preferably A salicylate, phenolate or complex detergent; (D) preferably comprising one or more dispersants such as ashless dispersants; and (E) preferably comprising one or more antiwear additives. A gas fuel type engine lubricating oil composition having a characteristic TBN of 2-20.
[0005]
A second aspect of the present invention is a gas fuel type internal combustion engine lubrication method characterized by operating a gas fuel type internal combustion engine and lubricating the engine with the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention. is there.
A third aspect of the present invention is a method for enhancing the resistance to oxidation and nitration of a gas fuel type engine lubricating oil composition, the method comprising the additive (B) according to the first aspect of the present invention. (E) adding the composition containing (E) to a gas fuel type engine lubricating oil composition, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0006]
“Major amount” means greater than 50% by weight of the composition of the present invention.
“Small” means 50% by weight of the composition in terms of the total weight percent of each of the above additives and all additives present in the composition of the present invention when calculated as the individual additive or the active ingredient of all additives. Means less than%.
“Contains or includes”, ie these synonyms are used to identify the presence of the described feature, step, whole number or component, but exclude other features, steps, whole number, component or groups thereof Not what you want.
“TBN (total base number)” is measured by ASTM D2896.
Unless otherwise noted, all percentages are given as mass% active ingredients, i.e., free of solvent, diluent or other inert material.
Hereinafter, the features of the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0007]
Lubricating oil composition Preferably, the TBN of the lubricating composition of the present invention is in the range of 2-20, such as 2.5-20, preferably 6.5-20, more preferably 6.5-15.
[0008]
(A) Oil with lubricating viscosity The oil with lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as lubricating oil) can be any oil suitable for lubricating a gas fueled engine. The lubricating oil can be animal oil, vegetable oil or mineral oil. Suitably the lubricating oil is a petroleum based lubricating oil such as a naphtha, paraffinic or mixed oil. Also, the lubricating oil can be a synthetic lubricating oil. Suitable synthetic lubricating oils include synthetic ester lubricating oils, including diesters such as dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate and tridecyl adipate, or polymeric hydrocarbon lubricating oils such as liquid polyisobutylene and polyalphaolefins. Usually mineral oil is used. The lubricating oil generally constitutes 60% by weight or more, typically 70% by weight or more of the composition of the present invention, and has a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 40, eg 3 to 15 mm 2 s −1 and 100 to 100, eg 90, at 100 ° C. Typically has a viscosity index of ˜95.
[0009]
Another group of lubricating oils are hydrocracked oils obtained by further refining the middle and heavy distillate fractions in the presence of hydrogen at high temperature and medium pressure by a refining process. The hydrocracked oil typically has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 2-40, such as 3-15 mm 2 s −1 , and a viscosity index of 100-110, such as 105-108.
Lubricating oil may include 'bright stock'; bright stock refers to a base oil that is a solvent extracted deasphalted product from vacuum residue generally having a kinematic viscosity of 28-36 mm 2 s -1 at 100 ° C. Typically used in proportions of less than 10% by weight, such as less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 15%, and most preferably less than 5% by weight based on the weight of the inventive composition.
[0010]
(B) Salicylate detergent A detergent is an additive that reduces the formation of piston deposits, e.g., high temperature varnish and lacquer deposits, in the engine; the detergent has acid neutralizing properties. And retain finely divided solids in suspension. The detergent is a metal “soap” system and is a metal salt of an acidic organic compound, sometimes referred to as a surfactant, and (B) is salicylic acid.
The detergent includes a polar head having a long hydrophobic tail, the polar head comprising a metal salt of salicylic acid. A large amount of metal base is included by reacting a metal compound such as excess oxidation or hydroxide with an acid gas such as carbon dioxide, and a neutralizing detergent is added to the metal base (e.g., carbonate) micelles. An overbased detergent is obtained which is included as an outer layer.
The metal can be an alkali or alkaline earth metal such as sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and magnesium. Calcium is preferred.
