JP4151780B2 - Air age distribution property analysis system and air life expectancy distribution property analysis system - Google Patents

Description

ここで、Ｃはトレーサー濃度［kg/立方m］であり、Ｄ/Ｄtは全微分演算を表し、ｕjは各風速成分であり、∂/∂Xjは空間偏微分を表し、νtは渦拡散係数であり、Ｓcはシュミット数であり、ｑ0はトレーサー発生量［kg/s立方ｍ］である。
なお、トレーサー発生量は、吹出寄与率の演算時に、着目する吹出口のみで有限の値ｑを有し、この吹出口以外の他の部分では「０」となる。
【００１５】
そして、吹出寄与率演算部２は、解析された濃度の空間分布を、以下に示す（２）式により無次元化し、対象吹出口の勢力範囲、すなわち吹出寄与率ｒn(i)の空間分布として求める（この吹出寄与率ｒn(i)は吹き出し口nからきた空気の有効体積率に対応する）。
【数２】

ここで、ＳＶＥ４（ｘ）は、所定の空間座標ｘ（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ）における吹き出し口ｎ（ｎ：自然数）の吹出寄与率ｒiを示している。
そして、吹出寄与率演算部２は、各計算点における吹出寄与率ｒiを記憶部５へ書き込み、記憶させる。
例えば、このとき、図３に示すように２つの吹出口（Inlet１，２）と２つの吸い込み口（Outlet１，２）がある場合において説明する。
【００１６】
濃度場演算部３は、求められた吹出口（Inlet）1及び2の吹出寄与率の空間分布を、以下に示す（３）式及び（４）式にそれぞれに基づいて、室内空間で一様にトレーサー(汚染質)を発生させ、拡散方程式を解く。
【数３】

【数４】

ここで、νtは渦動粘性係数（ｍ2／ｓ）であり、Ｓcはシュミット数であり、Ｄ/Ｄtは全微分演算を表し、ｑ0はトレーサーの発生量（kg/s立方m）である。
【００１７】
ここで、濃度場演算部３は、（３）式及び（４）式により、それぞれ、Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2を求める。
ここで、求められるＣ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2の和は、それぞれの吹出口（Inlet１，２）で分離せずに解析した場合において、拡散方程式である（１）式を解いた解と同値である。
Ｃ1は吹き出し口１の吹出寄与率で重み付けられた濃度であり吹き出し口１の空気齢に対応する。Ｃ2は吹き出し口２の吹出寄与率で重み付けられた濃度であり吹き出し口２の空気齢に対応する気流密度である。
【００１８】
空気齢演算部４は、図３のように複数の吹出口（吹き出し口１，２）がある場合、室内の空気齢に対応するトレーサー濃度を（３），（４）式の拡散方程式に基づいて演算する。
（３），（４）式は、それぞれ空間の有効体積率分布がｒ1,ｒ2においてトレーサー発生量ｑ0がある場合の室内濃度Ｃ1，Ｃ2を求める拡散方程式となっている。
ここで、Ｃ1及びＣ2の分布は空気齢の分布に対応している。
すでに述べたように、吹出寄与率演算部２は、吹き出し口及び吸い込み口が各々２つづつ有る場合を想定し、測定点（空間座標における演算点、すなわち空間座標（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ）である）iにおける吹出口1(Inlet1)と吹出口2(Inle2)との吹出寄与率ｒiの演算を行う。
【００１９】
吹出口1(Inlet1)と吹出口2(Inle2)との吹出寄与率を、各々ｒ1(i)，ｒ2(i)とすると、測定点ｉの空気齢に対応する濃度Ｃ(i)は、以下に示す（５）式により表される。
【数５】

この（５）式は、測定点ｉの空気齢に対応する濃度Ｃ(i)が、吹き出し口１から流入した空気の空気齢に対応する濃度Ｃ1(i)と、吹き出し口２から流入した空気の空気齢に対応する濃度Ｃ2(i)との、吹出寄与率ｒ1(i)およびｒ2(i)による重み平均であることを示す。
【００２０】
（５）式において、重みとして用いられた吹き出し口１および２の吹出寄与率ｒ1(i),ｒ2(i)の和は、その場の空気はそれぞれ吹き出し口１及び２から来たもののみであるので原理的に以下に示す（６）式を満たす。
【数６】

以上の原理に従い、空気齢演算部４は、Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2を未知数として、（３）式および（４）式を解いて、求められたにより求められた濃度場Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2を各々吹出寄与率ｒ1(i)，ｒ2(i)で除算することにより、各吹き出し口１または２から流入した空気の空気齢に対応する濃度Ｃ1(i)，Ｃ2(i)を演算することができる。
ここで、空気齢演算部４は、上記空気齢に対応する濃度Ｃ1(i)，Ｃ2(i)を、（２）式による名目換気時間（換気回数の逆数）で無次元化し、名目換気時間を単位とする空気齢（時間）とする。
【００２１】
次に、図１、図３および図４を参照し、一実施形態による空気齢分布性状解析システムの動作例を説明する。
ステップS１において、解析空間演算部１は、解析空間を所定の割合で分割して測定点の空間座標を設定して、この解析空間の設定した空間座標毎に、流れ場と温度場との解析・演算を行い、演算結果の流れ場と温度場とのデータを、記憶部５へ一時的に記憶させる。
【００２２】
次に、ステップＳ２において、吹出寄与率演算部２は、記憶部５から流れ場と温度場とのデータを読み出し、各空間座標、すなわち測定点において、流れ場と温度場とを固定させた上で各吹出口の勢力範囲、即ち吹出寄与率の演算を行う。
そして、吹出寄与率演算部２は、物理量の輸送方程式に基づく（１）式により、吹出寄与率として、粒子濃度の空間分布の演算を行う。
ただし、（１）式において、トレーサー発生量ｑ0は空間において「０」として、各吹き出し口の吹出寄与率を算出する演算毎に、当該吹き出し口でトレーサー発生量ｑを与える。
【００２３】
これにより、吹出寄与率演算部２は、解析された濃度の空間分布を、（２）式により、対象吹出口の勢力範囲、すなわち吹出寄与率ｒn(i)の演算を行う。
そして、吹出寄与率演算部２は、演算された各測定点毎の吹出寄与率ｒn(i)を記憶部５へ書き込み、記憶させる。
例えば、このとき、図３に示すように２つの吹出口（Inlet１，２）と２つの吸い込み口（Outlet１，２）がある場合において説明する。
【００２４】
次に、ステップＳ３において、濃度場演算部３は、ステップＳ２で求められた吹き出し口１及び２の吹出寄与率の空間分布を用い、以下に示す（３）式及び（４）式にそれぞれに基づいて、室内空間で一様にｑ0のトレーサーを発生させて、Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2を未知数として拡散方程式を解き、それぞれ、空間座標ｘjにおける吹き出し口の吹出寄与率で重み付けられた濃度場Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2を求める。
