JP4170295B2 - Elevator braking device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a braking device that operates at the time of abnormal acceleration in both up and down directions of an elevator car.

In an elevator where the elevator car is guided by a guide rail in the elevator hoistway, the elevator stops if the elevator continues to exceed the rated speed due to some reason such as equipment failure or main rope disconnection. A braking device is installed. This braking device is a braking device in which when the abnormality occurs in the elevator and the speed of the elevator car exceeds a predetermined value, the speed governor grabs the speed governor rope and interlocks with the speed governor rope via the lever. The shoe is driven and the shoe is pressed against the guide rail to stop the car. Most of such conventional braking devices can operate only when the car is abnormally accelerated downward. On the other hand, Japanese Patent No. 2698705 discloses a braking device that operates even during abnormal acceleration in the upward direction of an elevator car. However, this brake device is provided with shoes on both sides facing each other with a guide rail sandwiched between them as in the conventional brake device, but when one of the shoes is abnormally accelerated in the downward direction, the shoe on one side The shoe on the opposite side operates when the car is abnormally accelerated in the upward direction. Therefore, in this configuration, it is necessary to move the shoes on both sides facing the guide rails in the vertical direction, so the number of parts such as the operating rod for driving these shoes is increased and the structure becomes complicated. End up.
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a braking device that can be operated only on one side, and that operates even during abnormal acceleration in the upward direction without significantly increasing the number of parts.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An elevator braking device according to the present invention includes a shoe storage mechanism that has a shoe pressing surface that is fixed to an elevator car so as to face an elevator car guide rail and narrows upward toward the guide rail, and is stored in the shoe storage mechanism. A first shoe having a braking surface facing the guide rail and a back surface facing the shoe pressing surface, wherein the braking surface has a storage groove having a bottom surface narrowing downward toward the guide rail; A second shoe housed in the storage groove of one shoe and having a braking surface facing the guide rail and a back surface facing the bottom surface of the storage groove; When the elevator car is abnormally accelerated downward, the first shoe is driven upward, and when the elevator car is abnormally accelerated upward, the second shoe is downward And the first shoe and the second shoe are braked.
The second shoe is inserted into an elongated hole formed on one side surface of the accommodating groove of the first shoe along the inclination direction of the bottom surface of the accommodating groove and an elongated hole formed at one end of the lever. The first shoe and the second shoe are driven through the pin.
In addition, the lever is formed in a longitudinal shape, and a long hole at one end of the lever is formed along the longitudinal direction, and can be rotated with the other end of the lever as a fulcrum. A governor rope is attached.
The shoe storage mechanism includes a locking surface that suppresses the downward movement of the first shoe, and the first shoe is placed on the locking surface when the elevator car is normally raised and lowered. Is.
According to the invention as described above, it is a structure in which only the shoe on one side is movable, without increasing the number of parts so much and without complicating the structure, not only at the time of conventional abnormal acceleration in the downward direction. Thus, it is possible to obtain a braking device that operates even in the case of an abnormal acceleration in the upward direction.

FIG. 1 is a side view of a braking device portion of an elevator car for explaining a main part of the braking device for the elevator when the elevator car according to the first embodiment normally moves up and down.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the shape of a movable shoe of the elevator braking device according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a braking device portion of the elevator car for explaining the operation of the braking device for the elevator at the time of the abnormal acceleration in the downward direction of the elevator car according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a brake device portion of the elevator car for explaining the operation of the elevator brake device at the time of an abnormal increase in the upward direction of the elevator car according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the shape of the movable shoe of the braking device for an elevator according to the second embodiment.

