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JP4196521B2 - Battery structure and battery module for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Battery structure and battery module for electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4196521B2
JP4196521B2 JP2000147179A JP2000147179A JP4196521B2 JP 4196521 B2 JP4196521 B2 JP 4196521B2 JP 2000147179 A JP2000147179 A JP 2000147179A JP 2000147179 A JP2000147179 A JP 2000147179A JP 4196521 B2 JP4196521 B2 JP 4196521B2
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battery
fuse
electric vehicle
holding
battery cell
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JP2001325996A (en
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健介 後藤
恒美 相羽
利明 小貫
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Resonac Corp
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Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2000147179A priority Critical patent/JP4196521B2/en
Priority to US09/803,915 priority patent/US20010046624A1/en
Priority to EP01106604A priority patent/EP1156537A3/en
Priority to TW90107349A priority patent/TW503593B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
    • H01M10/652—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations characterised by gradients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6562—Gases with free flow by convection only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/296—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by terminals of battery packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/298—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the wiring of battery packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電気自動車用バッテリ構造及び電池モジュールに係り、特に、バッテリケース内に複数個の柱状バッテリセルが収納され、該バッテリセルが電気的に接続された電気自動車用バッテリ構造及び該電気自動車用バッテリ構造を備える電池モジュールに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
電気自動車用電池モジュールには、リチウム酸化物等を主要構成材料とした高性能、高容量のバッテリセルが複数個用いられている。このようなバッテリセルは、一般に、電極が正極、負極共に活物質が金属箔に塗着された帯状であり、正極、負極が直接接触しないようにセパレータを挟んで断面が渦巻状に捲回された捲回式の柱状構造が採られている。電気自動車用のバッテリセルは、充放電時の発熱量が比較的大きく、かつ、バッテリ性能の温度依存性もあるため、バッテリセルの所定性能を確保するために冷却性能を高める必要がある。
【０００３】
バッテリセルの冷却性能を高めるために、例えば特開平第７−４７８９２号公報には、バッテリセルを円柱状に形成し、このバッテリセルを熱伝導率の高い材料からなる２枚のプレートで上下方向から挟み込み、該プレートを介して車体に固定することによって上下プレート間に通風路を形成した技術が開示されている。この技術によれば、バッテリの中空部とプレートとの間の通風路に空気が流通し得るので、バッテリセルの冷却を行うことができる。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記公報の技術では、上下２枚のプレート間に通風路を形成しているので、通風路が狭いことから熱がこもり易く、また、前後にバッテリセルを配置した場合にはそれぞれのバッテリセルに冷却ムラを生じてしまう、という問題がある。
【０００５】
また、バッテリセルが上下２枚のプレート間で軸方向にずれ易く、これを防止するために緩衝材（防振材）を介して挟んでいるので、通風路が更に狭くなり、冷却性が悪化してしまう、という問題がある。更に、緩衝材を挟み込み固定しているので、組立作業性が悪く、取り扱いが困難であった。
【０００６】
本発明は上記問題に鑑み、冷却性に優れると共にバッテリセルを確実に固定することができ、組立作業性を向上させることができる電気自動車用バッテリ構造及び該バッテリ構造を備えた電池モジュールを提供することを課題とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、請求項１に記載の発明は、バッテリケース内に複数個の柱状バッテリセルが収納され、該バッテリセルが電気的に接続された電気自動車用バッテリ構造において、前記バッテリケースの上下壁面を構成する上蓋部材及び下蓋部材に冷却空気を上下方向に流通させるための複数個の通風口がそれぞれ形成され前記下壁面に形成された通風口の総開口面積は前記上壁面に形成された通風口の総開口面積より大きく、前記バッテリケースを長手方向に複数の隔室に区画すると共に前記バッテリセルを横置き状態で抱持する複数個の抱持リブを有する上蓋部材、中蓋部材及び下蓋部材と、前記横置き状態で抱持されたバッテリセルの側面露出部を覆う２つの側面部材と、を備えたことを特徴とする。
【０００８】
請求項１の発明では、複数個の柱状バッテリセルはバッテリケース内で横置き状態で複数個の抱持リブで上下方向から抱持されて配設されているので、バッテリセルをバッテリケース内に整然と、しかも遊動することなく配設することができ、バッテリセルの支持安定性を良好にすることができる。また、抱持リブでバッテリケースの長手方向に複数に区画された各隔室には、バッテリケースの上下壁面を構成する上蓋部材及び下蓋部材に形成された通気口を介して冷却空気がバッテリセル側面に上下方向から流通するので、バッテリケース内のバッテリセル個々の全長に亘って冷却空気を行き渡らせることができ、バッテリセル個々の冷却を良好に行え、電池モジュール全体の冷却性能を高めることができる。更に、冷却空気の導入側であるバッテリケースの下壁面に形成された複数個の通風口の総開口面積は排出側である上壁面に形成された複数個の通風口の総開口面積より大きいので、より多くの冷却空気を導入することができると共に、排出側の総開口面積が小さく排出側では冷却空気の流速が増大するので、排出側に配設されたバッテリセルの冷却効果を高めることができる。また、バッテリケースはその内側にバッテリケースを長手方向に複数の隔室に区画する抱持リブを備えているので、バッテリケース自体の横方向（長手方向と交差する方向）の剛性を高めることができると共に、バッテリセルの剛性が高いためバッテリセル自体がバッテリケースの剛性を上げる梁として機能するので、バッテリケースの長手方向の剛性も高めることができる。更に、バッテリセルを抱持する抱持リブが上蓋部材、中蓋部材及び下蓋部材に分割構成されているので、バッテリセルの配設作業と共にバッテリケースの組立て作業を行うことができ、電池モジュールの組立作業性を向上させることができる。また、横置き状態で抱持されたバッテリセルの側面露出部を覆う２つの側面部材が別部材とされているので、側面露出部でバッテリセル同士の電気的接続作業性を高めることができる。
【０００９】
請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１の発明において、前記上壁面に形成された箇々の通風口の開口面積は前記下壁面に形成された箇々の通風口の開口面積より小さく、かつ、前記上壁面に形成された通風口の数が前記下壁面に形成された通風口の数より多いことを特徴とする。
【００１０】
請求項２の発明では、上壁面に形成された箇々の通風口の開口面積を下壁面に形成された箇々の通風口の開口面積より小さくしたので、排出側の通風口が絞られ流速を確実に高めることができると共に、上壁面に形成された通風口の数を下壁面に形成された通風口の数より多くしたので、冷却空気の排出を均等にすることができ、排出側に配設されたバッテリセルの冷却効果を更に高めることができる。
【００１１】
請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１又は請求項２の発明において、前記抱持リブは前記バッテリセルを抱持する抱持端面が円弧状に形成されており、該抱持端面には周方向に溝部が形成され、該溝部に接着剤が充填されたことを特徴とする。
【００１２】
請求項３の発明では、溝部に充填された接着剤により抱持リブとバッテリセルとを接着するので、バッテリセルをバッテリケース内に確実に固定することができると共に、各隔室がシールされて区画され隣接する隔室に冷却空気が漏れないので、バッテリセルの冷却効果を高めることができる。
【００１３】
請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項１乃至請求項３いずれかの発明において、前記上蓋部材には該上蓋部材の長手方向に貫通しリード線を収容するトンネル部が形成されており、内部配線用リード線が前記バッテリケースの外部に露出していないことを特徴とする。
