JP4241294B2 - Current limiter for amperage controlled light - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a current limiter for an amperage-controlled lamp that sets a rated current value that can be used by a consumer.

  Conventionally, current limiters for amperage-controlled lamps have been used to determine the maximum usage of lamp consumers within the power company's jurisdiction and to prepare facilities. If it continues to be consumed exceeding the contract value, it has been used as a device that cuts off the current as the contract value is exceeded and urges the current to be kept below the contract value. In recent years, however, competition principles such as the liberalization of retailing of electric power have begun to be introduced in various forms as means for improving efficiency in the electric power industry, and electric power supply companies other than electric power companies (called independent power generation companies) have been established. , Has come to supply a certain amount of power.

  For this reason, electric power companies have made various measures to survive this competition, and one of the important measures is how to “level load (change to use of electricity with less load fluctuation)”. And increase the average load factor (equipment utilization rate). As these specific measures, the “hourly rate system” that tries to control the usage of electricity by changing the unit price of the electricity rate by season, weekdays and holidays, or by the time of the day, or There is a “price system by season and time zone”, and various leveling menus have been adopted, leading to today.

On the other hand, a conventional current limiter has a plurality of switching mechanisms with different shut-off times, and a load that must avoid a power failure is connected to a switch mechanism with a slow shut-off time (Patent Document 1) or a control. There is one that receives the rated current value change data transmitted from the station and switches the rated current value (Patent Document 2).
JP-A-50-54854 JP-A-4-88832

  However, the introduced rate system is all about load transition, valley demand creation, demand development by incentive fee introduction, and it is a leveling measure only from the charge side, in order to realize load leveling It was insufficient.

  Moreover, the conventional current limiter regulates the power consumption in the time zone where the power consumption peak occurs (for example, the daytime time zone), and in the time zone where the power consumption is reduced (for example, the night time zone). It was not intended to actively increase the amount of power consumed, so it could not be used for load leveling.

The present invention according to claim 1 includes load current detection means for detecting a load current and load current cutoff means for cutting off the load current when the detected load current exceeds a rated current value. In the current limiter for amperage-controlled lamps that limits the maximum load current that can be used to less than the rated current value, the rated current value is set to a small value to regulate the power consumption during the time when the power consumption peak occurs. Setting means for setting a rated current value in a time zone in which the consumption amount is reduced to be larger than a rated current value in a time zone in which the power consumption peak occurs in order to increase the power consumption, and in each time zone, the setting unit and control means for switching the set rated current value, said the power consumption time zone peak occurs, rated relaxation of emergency to change to a predetermined rated current greater than the rated current value of the band said time And a stage, it is an ampere system metered lamp current limiter which is adapted to realize the equalization of loads.

The present invention described in claim 2, when operated for a predetermined number of times the rated relieving means within a predetermined time period, for amperes system usage-based lamp according to claim 1 to disable the change of the rated current value by the constant rated relieving means This is a current limiter.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to positively increase the power consumption in a time zone other than the time zone in which the power consumption peak occurs, and to realize load leveling. For example, as a consumer, household appliances that can be used as a basis for daily life such as reservation and recording of refrigerators and video tape recorders can be maintained for rated current values or load current values during times of day when power consumption peaks occur. It is possible to keep the current value to a minimum, and to increase the rated current value or load current value of the electricity unit price at an inexpensive time so that large household appliances with a large current capacity can be used. In addition to being able to achieve significant reductions, the power supplier will be able to grasp the total consumption of the entire consumer more accurately during the time when the power consumption peak occurs. Measures can be implemented. In addition, for independent power generators that cannot easily secure power, it is possible to secure more customers by keeping the power consumption of a single customer low during periods of peak power consumption. Thus, stable power supply can be achieved.