（３），（４）式においては、空間の有効体積率がｒ1，ｒ2であるので、実質的なトレーサー発生量は、それぞれｒ1ｑ0，ｒ2ｑ0となっている。
ここで、求められる濃度場Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2の和は、それぞれの吹出口（Inlet１，２）で分離せずに解析した場合において、拡散方程式である（１）式を解いた解と同値である。
【００２５】
そして、ステップＳ４において、空気齢演算部４は、図３のように複数の吹出口（吹き出し口１，２）がある場合、それぞれの吹き出し口に対応する空気齢を演算する。
すなわち、空気齢演算部４は、（３）式および（４）式により求められた吹出寄与率に重み付けられた濃度場Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2を各々吹出寄与率ｒ1(i)，ｒ2(i)で除算することにより、各吹き出し口１または２から流入した空気の空気齢に対応する濃度Ｃ1(i)，Ｃ2(i)を演算することができる。
次に、ステップＳ５において、空気齢演算部４は、上記空気齢に対応する濃度Ｃ1(i)，Ｃ2(i)を、（２）式による名目換気時間（換気回数の逆数）で無次元化する。これにより、名目換気時間を単位の時間とする各吹き出し口に対応する空気齢の空間分布が求まる。
そして、ステップＳ６において、空気齢演算部４は、得られた各空間座標における、各々の吹き出し口に対応した空気齢を、この空間座標に対応して、記憶部５において記憶させる。
【００２６】
＜空気余命分布性状解析システム＞
図１は本発明の一実施形態による空気余命分布性状解析システムの構成例を示すブロック図である。
この図において、解析空間演算部１１は、複数吸込口を備えた室において、検討対象とする吸込口を通して排出される空気の室内各点での分布状態を示す空気用命を解析するために、時間進行を逆転させた流れ場を作成する。
【００２７】
このため、解析空間演算部１１は、解析空間演算部１と同様に、流体の連続式、流体の質量保存則と運動量保存則を満たすNavier-Stokes方程式、フーリエの法則に基づくエネルギー保存則から乱流をモデル化した平均流の乱流モデルにより、解析空間において流れ場と温度場との解析・演算を行う。
そして、解析空間演算部１１は、演算結果の流れ場の時間進行を逆転させて（流れ場のベクトルの方向を逆転させて、気流が時間進行とともに逆方向に流れる様にする）、得られた逆転流れ場と温度場とのデータを、記憶部１５へ格納する（書き込んで記憶させる）。
このような流れ場では濃度の輸送について移流のみを逆転とし、逆向きの拡散(負拡散)は考慮されていないが、通常の室内では移流が拡散に卓越しているため、便宜的に正の拡散項がそのまま付加された状態で大概的に問題ないと考えて使用している。
【００２８】
吸込寄与率演算部１２は、記憶部１５から読み出す逆転流れ場と温度場とを、固定させた上で各吸込口（吸い込み口）の勢力範囲、即ち吸込寄与率を求める。吸い込み口の勢力範囲、すなわち吸込寄与率は同じ意味で用いられてSVE5とも表記される。
この吸込寄与率は、各吸い込み口に対して慣性を持たない（重力沈降を無視できる）粒子(新鮮空気を示すトレーサー)が平均流にのって、各吸い込み口に対して、その測定点からどれだけ到達しているかを示す割合、すなわち、ある空間座標から流出する空気の全体量に対して、各吸い込み口へ到達する空気の量の割合を示す数値である。
また、吸込寄与率演算部１２は、物理量の輸送方程式に基づく、拡散方程式である（１）式により、上記吸込寄与率の解析として、粒子濃度の空間分布を求める。
【００２９】
そして、吸込寄与率演算部１２は、解析された濃度の空間分布を、（２'）式により無次元化し、対象吸込口の勢力範囲、すなわち吸込寄与率ｒn(i)として求める（この吸込寄与率ｒn(i)は測定点ｉから吸い込み口nへ到達する空気の有効体積率に対応する）。
ここで、ＳＶＥ５（ｘ）は、所定の空間座標ｘ（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ）における吸い込み口ｎ（ｎ：自然数）の吸込寄与率ｒiを示している。
そして、吸込寄与率演算部１２は、各測定点における吸込寄与率ｒiを記憶部５へ書き込み、記憶させる。
例えば、このとき、図３に示すように２つの吹き出し（Inlet１，２）と２つの吸い込み口（Outlet１，２）がある場合において説明する。
【００３０】
濃度場演算部１３は、求められた吸い込み口（Outlet）1及び2の吸込寄与率の空間分布を、（３）式及び（４）式にそれぞれに基づいて、室内空間で一様にトレーサー（汚染質）を発生させ、拡散方程式を解く。
ここで、濃度場演算部１３は、（３）式及び（４）式により、それぞれ、Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2を求める。
ここで、求められるＣ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2の和は、それぞれの吸い込み口（Outlet１，２）で分離せずに解析した場合において、拡散方程式である（１）式を解いた解と同値である。
Ｃ1は吸い込み口１の吸込寄与率で重み付けられた濃度であり、吸い込み口１の空気余命に対応する。Ｃ2は吸い込み口２の吸込寄与率で重み付けられた濃度であり、吸い込み口２の空気余命に対応する。
【００３１】
空気余命演算部１４は、図３のように複数の吸い込み口（吸い込み口１，２）がある場合、室内の空気余命に対応する濃度を（３），（４）式の拡散方程式に基づいて演算する。
ここで、Ｃ1及びＣ2の分布は空気余命の分布に対応している。
すでに述べたように、吸込寄与率演算部１２は、吹き出し口及び吸い込み口が各々２つづつ有る場合を想定し、測定点（空間座標における演算点、すなわち空間座標（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ）である）iにおける吸込口1(Outlet1)と吸込口2(Outle2)との吸込寄与率ｒiの演算を行う。
【００３２】
吸い込み口1(Outlet1)と吸い込み口2(Outle2)との吸込寄与率を、各々ｒ1(i)，ｒ2(i)とすると、測定点ｉの空気余命に対応する濃度Ｃ(i)は、（５）式により表される。
この（５）式は、測定点ｉの空気余命に対応する濃度Ｃ(i)が、吸い込み口１から流出する空気の空気余命に対応する濃度Ｃ1(i)と、吸い込み口２から流出する空気の空気余命に対応する濃度Ｃ2(i)との、吸込寄与率ｒ1(i)およびｒ2(i)による重み平均であることを示す。
【００３３】
（５）式において、重みとして用いられた吸い込み口１および２の吸込寄与率ｒ1(i)及びｒ2(i)の和は、その場の空気は最終的にそれぞれ吸い込み口１及び２からのみ排出されるので、原理的に（６）式を満たす。