【００１４】
請求項４の発明では、上蓋部材の長手方向に該上蓋部材を貫通するトンネル部が形成されており、このトンネル部の中にリード線が配置され、バッテリケース外部への内部配線用リード線の露出をなくしている。リード線を外部へ露出させると、バッテリケース側においてリード線取り出し部分での気密構造が不可欠であり、リード線は防水コネクタ等による中継を要するため部品数も増え、作業面でも煩雑となる。請求項４の発明によれば、トンネル部の中にリード線が配置され、バッテリケース外部へのリード線の露出がないので、中継コネクタを必要とせず、かつ、気密状態を維持したままリード線の配線を行うことができる。
【００１５】
請求項５に記載の発明は、請求項１乃至請求項４いずれかの発明において、前記中蓋部材は該中蓋部材の長手方向に前記抱持リブを補強する補強リブを備えたことを特徴とする。
【００１６】
請求項５の発明では、中蓋部材が該中蓋部材の長手方向に抱持リブを補強する補強リブを備えているので、抱持リブ間の間隔が一定に保持されバッテリケースの剛性を高めることができると共に、中蓋部材内を上下方向に流通し補強リブにあたる冷却空気はバッテリセル側に案内されるので、バッテリセルの冷却効果を高めることができる。
【００１７】
請求項６に記載の発明は、請求項１乃至請求項５いずれかの発明において、前記下蓋部材には該下蓋部材の底面部に複数の足部が突設されており、該底面部は前記バッテリケースの載置面から離間されたことを特徴とする。
【００１８】
請求項６の発明では、下蓋部材には該下蓋部材の底面部に複数の足部が突設されており、該底面部はバッテリケースの載置面から離間されているので、ネジ等の突起物が存在している載置面にも電池モジュールを載置することができると共に、下壁面に形成された通風口を挿通して突起物がバッテリセルを損傷させることを防止することができ、電気的安全性も確保することができると共に、足部を基準点とすることによって中蓋部材及び上蓋部材の配設が円滑になり、作業性も向上させることができる。
【００１９】
請求項７に記載の発明は、請求項１乃至請求項６いずれかの発明において、前記露出されたバッテリセルの側面がバッテリセル間を直列に接続する接続部材で電気的に接続されたことを特徴とする。
【００２０】
請求項７の発明では、側面部材が取り付けられない状態でバッテリセルは、上蓋部材、中蓋部材及び下蓋部材により横置き状態で抱持され側面が露出されており、接続部材でバッテリセル間が電気的に接続される。請求項７の発明によれば、バッテリセルの側面が露出された状態で接続作業を行うことができるので、バッテリセル同士の接続を容易に行うことができる。
【００２１】
請求項８に記載の発明は、請求項１乃至請求項７いずれかの発明において、前記側面部材のいずれか一方の上部にはヒューズを下側から抱持する複数個のヒューズ抱持リブが突設されており、前記ヒューズは該ヒューズを上側から抱持するヒューズ抱持リブが内側に突設され前記ヒューズを覆うヒューズ蓋とで上下方向から抱持固定されたことを特徴とする。
【００２２】
請求項８の発明では、側面部材のいずれか一方の上部にヒューズを下側から抱持する複数個のヒューズ抱持リブが突設されており、ヒューズは該ヒューズを上側から抱持するヒューズ抱持リブが内側に突設されたヒューズ蓋とで上下方向から抱持固定される。請求項８の発明によれば、ヒューズは側面部材に突設されたヒューズ抱持リブとヒューズ蓋に形成されたヒューズ抱持リブとで上下方向から抱持固定されるので、ヒューズの取り付け作業性が向上すると共に、ヒューズは側面部材のいずれか一方の上部に配置されているので、バッテリケース外部からヒューズ蓋を外してヒューズの取り替えを容易に行うことができる。
【００２３】
請求項９に記載の発明は、請求項１乃至請求項８いずれかの発明において、前記側面部材のいずれか他方の上部には前記バッテリセルを制御するバッテリセルコントロールユニットが収納される収納部が配置され、該収納部には前記バッテリセルコントロールユニットを下側から支持する複数のユニット支持リブが突設されており、前記バッテリセルコントロールユニットは該バッテリセルコントロールユニットを上側から支持するユニット支持リブが内側に突設され前記収納部を覆うバッテリセルコントロールユニット蓋とで上下方向から挟持固定されたことを特徴とする。
【００２４】
請求項９の発明では、バッテリセルコントロールユニットは側面部材に突設されたユニット支持リブとバッテリセルコントロールユニット蓋の内側に突設されたユニット支持リブとで上下方向から挟持固定されるので、バッテリセルコントロールユニットを固定する構造体が不要となり、バッテリセルコントロールユニットの取付作業性が向上すると共に、バッテリケース外部からバッテリセルコントロールユニット蓋を外してバッテリセルコントロールユニットの取り替えを容易に行うことができる。
【００２５】
請求項１０に記載の発明は、請求項８の発明において、前記側面部材のいずれか一方の上部に前記ヒューズを跨ぎ絶縁部材を介して外部出力端子が立設されたことを特徴とする。
【００２６】
請求項１０の発明では、外部出力端子がヒューズを跨ぎ絶縁部材を介して立設され外部出力端子間の距離が確保されるので、外部短絡に対して電気的安全性を高めることができると共に、外部出力端子が側面部材のいずれか一方の上部に立設されているので、電源の取り出しが容易となる。
【００２７】
請求項１１に記載の発明は、請求項９の発明において、前記収納部は前記上蓋部材に跨乗されたことを特徴とする。
【００２８】
請求項１１の発明では、収納部を上蓋部材に跨乗するようにしたので、バッテリセルコントロールユニット及びバッテリセルコントロールユニットに接続されるリード線の集結スペースを広く確保することができ、リード線の集結作業性も向上する。
【００２９】
そして、請求項１２に記載の発明は、請求項１乃至請求項１１のいずれか１項に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造を備えたことを特徴とする電池モジュールである。
【００３０】
請求項１２の発明では、上述した電気自動車用バッテリ構造を備えているので、冷却性に優れると共にバッテリセルを確実に固定することができ、組立作業性を向上させた電池モジュールとすることができる。
【００３１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して、本発明に係る電気自動車用電池モジュールの実施の形態について説明する。
【００３２】
（構成）
まず、本実施形態の電池モジュールの構成について説明する。
【００３３】
図１に示すように、本実施形態の電池モジュール１は、電池モジュール１の筐体となり、５部品の樹脂成形品からなる電気的絶縁性のバッテリケース２を備えている。バッテリケース２の上部（後述する上蓋４）には、バッテリケース２の長手方向と交差する方向（以下、横方向という。）に略三角形状の吊り下げフック１５が突設されている。各吊り下げフック１５には貫通孔が形成されており、この貫通孔にバッテリケース２の長手方向に吊り下げ紐２８の両端が結紐されている。このため、電池モジュール１は吊り下げ紐２８を把持して移動させることが可能である。
【００３４】
バッテリケース２内には、マンガン酸リチウム等を主要構成材料として熱伝導性の高いケーシングで被覆された高性能バッテリセル９が配設されており、バッテリセル９同士は電気的に直列に接続されている（図５参照）。図２に示すように、バッテリセル９は発熱膨張時の耐圧性を高めるために円柱形状とされており、その両側端部にネジ穴が形成された端子１０が突設されている。また、バッテリセル９の外周面は、電気的絶縁性及び熱シュリンク性を有する樹脂製の外装チューブ１１で被覆されている。
【００３５】
バッテリケース２は、図３に示すように、上蓋部材としての上蓋４、中蓋部材としての中蓋５及び下蓋部材としての下蓋６に分割されたバッテリケース本体３と、図１に示すように、バッテリケース本体３の両側端部に嵌合固定される側面部材としてのサイドカバーＡ７及びサイドカバーＢ８と、で構成されている。バッテリケース本体３には横４列、縦２列の計８個のバッテリセル９が配設され、上蓋４、中蓋５、下蓋６でバッテリセル９を上下方向から挟み込むように挟持する構造とされている（図５参照）。なお、上蓋４、中蓋５及び下蓋６のそれぞれの継ぎ合わせ端面は合決構造とされている（図６参照）。
【００３６】
図３及び図４に示すように、バッテリケース本体３を構成する上蓋４、中蓋５、下蓋６には、抱持リブとしての第一リブ１２ａ、第二リブ１２ｂ、第三リブ１２ｃ、第四リブ１２ｄ、第五リブ１２ｅの５つの半円状リブ部１２がそれぞれ上蓋４、中蓋５、下蓋６と一体に形成されている。このうち第一リブ１２ａ及び第五リブ１２ｅは、バッテリセル９の極板群両端部を抱持する位置に形成されており、他の半円状リブ部よりも大きな幅とされている。また、第二リブ１２ｂ及び第四リブ１２ｄは上蓋４の外側に突設された吊り下げフック１５に対応する位置に、第三リブ１２ｃはバッテリセル９の長手方向のちょうど中心となる位置に形成されている。これら半円状リブ部１２のバッテリセル抱持端面周方向中央には接着剤を充填してバッテリセル９を固定するための溝部としての充填溝１３が形成されている。
【００３７】
また、下蓋６には、半円状リブ部１２が形成された位置を避けて、バッテリセル９を空冷するために冷却空気の導入側開口となる矩形状の多数の導入側通風孔１４ｂが形成されている。中蓋５には、５つの半円状リブ部１２を補強して第一リブ１２ａ、第二リブ１２ｂ、第三リブ１２ｃ、第四リブ１２ｄ、第五リブ１２ｅの位置を上述した所定位置に保持する３本の断面十字状（図６参照）の補強リブとしての十字状リブ３３が第二リブ１２ｂ、第三リブ１２ｃ、第四リブ１２ｄを貫通して第一リブ１２ａと第五リブ１２ｅとの間に延設されている。これら３本の十字状リブ３３は横方向に等間隔で配設されている。上蓋４には、下蓋６と同様に半円状リブ部１２が形成された位置を避けて、冷却空気の排出側開口となる細長の多数の排出側通風孔１４ａが形成されている。排出側通風孔１４ａの開口面積は導入側通風孔１４ｂの開口面積より小さく、その数も導入側通風孔１４ｂより多く形成されている。また、この上蓋４に形成された排出側通風孔１４ａの総開口面積は下蓋６に形成された導入側通風孔１４ｂの総開口面積の１／２とされている。
【００３８】
更に、図３に示すように、上蓋４には上蓋４の長手方向に貫通し後述する電圧検出リードを収容するためのトンネル部としてのトンネル１９が３本形成されている。また、図６に示すように、下蓋６の底面部４箇所からは円錐台形状の足部２７が突設されている。
【００３９】