Furthermore , even if some unforeseen situation arises and it is unavoidable to use electricity during the time when the power consumption peak occurs, it is possible to meet the demands of consumers.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to limit the change of the rated current value due to the convenience of the consumer, and to avoid adversely affecting the power supply.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention is as described in Examples 1 to 3 described later.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration including a current limiter for an amperage controlled lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, a watt hour meter 2, which is a combined meter for power supply and demand according to time zone, is connected to the power source side of the distribution line 1, and the distribution line 1 on the load side of the watt hour meter 2 has a current limit according to the present invention. A device 3 is connected. The electricity meter 2 has a power consumption according to time of day (daytime hours when power consumption peaks occur, light and low load hours in the morning and evening, and night time periods when the load is reduced, but light load hours and night time periods on holidays) The power supply circuit unit 4, the weighing unit 5, the external operation unit 6, the storage unit 7, the control unit 8, the clock circuit 9, and the display unit 10 are included. The control unit 8 identifies the time zone and weekday holiday according to the current time from the clock circuit 9, classifies and accumulates the electric energy measured by the measuring unit 5 according to the time zone, and stores it in the storage unit 7 according to the time zone. Is stored as the amount of power. The display unit 10 displays the electric energy for each time zone by the indicators 10a, 10b, and 10c for each time zone.

  The current limiter 3 includes a current breaking mechanism 11 (consisting of a tripping coil 12, a breaking contact 13, and a tripping coil excitation circuit 14), a power supply circuit 15, a rating relaxation operation unit 16, a display circuit 17, and an input. Section 18, control section 19, storage section 20, clock circuit 21, current detection section 22 including current transformer CT, programmable amplification circuit section 23, and time delay circuit section 24.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of a three-hour fee menu, and the current limiter 3 is set to follow this three-hour fee menu. One day is divided into three time zones (daytime time zone, light load time zone and night time zone) on weekdays, and two time zones (light load time zone and night time zone) on holidays, depending on the load situation. Different rated current values are set for each time zone, and electricity unit prices A to C are determined (A> B> C). FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change state with the passage of time of the rated current value on weekdays (maximum usable load current value) in the case of FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change state with time of the rated current value (maximum usable current value) on holidays in the case of FIG. The consumer can use it in the range below the rated current value.

  As shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, the current limiter 3 switches to the rated current value that is set every time the time zone is changed, changes the load current that can be used by the consumer, Limit to less than contracted rated current value.

  The input unit 18 is under the seal of the electric power company, and the electric power company inputs the rated current value (contract value) for each time zone selected by the customer through the input unit 18 to the control unit 19. The control unit 19 stores and sets these rated current values in the storage unit 20. Thereafter, the input unit 18 is sealed by the electric power company.

  When a handle (not shown) is raised (some may be lowered depending on the model), the current limiter 3 starts to function, and the control unit 19 identifies the current time zone, for example, the daytime time zone and identifies the current. An instruction signal for switching the rated current value of the limiter 3 to 5A (one example) which is the maximum load current value in the daytime time zone is output to the programmable amplifier circuit unit 23, and the amplification factor is set to a predetermined amplification factor corresponding to 5A. To do. Hereinafter, every time the time zone is switched, the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier circuit unit 23 is switched, and the control signal (for interruption operation) output from the programmable amplifier circuit unit 23 is the same regardless of which rated current value is set. Adjust to the signal level. Thereby, regardless of the magnitude of the load current, it is possible to cause the current cutoff mechanism unit 11 to perform a cutoff operation at the rated current value in each time zone. The control unit 19 is configured by a single chip microcomputer including external components or circuits, or a combination of standard logic ICs.

  An example of the rating relaxation operation unit 16 is shown in FIG. The switch 25 can be operated by the customer from the outside of the housing, and the waveform shaping circuit 26 shapes the waveform of the change in potential difference caused by the opening and closing of the switch 25 so that the subsequent circuit does not malfunction chattering, thereby producing a clean square wave signal. Output. The predetermined time detection circuit 27 does not output the rated relaxation signal unless the high-level output (ON signal) of the waveform shaping circuit 26 is continuously output for a predetermined time. An example of the circuit configuration is shown in FIG. It is as it is. In addition, when the control part 19 is comprised with a microcomputer, the waveform shaping circuit 26 and the predetermined time detection circuit 27 can be comprised by what is performed by a program with the microcomputer.

The operation of the rating relaxation operation unit 16 will be described below with reference to FIG. If a customer has to stay at home during the daytime in the summer due to a cold or the like and wants to increase the rated current value in the most recent daytime, the resistance R _The potential fixed at the low level by ₁ is raised to the high level, and the ON signal is transmitted to the detection circuit 27 for a predetermined time through the waveform shaping circuit 26.

