JP4244041B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4244041B2 JP4244041B2 JP2005110521A JP2005110521A JP4244041B2 JP 4244041 B2 JP4244041 B2 JP 4244041B2 JP 2005110521 A JP2005110521 A JP 2005110521A JP 2005110521 A JP2005110521 A JP 2005110521A JP 4244041 B2 JP4244041 B2 JP 4244041B2
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- lithium ion
- ion secondary
- electrode
- positive electrode
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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Description
oO2:0<x<2)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiXNiO2:0<x<2)、リチウム
ニッケルコバルト複合酸化物(LiX(Ni1-yCoy)O2:0<x<2,0<y<1)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiXMn2O4:0<x<2)、LiFePO4などがある。これらの中で、LiFePO4は原料として大量に存在する鉄を用いており、原料の供給は容易であり好ましい。
(負極の作製)
中国産天然黒鉛粉末(鱗片状、粒径11μm、d002は0.336nm、Lcは100nm、Laは100nm、R値は0、比表面積8m2/g)20gと石炭ピッチ(フレーク状、粒径15μm)1gとカルボキシメチルセルロース1gとVGCF(繊維状粉末、粒径5μm)5gを乳鉢で混合し、イオン交換水40mLを添加してペーストを得た。このペーストを発泡状ニッケル板(32×32mm、厚さ1mm、空隙率90%、最大孔径0.5mm)に塗り込み、60℃空気中で仮乾燥し、窒素雰囲気下1000℃で5時間焼結して、ニッケル製のリード線をスポット溶接で取り付けてリチウムイオン二次電池用炭素電極を得た。炭素の単位重量当りの充放電容量を300mAh/gとすると、この電極の充放電容量は220mAhであった。
まず、正極活物質としてLiFePO4を用い、正極活物質と導電材であるアセチレンブラックとバインダーであるポリフッ化ビニリデンとを混合した。また、正極の導電材(以下、正極導電材)の重量部値は10、正極のバインダーの重量部値は4である。この正極活物質と正極導電材とバインダーとを混合した混合物をN−メチル−2−ピロリドン溶剤に溶かしスラリー状にし、これを発泡状のアルミ製正極集電体に注入を行い、溶媒を除去するために60℃にて乾燥した後に、1000kg/cm2の圧力でプレスを行い、厚さ3mmとした。このように作製した1枚の正極電極を、30mm×30mmの大きさに切断した。アルミ製のリード線を超音波溶接で取り付けてリチウムイオン二次電池用正極電極を得た。正極活物質の単位重量当りの充放電容量を120mAh/gとすると、この電極の充放電容量は200mAhであった。
この1枚の正極電極と1枚の負極電極とが電気的に接触しないように多孔質ポリエチレンから成るセパレータを挟み、長方形の2枚のアルミラミネート樹脂を用いて3辺をシールして袋状の外装材(電池容器)としたものに挿入した。また、アルミラミネート樹脂でシールをしなかった残りの1辺を開口部とした。その後、この正極電極及び負極電極とセパレータが挿入されたアルミラミネート樹脂から成る外装材を減圧チャンバーに挿入し、減圧下100℃で乾燥を行った。なお、乾燥時間は12時間とした。乾燥が終了した後、ドライボックス内にて電解液を電極に十分に浸みわたる量を注入し、外装材の開口部をシールすることにより、本実施例のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。なお電解液としては、1M−LiPF6/EC+GBL(2:3vol.)を使用した。このように作製したリチウムイオン二次電池を以下の方法により試験した。
試験条件は、定電流50mAで電池電圧が3.9Vになるまで充電し、その後、定電圧3.9Vで3時間充電した。放電は定電流50mAで電池電圧2.3Vまで放電した。その時の電気容量を測定し、500回充放電を繰り返して容量の推移を測定した。その結果を図7に示した。
上記のように作製した電極の空隙率と抵抗率は、正極電極及び負極電極の空隙率は40%、正極の抵抗率は1Ωcmであり、負極の抵抗率は0.5Ωcmであった。なお、正極電極及び負極電極の空隙率は、電極の体積とそれぞれの部材の理論密度とから、計算した。また、抵抗率は上述の正極あるいは負極のペーストを集電体に注入せずに、1cm×1cm×0.5cmの大きさになるように成型乾燥した後に、直流4端子法によって抵抗率を求めた。
(負極の作製)
中国産天然黒鉛粉末(鱗片状、粒径11μm、d002は0.336nm、Lcは100nm、Laは100nm、R値は0、比表面積8m2/g)20gと石炭ピッチ(フレーク状、粒径15μm)1gとカルボキシメチルセルロース1gとVGCF(繊維状粉末、粒径5μm)5gを乳鉢で混合し、イオン交換水40mLを添加してペーストを得た。このペーストを発泡状ニッケル板(32×32mm、厚さ1mm、空隙率90%、最大孔径0.5mm)に塗り込み、60℃空気中で仮乾燥し、減圧下150℃で12時間乾燥して、ニッケル製のリード線をスポット溶接で取り付けてリチウムイオン二次電池用炭素電極を得た。炭素の単位重量当りの充放電容量を300mAh/gとすると、この電極の充放電容量は220mAhであった。
2 正極電極
3 負極電極
4 セパレータ
5 外装材
6 端子
7 試験極
8 対極
9 参照極
10 電解液
11 ルギン管
12 蓋
Claims (11)
- 正極活物質と導電材とバインダーと集電体から成る正極電極と、負極活物質と導電材とバインダーと集電体から成る負極電極と、電解質塩を含む電解質と、を備え、且つ、電池容量が5〔Ah〕以上であるリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記正極活物質と前記導電材と前記バインダーとの混合体の電気抵抗率が0.1Ωcm以上1Ωcm以下であり、且つ、前記正極電極及び前記負極電極それぞれの電極において、一方の極性の電極と対向している面の任意の1cm2の正方形を底面とし、当該正方形を含む電極の厚みを高さとする直方体当りの電気容量が10mAh以上50mAh以下であり、前記負極電極が、黒鉛粉末と難黒鉛化性炭素と繊維状粉末とを含む負極成分を、集電体である多孔質金属構造体の空隙中で焼結して成ることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 多孔質金属構造体の空隙率が、75%以上98%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 多孔質金属構造体が、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル及びこれらの合金から選ばれた1つから成ることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 多孔質金属構造体が、発泡ニッケルであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 難黒鉛化性炭素が、カルボキシメチルセルロースの重合体又はカルボキシメチルセルロース誘導体の重合体であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 繊維状粉末が、高黒鉛化炭素繊維の粉末であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 繊維状粉末の繊維径が、0.1〜80μmであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 黒鉛粉末が、X線広角回折法による(002)面の平均面間隔が0.335〜0.340nm、(002)面方向の結晶子厚みが10nm以上、(110)面方向の結晶子厚みが10nm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 黒鉛粉末の粒径が、80μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 負極電極の焼結温度が600〜1000℃であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 黒鉛粉末と難黒鉛化性炭素と繊維状粉末とを含む負極成分を混合し、溶剤を加えてペースト状にして多孔質金属構造体の空隙中に塗り込み600〜1000℃で焼結して負極電極を製造する負極製造工程と、
正極活物質と導電材とバインダーとを含む正極成分を混合し、溶剤に溶かしてスラリー状にして集電体に注入し乾燥して正極電極を製造する正極製造工程と、
正極電極と負極電極とが電気的に接触しないようにセパレータを挟んで外装材に挿入し、電解液を注入した後に外装材をシールする電池組み立て工程と、を含むことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
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