図１、図８及び図９に示すように、サイドカバーＡ７の上部には、断面Ｕ字状の絶縁部材としての接触防止カバー３５に側面を覆われ正極及び負極外部出力端子となるターミナルポスト２０が立設されている。これらのターミナルポスト２０はサイドカバーＡ７に固定されたポスト−セル間接続金具２１に支持されている。正極側のターミナルポスト２０はヒューズ２２を介して最高電位側のバッテリセル９に電気的に接続されている。ヒューズ２２は円筒状の形状を有し、その両端をサイドカバーＡ７に固定されたヒューズ−セル間接続金具２３にボルト止めされおり、底部がサイドカバーＡ７と一体に形成されサイドカバーＡ７の上部から突設された複数の円弧状のヒューズ抱持リブ３４で抱持されている。また、ヒューズ２２は安全性及び防水性を確保するために、ヒューズ防水パッキン２４ａを介してヒューズ蓋２５に覆われている。ヒューズ蓋２５の内側には、サイドカバーＡ７に突設されたヒューズ抱持リブ３４と同形状で対称形の複数の図示しないヒューズ抱持リブがヒューズ蓋２５と一体にヒューズ２２方向に突設形成されている。このため、ヒューズ２２はサイドカバーＡ７に突設されたヒューズ抱持リブ３４とヒューズ蓋２５に突設された図示しないヒューズ抱持リブとで上下両方向から抱持固定されている。なお、サイドカバーＡ７には、最高電位側及び最低電位（グランド）側のバッテリセル９の端子に形成されたネジ穴にブスバネジを螺合させてポスト−セル間接続金具２１との接続作業性を向上させるための２箇所の作業孔が形成されている。
【００４０】
図７に示すように、サイドカバーＢ８の上部には、各バッテリセル９の電圧を検出してバッテリセル９間の電圧を均一に調整・制御すると共にバッテリセル９の温度を監視するセルコントロールユニット１７（図１０参照）を収納する収納部としてのセルコントロールユニット収納部３２が突設されている。セルコントロールユニット収納部３２にはセルコントロールユニット１７を下側から支持する複数の図示しないユニット支持リブが立設されている。セルコントロールユニット１７には各バッテリセル９の両端電圧を検出するためのリード線としての電圧検出リード１８及び特定のバッテリセル９の温度を検出するために先端部にサーミスタが接続されたサーミスタコネクタ３０が内部配線用リード線として接続されている。
【００４１】
図１及び図７に示すように、セルコントロールユニット収納部３２はサイドカバーＢ８の上部をはみ出して上蓋４の上部にも跨乗され、セルコントロールユニット蓋２６により覆われている。セルコントロールユニット蓋２６の内側には、セルコントロールユニット１７を上側から支持する複数の図示しないユニット支持リブが一体に立設されている。このため、セルコントロールユニット１７はセルコントロールユニット収納部３２及びセルコントロールユニット蓋２６のそれぞれのユニット支持リブにより上下方向から挟持固定されている。また、セルコントロールユニット収納部３２からは電気自動車の制御部と通信を行うための通信線が集結された通信ハーネス２９が導出されており、通信ハーネス２９は上蓋４の上部に固定されている。
【００４２】
（組立）
次に、本実施形態の電池モジュール１の組立手順について説明する。
【００４３】
図３及び図４に示すように、バッテリケース本体３は、最下層の下蓋６に一体に形成された半円状リブ部１２ａ〜１２ｅにバッテリセル９の外周を当接させて横４列に配設し、次いで上下面に下蓋６の半円状リブ部１２ａ〜１２ｅと対応してバッテリセル９を挟持する半円状リブ部１２ａ〜１２ｅを有した中蓋５を重ね、また同じようにバッテリセル９を横４列に配設し、その上面に上蓋４に一体に形成された半円状リブ部１２ａ〜１２ｅがバッテリセル９の外周に当接するように重ね、上下方向から加圧し固定する。なお、半円状リブ部１２のバッテリセル抱持端面に形成された充填溝１３にはバッテリセル９の配設前にポリウレタン系接着剤を充填する。
【００４４】
次に、図５に示すように、導電性のセル間ブスバ１６の両端に形成されたビス孔に平ワッシャを介してブスバネジを挿通しバッテリセル９の端子１０に形成されたねじ穴にブスバネジを螺着して各バッテリセル９を直列に接続する。
【００４５】
次いで、図７乃至図９に示すように、ターミナルポスト２０、ポスト−セル間接続金具２１、ヒューズ２２、ヒューズ−セル間接続金具２３が予め組み付けられたサイドカバーＡ７、及び、セルコントロールユニット収納部３２内にセルコントロールユニット１７が予め組み付けられたサイドカバーＢ８、をバッテリケース本体３に嵌合固定する。これらのサイドカバーＡ７、Ｂ８の嵌合固定に先だって、サイドカバーＢ８側では、セルコントロールユニット収納部３２から導出された電圧検出リード１８をセル間ブスバ１６に接続し、サーミスタコネクタ３０をセルコントロールユニット収納部３２に接続し、サイドカバーＡ７側では、最高電位側及び最低電位側のバッテリセル９の端子にブスバネジを螺合させポスト−セル間接続金具２１との接続を行う。なお、電圧検出リード１８のサイドカバーＡ７側のセル間ブスバ１６への接続にあたっては、電圧検出リード１８をサイドカバーＢ８側からサイドカバーＡ７側へトンネル１９内を挿通させる。
【００４６】
そして、図１０及び図１１に示すように、セルコントロールユニット収納部３２内でコネクタ接続を行った後、ヒューズ２２及びセルコントロールユニット１７をそれぞれヒューズ防水パッキン２４ａ、セルコントロール防水パッキン２４ｂを介してヒューズ蓋２５、セルフコントロールユニット蓋２６で覆いこれらの蓋をビス止めする。次に、外部通信ハーネス２９を上蓋４にビスで固定し、サイドカバーＡ７の２箇所の作業孔に化粧蓋３１をはめ込んで電池モジュール１が組み立てられる。
【００４７】
（作用等）
次に、本実施形態の電池モジュール１の作用等について説明する。
【００４８】
本実施形態の電池モジュール１では、バッテリセル９をバッテリケース２内に横置きにして、複数個の半円状リブ部１２でバッテリセル９を挟持している。しかもバッテリセル９を半円状リブ部１２の抱持端面の充填溝１３に接着剤を充填して固定している。従って、車載され振動が加わるバッテリセル９をバッテリケース２内に整然と、しかも遊動することなく固定することができる。このため、バッテリケース２内でバッテリセル９の良好な支持安定性を得ることができる。また、半円状リブ部１２の周方向中央に充填溝１３が形成されているので、接着剤の半円状リブ部１２からのはみ出しが少なくなる。
【００４９】
また、図６に示すように、半円状リブ部１２でバッテリセル９の長手方向に複数隔成された各隔室は、下蓋６、上蓋４に形成された多数の導入側通気孔１４ｂ、排出側通気孔１４ａを通して冷却空気がバッテリセル９の側面に下側方向から上側方向へ流通する。従って、バッテリケース２に収容された個々のバッテリセル９の全長に亘ってほぼ均等に冷却空気を行き渡らせることができ、各バッテリセル９の冷却を良好に行うことができる。このように電池モジュール１では、バッテリ全体の冷却性能を高めることができるので、電池モジュール１が有する本来の仕様性能を発揮することができると共に、一般に５０°Ｃ程度の高温環境で寿命が短くなるといわれているマンガン酸リチウムを主要構成材料としたリチウムイオン二次電池を使用した場合にもバッテリセル９の寿命を短くすることもない。このため、本実施形態の電池モジュール１は、電気自動車用の電源として好適である。
【００５０】
また、冷却空気の導入側である下蓋６に形成された導入側通風孔１４ｂの総開口面積は、排出側である上蓋４に形成された排出側通風孔１４ａの総開口面積に比べて２倍とし、排出側通風孔１４ａの開口面積を導入側通風孔１４ｂの開口面積より小さくしその数も導入側通風孔１４ｂより多く形成している。このため、より多くの冷却空気を導入側から導入することができると共に、排出側で排出側通風孔１４ａの総開口面積が１／２とされ冷却空気の流路が絞られるので、排出側の冷却空気の流速は増加する。本実施形態では、下蓋６と中蓋５とに挟持されたバッテリセル９の放熱により冷却空気の温度が上昇するので、冷却空気の流速を排出側で増大させることにより中蓋５と上蓋４との間に挟持されたバッテリセル９の温度を下蓋６と中蓋５とに挟持されたバッテリセル９の温度と均一にしてバッテリセル９間の冷却ムラをなくしている。これは冷却空気の流速を増大させるとその平方根に比例して冷却効果が増すことを利用したものである。更に、充填溝１３に接着剤を充填してバッテリセル９の外周部と半円状リブ部１２とがシールされているので、隣接する隔室間に冷却空気が漏れずバッテリセル９の冷却効果を高めることができる。
【００５１】
更に、バッテリケース２はその内側にバッテリセル９の長手方向に複数に区画する半円状リブ部１２を備えている。このため、バッテリケース２自体の横方向の剛性を高めることができ、バッテリケース２内に配設されるバッテリセル９のセルケースがバッテリケース２の長手方向の剛性を高めている。即ち、バッテリセル９の剛性が高いため、バッテリセル９自体がバッテリケース２の剛性を上げる梁としての機能を有している。また、バッテリセル９内で最も重いのは極板群であり、この極板群両端部に対応する位置を幅の大きい第一リブ１２ａ及び第五リブ１２ｅで支持し、吊り下げフック１５に対応する位置に第二リブ１２ｂ及び第四リブ１２ｄを配設し、第三リブ１２ｃをバッテリセル９の長手方向中心に配設したので、これらの半円状リブ部１２によってバッテリケース２の剛性が向上されている。更に、中蓋４は３本の十字状リブ３３を有しているので、中蓋４の半円状リブ部１２が補強され、これらの半円状リブ部１２の位置を上蓋４及び下蓋６の位置に対応して保持することができる。そして、図６に示すように、十字状リブ３３は冷却空気をバッテリセル９側に案内するのでバッテリセル９の冷却効果を更に高めることができる。
【００５２】
また、バッテリケース本体３を上蓋４、中蓋５、下蓋６に分割したので、バッテリセル９の配設作業と同時にバッテリケース本体３の組立て作業を行うことができ、電池モジュール１の組立作業性を向上させることができる。更に、サイドカバーＡ７とサイドカバーＢ８とをバッテリケース本体３に嵌合固定していない状態で、図５に示すように、各バッテリセル９の端子部はバッテリケース本体３から露出しているので、セル間ブスバ１６を使ってバッテリセル９同士の電気的接続作業を容易に行うことができる。
【００５３】
また、図７に示すように、セルコントロールユニット１７に各バッテリセル９の電圧を伝える電圧検出リード１８を予めサイドカバーＢ８に配置固定し、上蓋４の長手方向に貫通するトンネル１９中に電圧検出リード１８を配線・収容するようにしたので、バッテリケース２外部へのリード線類の露出がない。電圧検出リード１８を外部へ露出させると、防水コネクタ等による中継を要するため部品数も増え、また、バッテリケース２側においてリード線取り出し部分での気密構造が不可欠となり作業面でも煩雑となる。本実施形態では、気密状態を維持したまま電圧検出リード１８の配線が可能となるので、防水（中継）コネクタ等を必要とせず作業面でも簡素化を図ることができ、電圧検出リード１８が露出していないので、損傷することもない。
