JP4187390B2 - Pest repellent for stored grains - Google Patents
Pest repellent for stored grains Download PDFInfo
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- JP4187390B2 JP4187390B2 JP2000230306A JP2000230306A JP4187390B2 JP 4187390 B2 JP4187390 B2 JP 4187390B2 JP 2000230306 A JP2000230306 A JP 2000230306A JP 2000230306 A JP2000230306 A JP 2000230306A JP 4187390 B2 JP4187390 B2 JP 4187390B2
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- Prior art keywords
- repellent
- test
- black pepper
- pest repellent
- stored grain
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、穀物の貯蔵に際して用いられ、コクゾウ虫、メイガ等の貯穀害虫に対して忌避性能を有し、また、微生物によるカビの発生を防止する貯蔵穀物の保存剤に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、穀物類の貯蔵に当たっては、コクゾウ虫、メイガ等の貯穀害虫による被害や、カビの発生を防止するために、一般に、穀物類を貯蔵する倉庫内を臭化メチル、ホスフィンなどの燻蒸剤により燻蒸し、低温で貯蔵する方法が行われている。しかし、卸、小売の段階では、低温貯蔵の倉庫を備えている業者は少なく、一般家庭では全く低温貯蔵はされていない。また、保管中の温度変化によりカビの発生も見られる。
貯蔵中の穀物類の防虫、防カビのために、穀物類の保管雰囲気を防虫、防カビ処理することは当然考えられることであるが、防虫剤として効果の高いものは、農業、家庭用殺虫剤に使用されるピレスロイド系化合物などであり、万が一穀物類と直接触れた時には、その安全性が問題になる。また、防カビ剤としては化学合成品の防カビ剤が使用され、殺虫剤と同様に安全性が問題になる。
【0003】
特許第2660196号公報には、アリシン成分およびカプサイシン成分を含む香辛料成分を通気性容器に収容し、この容器を米と一緒に米びつや米包装袋などの米容器内に収容する米の品質保存剤について、また、特開平11−222409号公報には、有効成分として天然物由来のティートリーオイルおよび/またはパインオイルを含有するコクゾウムシ忌避剤について、さらに、特開2000−38309号公報には、ニンニクエキス、ショウガエキスおよびワサビエキスの3つのエキスを含有する組成物からなる穀類の殺虫、忌避剤について開示されている。
このように、天然物を利用した方法が開示されているが、貯穀害虫の忌避効果が十分ではなく、また、穀物保存のもう一つのテーマである防カビについて言及していないなど、穀物保存の総合的な方策がとられていない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、貯穀害虫に対して優れた忌避効果と十分な防カビ効果を有し、かつ、衛生上安全性の高い貯蔵穀物の保存剤を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するため、貯穀害虫に対して忌避効果、防カビ効果があり、かつ、衛生上安全性の高い物質をスクリーニングすることから始め、加工しやすい製剤化を試みた。その結果、ブラックペッパーオレオレジン、レモングラスオイルが、貯穀害虫に対して優れた忌避性能を持つことを見出し、また、十分な防カビ効果のあることが確認され、本発明を完成するに到ったのである。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、ブラックペッパーオレオレジンを有効成分とする貯蔵穀物の害虫忌避剤である。また、本発明は、前記の貯蔵穀物の害虫忌避剤が無機または有機担持体に担持されている貯蔵穀物の害虫忌避剤である。
【0007】
胡椒は家庭で一般的に用いられる香辛料で、黒胡椒、白胡椒が一般的に市販されている。黒胡椒、白胡椒とも同じ植物(コショウ科;Piper nigrum L)からとれる種子であり、熟成度の差により分別されている。工業的に使用する場合、胡椒種子の状態より抽出物を用いる方がより効率的となるため、胡椒抽出物を入手しスクリーニングを行った。入手可能な抽出物は、オイル、オレオレジンの2種類であり、黒胡椒、白胡椒のそれぞれの抽出物をスクリーニングにかけた結果、黒胡椒のオレオレジンが最も強い貯穀害虫の忌避性、防カビ性を有していた。
【0008】
レモングラスはイネ科の植物(Cymbopogon flexuosos)であり、現在食用ハーブとして料理等に用いられている。レモングラスの抽出物としては、葉の部分を水蒸気蒸留で抽出したレモングラスオイルがある。
ブラックペッパーオレオレジンおよびレモングラスオイルは液状であるため、ゼオライト、シリカ等の無機担持体、または紙、繊維等の有機担持体に担持させることにより、取扱いを容易にすることができる。
【0009】
ブラックペッパーオレオレジンおよび/またはレモングラスオイルを無機担持体に担持させるには、例えば、高速ヘンシェルミキサーに無機担持体を仕込み、攪拌しながらブラックペッパーオレオレジンおよび/またはレモングラスオイルを注加し、注加終了後約5分間さらに攪拌する。この際、注加後の攪拌速度、時間は、無機担持体により最良の条件で行うが、シリカの場合、600rpmで約5分間が最適である。
また、有機担持体に担持させるには、例えば、密閉の攪拌釜にセルロースビーズ〔商品名 ビスコパール (株)レンゴー製〕を仕込み、攪拌しながらブラックペッパーオレオレジンおよび/またはレモングラスオイルを注加し、数分間攪拌し、攪拌終了後、不織布の袋に充填する。