In order to describe the present invention in more detail, it will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in each figure, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part which is the same or it corresponds, The duplication description is simplified or abbreviate | omitted suitably.
Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a braking device portion of an elevator car for explaining a main part of the braking device for the elevator when the elevator car according to the first embodiment normally moves up and down. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the shape of a movable shoe of the elevator braking device according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 2, (A) is a diagram showing the positional relationship of the shoe in a state where the elevator car is normally raised and lowered, and in a state where the braking device is operated at the time of abnormal acceleration in the downward direction, and the diagram on the left side shows the shoe. An elevation view and a right side view as viewed from the braking surface side are side views of the shoe. (B) is a side view showing the positional relationship of the shoe in a state where the braking device is activated at the time of abnormal acceleration in the upward direction.
The elevator braking device according to the first embodiment operates for the purpose of stopping the elevator when the elevator continues to exceed the rated speed for some reason such as equipment failure or main rope disconnection. It is configured as a stop device.
As shown in FIG. 1, the elevator car 1 is guided by a pair of elevator car guide rails 3 to move up and down in the elevator hoistway (in FIG. 1 and the subsequent figures, the side view of the car 1 as seen from one side. Therefore, only one of the guide rails 3 is shown, but actually, the other guide rail 3 is provided corresponding to the side of the car 1 on the opposite side (not shown). The elevator car 1 is provided with a car frame 2 that is a strength member for supporting the car room.
Next, the shoe storage mechanism 10 is fixed to the car frame 2 below the elevator car 1 so as to face the pair of elevator car guide rails 3. Here, in FIG. 1 (and subsequent drawings), only the shoe storage mechanism 10 on one side is shown, but actually, the car on both sides of the car 1 corresponding to each of the pair of guide rails 3. A pair of frames 2 is provided. The shoe storage mechanism 10 has a clamp 11 that serves as a case for storing a plurality of components such as shoes and springs. A movable shoe and a passive shoe facing each other so as to sandwich the guide rail 3 therebetween are accommodated in the clamp 11.
The movable shoe on one side includes a first shoe 12 and a second shoe 13. Here, the shapes of the first shoe 12 and the second shoe 13 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The first shoe 12 having a wedge-shaped outer shape has a braking surface 12 a facing the guide rail 3, and a back surface 12 b with respect to the braking surface 12 a is inclined so that the upper side is narrowed toward the guide rail 3. A storage groove 17 for storing the second shoe 13 is formed in the braking surface 12a, and the bottom surface 18 of the storage groove 17 is narrowed downward toward the guide rail 3 as opposed to the back surface 12b. It is inclined. Further, an elongated hole 12 c is formed on one side surface of the storage groove 17 of the first shoe 12 along the same inclination direction as the bottom surface 18 of the storage groove 17. On the other hand, the second shoe 13 having a wedge-shaped outer shape, similar to the first shoe 12, is housed in the housing groove 17 of the first shoe 12, has a braking surface 13a facing the guide rail 3, and is braked. The back surface 13b of the surface 13a faces the bottom surface 18 of the storage groove 17 of the first shoe 12, and has the same inclination angle. In other words, the first shoe 12 described above is provided with inclined surfaces opposite to each other, that is, the back surface 12b of the braking surface 12a and the bottom surface 18 of the storage groove 17, and the first shoe 12 is guided by the back surface 12b and is lowered. The other second shoe 13 is configured to be guided by the bottom surface 18 and to act upon the upward abnormal speed increase. In addition, in a state where the second shoe 13 is stored in the storage groove 17 and the bottom surface 18 and the back surface 13b are overlapped, the pin 6 is inserted into the elongated hole 12c of the first shoe 12, and the second shoe 13 It is fixed to one side. Further, when the elevator car 1 shown in FIG. 2 (A) is normally raised and lowered, the pin 6 is fixed to the second shoe 13 at the position of the upper end of the long hole 12c. In this case, the second shoe 13 is arranged so that the braking surface 13a of the second shoe 13 enters the inside of the storage groove 17 from the braking surface 12a of the first shoe 12. Then, the second shoe 13 moves within a range in which the pin 6 moves along the elongated hole 12 c of the first shoe 12. Then, as shown in FIG. 2B, the braking surface 13a of the second shoe 13 jumps out of the braking surface 12a of the first shoe 12 at a position where the pin 6 comes to the lower end of the long hole 12c. The relationship between these shoes and pins is set as possible.
Next, returning to FIG. 1, the clamp 11 has a shoe pressing surface 15 facing the back surface 12 b of the first shoe 12. Further, a roller 20 is interposed between the back surface 12b of the first shoe 12 and the shoe pressing surface 15 for smooth movement of the first shoe 12 when the braking device is operated. In addition, the clamp 11 has a locking surface 16 that suppresses the downward movement of the first shoe 12 below the first shoe 12.
Next, the passive shoe 14 is arranged at a position facing the movable shoe with the guide rail 3 interposed between the movable shoe composed of the first shoe 12 and the second shoe 13 described above. Yes. The passive shoe 14 has a braking surface 14a that faces the guide rail 3, and a spring 19 that expands and contracts in a direction perpendicular to the braking surface 14a is provided between the back surface 14b of the braking surface 14a and the gripper 11. In the first embodiment, two are provided in parallel.
Next, the lever 5 is formed in a longitudinal shape, and an elongated hole 5c is formed at one end along the longitudinal direction, and the other end is fixed to the car frame 2 so as to be rotatable with the other end side as a fulcrum. Has been. The lever 5 is located closer to the long hole 5c than the fulcrum of the lever 5 fixed to the car frame 2 (between the fulcrum of the lever 5 and the long hole 5c in the first embodiment). Is attached. Further, the pin 6 fixed to the second shoe 13 is inserted into the long hole 5c of the lever 5 together with the long hole 12c of the first shoe 12, whereby the first shoe 12 by the lever 5 is inserted. The second shoe 13 can be driven.
Next, the operation of the elevator braking apparatus configured as described above will be described.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a brake device portion of the elevator car for explaining the operation of the elevator brake device at the time of abnormal speed increase in the lower direction of the elevator car according to the first embodiment. FIG. It is a side view of the brake device part of the elevator car for demonstrating the action | operation of the brake device of the elevator at the time of the abnormal acceleration of the elevator car concerning Embodiment 1 at the upward direction.