以上の原理に従い、空気余命演算部１４は、（３）式および（４）式により求められた濃度場Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2を各々吸込寄与率ｒ1(i)，ｒ2(i)で除算することにより、各吸い込み口１または２から流出する空気の空気余命に対応する濃度Ｃ1(i)，Ｃ2(i)を演算することができる。
ここで、空気余命演算部４は、上記空気余命に対応する濃度Ｃ1(i)，Ｃ2(i)を、名目換気時間（換気回数の逆数）で無次元化し、名目換算時間を単位とする空気余命（時間）となる。
【００３４】
次に、図１、図３および図５を参照し、一実施形態による空気余命分布性状解析システムの動作例を説明する。
ステップＳ１１において、解析空間演算部１１は、解析空間を所定の割合で分割して測定点の空間座標を設定して、この解析空間の設定した空間座標毎に、流れ場と温度場との解析・演算を行い、流れ場および温度場のデータを得る。
そして、ステップＳ１２において、解析空間演算部１１は、流れ場の時間方向（ベクトル方向）を逆転させ、逆転流れ場を生成し、演算結果の逆転流れ場と温度場とのデータを、記憶部１５へ一時的に記憶させる。
【００３５】
次に、ステップＳ１３において、吸込寄与率演算部１２は、記憶部１５から逆転流れ場と温度場とのデータを読み出し、各空間座標、すなわち測定点において、逆転流れ場と温度場とを固定させた上で各吸込口の勢力範囲、即ち吸込寄与率の演算を行う。
そして、吸込寄与率演算部１２は、物理量の輸送方程式に基づく（１）式により、吸込寄与率として、粒子濃度の空間分布の演算を行う。
【００３６】
これにより、吸込寄与率演算部１２は、解析された濃度の空間分布を、（２'）式により、対象吸込口の勢力範囲、すなわち吸込寄与率ｒn(i)の演算を行う。
そして、吸込寄与率演算部１２は、演算された各測定点毎の吸込寄与率ｒn(i)を記憶部１５へ書き込み、記憶させる。
例えば、このとき、図３に示すように２つの吹出口（Inlet１，２）と２つの吸い込み口（Outlet１，２）がある場合において説明する。
ただし、（１）式において、トレーサー発生発生量ｑ0は空間で「０」として、各吸い込み口の吸込寄与率を算出する演算毎に当該吸い込み口でトレーサー発生量ｑを与える。
【００３７】
次に、ステップＳ１４において、濃度場演算部１３は、ステップＳ１２で求められた吸い込み口１及び２の吸込寄与率の空間分布を用い、以下に示す（３）式及び（４）式にそれぞれに基づいて、室内空間で一様にトレーサーを発生させて、拡散方程式を解き、それぞれ、空間座標ｘjにおける吸い込み口の吸込寄与率で重み付けられた濃度場Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2を求める。
ここで、求められる濃度場Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2の和は、それぞれの吸込口（Outlet１，２）で分離せずに解析した場合において、拡散方程式である（１）式を解いた解と同値である。
【００３８】
そして、ステップＳ１５において、空気余命演算部４は、図３のように複数の吸込口（吸い込み口１，２）がある場合のそれぞれの吸い込み口に対応する空気余命を演算する。
すなわち、空気余命演算部１４は、（３）式および（４）式により求められた吸込寄与率に重み付けられた濃度場Ｃ1ｒ1及びＣ2ｒ2を各々吸込寄与率ｒ1(i)，ｒ2(i)で除算することにより、各吸い込み口１または２から流入した空気の空気余命に対応する濃度Ｃ1(i)，Ｃ2(i)を演算することができる。
次に、ステップＳ１６において、空気余命演算部１４は、上記空気余命に対応する濃度Ｃ1(i)，Ｃ2(i)を、名目換気時間（換気回数の逆数）で無次元化する。
これにより、名目換気時間を単位の時間とする各吸い込み口に対応する空気余命の空間分布が求まる。
そして、ステップＳ１７において、空気余命演算部１４は、得られた各空間座標における、各々の吸い込み口に対応した空気余命を、記憶部１５においてこの空間座標に対応して記憶させる。
【００３９】
次に、本発明の空気齢分布性状解析システム及び空気余命分布性状解析システムを用いた、空気齢および空気余命のシミュレーションについて説明する。
応用例の解析としては、図５に示す解析対象空間において、パーソナル空調システムを使用した場合を対象とする。
ここで、パーソナル空調とは、図６に示すように、個人を対象とした空調システムで、所定の温度で、一定の風速でフィルタを通して清浄化された空気を各個人の対象となる範囲に供給する。
図７のテーブル１に示すように、２つのCaseを検討する。各ケースにおける吹出口から人体までの距離は前者が吹出口有効直径の約３倍、後者が約１０倍としている。
【００４０】
解析に用いたＣＦＤモデル及び境界条件は、図８のテーブル２に示されている。
ここで、人体モデルは、発熱体（総対流熱伝達量：３８／人）としており、吸気は鼻から行うものとする。この場合の定常吸入量は、１４.４（リットル／分）とする。
・呼吸空気質の評価指標
換気効率指標SVEsのうち吹出・吸込勢力範囲（SVE4，５）及び各々の吹出口に対応する空気齢及び各々の吸込口の空気余命を評価する。
【００４１】
・CASE１：大開口吹出（図９，１０）
（１）アンビエント空調の効果
人体の呼吸領域において、アンビエント空調の吹出口の勢力範囲（吹出寄与率）は約０.３〜０.１程度以下と演算されている。
この部分は吹き出し口の空気齢を求める際、除算の分母となる吸い込み口の吸込寄与率が小さいため、同領域における吹出口の空気齢の推定精度は悪くなる。
呼吸領域の空気齢は約０.９である。人体の呼吸域における吸込口の勢力範囲は約０.６程度であると、対応する空気余命は概ね０.６である。
【００４２】
（２）パーソナル空調の効果
CASE１において、パーソナル空調吹出口の人体の呼吸領域での勢力範囲（吹出寄与率）は約０.８以上となっている。
パーソナル空調吹出口からの空気齢は人体呼吸領域でも約０.３以下となっている。
アンビエント空調吹出口の空気齢とパーソナル空調吹出口において空気齢をその勢力範囲(寄与率)の重みを付して平均した値は前報で同様のケースにおける呼吸領域の空気齢（約０.４)と同じである。
呼吸領域においてパーソナル空調の吸込口の勢力範囲は約０.３であり、空気余命は約０.８である。これとアンビエント空調の吸込口の空気余命時間を各吸込口の勢力範囲(寄与率)を重みとして平均した余命は前報での結果（約０.６）とほぼ同値である。
【００４３】
・CASE２：小開口吹出（図１１，１２）
（１）アンビエント空調の効果
CASE2のアンビエント空調方式はパーソナル空調の特性の違いにより、CASE1の場合とは吹出・吸込口の勢力範囲やその空気齢及び空気余命の分布が多少異なる結果となっている。
人体の呼吸領域において、アンビエント空調の吹出口の勢力範囲は約０.５であり、アンビエント空調の影響がCASE1に比べ大きい。
また、その空気齢は約０.９となっている。吸込口の勢力範囲は約０.６、空気余命は約０.７となっている。
【００４４】
（２）パーソナル空調の効果
CASE2において、呼吸領域でパーソナル空調の吹出口の勢力範囲は約０.５でCASE1に比べて小さい。
また、空気齢は０.８となり、CASE1に比べ約2倍の値となっている。