The ON signal is converted to a low level by the inverter In ₁ and input to one input terminal of the OR gate G ₁ . The other input terminal of the OR gate G _1, since at this time the RS flip-flop 28 is in reset state, already fixed to the low level. Therefore, the output of the OR gate G ₁ becomes low level, the counter 29 is released from the reset state, and ready to count the clock signal. For example, when a signal having an interval of 0.1 second is used as the clock signal, the counter 29 operates at the falling edge of the clock signal and performs counting. When the counter 29 counts 10 clock signals (elapse of a predetermined time: lower limit 1 second), the outputs Q _{1 to} Q ₄ coincide with the numerical values set by the numerical value setting circuit 30, so that the output of the coincidence circuit 31 becomes high level. Inverted and input to AND gates G ₂ and G ₃ , respectively.

Since clock signal inverted by the inverter In ₂ are inputted to the AND gate G _3, 2-input AND gate G ₃ are both at a high level, the output becomes a high level to the inverted clock signal becomes a low level, This high level signal is output as a rated relaxation signal.

When 11 rounds th clock signal rises, already output of the AND gate G ₂ to the output of the matching circuit 31 becomes high level is input to a high level, it sets the RS flip-flop 28. Thus, Q output of the RS flip-flop 28 is at a high level, via the delay circuit 32 is input to the OR gate G ₁ after a predetermined delay time, by its output to a high level, stops the count in counter 29 At the same time, all the outputs Q _{1 to} Q ₄ are reset to a low level. The output of the matching circuit 31 becomes the low level, the output of the AND gate G ₂ becomes low level, Q output of the RS flip-flop 28 because they are held at the high level, the counter 29 is held in the reset state, the switch 25 Despite being on, it is not accepted as a rating relaxation operation.

  When the display circuit unit 17 indicates that the rating relaxation signal has been generated by display or sound, the consumer releases the switch 25 and turns it off, so that the ON signal disappears. Thereafter, when the time zone switching signal is input to the reset terminal of the RS flip-flop 28 when the daytime time zone is switched to the light load time zone, the Q output of the RS flip-flop 28 becomes low level, and the waveform shaping circuit 26 An ON signal can be received.

  Even if the switch 25 is momentarily turned on for some time, if the on time is shorter than the counting time of the ten clock signals by the counter 29, a rating relaxation signal is generated. Since it is in the reset state before, no rating relaxation signal is generated.

  When a rating relaxation signal is generated by performing the rating relaxation operation by the rating relaxation operation unit 16, the control unit 19 stores the rating relaxation signal in the storage circuit 20, and the rated current value in the most recent daytime period is determined in advance. For example, if the rated current value at normal time is 5 A, the current value is increased to 20 A as the rated current value at emergency. This change situation is as shown in FIG.

  Next, the rated current value switching operation of the current limiter 3 will be described with reference to FIG. When the control unit 19 determines that it is time to switch the time zone based on the current time of the clock circuit 21, it generates a time zone switching signal and executes the rated current value switching operation. Whether or not it is a night time zone is identified in step S1, and if it is a night time zone, the process proceeds to step S2 and the rated current value is switched to 50A set as the rated current value in the night time zone. When the light load time zone is identified in step S3, the process proceeds to step S4 and the rated current value is switched to 30A set as the rated current value in the light load time zone. If it is identified in step S5 that it is a daytime time zone, the process proceeds to step S6 to determine whether there is a rating relaxation signal. If there is no rating relaxation signal, the process proceeds to step S7, where the rated current value is switched to 5A, which is set as the normal rated current value in the daytime time zone. If there is a rating relaxation signal, the process proceeds to step S8, and the rated current value is switched to 20A set as the rated current value for emergency in the daytime time zone.

  In any time zone, when a load current exceeding the set rated current value flows through the distribution line 1, a control signal of a predetermined level or more is output from the programmable amplifier circuit unit 23 through the current detection unit 22, and the time delay is increased. The circuit unit 24 operates the current interrupting mechanism unit 11 with a delay time corresponding to the level of the control signal, and interrupts the interrupting contact 13.