【００５４】
また、本実施形態では、ヒューズ２２を抱持するヒューズ抱持リブ３４をサイドカバーＡ７に一体成形で突設させ、ヒューズ抱持リブ３４と同形状のヒューズ抱持リブを内側に備えたヒューズ蓋２５とでヒューズ２２を抱持固定している。このため、ヒューズ２２をサイドカバーＡ７上に載置することによって、予めヒューズ２２の取り付け作業を行うことができるので、電池モジュール１の組立作業性を向上させることができる。また、ヒューズ２２はサイドカバーＡ７の上部に配置されヒューズ蓋２５で覆われているだけなので、バッテリケース２の外部からのヒューズ２２の取り替え作業が容易となる。更に、サイドカバーＡ７にはターミナルポスト２０、ポスト−セル間接続金具２１、ヒューズ２２、ヒューズ−セル間接続金具２３を予め組み付けておくことができるので、電池モジュール１の組立作業性を向上させることができる。
【００５５】
また、本実施形態では、セルコントロールユニット１７はセルコントロールユニット収納部３２及びセルコントロールユニット蓋２６のそれぞれのユニット支持リブにより上下方向から挟持固定されている。セルコントロールユニット収納部３２をサイドカバーＢ８と一体に配置しユニット支持リブで上下方向からセルコントロールユニット１７を挟持固定する構造としたので、セルコントロールユニット１７を固定するための構造体が不要となり、組み付け時の作業性を向上させることができる。また、セルコントロールユニット１７はセルコントロールユニット蓋２６に覆われサイドカバーＢ８の上部に配置されているので、セルコントロールユニット蓋２６をセルコントロールユニット収納部３２に固定するビスを外してバッテリケース３の外部からのセルコントロールユニット１７の取り替えを容易に行うことができる。
【００５６】
更に、図６に示すように、下蓋６の底面部には４つの足部２７が突設されており、バッテリケース２と電池モジュール１の載置面とに距離が画定され載置面に直接接触しないので、ネジ等の金属物が存在している載置面にバッテリケース２を載置した場合でも、金属物が導入側通風孔１４ｂを挿通してバッテリセル９に接触しないため電池モジュール１を損傷させることはない。このため、電池モジュール１の安全性が向上する。また、足部２７を基準点とすることによって、バッテリケース本体３を構成する下蓋６、中蓋５及び上蓋４同士の配設が円滑となり、作業性も向上する。
【００５７】
更にまた、本実施形態では、ターミナルポスト２０がヒューズ２２を跨ぐ位置に立設され十分な離間距離が確保されていると共に、ターミナルポスト２０は接触防止カバー３５で側面が覆われているので、両ターミナルポスト間の外部短絡事故を防止することができ、電気的安全性が確保されている。
【００５８】
そして、本実施形態では、セルコントロールユニット収納部３２を上蓋４に跨乗させるようにしたので、セルコントロールユニット１７及びセルコントロールユニット１７に接続される電圧検出リード１８等のリード線集結スペースを広く確保することができ、組立作業性の向上を図ることができる。
【００５９】
なお、本実施形態では、横４列、縦２列にバッテリセル９を配設した電池モジュール１について例示したが、本発明は上述した縦横の列数に限定されるものではない。例えば、縦方向を３列にするには、中蓋５をもう一つ設けて中蓋５間にバッテリセル９を配設すればよい。また、長手方向においても、例えば、バッテリセル９同士を横置き状態で直列に接続する接続金具を用いて２本のバッテリセルをタンデム接続し、バッテリセルの側面露出部をサイドカバーで覆うようにしてもよい。
【００６０】
また、本実施形態では、電池モジュール１の組立手順についても例示したが、本発明は例示した組立手順に限定されるものでもなく、上述した特許請求の範囲において種々の態様を採ることができる。
【００６１】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、複数個の柱状バッテリセルはバッテリケース内で横置き状態で複数個の抱持リブで上下方向から抱持されて配設されているので、バッテリセルをバッテリケース内に整然と、しかも遊動することなく配設することができ、バッテリセルの支持安定性を良好にすることができる。また、抱持リブでバッテリケースの長手方向に複数に区画された各隔室には、上蓋部材及び下蓋部材に形成された通気口を介して冷却空気がバッテリセル側面に上下方向から流通するので、バッテリケース内のバッテリセル個々の全長に亘って冷却空気を行き渡らせることができ、バッテリセル個々の冷却を良好に行え、電池モジュール全体の冷却性能を高めることができる。更に、冷却空気の導入側であるバッテリケースの下壁面に形成された複数個の通風口の総開口面積は排出側である上壁面に形成された複数個の通風口の総開口面積より大きいので、より多くの冷却空気を導入することができると共に、排出側の総開口面積が小さく排出側では冷却空気の流速が増大するので、排出側に配設されたバッテリセルの冷却効果を高めることができる。また、バッテリケースはその内側にバッテリケースを長手方向に複数の隔室に区画する抱持リブを備えているので、バッテリケース自体の横方向の剛性を高めることができると共に、バッテリケースの長手方向の剛性も高めることができる。更に、バッテリセルを抱持する抱持リブが上蓋部材、中蓋部材及び下蓋部材に分割構成されているので、バッテリセルの配設作業と共にバッテリケースの組立て作業を行うことができ、電池モジュールの組立作業性を向上させることができる。また、横置き状態で抱持されたバッテリセルの側面露出部を覆う２つの側面部材が別部材とされているので、側面露出部でバッテリセル同士の電気的接続作業性を高めることができる、という効果を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明が適用可能な実施形態の電池モジュールの外観斜視図である。
【図２】実施形態の電池モジュールに使用されるバッテリセルの外観斜視図である。
【図３】本実施形態の電池モジュールに使用されるバッテリケース本体の分解外観斜視図である。
【図４】バッテリセルを下蓋に配置した状態を示した下蓋の外観斜視図である。
【図５】セル間ブスバが取り付けられる状態を示したバッテリケース本体の外観斜視図である。
【図６】本実施形態の電池モジュールの断面図である。
【図７】サイドカバーＢが取り付けられる状態を示したバッテリケース本体及びサイドカバーＢの外観斜視図である。
【図８】サイドカバーＡが取り付けられる状態を示したバッテリケース本体及びサイドカバーＡの外観斜視図である。
【図９】サイドカバーＡに組み付けられる部品の組み付け状態を示した外観斜視図である。
【図１０】セルコントロールユニット蓋の取り付け状態を示した外観斜視図である。
【図１１】ヒューズ蓋の取り付け状態を示した外観斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 電池モジュール
２ バッテリケース
３ バッテリケース本体
４ 上蓋（上蓋部材）
５ 中蓋（中蓋部材）
６ 下蓋（下蓋部材）
７ サイドカバーＡ（側面部材）
８ サイドカバーＢ（側面部材）
９ バッテリセル
１２ａ 第一リブ（抱持リブ）
１２ｂ 第二リブ（抱持リブ）
１２ｃ 第三リブ（抱持リブ）
１２ｄ 第四リブ（抱持リブ）
１２ｅ 第五リブ（抱持リブ）
１３ 充填溝（溝部）
１４ａ 排出側通風孔（通風口）
１４ｂ 導入側通風孔（通風口）
１６ セル間ブスバ（接続部材）
１７ セルコントロールユニット
１８ 電圧検出リード（リード線）
１９ トンネル（トンネル部）
２０ ターミナルポスト（外部出力端子）
２２ ヒューズ
２５ ヒューズ蓋
２６ セルコントロールユニット蓋
２７ 足部
３２ セルコントロールユニット収納部（収納部）
３３ 十字状リブ（補強リブ）
３４ ヒューズ抱持リブ
３５ 接触防止カバー（絶縁部材）[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a battery structure for an electric vehicle and a battery module, and more particularly, to a battery structure for an electric vehicle in which a plurality of columnar battery cells are housed in a battery case and the battery cells are electrically connected, and the electric vehicle. The present invention relates to a battery module having a battery structure for use.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A battery module for an electric vehicle uses a plurality of high-performance, high-capacity battery cells made mainly of lithium oxide or the like. In general, such a battery cell has a strip shape in which an active material is applied to a metal foil for both a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a cross section is wound in a spiral shape with a separator so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are not in direct contact with each other. A wound columnar structure is adopted. A battery cell for an electric vehicle has a relatively large amount of heat generated during charging and discharging, and also has a temperature dependency of battery performance. Therefore, it is necessary to improve cooling performance in order to ensure predetermined performance of the battery cell.