[0011]
The surfactant for the surfactant system of the overbased metal detergent contains at least one hydrocarbyl group, for example as a substituent on the aromatic ring. As used herein, the term “hydrocarbyl” means that the group consists primarily of hydrogen and carbon atoms and is bonded to the remainder of the molecule through the carbon atom, but the substantial It does not exclude other atoms or groups present in proportions that do not impair the hydrocarbon properties. Advantageously, the hydrocarbyl group in the surfactant used according to the invention is an aliphatic group, preferably an alkyl or alkylene group, in particular an alkyl group, which can be linear or branched. The total number of carbon atoms in the surfactant must be at least sufficient to provide the desired oil solubility.
[0012]
The salicylates may be sulfurized or not sulfurized and may contain chemical modifications and / or further substituents. Methods for the sulfurization of hydrocarbyl substituted salicylic acids are well known to those skilled in the art. Salicylic acid is prepared by the carboxylation of phenoxide, the Kolbe-Schmitt process, which is usually obtained in a mixture with an uncarboxylated phenol, usually in a diluent.
A preferred substituent in the oil-soluble salicylic acid from which the salicylate can be derived is an alkyl substituent. In alkyl-substituted salicylic acid, the alkyl group advantageously contains 5 to 100, preferably 9 to 30, especially 14 to 20 carbon atoms. In the case of having two or more alkyl groups, the average number of carbon atoms in all the alkyl groups is preferably at least 9 in order to ensure appropriate oil solubility.
The gas fuel type engine lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises only one hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acid metal salt having a TBN of 95 or more, that is, the component (B).
The salicylate can be used in a proportion of 0.5 to 30% by mass, preferably 2 to 15 or 20% by mass, based on the mass of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention.
[0013]
(C) Metal detergent with a TBN of 250 or more The usable surfactants include salicylate, sulfonate, phenolate, sulfurized phenolate, thiophosphate, naphthenate, oil There are soluble carboxylates or complex detergents. The surfactant is preferably a salicylate, a phenolate or a complex detergent. The metal can be an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and magnesium. Calcium is preferred.
The complex detergent comprises an overbased mixture of at least two metal detergents such as calcium alkylphenolic acid and calcium alkylsalicylate. Such complex detergents are hybrid materials in which each surfactant group, such as phenolate and salicylate, is introduced during the overbasing process. Examples of complex detergents are disclosed in the art.
[0014]
Another example of a detergent that can be used is a sulfurized and overbased mixture of an alkylphenolic acid calcium salt and an alkylsalicylic acid calcium salt as described, for example, in European Patent No. 750,659, as follows: Including:
Sulfurized and peralkalized alkaline earth alkylsalicylate-alkylphenolate type detergents for lubricants-dispersant additives having the following characteristics:
(a) each alkyl substituent of the alkyl salicylate-alkylphenolate has at least 35 wt.%, at most 85 wt.% linear alkyl having 12 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 18 to 30 carbon atoms, And branched alkyl having 9 to 24, preferably 12, carbon atoms in a proportion of up to 65% by weight;
(b) the proportion of alkyl salicylic acid in the alkyl salicylate-alkyl phenolate mixture is at least 22 mol%, preferably at least 25 mol%; and
(c) The molar ratio of alkali in the alkyl salicylate-alkylphenolate as a whole is 1.0 to 3.5.
Preferably, the metal detergent (C) has a TBN in the range of 250-500, more preferably 260-400.
[0015]
(D) Dispersants Dispersants are additives for lubricating compositions, whose main function is to keep solid and liquid contaminants in suspension, thereby passivating these contaminants. It is to reduce sludge deposition and at the same time reduce engine deposits. That is, for example, the dispersant keeps the oil insoluble material resulting from oxidation during use of the lubricating oil in suspension, thereby preventing sludge flocculation and settling or deposition on the metal parts of the engine.
A remarkable group of dispersants are “ashless” which means non-metallic organic materials that do not substantially produce ash upon combustion, as opposed to materials that contain metals and are therefore ash-forming. Ashless dispersants include long chain hydrocarbons with a polar head, the polarity of which is derived by including, for example, O, P or N atoms. The hydrocarbon is an oleophilic group that confers oil solubility and has, for example, 40 to 500 carbon atoms. That is, the ashless dispersant can include an oil-soluble polymeric hydrocarbon backbone having functional groups that can associate with the particles to be dispersed.
Examples of ashless dispersants are succinimides such as polyisobutylene succinic anhydride; and polyamine condensation products that may or may not be boronated.