In the elevator braking apparatus according to the first embodiment, the components of the shoe storage mechanism 10 are arranged in a positional relationship as shown in FIG. In other words, the first shoe 12 is placed on the locking surface 16 of the clamp 11, and the second shoe braking surface 13a of the second shoe 13 is located inside the storage groove 17 from the first shoe braking surface 12a. The entire shoe 13 is stored in the storage groove 17 so as to enter. Further, the pin 6 is arranged at a position at the upper end of the long hole 12c of the first shoe 12, and the lever 5 is arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the lever 5 is horizontal and the long hole 5c formed in the lever 5 is also horizontal. ing. In this state, as the elevator car 1 moves up and down, the governor rope 4 connected to the lever 5 moves up and down in the hoistway in synchronization with the raising and lowering of the car 1. Here, as shown in FIG. 3, when the elevator car 1 is abnormally accelerated in the downward direction, a speed governor (not shown) that detects the overspeed of the car 1 is activated, and the speed governor controls the speed control. The machine rope 4 is grabbed. Accordingly, the lever 5 that has continued to descend with the car 1 until then is rotated by the governor rope 4, and the long hole 5 c on the left end side of the lever 5 is pulled upward. By the rotation of the lever 5, the first shoe 12 engaged with the lever 5 via the pin 6 has the back surface 12 b of the shoe 12 passing through the roller 20 along the shoe pressing surface 15 of the collar 11. It is moved upward, and bites between the gripper 11 and the guide rail 3. As a result, the first shoe braking surface 12 a is pressed against the guide rail 3, and the gripper 11 moves in the direction pushed back by the guide rail 3 by the reaction. That is, in FIG. 3, the car frame 2 to which the retainer 11 is fixed and the entire car 1 move in the right direction. As a result, the passive shoe 14 on the opposite side of the first shoe 12 has its braking surface 14a pressed against the guide rail 3, and stops the elevator car 1 by the pressing force of the shoes on both sides. At this time, the pressing force of the passive shoe 14 against the guide rail 3 is adjusted by adjusting the spring force setting of the spring 19 provided on the back surface 14b of the passive shoe 14 so that the elevator car 1 is reduced. The speed is adjusted. The above is the operation of the braking device when the elevator car 1 is abnormally accelerated in the downward direction. In this case, the second shoe 13 is not operated, and only one conventional shoe is movable. Although the operation is the same as that of the braking device, the first embodiment is different from the conventional braking device in that the braking device can be operated at the time of abnormal acceleration in the upward direction.
Next, the operation of the elevator braking device according to the first embodiment when the elevator car 1 is abnormally accelerated in the upward direction will be described with reference to FIG. Also in this case, the speed governor detects the abnormal speed increase of the elevator car 1 and the speed governor rope 4 is gripped. Accordingly, the lever 5 that has been raised together with the car 1 is rotated by the governor rope 4, and the long hole 5 c on the left end side of the lever 5 is pulled downward. By the rotation of the lever 5, first, the second shoe 13 engaged with the lever 5 via the pin 6 moves downward in the elongated hole 12c in which the pin 6 is formed in the first shoe 12. The back surface 13 b of the shoe 13 is moved downward along the bottom surface 18 of the storage groove 17 of the shoe 12. In this case, since the first shoe 12 is placed on the locking surface 16 of the clamp 11, the shoe 12 does not move downward but moves only the second shoe 13. Grip between the end 11 and the guide rail 3. Therefore, the bottom surface 18 of the storage groove 17 of the first shoe 12 acts as a pressing surface to press the second shoe braking surface 13a against the guide rail 3, and the gripper 11 is pushed back by the guide rail 3 by the reaction. Move in the direction of That is, in FIG. 4, the car frame 2 to which the retainer 11 is fixed and the entire car 1 move in the right direction. As a result, the passive shoe 14 opposite to the second shoe 13 has its braking surface 14a pressed against the guide rail 3, and the elevator car 1 is stopped by the pressing force of the shoes on both sides. Further, as in the case of the abnormal acceleration in the downward direction, the pressing force of the passive shoe 14 against the guide rail 3 is adjusted by adjusting the spring force setting of the spring 19 provided on the back surface 14b of the passive shoe 14. Thus, the deceleration of the elevator car 1 is adjusted. In addition, in the first embodiment, since the movable shoe used for braking is different in the vertical direction, the difference in the material of the braking surface of each shoe, the size of the surface area, etc. It is possible to set the vertical deceleration separately. Further, the pin 6 is inserted into the elongated hole 12c of the first shoe 12 and the elongated hole 5c of the lever 5 and fixed to the second shoe 13, so that two shoes (shoe 12, shoe 13) are formed. ) Requires only one lever.
As described above, the elevator braking apparatus according to the first embodiment basically follows the structure in which only one shoe is movable as in the conventional braking apparatus, and the movable shoe corresponds to each of the vertical directions. By dividing into two shoes, the braking device does not increase the number of parts so much and does not complicate the structure, and operates not only at the conventional abnormal acceleration in the downward direction but also at the abnormal acceleration in the upward direction. Can be obtained. In addition, productivity can be improved.
Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the shape of the movable shoe of the braking device for an elevator according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 5, (A) is a diagram showing the positional relationship of the shoe in a state where the elevator car is normally raised and lowered, and in a state where the braking device is operated at the time of abnormal acceleration in the downward direction, and the diagram on the left side shows the shoe. An elevation view and a right side view as viewed from the braking surface side are side views of the shoe. (B) is a side view showing the positional relationship of the shoe in a state where the braking device is activated at the time of abnormal acceleration in the upward direction.
As shown in FIG. 5, the elevator braking device according to the second embodiment includes a roller 21 between a bottom surface 18 of a storage groove 17 formed in the first shoe 12 and a back surface 13 b of the second shoe 13. Is installed. Since the other configuration and the operation are the same as those in the first embodiment, the same or equivalent parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. As a result, when the elevator car 1 is abnormally accelerated in the upward direction and the lever 5 drives the second shoe 13, for example, the braking surface 13a is made large in order to increase the braking force by the shoe 13, and the result Further, when the surface area of the back surface 13b is increased and the sliding resistance of the back surface 13b when the shoe 13 is driven increases, the shoe 13 can be smoothly driven by providing the roller 21 as necessary. become. In addition, the same effects as those of the first embodiment are obtained.