[0003]
In order to improve the cooling performance of the battery cell, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-47892, the battery cell is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the battery cell is vertically moved by two plates made of a material having high thermal conductivity. A technique is disclosed in which an air passage is formed between the upper and lower plates by being sandwiched between and fixed to the vehicle body via the plate. According to this technique, since air can flow through the ventilation path between the hollow portion of the battery and the plate, the battery cell can be cooled.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the technique of the above publication, since the ventilation path is formed between the upper and lower plates, heat is easily trapped because the ventilation path is narrow, and when battery cells are arranged in the front and rear, each battery There is a problem that uneven cooling occurs in the cell.
[0005]
In addition, the battery cell is easily displaced in the axial direction between the upper and lower plates, and is sandwiched with a cushioning material (anti-vibration material) to prevent this, so the ventilation path is further narrowed and the cooling performance is deteriorated. There is a problem that it will. Furthermore, since the cushioning material is sandwiched and fixed, assembly workability is poor and handling is difficult.
[0006]
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a battery structure for an electric vehicle that has excellent cooling performance, can securely fix battery cells, and can improve assembly workability, and a battery module including the battery structure. This is the issue.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problem, the invention according to claim 1 is a battery structure for an electric vehicle in which a plurality of columnar battery cells are housed in a battery case, and the battery cells are electrically connected. A plurality of vent holes for flowing cooling air in the vertical direction are formed in the upper and lower cover members constituting the upper and lower wall surfaces of the case, respectively, and the total opening area of the vent holes formed in the lower wall surface is the upper wall surface. An upper lid member having a plurality of holding ribs that are larger than the total opening area of the ventilation holes formed in the battery compartment and that divide the battery case into a plurality of compartments in the longitudinal direction and hold the battery cells in a horizontally placed state; An inner lid member and a lower lid member, and two side members covering the side exposed portions of the battery cells held in the horizontal position are provided.
[0008]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the plurality of columnar battery cells are arranged in the battery case so as to be held in the vertical direction by the plurality of holding ribs in the horizontal state, so that the battery cells are placed in the battery case. The battery cells can be arranged in an orderly manner without floating, and the support stability of the battery cell can be improved. Cooling air is supplied to the compartments partitioned by the holding ribs in the longitudinal direction of the battery case through the vents formed in the upper and lower cover members constituting the upper and lower wall surfaces of the battery case. Since it circulates to the side of the cell from the top and bottom, the cooling air can be spread over the entire length of each battery cell in the battery case, the individual battery cells can be cooled well, and the cooling performance of the entire battery module can be improved. Can do. Further, the total opening area of the plurality of ventilation openings formed on the lower wall surface of the battery case on the cooling air introduction side is larger than the total opening area of the plurality of ventilation openings formed on the upper wall surface on the discharge side. Since more cooling air can be introduced and the total opening area on the discharge side is small and the flow velocity of the cooling air is increased on the discharge side, the cooling effect of the battery cells disposed on the discharge side can be enhanced. it can. In addition, since the battery case includes a holding rib that divides the battery case into a plurality of compartments in the longitudinal direction on the inside thereof, the rigidity of the battery case itself in the lateral direction (direction intersecting the longitudinal direction) can be increased. In addition, since the battery cell has high rigidity, the battery cell itself functions as a beam for increasing the rigidity of the battery case. Therefore, the rigidity of the battery case in the longitudinal direction can be increased. Further, since the holding rib for holding the battery cell is divided into the upper lid member, the middle lid member and the lower lid member, the battery case can be assembled together with the battery cell arrangement work, and the battery module Assembling workability can be improved. Moreover, since the two side surface members that cover the side surface exposed portions of the battery cells held in the horizontal state are separate members, the electrical connection workability between the battery cells can be enhanced by the side surface exposed portions.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the opening area of the ventilation openings formed in the upper wall surface is smaller than the opening area of the ventilation openings formed in the lower wall surface, and The number of ventilation openings formed on the upper wall surface is greater than the number of ventilation openings formed on the lower wall surface.
[0010]
In the invention of claim 2, since the opening area of the ventilation openings formed on the upper wall surface is smaller than the opening area of the ventilation openings formed on the lower wall surface, the ventilation opening on the discharge side is narrowed to ensure the flow velocity. Since the number of ventilation holes formed on the upper wall surface is larger than the number of ventilation holes formed on the lower wall surface, the cooling air can be discharged evenly and disposed on the discharge side. The cooling effect of the battery cell thus made can be further enhanced.
[0011]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, the holding rib has a holding end surface that holds the battery cell in an arc shape, and the holding end surface includes A groove is formed in the circumferential direction, and the groove is filled with an adhesive.
[0012]
In the invention of claim 3, since the holding rib and the battery cell are bonded by the adhesive filled in the groove portion, the battery cell can be securely fixed in the battery case and each compartment is sealed. Since the cooling air does not leak into the partitioned and adjacent compartments, the cooling effect of the battery cell can be enhanced.
[0013]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, the upper lid member is formed with a tunnel portion that penetrates in a longitudinal direction of the upper lid member and accommodates a lead wire. The wiring lead wire is not exposed to the outside of the battery case.
[0014]
In the invention of claim 4, a tunnel portion penetrating the upper lid member is formed in the longitudinal direction of the upper lid member, a lead wire is disposed in the tunnel portion, and the lead wire for internal wiring to the outside of the battery case is arranged. The exposure is lost. When the lead wire is exposed to the outside, an airtight structure at the lead wire take-out portion is indispensable on the battery case side, and the lead wire needs to be relayed by a waterproof connector or the like, so that the number of parts increases and the work becomes complicated. According to the invention of claim 4, since the lead wire is disposed in the tunnel portion and the lead wire is not exposed to the outside of the battery case, the lead wire does not need a relay connector and is maintained in an airtight state. Wiring can be performed.
[0015]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the inner lid member includes a reinforcing rib that reinforces the holding rib in a longitudinal direction of the inner lid member. And
[0016]
In the invention of claim 5, since the inner lid member is provided with the reinforcing rib for reinforcing the holding rib in the longitudinal direction of the inner lid member, the interval between the holding ribs is kept constant and the rigidity of the battery case is increased. In addition, since the cooling air that flows in the vertical direction in the inner lid member and corresponds to the reinforcing rib is guided to the battery cell side, the cooling effect of the battery cell can be enhanced.
[0017]
The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lower lid member has a plurality of legs projecting from the bottom surface of the lower lid member. Is separated from the mounting surface of the battery case.
[0018]
In the invention of claim 6, the lower lid member has a plurality of legs projecting from the bottom surface of the lower lid member, and the bottom surface is separated from the mounting surface of the battery case. The battery module can be mounted on the mounting surface on which the protrusion is present, and the protrusion can be prevented from damaging the battery cell by inserting the ventilation hole formed in the lower wall surface. In addition, electrical safety can be ensured, and by using the foot as a reference point, the inner lid member and the upper lid member can be smoothly arranged, and workability can be improved.
[0019]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, the side surfaces of the exposed battery cells are electrically connected by a connection member that connects the battery cells in series. Features.
[0020]
In the invention of claim 7, the battery cell is held in a horizontal state by the upper lid member, the middle lid member, and the lower lid member in a state where the side member is not attached, and the side surface is exposed, and the battery cell is connected between the battery cells by the connecting member. Are electrically connected. According to the seventh aspect of the invention, since the connection work can be performed with the side surfaces of the battery cells exposed, the battery cells can be easily connected to each other.
[0021]
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, a plurality of fuse holding ribs for holding a fuse from the lower side protrude from an upper portion of any one of the side members. The fuse is characterized in that a fuse holding rib for holding the fuse from the upper side protrudes inward and is held and fixed from above and below by a fuse lid covering the fuse.
[0022]
In the invention of claim 8, a plurality of fuse holding ribs for holding the fuse from the lower side protrude from the upper part of any one of the side members, and the fuse holds the fuse from the upper side. A holding rib is held and fixed from above and below by a fuse lid protruding inward. According to the invention of claim 8, since the fuse is held and fixed from above and below by the fuse holding rib protruding from the side member and the fuse holding rib formed on the fuse lid, the fuse mounting workability Since the fuse is arranged at the upper part of one of the side members, the fuse can be easily replaced by removing the fuse lid from the outside of the battery case.
[0023]
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to eighth aspects of the present invention, a storage portion that stores a battery cell control unit that controls the battery cell is provided on the other upper portion of the side member. And a plurality of unit support ribs for supporting the battery cell control unit from the lower side. The unit support ribs support the battery cell control unit from the upper side. And a battery cell control unit cover that protrudes inward and covers the storage portion, and is fixed in a vertical direction.
[0024]
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the battery cell control unit is sandwiched and fixed from above and below by the unit support rib protruding from the side member and the unit support rib protruding from the inside of the battery cell control unit lid. A structure for fixing the cell control unit is not required, and the workability of mounting the battery cell control unit is improved, and the battery cell control unit can be easily replaced by removing the battery cell control unit cover from the outside of the battery case. .
[0025]
According to a tenth aspect of the invention, in the eighth aspect of the invention, an external output terminal is erected on an upper portion of any one of the side members across the fuse via an insulating member.
[0026]
In the invention of claim 10, since the external output terminal is erected across the fuse via the insulating member and the distance between the external output terminals is ensured, the electrical safety can be enhanced against an external short circuit, Since the external output terminal is erected on any one of the side members, the power supply can be easily taken out.
[0027]
According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the ninth aspect of the invention, the storage portion is straddled over the upper lid member.
[0028]
In the invention of claim 11, since the storage portion is straddled over the upper lid member, it is possible to ensure a wide space for collecting the battery cell control unit and the lead wires connected to the battery cell control unit. Concentration workability is also improved.