[0016]
(E) Anti-wear additive The anti-wear additive can be metallic or non-metallic, preferably the former.
Dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt is an example of an anti-wear additive used in the present invention. The metal in the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salt can be an alkali or alkaline earth metal, aluminum, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, nickel or copper. Zinc salts in the range of 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.3% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention are preferred. Zinc salts are usually prepared according to known methods by first preparing dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (DDPA) by reacting P 2 S 5 with one or more alcohols or phenols and then adding the resulting DDPA with a zinc compound. It can be prepared by adding. For example, dithiophosphoric acid can be prepared by reacting a mixture of primary and secondary alcohols. Multiple dithiophosphoric acids can also be prepared that contain both hydrocarbyl groups that are entirely secondary and hydrocarbyl groups that are entirely primary. Any basic or neutral zinc compound can be used to prepare the zinc salt, but oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are most commonly used. Commercial additives often contain excess zinc because of the use of excess basic zinc compounds in the neutralization reaction.
[0017]
A preferred dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate zinc salt is an oil-soluble zinc salt of dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, which can be represented by the following formula:
[(RO) (R 1 O) P (S) S] 2 Zn
Wherein R and R 1 are the same or different hydrocarbyl groups, such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkaryl and alicyclic groups, containing 1-18, preferably 2-12 carbon atoms. It can be. Particularly preferred as R and R 1 groups are alkyl groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. That is, these groups include, for example, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, i-hexyl, n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl. 2-ethylhexyl, phenyl, butylphenyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl, propenyl, butenyl. To obtain oil solubility, the total number of carbon atoms in dithiophosphoric acid (ie, in R and R 1 ) will generally be 5 or more. Accordingly, the dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate zinc salt may comprise a dialkyldithiophosphate zinc salt.
The composition of the present invention may contain, as an optional component, one or more antioxidants (F) described in more detail below, added in small amounts.
[0018]
(F) Antioxidants As explained, these antioxidants are amine or phenolic. Examples of amines include secondary aromatic amines such as diarylamines, for example, diphenylamines in which each phenyl group is alkyl-substituted with an alkyl group having 4 to 9 carbon atoms. Examples of antioxidants include hindered phenols such as monophenol and bisphenol.
Preferably, the antioxidant, if present, is added to the composition of the present invention in an amount up to 3% by weight.
Other additives such as pour point depressants, anti-foamants, and / or demulsifiers can also be added as needed.
[0019]
Although not essential, prepare one or more additive packages or concentrates containing each of the above-mentioned additives, thereby immediately adding (B)-(E), and (F) when added It may be desirable to prepare the lubricating oil composition of the present invention by adding to a base oil. The dissolution of the additive package in the lubricating oil can be facilitated by a solvent, with gentle heating and mixing, but this is not essential. Additive packages are typically formulated to contain the appropriate amount of each additive to obtain the desired concentration and / or final formulation when the additive package is mixed with a predetermined amount of base oil. Demonstrate the intended function in the object. That is, the additives (B)-(E) according to the present invention, and (F) when added, are mixed together with a small amount of base oil or other compatible solvent and other desired additives. A certain amount of each active ingredient, for example, in an amount of 2.5-90%, preferably 5-75%, most preferably 8-60% by weight of each additive in an appropriate proportion on an additive package basis. An additive package can be prepared containing and the rest being base oil.
[0020]
The final formulation typically contains about 5-40% by weight additive package, with the remainder being base oil.
The term 'active ingredient' (ai) as used herein refers to an undiluted additive material.
As used herein, the term 'oil-soluble' or 'oil-dispersible' means that each compound or additive described above is soluble, soluble, miscible in all proportions in the base oil or It does not necessarily mean that it can be suspended. However, these terms indicate that each of the above compounds or additives is soluble in oil or stably dispersible enough to exert the intended effect, for example, in the environment in which the oil is used. means. Furthermore, the additional incorporation of other additives also allows the incorporation of high amounts of particulate additives as desired.
The lubricant composition of the present invention includes individual (ie, separate) defined components that may or may not be chemically identical before and after mixing.
(Example)
The present invention will be specifically described, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0021]
Examples 1 and 2
The gas fuel type engine lubricating oil composition of the present invention was prepared by mixing methods known in the art. These compositions are as follows:
[Table 1]
Figure 0004245832
Each of the above numerical values appropriately indicates the mass% of the additive component including the diluent or solvent except (F). Numerical values in (F) indicate active ingredients.