この値とアンビエント空調の吹出口の空気齢を勢力範囲を考慮して重み平均した結果（約０.８）、吹き出し口で分離せずに（１）式を解いた結果と一致する。
吸込口において、人体の呼吸領域での吸込口の勢力範囲は約０.４であり、空気余命は約０.８である。この値とアンビエント空調の吸込口の空気余命を重み平均した結果（約０.７）は吸い込み口で分離せずに（１）式を解いた結果と一致する。
【００４５】
上述したように、本発明による空気齢分布性状解析システムは、複数の吹出口が存在する場合に、所定の空間座標における各吹き出し口毎の空気齢を求めることができ、部屋のいずれの位置に吹き出し口を設けることにより、効率的な換気が行えるかの解析が行える。
同様に、本発明による空気余命分布性状解析システムは、複数の吸込口が存在する場合に、所定の空間座標における各吸い込み口毎の空気余命を求めることができ、部屋のいずれの位置に吸い込み口を設けることにより、効率的な換気が行えるかの解析が行える。
【００４６】
そして、本発明による空気齢分布性状解析システムおよび空気余命分布性状解析システムを用いることにより、複数の吹出・吸込口が存在している室内において、各々の吹出口と吸込口との、それぞれの空気の流入と流出との寄与率に対応して、各吹出口，吸込口に対応する空気齢及び空気余命を評価することができ、効率的な換気システムの設計が可能となる。
すなわち、本発明による空気齢分布性状解析システム及び空気余命分布性状解析システムは、それぞれの吹出口や吸込口に対応する空気齢及び空気余命を勢力範囲（吹出寄与率，吸込寄与率）に対応して求めることができる。
【００４７】
また、本発明による空気齢分布性状解析システムおよび空気余命分布性状解析システムにおいて、それぞれの吹出口や吸込口に対応する空気齢及び空気余命を勢力範囲(寄与率)で重み平均した結果は室内全体に対する空気齢及び空気余命と同値となることを確認した。
さらに、本発明によれば、パーソナル空調の吹出，吸込口が人体の呼吸空気質に及ぼす影響を容易により詳細に評価することが可能となった。
【００４８】
なお、上記した本発明の実施形態においては、空気齢分布性状解析システムおよび空気余命分布性状解析システムにおいて実行される手順をコンピュータ読取り可能な記録媒体に記録し、この記録媒体に記録されたプログラムをコンピュータシステムに読み込ませ、実行することにより本発明の製造誤差評価システムが実現されるものとする。ここでいうコンピュータシステムとは、ＯＳや周辺機器等のハードウアを含むものである。
【００４９】
更に、「コンピュータシステム」は、ＷＷＷシステムを利用している場合であれば、ホームページ提供環境（あるいは表示環境）も含むものとする。
また、「コンピュータ読取り可能な記録媒体」とは、フレキシブルディスク、光磁気ディスク、ＲＯＭ、ＣＤ−ＲＯＭ等の可搬媒体、コンピュータシステムに内蔵されるハードディスク等の記憶装置のことをいう。さらに「コンピュータ読取り可能な記録媒体」とは、インターネット等のネットワークや電話回線等の通信回線を介してプログラムが送信された場合のシステムやクライアントとなるコンピュータシステム内部の揮発性メモリ（ＲＡＭ）のように、一定時間プログラムを保持しているものも含むものとする。
【００５０】
また、上記プログラムは、このプログラムを記憶装置等に格納したコンピュータシステムから、伝送媒体を介して、あるいは、伝送媒体中の伝送波により他のコンピュータシステムに伝送されてもよい。ここで、プログラムを伝送する「伝送媒体」は、インターネット等のネットワーク（通信網）や電話回線等の通信回線（通信線）のように情報を伝送する機能を有する媒体のことをいう。
また、上記プログラムは、前述した機能の一部を実現するためのものであっても良い。さらに、前述した機能をコンピュータシステムにすでに記録されているプログラムとの組み合わせで実現できるもの、いわゆる差分ファイル（差分プログラム）であっても良い。
【００５１】
以上、本発明の一実施形態を図面を参照して詳述してきたが、具体的な構成はこの実施形態に限られるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等があっても本発明に含まれる。
【００５２】
【発明の効果】
本発明の空気齢分布性状解析システムおよび空気余命分布性状解析システムによれば、複数の吹出・吸込口が存在している室内において、各々の吹出口と吸込口との、それぞれの空気の流入と流出との寄与率に対応して、各吹出口，吸込口に対応する空気齢及び空気余命を評価することができ、効率的な換気システムの設計が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の一実施形態による空気齢分布性状解析システムの構成例を示すブロック図である。
【図２】 本発明の一実施形態による空気余命分布性状解析システムの構成例を示すブロック図である。
【図３】 空気齢分布性状解析システムおよび空気余命分布性状解析システムの動作例を説明する概念図である。
【図４】 図１の空気齢分布性状解析システムの動作例を説明するフローチャートである。
【図５】 図２の空気余命分布性状解析システムの動作例を説明するフローチャートである。
【図６】 解析対象空間である部屋の構成を示す概念図である。
【図７】 応用例のシミュレーションにおけるとしての解析のケースを示すテーブル１である。
【図８】 応用例のシミュレーションにおける解析に用いる境界条件を示すテーブル２である。
【図９】 CASE1のシミュレーション結果における（アンビニエント空調に対応）、空気齢および空気余命の分布を示す概念図である。
【図１０】 CASE1のシミュレーション結果における（パーソナル空調に対応）、空気齢および空気余命の分布を示す概念図である。
【図１１】 CASE2のシミュレーション結果における（アンビニエント空調に対応）、空気齢および空気余命の分布を示す概念図である。
【図１２】 CASE2のシミュレーション結果における（パーソナル空調に対応）、空気齢および空気余命の分布を示す概念図である。
【図１３】 空気齢および空気余命を説明する概念図である。
【符号の説明】
１，１１ 解析空間演算部
２ 吹出寄与率演算部
３，１３ 濃度場演算部
４ 空気齢演算部
５，１５ 記憶部
１２ 吸込寄与率演算部
１４ 空気余命演算部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a distribution property analysis system for air age and air life expectancy that evaluates the contribution of air outlets and air intakes to indoor ventilation when designing the air environment of a living room.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, the indoor air environment is often designed on the assumption that the room is in a completely mixed state, that is, the room is in a uniform state.