[0029]
A twelfth aspect of the invention is a battery module comprising the battery structure for an electric vehicle according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects.
[0030]
In the invention of claim 12, since the battery structure for an electric vehicle described above is provided, it is possible to provide a battery module that is excellent in cooling performance, can securely fix the battery cell, and has improved assembly workability. .
[0031]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of a battery module for an electric vehicle according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0032]
(Constitution)
First, the configuration of the battery module of this embodiment will be described.
[0033]
As shown in FIG. 1, the battery module 1 of the present embodiment is a casing of the battery module 1 and includes an electrically insulating battery case 2 made of a resin molded product of five parts. A substantially triangular hanging hook 15 projects from the upper part of the battery case 2 (an upper lid 4 described later) in a direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the battery case 2 (hereinafter referred to as a lateral direction). Each suspension hook 15 is formed with a through hole, and both ends of a suspension string 28 are tied to the through hole in the longitudinal direction of the battery case 2. For this reason, the battery module 1 can hold and move the hanging strap 28.
[0034]
In the battery case 2, high performance battery cells 9 covered with a casing having high thermal conductivity made of lithium manganate or the like as a main constituent material are disposed, and the battery cells 9 are electrically connected in series. (See FIG. 5). As shown in FIG. 2, the battery cell 9 has a cylindrical shape in order to enhance pressure resistance during expansion of heat generation, and terminals 10 having screw holes formed at both end portions thereof are projected. Moreover, the outer peripheral surface of the battery cell 9 is covered with a resin-made outer tube 11 having electrical insulation and thermal shrinkage.
[0035]
As shown in FIG. 3, the battery case 2 includes a battery case body 3 divided into an upper lid 4 as an upper lid member, an inner lid 5 as an intermediate lid member, and a lower lid 6 as a lower lid member; Thus, it is comprised by the side cover A7 and side cover B8 as a side member fitted and fixed to the both ends of the battery case main body 3. The battery case body 3 is provided with a total of eight battery cells 9 in four rows and two rows, and the battery cell 9 is sandwiched between the upper lid 4, the inner lid 5 and the lower lid 6 so as to be sandwiched from above and below. (See FIG. 5). In addition, each joining end surface of the upper lid 4, the inner lid 5, and the lower lid 6 has a consensus structure (see FIG. 6).
[0036]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the upper lid 4, the inner lid 5, and the lower lid 6 constituting the battery case body 3 are provided with a first rib 12 a, a second rib 12 b, a third rib 12 c as a holding rib, Five semicircular rib portions 12 of the fourth rib 12d and the fifth rib 12e are formed integrally with the upper lid 4, the inner lid 5, and the lower lid 6, respectively. Among these, the 1st rib 12a and the 5th rib 12e are formed in the position which holds the both ends of the electrode group of the battery cell 9, and are made into the width | variety larger than another semicircle-shaped rib part. Further, the second rib 12b and the fourth rib 12d are formed at a position corresponding to the hanging hook 15 projecting from the outer side of the upper lid 4, and the third rib 12c is formed at a position just at the center in the longitudinal direction of the battery cell 9. Has been. At the center of the semicircular rib portion 12 in the circumferential direction of the battery cell holding end surface, a filling groove 13 is formed as a groove portion for filling the adhesive and fixing the battery cell 9.
[0037]
The lower lid 6 has a large number of rectangular inlet-side ventilation holes 14b serving as cooling-air inlet-side openings for air-cooling the battery cells 9 avoiding the position where the semicircular rib portions 12 are formed. Is formed. The inner lid 5 is reinforced with five semicircular rib portions 12, and the positions of the first rib 12a, the second rib 12b, the third rib 12c, the fourth rib 12d, and the fifth rib 12e are set to the predetermined positions described above. Three cross-shaped ribs 33 as reinforcing ribs having three cross-shaped cross sections (see FIG. 6) to be held pass through the second rib 12b, the third rib 12c, and the fourth rib 12d, and the first rib 12a and the fifth rib 12e. It is extended between. These three cross-shaped ribs 33 are arranged at equal intervals in the horizontal direction. The upper lid 4 is formed with a large number of elongated discharge side ventilation holes 14a serving as cooling air discharge side openings, avoiding the positions where the semicircular rib portions 12 are formed, similarly to the lower cover 6. The opening area of the discharge side ventilation holes 14a is smaller than the opening area of the introduction side ventilation holes 14b, and the number thereof is larger than that of the introduction side ventilation holes 14b. The total opening area of the discharge side ventilation holes 14 a formed in the upper lid 4 is ½ of the total opening area of the introduction side ventilation holes 14 b formed in the lower lid 6.
[0038]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, three tunnels 19 are formed in the upper lid 4 as tunnel portions that penetrate the longitudinal direction of the upper lid 4 and accommodate voltage detection leads described later. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, truncated cone-shaped feet 27 protrude from four places on the bottom surface of the lower lid 6.
[0039]
As shown in FIGS. 1, 8 and 9, a terminal post 20 which is covered with a contact prevention cover 35 as an insulating member having a U-shaped cross section and serves as a positive electrode and a negative electrode external output terminal is provided on the upper side of the side cover A <b> 7. Is erected. These terminal posts 20 are supported by post-cell connection fittings 21 fixed to the side cover A7. The terminal post 20 on the positive electrode side is electrically connected to the battery cell 9 on the highest potential side via a fuse 22. The fuse 22 has a cylindrical shape, and both ends thereof are bolted to a fuse-cell connection fitting 23 fixed to the side cover A7, and the bottom is formed integrally with the side cover A7 and is formed from the top of the side cover A7. It is held by a plurality of arc-shaped fuse holding ribs 34 protruding. The fuse 22 is covered with a fuse lid 25 via a fuse waterproof packing 24a in order to ensure safety and waterproofness. On the inner side of the fuse lid 25, a plurality of fuse holding ribs (not shown) having the same shape and symmetry as the fuse holding ribs 34 protruding from the side cover A7 are formed so as to protrude in the fuse 22 direction integrally with the fuse lid 25. Has been. For this reason, the fuse 22 is held and fixed in both the upper and lower directions by a fuse holding rib 34 protruding from the side cover A7 and a fuse holding rib (not shown) protruding from the fuse lid 25. The side cover A7 is connected to the post-cell connection fitting 21 by screwing a bus bar screw into a screw hole formed in the terminal of the battery cell 9 on the highest potential side and the lowest potential (ground) side. Two working holes for improvement are formed.
[0040]
As shown in FIG. 7, a cell control unit that detects the voltage of each battery cell 9 to uniformly adjust and control the voltage between the battery cells 9 and monitors the temperature of the battery cell 9 is provided above the side cover B8. A cell control unit storage portion 32 is provided as a storage portion for storing 17 (see FIG. 10). The cell control unit storage portion 32 is provided with a plurality of unit support ribs (not shown) that support the cell control unit 17 from below. The cell control unit 17 has a voltage detection lead 18 as a lead wire for detecting the voltage at both ends of each battery cell 9 and a thermistor connector 30 having a thermistor connected to the tip for detecting the temperature of a specific battery cell 9. Are connected as lead wires for internal wiring.
[0041]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the cell control unit storage portion 32 protrudes from the upper portion of the side cover B8 and straddles the upper portion of the upper lid 4 and is covered with the cell control unit lid 26. A plurality of unit support ribs (not shown) for supporting the cell control unit 17 from above are integrally provided on the inner side of the cell control unit lid 26. For this reason, the cell control unit 17 is sandwiched and fixed from above and below by the unit support ribs of the cell control unit storage portion 32 and the cell control unit lid 26. Further, a communication harness 29 in which communication lines for communicating with the control unit of the electric vehicle are collected from the cell control unit housing portion 32, and the communication harness 29 is fixed to the upper portion of the upper lid 4.
[0042]
(assembly)
Next, the assembly procedure of the battery module 1 of this embodiment is demonstrated.
[0043]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the battery case body 3 is arranged in four horizontal rows by bringing the outer periphery of the battery cell 9 into contact with the semicircular rib portions 12 a to 12 e formed integrally with the lower lid 6 of the lowermost layer. Next, the inner lid 5 having semicircular rib portions 12a to 12e that sandwich the battery cell 9 corresponding to the semicircular rib portions 12a to 12e of the lower lid 6 is overlapped on the upper and lower surfaces, and the same Thus, the battery cells 9 are arranged in four horizontal rows, and semi-circular rib portions 12a to 12e formed integrally with the upper lid 4 are stacked on the upper surface so that they abut against the outer periphery of the battery cell 9, and are added in the vertical direction. Press and fix. The filling groove 13 formed on the battery cell holding end surface of the semicircular rib portion 12 is filled with polyurethane adhesive before the battery cell 9 is arranged.
[0044]
Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the bus bar screw is inserted into the screw hole formed at both ends of the conductive inter-cell bus bar 16 through the flat washer, and the bus bar screw is inserted into the screw hole formed in the terminal 10 of the battery cell 9. The battery cells 9 are connected in series by screwing.
[0045]
Next, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, a terminal cover 20, a post-cell connection fitting 21, a fuse 22, a side cover A7 in which a fuse-cell connection fitting 23 is assembled in advance, and a cell control unit housing portion The side cover B8 in which the cell control unit 17 is assembled in advance in the battery 32 is fitted and fixed to the battery case main body 3. Prior to fitting and fixing the side covers A7 and B8, on the side cover B8 side, the voltage detection lead 18 led out from the cell control unit housing portion 32 is connected to the inter-cell bus bar 16, and the thermistor connector 30 is connected to the cell control unit. On the side cover A7 side, the bus bar screw is screwed into the terminal of the battery cell 9 on the highest potential side and the lowest potential side to connect to the post-cell connection fitting 21 on the side cover A7 side. In connecting the voltage detection lead 18 to the inter-cell bus bar 16 on the side cover A7 side, the voltage detection lead 18 is inserted through the tunnel 19 from the side cover B8 side to the side cover A7 side.