  FIG. 9 shows that when the rated relaxation operating unit 16 is operated a predetermined number of times (for example, three times) within a predetermined period (for example, one year), the change of the rated current value during the daytime period by the rated relaxation operating unit 16 is invalidated. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of a rating relaxation invalid circuit that is included in the control unit 19. When the control unit 19 is configured by a microcomputer, the microcomputer The program can be configured by a program. FIG. 10 is a timing chart showing the operation timing of each part.

In FIG. 9, a period signal (for example, once / year) generated at the start of use of the current limiter 3 or at the start of the fiscal year is used as the period signal. With counter 32 is reset by a period signal, RS flip-flop 33 is set, the counter 32 is held at the high level one input of the NAND gate G ₄ as can be counted. When the rated alleviate signal is generated at the rated relieving operation unit 16, the other input of the NAND gate G ₄ via the inverter an In _3. In response to the rating relaxation signal, a low level pulse is output from the inverter In _{3, a} high level pulse is output from the NAND gate G ₄ , and the counter 32 counts one. FIG. 10 shows a state in which no rating relaxation signal is generated because the time for which the switch 25 is pressed is shorter than the predetermined time α in the second rating relaxation operation. In the third and fourth rating relaxation operations, the counter 32 counts in the same manner, and the count value becomes 3.

When the count value of the counter 32 becomes 3, since 3 is preset as the maximum number of times that the rated relaxation is allowed within the period in the numerical value setting circuit 34, the coincidence circuit 35 sets the count value of the counter 32 to the numerical value setting circuit. It is detected that the value is equal to 34, and a high level signal is output. This high-level signal is delayed by a delay time β by the delay circuit 36 and then converted into a single pulse having a constant pulse width by the one-shot circuit 37. The RS flip-flop 33 is reset and its Q output is changed. Set to low level. Thus, since one input of the NAND gate G ₄ are at a low level, the output is held at the high level irrespective of the presence or absence of the input of the rated alleviate signal, the counter 32 will not be counted up. Therefore, subsequent rating relaxation signals are not accepted. This state continues until a period signal generated by entering a new year resets the counter 32 and the RS flip-flop 33.

  In the first embodiment described above, the current meter for the amperage controlled lamp according to the present invention is used in combination with the combined power meter for power supply / demand corresponding to the electricity price menu, that is, the wattmeter 2 and the current limiter 3 are exactly the same. To further level the load.

  The amount of power consumed by the customer within the range of the rated current set by the current limiter 3 is measured by the watt hour meter according to the time zone, and the power by time zone from the previous meter reading date to the current meter reading date. The amount is displayed. And an electricity bill is determined with respect to the total amount according to time zone.

  Under the current rate system, pay-per-unit unit price per kWh is set for each time zone, but because the metering is performed by time zone with a constant rated current throughout the day, load usage that leads to load leveling to consumers The only thing that encourages the price difference is the time zone. On the other hand, the introduction of the current limiter for ampere-controlled lamps according to the present invention allows not only the charge gap by time zone but also the maximum power consumption to be increased or decreased by time zone. Can give consumers strong motivation for

  Example 2 uses an existing watt-hour meter with no division of time zone, and a current limiter for an amperage-controlled lamp according to the present invention, without using a combined meter for power supply and demand (by time zone) corresponding to the electricity price menu. Is used to further promote load leveling.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the unit price (yen / kWh) for each time zone is, for example, 32.93 yen in the daytime hours, 21.95 yen in the light load hours, and 7.50 yen in the nighttime hours. Considering the case where each is determined, the approximate unit price ratio for each time zone is 4.4: 2.9: 1.0, and the inverse ratio of the approximate unit price ratio is 1.0: 1.5: 4. .4. Therefore, if the electric energy measured in each time zone is converted by the above inverse ratio and this converted amount is accumulated, the metered unit price will be uniform regardless of the time zone, and the electric energy will not be divided into time zones. It becomes possible to measure with the watt-hour meter. Instead of converting the amount of power measured in each time zone by the inverse ratio, the ratio of the rated current values in each time zone is determined to be equal to the inverse ratio, so that an almost equivalent result can be obtained. That is, the electricity charge for the electric power measured in this way is not so different from the electric charge for the electric energy measured in the first embodiment.

  In the example of the unit price of FIG. 11, the rated current value in each time zone is 6.7 A in the daytime time zone, 10 A in the light load time zone, and 29.3 A in the night time zone. However, based on the strategic intention of minimizing power consumption during daytime hours and increasing power consumption during nighttime hours, in the example of FIG. The current value is preferably 30A. This change situation is as shown in FIG.