The necessary ventilation is calculated by the Seidel equation shown below so that the indoor CO2 concentration is below the allowable concentration (1000 ppm).
Q ≧ M / (C−C0): Seidel equation
Here, Q indicates the amount of air necessary for ventilation, M indicates the amount of CO2 exhaled by humans, C indicates the allowable concentration of indoor CO2, and C0 indicates the CO2 concentration of the outside air introduced for ventilation. .
[0003]
At this time, it is assumed that the indoor air is in a completely mixed state (air and CO2 are uniformly and completely mixed) without considering the concentration distribution of contaminants such as CO2 in the room.
This premise is appropriate when the target is an office where air is well mixed by air conditioning and the pollution sources are averagely distributed, and the above-mentioned Seidel equation can be used effectively.
[0004]
However, when the indoor pollution source is unevenly distributed or when there is a possibility that a region where ventilation is locally poor may occur, the room cannot be considered as a uniform and completely mixed state.
If the indoor environment is not considered uniform, consider the indoor pollution distribution and ventilation efficiency distribution, and the target room, such as a ventilation control system that keeps the concentration of pollutants in the required local area below the allowable concentration It is desirable to adopt a ventilation system that corresponds to the local area instead of the whole.
[0005]
At this time, in order to effectively perform the local control of the indoor air environment, the most effective control factor is the outlet (or outlet airflow) and the inlet (or inlet airflow) in the area to be controlled. It is effective to specifically evaluate whether it has a degree of influence.
As an index for evaluating the ventilation efficiency of a room, the age of air (Residual life time of air) corresponding to the time course of air exhausted through a certain point in the room from the outlet , There is a residence time of air.
[0006]
Conventionally, in the analysis of each index, the age of the air blown out from one outlet is a temporal change in the concentration of the tracer gas at each point of the tracer gas mixed in a pulse or step function in the outlet air. Can be calculated by observing.
This is the same when a plurality of outlets are provided in the room. By performing the same operation for each of the plurality of blown airs, the age of each blown air can be obtained individually at each point in the room.
The life expectancy of air can also be calculated by injecting a tracer gas (for example, CO 2 or SF 6) in an arbitrary room position in a pulse or step function and observing the concentration change at each inlet (for example, Non-patent documents 1, 2).
[Non-Patent Document 1]
S. Kato et al: New Ventilation Efficiency Scales Based on Spatial Distribution of Contaminant Concentration Aided by Numerical Simulation, ASHRAE Trans.Vol.94 (2), 309-330, 1988.