[0046]
Then, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, after the connector is connected in the cell control unit housing portion 32, the fuse 22 and the cell control unit 17 are connected to the fuse via the waterproof waterproof packing 24a and the waterproof cell control packing 24b, respectively. The lid 25 and the self-control unit lid 26 are covered, and these lids are screwed. Next, the external communication harness 29 is fixed to the upper lid 4 with screws, and the battery module 1 is assembled by fitting the decorative lid 31 into the two working holes of the side cover A7.
[0047]
(Action etc.)
Next, the operation and the like of the battery module 1 of the present embodiment will be described.
[0048]
In the battery module 1 of the present embodiment, the battery cell 9 is placed horizontally in the battery case 2, and the battery cell 9 is sandwiched by a plurality of semicircular rib portions 12. Moreover, the battery cell 9 is fixed by filling the filling groove 13 on the holding end surface of the semicircular rib portion 12 with an adhesive. Therefore, the battery cell 9 that is mounted on the vehicle and is subject to vibration can be fixed in the battery case 2 in an orderly manner and without floating. For this reason, the favorable support stability of the battery cell 9 can be obtained in the battery case 2. Further, since the filling groove 13 is formed at the center in the circumferential direction of the semicircular rib portion 12, the protrusion of the adhesive from the semicircular rib portion 12 is reduced.
[0049]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of compartments partitioned by a semicircular rib portion 12 in the longitudinal direction of the battery cell 9 are provided with a plurality of introduction side air holes 14 b formed in the lower lid 6 and the upper lid 4. The cooling air flows from the lower side to the upper side on the side surface of the battery cell 9 through the discharge side vent hole 14a. Therefore, the cooling air can be distributed almost evenly over the entire length of each battery cell 9 accommodated in the battery case 2, and each battery cell 9 can be cooled well. As described above, the battery module 1 can improve the cooling performance of the entire battery, so that the original specification performance of the battery module 1 can be exhibited, and generally the life is shortened in a high temperature environment of about 50 ° C. Even when a lithium ion secondary battery using lithium manganate as a main constituent material is used, the life of the battery cell 9 is not shortened. For this reason, the battery module 1 of this embodiment is suitable as a power supply for electric vehicles.
[0050]
Further, the total opening area of the introduction side ventilation hole 14b formed in the lower lid 6 which is the cooling air introduction side is 2 as compared with the total opening area of the discharge side ventilation hole 14a formed in the upper lid 4 which is the discharge side. The opening area of the discharge side ventilation hole 14a is smaller than the opening area of the introduction side ventilation hole 14b, and the number thereof is larger than that of the introduction side ventilation hole 14b. Therefore, more cooling air can be introduced from the introduction side, and the total opening area of the discharge side ventilation holes 14a is halved on the discharge side, so that the flow path of the cooling air is narrowed. The flow rate of the cooling air increases. In the present embodiment, since the temperature of the cooling air rises due to the heat radiation of the battery cell 9 sandwiched between the lower lid 6 and the inner lid 5, the inner lid 5 and the upper lid 4 are increased by increasing the flow velocity of the cooling air on the discharge side. The temperature of the battery cell 9 sandwiched between the battery cell 9 and the temperature of the battery cell 9 sandwiched between the lower lid 6 and the inner lid 5 is made uniform to eliminate uneven cooling between the battery cells 9. This utilizes the fact that the cooling effect increases in proportion to the square root when the flow velocity of the cooling air is increased. Furthermore, since the filling groove 13 is filled with adhesive and the outer peripheral portion of the battery cell 9 and the semicircular rib portion 12 are sealed, the cooling air does not leak between adjacent compartments, and the cooling effect of the battery cell 9 Can be increased.
[0051]
Furthermore, the battery case 2 includes a semicircular rib portion 12 that is divided into a plurality of portions in the longitudinal direction of the battery cell 9 inside thereof. For this reason, the lateral rigidity of the battery case 2 itself can be increased, and the cell case of the battery cell 9 disposed in the battery case 2 increases the longitudinal rigidity of the battery case 2. That is, since the battery cell 9 has high rigidity, the battery cell 9 itself has a function as a beam for increasing the rigidity of the battery case 2. Further, the electrode plate group is the heaviest in the battery cell 9, and the positions corresponding to both ends of the electrode plate group are supported by the first rib 12a and the fifth rib 12e having a large width, and correspond to the hanging hook 15. Since the second rib 12b and the fourth rib 12d are disposed at the positions where the third rib 12c is disposed at the center in the longitudinal direction of the battery cell 9, the semicircular rib portion 12 allows the rigidity of the battery case 2 to be increased. Has been improved. Further, since the inner lid 4 has three cross-shaped ribs 33, the semicircular rib portions 12 of the inner lid 4 are reinforced, and the positions of these semicircular rib portions 12 are set to the upper lid 4 and the lower lid. 6 positions can be held. And as shown in FIG. 6, since the cross-shaped rib 33 guides cooling air to the battery cell 9 side, the cooling effect of the battery cell 9 can further be improved.
[0052]
Further, since the battery case body 3 is divided into the upper lid 4, the inner lid 5, and the lower lid 6, the battery case body 3 can be assembled at the same time as the battery cell 9 is disposed, and the battery module 1 is assembled. Can be improved. Further, since the side cover A7 and the side cover B8 are not fitted and fixed to the battery case body 3, the terminal portions of the battery cells 9 are exposed from the battery case body 3 as shown in FIG. In addition, it is possible to easily perform the electrical connection work between the battery cells 9 using the inter-cell bus bar 16.
[0053]
Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a voltage detection lead 18 for transmitting the voltage of each battery cell 9 to the cell control unit 17 is arranged and fixed in advance on the side cover B8, and the voltage is detected in the tunnel 19 penetrating in the longitudinal direction of the upper lid 4. Since the lead 18 is wired and accommodated, the lead wires are not exposed to the outside of the battery case 2. When the voltage detection lead 18 is exposed to the outside, the number of parts increases because relaying with a waterproof connector or the like is required, and an airtight structure at the lead wire take-out portion is indispensable on the battery case 2 side, and the work is complicated. In the present embodiment, since the voltage detection lead 18 can be wired while maintaining an airtight state, a waterproof (relay) connector or the like is not required, and the work can be simplified, and the voltage detection lead 18 is exposed. Because it is not, it will not be damaged.
[0054]
In the present embodiment, the fuse holding rib 34 for holding the fuse 22 is protruded from the side cover A7 by integral molding, and the fuse holding rib having the same shape as the fuse holding rib 34 is provided inside. 25, the fuse 22 is held and fixed. For this reason, since the fuse 22 can be attached in advance by placing the fuse 22 on the side cover A7, the assembly workability of the battery module 1 can be improved. In addition, since the fuse 22 is only arranged on the upper side of the side cover A7 and covered with the fuse lid 25, the replacement work of the fuse 22 from the outside of the battery case 2 becomes easy. Furthermore, since the terminal post 20, the post-cell connection fitting 21, the fuse 22, and the fuse-cell connection fitting 23 can be assembled in advance to the side cover A7, the assembly workability of the battery module 1 is improved. Can do.
[0055]
In the present embodiment, the cell control unit 17 is sandwiched and fixed from above and below by the unit support ribs of the cell control unit storage portion 32 and the cell control unit lid 26. Since the cell control unit storage portion 32 is arranged integrally with the side cover B8 and the cell control unit 17 is sandwiched and fixed from above and below by the unit support ribs, a structure for fixing the cell control unit 17 becomes unnecessary. Workability at the time of assembly can be improved. Further, since the cell control unit 17 is covered with the cell control unit lid 26 and disposed on the upper side cover B8, the screw for fixing the cell control unit lid 26 to the cell control unit storage portion 32 is removed and the battery case 3 The cell control unit 17 can be easily replaced from the outside.
[0056]
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, four legs 27 protrude from the bottom surface of the lower lid 6, and a distance is defined between the battery case 2 and the mounting surface of the battery module 1. Since the battery case 2 is placed on the placement surface on which a metal object such as a screw is present, since the metal object does not contact the battery cell 9 through the introduction side ventilation hole 14b, the battery module is not directly contacted. 1 is not damaged. For this reason, the safety of the battery module 1 is improved. Further, by using the foot portion 27 as a reference point, the lower lid 6, the inner lid 5 and the upper lid 4 constituting the battery case body 3 can be arranged smoothly, and the workability can be improved.
[0057]
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the terminal post 20 is erected at a position straddling the fuse 22 to ensure a sufficient separation distance, and the side surface of the terminal post 20 is covered with the contact prevention cover 35. External short circuit accidents between terminal posts can be prevented, and electrical safety is ensured.
[0058]
In this embodiment, since the cell control unit housing portion 32 is straddled over the upper lid 4, a space for collecting lead wires such as the cell control unit 17 and the voltage detection lead 18 connected to the cell control unit 17 is widened. As a result, the assembly workability can be improved.
[0059]
In the present embodiment, the battery module 1 in which the battery cells 9 are arranged in four rows and two columns is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described number of rows and columns. For example, in order to make the vertical direction into three rows, another inner lid 5 may be provided and the battery cells 9 may be disposed between the inner lids 5. Also in the longitudinal direction, for example, two battery cells are connected in tandem using a connection fitting for connecting battery cells 9 in series in a horizontal state, and the side exposed portions of the battery cells are covered with a side cover. May be.