[0022]
Comparative Example As a comparative gas fuel type engine lubricating oil composition (Comparative Examples A and B), a commercial lubricating oil in which each cleaning system was a phenolic acid salt system and no salicylate was used. Comparative Example A had 5.2 TBN and 0.45% sulfated ash, and Comparative Example B had 8.8 TBN and 0.80% sulfated ash.
Each sample of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples A and B was each tested at 170 ° C. for 216 hours with an intermediate sample after 144 hours according to one industrial standard, GFC T-021-A-90. .
Each sample was analyzed for:
・ Kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ (ASTM D445)
・ TAN (ASTM D664)
・ TBN (ASTM D2896)
Infrared oxidation and nitration (known spectroscopy in the art)
The test method is shown in parentheses.
[0023]
Results The test results are summarized in the table below.
[Table 2]
Figure 0004245832
[0024]
The dash in the table indicates that the sample was too thick to measure. In all tests (except TBN), lower numbers indicate better performance. That is, the obtained results show the superiority of Examples 1 and 2 over Comparative Examples A and B that do not contain salicylate.

Claims (8)

(A)主要量の潤滑粘度を有するオイル;並びに、このオイルに各々少量で添加した(B)95以下のTBNを有する1種以上のヒドロカルビル置換サリチル酸金属塩清浄剤;(C)250よりも高いTBNを有する1種以上のサリチル酸カルシウム金属清浄剤;(D)1種以上の分散剤を含ことを特徴とする2〜20のTBNを有するガス燃料型エンジン潤滑油組成物。(A) an oil having a major amount of lubricating viscosity; and (B) one or more hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acid metal salt detergents having a TBN of 95 or less each added to the oil; (C) higher than 250 one or more calcium salicylate metal detergent having a TBN; (D) gas fueled engine lubricating oil composition having a TBN of 2-20, wherein one or more dispersants including things. 少量の(F)1種以上の酸化防止剤をさらに添加してなる請求項1記載の組成物。  2. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising a small amount of (F) one or more antioxidants. ヒドロカルビル置換サリチル酸塩(B)の金属がカルシウムである請求項1または2記載の組成物。  3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the metal of the hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylate (B) is calcium. 金属清浄剤(C)が、260400のTBNを有するヒドロカルビル置換サリチル酸カルシウムである請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の組成物。The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metal detergent (C) is a hydrocarbyl-substituted calcium salicylate having a TBN of 260 to 400 . 酸化防止剤(F)が組成物中に3質量%までの量で存在する請求項2〜4項のいずれか1項記載の組成物。  The composition according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the antioxidant (F) is present in the composition in an amount of up to 3% by weight. ガス燃料型内燃エンジンを作動させ、そのエンジンを請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の組成物によって潤滑させることを特徴とするガス燃料型内燃エンジンの潤滑方法。  A method for lubricating a gas fuel type internal combustion engine, comprising operating a gas fuel type internal combustion engine and lubricating the engine with the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5. ガス燃料型エンジン潤滑油組成物の酸化およびニトロ化に対する耐性を改善する方法において、
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の添加剤(B)〜(F)を含む組成物をガス燃料型エンジン潤滑油組成物に添加する工程を含むことを特徴とする上記方法。
In a method for improving the resistance to oxidation and nitration of a gas-fueled engine lubricating oil composition,
6. The method as described above, which comprises the step of adding a composition comprising the additives (B) to (F) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to a gas fuel type engine lubricating oil composition.
(B)95以下のTBNを有する1種以上のヒドロカルビル置換サリチル酸金属塩清浄剤;(C)250よりも高いTBNを有する1種以上のサリチル酸カルシウム金属清浄剤;(D)1種以上の分散剤を含ことを特徴とするガス燃料型エンジン潤滑油組成物用の添加剤パッケージまたは濃縮物。(B) one or more hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylic acid metal salt detergents having a TBN of 95 or less; (C) one or more calcium salicylate metal detergents having a TBN higher than 250; (D) one or more dispersants. the additive package or concentrate for a gas fueled engine lubricating oil composition characterized in including it.
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