[Non-Patent Document 2]
Kobayashi et al .: Study on evaluation index for ventilation efficiency and thermal environment formation efficiency in imperfectly mixed rooms 1st report, Development of evaluation index for ventilation efficiency in local area based on CFD, Proceedings of the Society of Air Conditioning and Sanitation Engineering, No68, 29-36, 1998.1 .
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the analysis of the air age and air life expectancy in accordance with the principle as described above is actually performed, and the spatial distribution of air age and air life expectancy corresponding to each air outlet and each air intake in the room is: It is not easy to obtain the correspondence between the air blown out or sucked out at each air outlet and each air inlet.
Regarding the analysis of the distribution of air age and air life expectancy in the room, “Shuzo Murakami, Shinsuke Kato, Yukihiko Tanaka, Shinichiro Nagano, Satoru Ike: Study on a clean room with a local flow balance system by intake and exhaust on the ceiling (1st report), Proceedings of the Society of Air Conditioning and Sanitary Engineering. NO.42 (1990-2) "and" Shuzo Murakami, Shinsuke Kato, Shinichiro Nagano, Yukihiko Tanaka: Study on local flow balance type clean room with ceiling air intake and exhaust (2nd report) , Air Conditioning and Sanitary Engineering Society Proceedings. NO.43 (1990-6) ", ventilation efficiency index (SVE3, SVE6) corresponding to (matching) air age and air life expectancy, and diffusion that uniformly generates tracers in the room It is shown that it can be easily obtained by field analysis.
[0008]
Here, as shown in FIG. 13, SVE3 is a dimensionless concentration distribution obtained by standardizing each point concentration at the time when the indoor uniform tracer is generated by an instantaneous uniform diffusion concentration (average arrival time of blown air at each measurement point: air Age distribution), which corresponds to the distribution of air age. SVE6 is a dimensionless concentration distribution in which the concentration of each point when a uniform tracer is generated in a room is normalized by the instantaneous uniform diffusion concentration in a flow field that is virtually reversed, such as video playback by video reversal. The numerical value at each point indicates the average time (air life expectancy) until the air passing through that point is discharged. Here, each point indicates a grid point provided as a calculation point that is calculated at predetermined intervals by placing a room configured for numerical analysis on a three-dimensional axis.
[0009]
However, in the diffusion field analysis using SVE3 and SVE6 described above, the air blown out from each outlet and the air sucked into each inlet are not distinguished, and therefore correspond to the respective outlets and inlets. It is not possible to determine the spatial distribution of individual air age or air life expectancy.
For this reason, in the conventional analysis method, the air age for each air outlet and the air for each air inlet are analyzed in the personal air conditioning where the ambient area is generally ventilated and air conditioned, and the task area is individually ventilated and air conditioned. Although analysis of life expectancy is required, there is a drawback that sufficient analysis results cannot be obtained.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in view of such a background, and the contribution of a plurality of air outlets and air inlets to the air age and life expectancy at a predetermined measurement point in a room is clarified, and the ventilation system for improving the ventilation efficiency is clarified. It is to provide an air age distribution property analysis system and an air life distribution property analysis system that enable design.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The air age distribution property analysis system of the present invention is based on the continuity of fluid, the Navier-Stokes equation satisfying the fluid mass conservation law and the momentum conservation law, and the energy conservation law based on the law of Fourier. Analyzing and calculating the flow field and temperature field in the analysis space using the turbulent flow model, and storing the flow field and temperature field data of the calculation result in the storage unit, the flow field and temperature And a blowout contribution ratio calculation unit for obtaining a spatial distribution (SVE4) of the blowout contribution ratio indicating the ratio of the inflow of air to the measurement point for each blowout outlet. For each effective volume distribution corresponding to each effective outlet, which is an effective volume, a concentration field calculation unit that generates a tracer uniformly in the indoor space and solves the diffusion equation, and the concentration field corresponds to the corresponding blowout contribution. By dividing by the rate And having an air age calculator for calculating a spatial distribution of age of air of the air flowing from the air outlet.
[0012]
The system for analyzing the life expectancy distribution of the present invention is based on the continuity of fluid, the Navier-Stokes equation that satisfies the fluid mass conservation law and the momentum conservation law, and the energy conservation law based on the law of Fourier. Analyzes and calculates the flow field and temperature field in the analysis space using the turbulent flow model, generates a reverse flow field by reversing the vector direction of the flow field of the calculation result, and calculates the obtained reverse flow field and temperature field. Spatial distribution of the suction contribution ratio indicating the ratio of each suction port of the outflow of air from the measurement point by fixing the reversal flow field and the temperature field by storing the analysis space calculation unit that stores the data in the storage unit ( For each effective volume distribution corresponding to each suction port that uses each suction contribution ratio as the effective volume in the field, a tracer is generated uniformly in the indoor space, and the diffusion equation is calculated. Solve and calculate And concentration field calculation unit, the concentration field is divided by each corresponding suction contribution rate, and having an air life expectancy calculator for calculating the air life expectancy of the air flowing into the suction port.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<Air age distribution analysis system>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an air age distribution property analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In this figure, the analysis space computing unit 1 calculates the average flow that models turbulent flow from the fluid continuity formula, the Navier-Stokes equation that satisfies the fluid mass conservation law and the momentum conservation law, and the energy conservation law based on the Fourier law. The flow field and the temperature field are analyzed and calculated in the analysis space by the turbulent flow model, and the data of the flow field and the temperature field as the calculation result are stored in the storage unit 5 (written and stored).
[0014]
The blowout contribution rate calculation unit 2 obtains the power range of each outlet, that is, the spatial distribution of the blowout contribution rate, after fixing the flow field and temperature field read from the storage unit 5. The power range and contribution rate of the outlet are used interchangeably and are represented as SVE4.