As described above, the elevator braking device according to the present invention can be operated not only when the elevator car is abnormally accelerated in the downward direction but also when it is abnormally accelerated in the upward direction. Therefore, for example, even when the counterweight is heavier than the elevator car due to a small number of passengers and the elevator car is abnormally accelerated upward due to a malfunction of the elevator equipment, the elevator car can be stopped reliably. Therefore, it is useful as an elevator with improved safety.
Further, the elevator braking device according to the present invention is capable of suppressing an increase in the number of parts compared to the conventional braking device, and capable of operating against abnormal acceleration in both the vertical direction without complicating the structure. Therefore, it is useful as an elevator with improved productivity.

Claims (5)

A shoe storage mechanism that has a shoe pressing surface that is fixed to the elevator car facing the elevator car guide rail and narrows upward toward the guide rail;
A storage groove that is stored in the shoe storage mechanism and has a braking surface that faces the guide rail and a back surface that faces the shoe pressing surface, and a storage groove that has a bottom surface that narrows downward toward the guide rail. The first shoe formed,
A second shoe housed in the housing groove of the first shoe and having a braking surface facing the guide rail and a back surface facing the bottom surface of the housing groove;
The lever interlocked with the governor rope drives the first shoe upward when the elevator car is abnormally accelerated in the downward direction, and the second shoe when the elevator car is abnormally accelerated in the upward direction. A brake device for an elevator, wherein the first shoe and the second shoe are braked by driving the shoe downward. The first shoe is inserted into an elongated hole formed on one side surface of the accommodating groove along the inclined direction of the bottom surface of the accommodating groove and an elongated hole formed at one end of the lever. The elevator brake according to claim 1, further comprising a pin fixed to one side surface of the second shoe, wherein the first shoe and the second shoe are driven via the pin. apparatus. The lever is formed in a longitudinal shape, and the elongated hole at one end of the lever is formed along the longitudinal direction, and is rotatable with the other end of the lever as a fulcrum. The elevator braking device according to claim 2, wherein the governor rope is attached. The shoe storage mechanism includes a locking surface that suppresses the downward movement of the first shoe, and the first shoe is placed on the locking surface when the elevator car is normally elevated. The elevator braking device according to claim 2, wherein the elevator braking device is provided. The elevator braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a roller is interposed between the bottom surface of the first shoe storage groove and the back surface of the second shoe. .

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