保管容器に対する使用量としては、0.05〜10g/m3 が望ましい。
本発明においては、この他に抗菌剤、消臭剤を併用することができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例により本発明を説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0011】
【実施例1】
ブラックペッパーオレオレジン(ホールハーブカンパニー製)およびレモングラスオイル(小川香料株式会社製)を、下記のNo.1〜5に示す処方で、それぞれ1%アセトン溶液とし、これを濾紙(東洋濾紙株式会社製 No.2 55mm)に含浸させた後、風乾する。濾紙への着量は20g/m2 である。
【0012】
【0013】
【比較例1】
No.6としてブラックペッパーオイル、No.7としてホワイトペッパーオレオレジン、No.8としてホワイトペッパーオイル、No.9として唐辛子オレオレジンを、実施例1と同様にして濾紙に含浸させたものを得る。
上記実施例1のNo.1〜5によるもの、および比較例1のNo.6〜9によるものを試料として、コクゾウ虫忌避試験、メイガ忌避試験および防カビ試験を行った。
【0014】
コクゾウ虫忌避試験
円筒型のプラスチックコップ(底面の直径5cm、高さ7cmになるように切り、高さ5cmの所に直径0.5mmの穴を1ケ所開けたもの)に胚芽米100gを入れ、その上に試料をのせて、プラスチックコップの上面をラップフィルムで覆った。それを大型プラスチック製容器(約36×約23×約17.5cm、15.5リットル)に入れ、プラスチック製容器内にコクゾウ成虫100匹を放して、容器の上面を綿布で覆い、恒温器に格納し、72時間後のプラスチックコップ内のコクゾウ虫の侵入数をカウントした。一つのプラスチック製容器内には、各々の処理品をセットしたプラスチックコップと、未処理品をセットしたプラスチックコップを1本ずつ入れた。
その結果は、表1に示すとおりである。
【0015】
【表1】
【0016】
メイガ忌避試験
コクゾウ虫忌避試験と同じ方法により、供試虫としてノシメマダラメイガの幼虫100匹を使用して試験を行った。
その結果は、表2に示すとおりである。
【0017】
【表2】
【0018】
防カビ試験
Aspergillus niger FERM S−1(黒麹カビ)とPenicillium citrinum FERM S−5(青カビ)を試験カビとし、これをそれぞれ接種した寒天培地をガラス板上に置き、底部に試料を貼った1リットルガラス容器(直径約11cm、高さ約13cm)を被せ、28℃で1週間培養した後、寒天培地上のカビの発育を観察した。
その結果は、表3に示すとおりである。
【0019】
【表3】
【0020】
次に、本発明の貯蔵穀物の保存剤と、市販されている各社の貯蔵穀物の保存剤との比較試験およびその結果を示す。米200gを入れた約16×9×10cm(1.2リットル)の容器に、5mmの穴を上から3cmの側面に2か所開け、表4および表5に示す成分および使用量で、各社および本発明の試験試料を、それぞれ1.2リットル容器に合わせた量を5×5cmの不織布に包み、容器内側の側面に貼り付けた。このように試験試料を添付したものを加工品とし、試験試料を添付しないものを未加工品とし、約37×24×18cmの大きさの容器に、それぞれ加工品、未加工品を対にして、供試虫(コクゾウムシ成虫)を中央に200匹入れ、5日間放置し、観察した。なお、本発明の試験試料は、ブラックペッパーオレオレジン:レモングラスオイル=95:5の混合物を用いた。
上記の比較試験結果は、表6に示すとおりである。
【0021】
【表4】
【表5】
【表6】
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明で用いるブラックペッパーオレオレンジおよびレモングラスオイルは、貯穀害虫に対して優れた忌避効果と強い防カビ効果を有し、かつ、共に香辛料として利用される食品より得られる安全性の高いものであるから、貯蔵穀物の保存剤として極めて有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a preservative for stored grains, which is used for storing grains, has repellent performance against stored pests such as hornbill and moth, and prevents the generation of mold by microorganisms.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when storing cereals, in order to prevent damage caused by stored pests such as pearl moths and moths, and the occurrence of mold, the warehouse for storing cereals is generally treated with fumigants such as methyl bromide and phosphine. A method of fumigation and storage at a low temperature is performed. However, at the wholesale and retail stages, few companies have cold storage warehouses, and ordinary households do not store cold at all. Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of mold | fungi is seen by the temperature change during storage.