This blowout contribution rate shows how much the particles (tracers showing fresh air) that have no inertia from each outlet (negligible gravity settling) reach the point on average flow, ie This is a numerical value indicating the ratio of air flowing in from each outlet in the entire amount of air flowing into a predetermined measurement point (spatial coordinates).
The blowout contribution ratio calculation unit 2 obtains the spatial distribution of the particle concentration as the analysis result (calculation result) of the blowout contribution ratio by the following equation (1), which is a diffusion equation based on the physical quantity transport equation.
[Expression 1]

Here, C is the tracer concentration [kg / cubic m], D / Dt represents the total differential operation, uj represents each wind speed component, ∂ / ∂Xj represents the spatial partial derivative, and νt represents the eddy diffusion coefficient. Sc is the Schmitt number, and q0 is the amount of tracer generated [kg / s cubic m].
The tracer generation amount has a finite value q only at the target outlet when calculating the blowout contribution ratio, and is “0” at other portions other than this outlet.
[0015]
Then, the blowout contribution ratio calculation unit 2 renders the spatial distribution of the analyzed concentration non-dimensional by the following equation (2), and as a spatial distribution of the power range of the target blowout outlet, that is, the blowout contribution ratio rn (i). (This blowout contribution ratio rn (i) corresponds to the effective volume ratio of air coming from the blowout port n).
[Expression 2]

Here, SVE4 (x) represents the blowout contribution rate ri of the blowout port n (n: natural number) at a predetermined spatial coordinate x (x, y, z).
Then, the blowout contribution rate calculation unit 2 writes the blowout contribution rate ri at each calculation point into the storage unit 5 and stores it.
For example, at this time, a case where there are two outlets (Inlet 1, 2) and two inlets (Outlet 1, 2) as shown in FIG. 3 will be described.
[0016]
The concentration field calculation unit 3 uniformly calculates the spatial distribution of the blowout contribution ratio of the blowout outlets (Inlet) 1 and 2 in the indoor space based on the following formulas (3) and (4), respectively. Generate a tracer (contaminant) and solve the diffusion equation.
[Equation 3]

[Expression 4]

Here, νt is the eddy viscosity coefficient (m2 / s), Sc is the Schmitt number, D / Dt represents the total differential operation, and q0 is the amount of tracer generated (kg / s cubic m).
[0017]
Here, the concentration field calculation unit 3 obtains C1r1 and C2r2 by the equations (3) and (4), respectively.
Here, the calculated sum of C1r1 and C2r2 is equivalent to the solution obtained by solving the equation (1), which is a diffusion equation, when analyzed without separation at the respective outlets (Inlet 1, 2).
C1 is a concentration weighted by the blowout contribution rate of the blowout port 1 and corresponds to the air age of the blowout port 1. C2 is a concentration weighted by the blowout contribution rate of the blowout port 2, and is an airflow density corresponding to the air age of the blowout port 2.
[0018]
When there are a plurality of air outlets (air outlets 1 and 2) as shown in FIG. 3, the air age calculation unit 4 determines the tracer concentration corresponding to the air age in the room based on the diffusion equations of the expressions (3) and (4). To calculate.
Equations (3) and (4) are diffusion equations for obtaining indoor concentrations C1 and C2 when there is a tracer generation amount q0 when the effective volume ratio distribution of the space is r1 and r2, respectively.
Here, the distribution of C1 and C2 corresponds to the distribution of air age.
As already described, the blowout contribution rate calculation unit 2 assumes a case where there are two blowout ports and two suction ports, respectively, at measurement points (calculation points in spatial coordinates, that is, spatial coordinates (x, y, z)). A) The blowout contribution ratio ri between the blowout port 1 (Inlet1) and the blowout port 2 (Inle2) at i is calculated.
[0019]
When the blowout contribution ratios of the blowout port 1 (Inlet1) and the blowout port 2 (Inle2) are r1 (i) and r2 (i), respectively, the concentration C (i) corresponding to the air age at the measurement point i is as follows: It is expressed by the equation (5) shown in FIG.
[Equation 5]

In this equation (5), the concentration C (i) corresponding to the air age at the measurement point i is equal to the concentration C1 (i) corresponding to the air age of the air flowing in from the air outlet 1 and the air flowing in from the air outlet 2. It shows that it is the weighted average by the blowout contribution ratios r1 (i) and r2 (i) with the concentration C2 (i) corresponding to the air age.
[0020]
In the formula (5), the sum of the blowout contribution ratios r1 (i) and r2 (i) of the blowout openings 1 and 2 used as weights is that the air on the spot comes only from the blowout openings 1 and 2, respectively. Therefore, the following equation (6) is satisfied in principle.
[Formula 6]

In accordance with the above principle, the air age calculation unit 4 solves the equations (3) and (4) with C1r1 and C2r2 as unknowns, and obtains the concentration fields C1r1 and C2r2 determined by the calculation, respectively, as the blowing contribution ratio r1 By dividing by (i) and r2 (i), the concentrations C1 (i) and C2 (i) corresponding to the age of the air flowing in from each outlet 1 or 2 can be calculated.
Here, the air age calculation unit 4 renders the concentrations C1 (i) and C2 (i) corresponding to the air age non-dimensional with the nominal ventilation time (reciprocal of the ventilation frequency) according to the equation (2), and the nominal ventilation time. The age of air in hours.
[0021]
Next, with reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4, the operation example of the air age distribution property analysis system by one Embodiment is demonstrated.
In step S1, the analysis space calculation unit 1 divides the analysis space at a predetermined ratio and sets the space coordinates of the measurement points, and analyzes the flow field and the temperature field for each set space coordinate of the analysis space. Calculation is performed, and the data of the flow field and temperature field of the calculation result are temporarily stored in the storage unit 5.
[0022]
Next, in step S2, the blowout contribution ratio calculation unit 2 reads the data of the flow field and the temperature field from the storage unit 5, and fixes the flow field and the temperature field at each spatial coordinate, that is, at the measurement point. The calculation of the power range of each outlet, that is, the outlet contribution ratio is performed.