  In the second embodiment, in FIG. 1, the amplification factor in each time zone of the programmable amplifier circuit unit 23 is in accordance with the inverse ratio of the unit price estimated ratio of the electricity rate for each time zone and takes into account the strategic intention. And set. Other parts are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  According to the second embodiment, even when a new fee system for the purpose of load leveling is introduced, the current limiter attached to the consumer is simply replaced with the current limiter according to the present invention, or only newly installed. Thus, load leveling can be promoted.

  In Examples 1 and 2, the current limiter for an amperage controlled lamp is used, and when the load current value exceeds the rated current value, the load current is cut off. The predetermined current value corresponds to the rated current value. Promote load leveling by setting the unit price very high with respect to the amount of excess power when the load current value is exceeded so that consumers cannot psychologically consume excess power. Can do.

  In this case, an excess energy meter is provided in addition to the energy meter 2, and when this excess energy meter exceeds the reference power (power at a predetermined load current value) as shown in FIG. Measure excess power. If the excess energy meter is to be classified according to the time zone, the control circuit for the excess energy meter in FIG. 1 is obtained by a circuit obtained by removing the current interrupt mechanism unit 11 and the time delay circuit unit 24 from the current limiter 3. Configure.

  In addition, under the strategic intention to minimize power consumption during daytime hours and increase power consumption during nighttime hours and light load hours, excess power is measured using an excess power meter only during daytime hours. In this way, the electricity meter 2 measures the power during the night time zone and light load time zone.

  Further, in Example 1, the power consumption in the range from 5A to 20A exceeding the 5A during the daytime rating relaxation (emergency) shown in FIG. The electricity charge may be determined based on the unit price.

  This is a technology related to power supply companies supplying power to consumers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a block diagram which shows an example of the circuit structure of the electric current meter for an ampere-controlled amount lamp which is Example 1 of this invention, and the watt-hour meter used together. It is a figure which shows the example of the electricity bill menu classified by time zone used in Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the change condition accompanying the time passage of the rated current value of the weekday concerning Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the change condition with the time passage of the rated current value of a holiday which concerns on Example 1. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the circuit structure of the operation part for rating relaxation of FIG. 6 is a timing chart showing operation timing of each unit in FIG. 5. It is a figure which shows the change condition accompanying the time passage of the rated current value of a weekday including the emergency of a daytime time zone based on Example 1. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the current limiter in the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration of a rating relaxation invalid circuit according to the first embodiment. 10 is a timing chart showing operation timing of each unit in FIG. 9. It is a figure which shows the example of a setting of the rated current value in Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the change condition accompanying the time passage of the rated current value of the weekday concerning Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the part which the excess electric energy meter which concerns on Example 3 measures.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Distribution line 2 Electricity meter 3 Current limiter 5 Measuring part 7 Memory | storage part 8 Control part 9 Clock circuit 10 Display part 11 Current interruption mechanism part 16 Rating relaxation operation part 17 Display circuit part 18 Input part 19 Control part 20 Storage part DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 Clock circuit 22 Current detection part 23 Programmable amplifier circuit part 24 Time delay circuit part 25 Switch 27 Detection circuit for predetermined time

Claims (2)

Load current detecting means for detecting the load current;
Load current interrupting means for interrupting the load current when the detected load current exceeds the rated current value,
In the current limiter for amperage-controlled lamps that limits the maximum load current that can be used by consumers to below the rated current value,
The rated current value is set to a small value in order to regulate the power consumption during the time period when the power consumption peak occurs, and the rated current value is set to increase the power consumption in the time period when the power consumption is reduced. Setting means for setting larger than the rated current value in the time zone when the consumption peak occurs,
Control means for switching to the set rated current value in each time zone ;
In a time zone where the power consumption peak occurs, a rating relaxation means for abruptly changing the rated current value of the time zone to a predetermined rated current value larger than that,
A current limiter for an amperage controlled lamp, characterized in that load leveling is realized. 2. The current limiter for an amperage controlled lamp according to claim 1, wherein when the rating relaxation means is operated a predetermined number of times within a predetermined period, the change of the rated current value by the rating relaxation means is invalidated .