In order to protect insects and molds from grains during storage, it is naturally considered that the storage atmosphere of grains is treated with insects and molds, but those that are highly effective as insecticides are agricultural and household insecticides. It is a pyrethroid compound used in the medicine. When it comes in direct contact with grains, its safety becomes a problem. Further, as the fungicide, a chemically synthesized fungicide is used, and safety is a problem as with the insecticide.
[0003]
Japanese Patent No. 2660196 discloses a rice quality preserving agent in which a spice component containing an allicin component and a capsaicin component is contained in a breathable container, and this container is accommodated in a rice container such as a rice bin or a rice packaging bag together with rice. JP-A-11-222409 discloses a weevil repellent containing tea tree oil and / or pine oil derived from natural products as an active ingredient, and JP-A 2000-38309 discloses a garlic extract. An insecticide and repellent for cereals comprising a composition containing three extracts of ginger extract and wasabi extract are disclosed.
Thus, although a method using natural products is disclosed, the repellent effect of stored grain pests is not sufficient, and there is no mention of mold prevention, which is another theme of grain preservation. No comprehensive measures have been taken.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a stored grain preservative having an excellent repellent effect and a sufficient fungicidal effect against stored grain pests, and having high hygiene safety.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors started by screening a substance that has a repellent effect and a fungicidal effect on stored grain pests and is highly hygienic and safe, and formulated a formulation that is easy to process. Tried. As a result, black pepper oleoresin and lemongrass oil were found to have excellent repellent performance against stored grain pests, and were confirmed to have a sufficient fungicidal effect, thereby completing the present invention. It was.
[0006]
That is, the present invention is a pest repellent of stored grain as an active ingredient black pepper oleoresin di emissions. The present invention is also a pest repellent for stored cereals in which the pest repellent for stored cereals is supported on an inorganic or organic carrier.
[0007]
Pepper is a spice commonly used at home, and black pepper and white pepper are generally commercially available. Black pepper and white pepper are seeds taken from the same plant (Pepperaceae; Pipe nigrum L), and are classified according to the difference in maturity. When it is used industrially, it is more efficient to use the extract than the state of pepper seeds, so the pepper extract was obtained and screened. There are two types of extracts available: oil and oleoresin. As a result of screening each extract of black pepper and white pepper, oleoresin of black pepper has the strongest repellent and antifungal properties of stored grain pests. Had.
[0008]
Lemongrass is a grass family plant (Cymbopogon flexuosos), and is currently used as an edible herb in cooking and the like. As an extract of lemongrass, there is lemongrass oil obtained by extracting a leaf portion by steam distillation.
Since black pepper oleoresin and lemongrass oil are liquid, handling can be facilitated by supporting them on an inorganic carrier such as zeolite or silica, or an organic carrier such as paper or fiber.
[0009]
To support black pepper oleoresin and / or lemongrass oil on an inorganic carrier, for example, the inorganic carrier is charged into a high-speed Henschel mixer, and black pepper oleoresin and / or lemongrass oil is added while stirring. Stir further for about 5 minutes after the addition. At this time, the stirring speed and time after pouring are carried out under the best conditions with the inorganic carrier, but in the case of silica, about 5 minutes at 600 rpm is optimal.
In order to support the organic carrier, for example, cellulose beads (trade name, manufactured by Rengo Pearl Co., Ltd.) are placed in a closed stirring vessel, and black pepper oleoresin and / or lemongrass oil is added while stirring. Then, the mixture is stirred for several minutes.
The amount used for the storage container is preferably 0.05 to 10 g / m 3 .
In the present invention, an antibacterial agent and a deodorant can be used in combination.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0011]
[Example 1]
Black pepper oleoresin (Hall Herb Company) and lemongrass oil (Ogawa Fragrance Co., Ltd.) Each of the formulations shown in 1 to 5 is made into a 1% acetone solution, impregnated with filter paper (No. 2 55 mm, manufactured by Toyo Roshi Kaisha, Ltd.), and then air-dried. The amount deposited on the filter paper is 20 g / m 2 .