[0060]
Moreover, although the assembly procedure of the battery module 1 has been exemplified in the present embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated assembly procedure, and various aspects can be taken within the scope of the claims described above.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the plurality of columnar battery cells are arranged in the battery case by being held in the vertical direction by the plurality of holding ribs in the horizontal state. Can be arranged in the battery case in an orderly manner and without floating, so that the support stability of the battery cell can be improved. Further, in each compartment partitioned by a holding rib in the longitudinal direction of the battery case, cooling air circulates from the vertical direction to the side surface of the battery cell through a vent formed in the upper lid member and the lower lid member. Therefore, the cooling air can be spread over the entire length of each battery cell in the battery case, each battery cell can be cooled well, and the cooling performance of the entire battery module can be improved. Further, the total opening area of the plurality of ventilation openings formed on the lower wall surface of the battery case on the cooling air introduction side is larger than the total opening area of the plurality of ventilation openings formed on the upper wall surface on the discharge side. Since more cooling air can be introduced and the total opening area on the discharge side is small and the flow velocity of the cooling air is increased on the discharge side, the cooling effect of the battery cells disposed on the discharge side can be enhanced. it can. In addition, since the battery case is provided with a holding rib that divides the battery case into a plurality of compartments in the longitudinal direction on the inside thereof, the lateral rigidity of the battery case itself can be increased and the longitudinal direction of the battery case can be increased. The rigidity of can also be increased. Further, since the holding rib for holding the battery cell is divided into the upper lid member, the middle lid member and the lower lid member, the battery case can be assembled together with the battery cell arrangement work, and the battery module Assembling workability can be improved. Moreover, since the two side members that cover the side surface exposed portion of the battery cell held in the horizontal orientation are separate members, the electrical connection workability between the battery cells can be improved at the side surface exposed portion. The effect that can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a battery module according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applicable.
FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of a battery cell used in the battery module of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an exploded external perspective view of a battery case main body used in the battery module of the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an external perspective view of the lower lid showing a state in which battery cells are arranged on the lower lid.
FIG. 5 is an external perspective view of a battery case body showing a state in which the inter-cell bus bar is attached.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the battery module of the present embodiment.
7 is an external perspective view of the battery case body and the side cover B showing a state in which the side cover B is attached. FIG.
8 is an external perspective view of the battery case main body and the side cover A showing a state in which the side cover A is attached. FIG.
FIG. 9 is an external perspective view showing an assembled state of components assembled to the side cover A.
FIG. 10 is an external perspective view showing an attached state of the cell control unit lid.
FIG. 11 is an external perspective view showing an attached state of the fuse lid.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Battery module
2 Battery case
3 Battery case body
4 Upper lid (upper lid member)
5 Inner lid (inner lid member)
6 Lower lid (lower lid member)
7 Side cover A (side member)
8 Side cover B (side member)
9 Battery cell
12a First rib (holding rib)
12b Second rib (holding rib)
12c 3rd rib (holding rib)
12d Fourth rib (holding rib)
12e 5th rib (holding rib)
13 Filling groove (groove)
14a Discharge side ventilation hole (ventilation opening)
14b Introduction side ventilation hole (ventilation opening)
16 Busbar between cells (connection member)
17 Cell control unit
18 Voltage detection lead (lead wire)
19 Tunnel (tunnel part)
20 Terminal post (external output terminal)
22 fuse
25 Fuse lid
26 Cell control unit lid
27 feet
32 Cell control unit storage (storage)
33 Cross-shaped rib (reinforcing rib)
34 Fuse holding rib
35 Contact prevention cover (insulating material)

Claims (12)

バッテリケース内に複数個の柱状バッテリセルが収納され、該バッテリセルが電気的に接続された電気自動車用バッテリ構造において、前記バッテリケースの上下壁面を構成する上蓋部材及び下蓋部材に冷却空気を上下方向に流通させるための複数個の通風口がそれぞれ形成され前記下壁面に形成された通風口の総開口面積は前記上壁面に形成された通風口の総開口面積より大きく、前記バッテリケースを長手方向に複数の隔室に区画すると共に前記バッテリセルを横置き状態で抱持する複数個の抱持リブを有する上蓋部材、中蓋部材及び下蓋部材と、前記横置き状態で抱持されたバッテリセルの側面露出部を覆う２つの側面部材と、を備えたことを特徴とする電気自動車用バッテリ構造。In a battery structure for an electric vehicle in which a plurality of columnar battery cells are housed in a battery case and the battery cells are electrically connected, cooling air is supplied to the upper lid member and the lower lid member constituting the upper and lower wall surfaces of the battery case. A plurality of ventilation holes for flowing in the vertical direction are formed, and the total opening area of the ventilation holes formed in the lower wall surface is larger than the total opening area of the ventilation holes formed in the upper wall surface, and the battery case is An upper lid member, an intermediate lid member, and a lower lid member, which are partitioned into a plurality of compartments in the longitudinal direction and have a plurality of holding ribs for holding the battery cell in a horizontal position, are held in the horizontal position. A battery structure for an electric vehicle, comprising: two side members covering a side surface exposed portion of the battery cell. 前記上壁面に形成された箇々の通風口の開口面積は前記下壁面に形成された箇々の通風口の開口面積より小さく、かつ、前記上壁面に形成された通風口の数が前記下壁面に形成された通風口の数より多いことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造。The opening area of the ventilation openings formed in the upper wall surface is smaller than the opening area of the ventilation openings formed in the lower wall surface, and the number of ventilation openings formed in the upper wall surface is equal to the lower wall surface. The battery structure for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the number is larger than the number of vent holes formed. 前記抱持リブは前記バッテリセルを抱持する抱持端面が円弧状に形成されており、該抱持端面には周方向に溝部が形成され、該溝部に接着剤が充填されたことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造。In the holding rib, a holding end surface for holding the battery cell is formed in an arc shape, a groove is formed in the holding end surface in a circumferential direction, and the groove is filled with an adhesive. The battery structure for electric vehicles according to claim 1 or 2. 前記上蓋部材には該上蓋部材の長手方向に貫通しリード線を収容するトンネル部が形成されており、内部配線用リード線が前記バッテリケースの外部に露出していないことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造。The tunnel part which penetrates the longitudinal direction of this upper cover member, and accommodates a lead wire is formed in the said upper cover member, The lead wire for internal wiring is not exposed to the exterior of the said battery case, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. The battery structure for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 前記中蓋部材は該中蓋部材の長手方向に前記抱持リブを補強する補強リブを備えたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造。5. The battery structure for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the inner lid member includes a reinforcing rib that reinforces the holding rib in a longitudinal direction of the inner lid member. . 前記下蓋部材には該下蓋部材の底面部に複数の足部が突設されており、該底面部は前記バッテリケースの載置面から離間されたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造。2. The lower lid member has a plurality of legs projecting from a bottom surface portion of the lower lid member, and the bottom surface portion is separated from a mounting surface of the battery case. 6. The battery structure for an electric vehicle according to any one of items 5. 前記露出されたバッテリセルの側面はバッテリセル間を直列に接続する接続部材で電気的に接続されたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項６のいずれか１項に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造。The battery for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the exposed side surfaces of the battery cells are electrically connected by a connecting member for connecting the battery cells in series. Construction. 前記側面部材のいずれか一方の上部にはヒューズを下側から抱持する複数個のヒューズ抱持リブが突設されており、前記ヒューズは該ヒューズを上側から抱持するヒューズ抱持リブが内側に突設され前記ヒューズを覆うヒューズ蓋とで上下方向から抱持固定されたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項７のいずれか１項に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造。A plurality of fuse holding ribs for holding the fuse from the lower side protrude from the upper side of any one of the side members, and the fuse holding rib for holding the fuse from the upper side is provided inside. The battery structure for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the battery structure is held and fixed in a vertical direction by a fuse lid that protrudes from the top and covers the fuse. 前記側面部材のいずれか他方の上部には前記バッテリセルを制御するバッテリセルコントロールユニットが収納される収納部が配置され、該収納部には前記バッテリセルコントロールユニットを下側から支持する複数のユニット支持リブが突設されており、前記バッテリセルコントロールユニットは該バッテリセルコントロールユニットを上側から支持するユニット支持リブが内側に突設され前記収納部を覆うバッテリセルコントロールユニット蓋とで上下方向から挟持固定されたことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項８のいずれか１項に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造。A storage unit for storing the battery cell control unit for controlling the battery cell is disposed on the other upper part of the side member, and the storage unit supports the battery cell control unit from below. A support rib is protruded, and the battery cell control unit is sandwiched from above and below by a battery cell control unit lid that protrudes inwardly to support the battery cell control unit from above and covers the storage portion. The battery structure for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the battery structure is fixed. 前記側面部材のいずれか一方の上部に前記ヒューズを跨ぎ絶縁部材を介して外部出力端子が立設されたことを特徴とする請求項８に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造。The battery structure for an electric vehicle according to claim 8, wherein an external output terminal is erected on an upper portion of any one of the side members via an insulating member across the fuse. 前記収納部は前記上蓋部材に跨乗されたことを特徴とする請求項９に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造。The battery structure for an electric vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the storage portion is straddled on the upper lid member. 請求項１乃至請求項１１のいずれか１項に記載の電気自動車用バッテリ構造を備えたことを特徴とする電池モジュール。A battery module comprising the battery structure for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
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