[0012]
[0013]
[Comparative Example 1]
No. No. 6, black pepper oil, no. No. 7 as white pepper oleoresin, No. 7 No. 8, white pepper oil, no. 9 is obtained by impregnating filter paper with chili oleoresin in the same manner as in Example 1.
No. in Example 1 above. Nos. 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 Samples according to 6 to 9 were used for the reptile repellency test, the maga repellency test, and the mold prevention test.
[0014]
Pterodactyl repellent test Cylindrical plastic cup (cut with a bottom diameter of 5cm and a height of 7cm, with a hole of 0.5mm in diameter at a height of 5cm) and 100g of germ rice A sample was placed thereon, and the upper surface of the plastic cup was covered with a wrap film. Place it in a large plastic container (about 36 x about 23 x about 17.5 cm, 15.5 liters), release 100 adult larvae into the plastic container, cover the upper surface of the container with a cotton cloth, and place it in a thermostat. After storing, the number of infestation of the anteater in the plastic cup after 72 hours was counted. In one plastic container, a plastic cup in which each processed product was set and a plastic cup in which an untreated product was set were placed one by one.
The results are as shown in Table 1.
[0015]
[Table 1]
[0016]
Test for moth repellency The test was conducted by using 100 larvae of Nosamemadara maiga as test worms by the same method as the test for repellency of wolfberry.
The results are as shown in Table 2.
[0017]
[Table 2]
[0018]
Anti-mold test Aspergillus niger FERM S-1 (black mold) and Penicillium citrinum FERM S-5 (blue mold) were used as test molds, each agar medium inoculated with this was placed on a glass plate, and a sample was attached to the bottom 1 A liter glass container (diameter: about 11 cm, height: about 13 cm) was put on and cultured at 28 ° C. for 1 week, and then the growth of mold on the agar medium was observed.
The results are as shown in Table 3.
[0019]
[Table 3]
[0020]
Next, comparative tests between the stored grain preservatives of the present invention and commercially available stored grain preservatives of various companies and the results are shown. Each company has about 16 x 9 x 10 cm (1.2 liter) containers containing 200 g of rice with two 5 mm holes on the side 3 cm from the top and the ingredients and amounts used in Tables 4 and 5. The test samples of the present invention were each wrapped in a 5 × 5 cm non-woven fabric in an amount corresponding to a 1.2 liter container, and attached to the side surface inside the container. In this way, a test sample attached is a processed product, a test sample not attached is an unprocessed product, and a processed product and an unprocessed product are paired in a container of about 37 × 24 × 18 cm. 200 test worms (adult weevil) were placed in the center and allowed to stand for 5 days for observation. In addition, the test sample of this invention used the mixture of black pepper oleoresin: lemon grass oil = 95: 5.
The above comparative test results are as shown in Table 6.
[0021]
[Table 4]
[Table 5]
[Table 6]
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
Black pepper oleo orange and lemongrass oil used in the present invention have an excellent repellent effect and strong fungicidal effect against stored grain pests, and are both highly safe from foods used as spices. Therefore, it is extremely useful as a preservative for stored grains.
Claims (2)
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JP2000230306A JP4187390B2 (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2000-07-31 | Pest repellent for stored grains |
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JP2000230306A JP4187390B2 (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2000-07-31 | Pest repellent for stored grains |
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JP4187390B2 true JP4187390B2 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
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JP2004182704A (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-07-02 | S T Chem Co Ltd | Insect repellents for cereals and dry matter and methods for controlling cereals and dry matter pests |
JP5558958B2 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2014-07-23 | エステー株式会社 | Insect repellent for grain and dry matter |
RU2460275C2 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-09-10 | Государственное научное учреждение "Северо-Кавказский научно-исследовательский институт горного и предгорного сельского хозяйства" Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук | Method of combat grain crops seed diseases, packed for storage |
JP7312488B1 (en) | 2022-03-17 | 2023-07-21 | 学校法人城西大学 | Olive hole weevils repellent and method of using the repellent |
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JPS5842686A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1983-03-12 | T Hasegawa Co Ltd | Extraction of anti-oxidizing component in natural pepper |
ES2175130T3 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 2002-11-16 | Givaudan Sa | GRANULATED AROMAS. |
JPH10210958A (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 1998-08-11 | Aramitsuku:Kk | Food quality preservatives |
JP4206140B2 (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 2009-01-07 | 株式会社エンクラービジネス | Moldings for environmental improvement |
JPH11332534A (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-07 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Microbial growth-in hiritory and antimicrobial agent for food |
JP2000169318A (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2000-06-20 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Insect pest controlling material |
JP2001261516A (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-09-26 | Daiwa Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Insecticidal and antifungal composition |
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