And the blowing contribution rate calculating part 2 calculates the spatial distribution of particle concentration as a blowing contribution rate by (1) Formula based on the transport equation of physical quantity.
However, in the equation (1), the tracer generation amount q0 is set to “0” in the space, and the tracer generation amount q is given at the blowout port every time the blowout contribution rate is calculated.
[0023]
As a result, the blowout contribution ratio calculation unit 2 calculates the power range of the target outlet, that is, the blowout contribution ratio rn (i), from the spatial distribution of the analyzed concentration, using equation (2).
Then, the blowing contribution rate calculation unit 2 writes and stores the calculated blowing contribution rate rn (i) for each measurement point in the storage unit 5.
For example, at this time, a case where there are two outlets (Inlet 1, 2) and two inlets (Outlet 1, 2) as shown in FIG. 3 will be described.
[0024]
Next, in step S3, the concentration field calculation unit 3 uses the spatial distribution of the blowout contribution ratios of the blowout ports 1 and 2 obtained in step S2, and uses the following expressions (3) and (4) respectively. Based on this, a tracer of q0 is generated uniformly in the indoor space, the diffusion equation is solved with C1r1 and C2r2 as unknowns, and concentration fields C1r1 and C2r2 weighted by the blowout outlet contribution ratio in the space coordinates xj are respectively obtained. Ask.
In the formulas (3) and (4), the effective volume ratios of the spaces are r1 and r2, and the substantial tracer generation amounts are r1q0 and r2q0, respectively.
Here, the obtained sum of the concentration fields C1r1 and C2r2 is equivalent to a solution obtained by solving the equation (1), which is a diffusion equation, when analyzed without separation at the respective outlets (Inlet 1, 2).
[0025]
And in step S4, the air age calculating part 4 calculates the air age corresponding to each blower outlet, when there exist several blower outlets (blowing outlets 1 and 2) like FIG.
That is, the air age calculation unit 4 divides the concentration fields C1r1 and C2r2 weighted by the blowout contribution rate obtained by the formulas (3) and (4) by the blowout contribution rates r1 (i) and r2 (i), respectively. By doing so, it is possible to calculate the concentrations C1 (i) and C2 (i) corresponding to the age of the air flowing in from each outlet 1 or 2.
Next, in step S5, the air age calculation unit 4 renders the concentrations C1 (i) and C2 (i) corresponding to the air age non-dimensional with the nominal ventilation time (reciprocal of the ventilation frequency) according to the equation (2). To do. Thereby, the spatial distribution of the air age corresponding to each outlet having the nominal ventilation time as a unit time is obtained.
And in step S6, the air age calculating part 4 memorize | stores the air age corresponding to each outlet in each obtained space coordinate in the memory | storage part 5 corresponding to this space coordinate.
[0026]
<Air life expectancy distribution analysis system>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an air life expectancy distribution property analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In this figure, the analysis space calculation unit 11 analyzes the air mission indicating the distribution state at each point in the room of the air discharged through the suction port to be examined in a room having a plurality of suction ports. Create a flow field with the progression reversed.
[0027]
For this reason, the analysis space calculation unit 11, like the analysis space calculation unit 1, is disturbed from the energy conservation law based on the fluid continuity formula, the fluid mass conservation law and the momentum conservation law, and the Fourier law. Analyzes and calculates the flow field and temperature field in the analysis space using the average flow turbulence model that models the flow.
Then, the analysis space calculation unit 11 is obtained by reversing the time progress of the flow field of the calculation result (reversing the direction of the vector of the flow field so that the airflow flows in the reverse direction with time progress). The data of the reverse flow field and the temperature field are stored (written and stored) in the storage unit 15.
In such a flow field, only advection is reversed for transport of concentration, and reverse diffusion (negative diffusion) is not taken into account.However, since advection is dominant in diffusion in a normal room, it is positive for convenience. In general, the diffusion term is used as it is without any problem.
[0028]
The suction contribution rate calculation unit 12 obtains the power range of each suction port (suction port), that is, the suction contribution rate after fixing the reverse flow field and temperature field read from the storage unit 15. The power range of the suction port, that is, the suction contribution rate, is used interchangeably and is also expressed as SVE5.
This suction contribution rate is calculated based on the average flow of particles (tracer showing fresh air) that has no inertia for each suction port (gravity settling can be ignored) from each measurement point for each suction port. It is a numerical value indicating the ratio of how much air has reached, that is, the ratio of the amount of air reaching each suction port with respect to the total amount of air flowing out from a certain spatial coordinate.
Moreover, the suction contribution rate calculating part 12 calculates | requires the spatial distribution of particle concentration as an analysis of the said suction contribution rate by (1) Formula which is a diffusion equation based on the transport equation of physical quantity.
[0029]
Then, the suction contribution rate calculation unit 12 renders the spatial distribution of the analyzed concentration dimensionless by the equation (2 ′) and obtains the power range of the target suction port, that is, the suction contribution rate rn (i) (this suction contribution The rate rn (i) corresponds to the effective volume ratio of air reaching the suction port n from the measurement point i).
Here, SVE5 (x) indicates the suction contribution rate ri of the suction port n (n: natural number) at a predetermined spatial coordinate x (x, y, z).
Then, the suction contribution rate calculation unit 12 writes the suction contribution rate ri at each measurement point into the storage unit 5 and stores it.
For example, the case where there are two balloons (Inlet 1, 2) and two inlets (Outlet 1, 2) as shown in FIG. 3 will be described.
[0030]
The concentration field calculation unit 13 traces the spatial distribution of the suction contribution ratios of the obtained inlets (Outlet) 1 and 2 uniformly in the indoor space based on the equations (3) and (4), respectively. (Pollutants) and solve the diffusion equation.
Here, the concentration field calculation unit 13 obtains C1r1 and C2r2 by the equations (3) and (4), respectively.
Here, the obtained sum of C1r1 and C2r2 is equivalent to the solution obtained by solving the equation (1), which is a diffusion equation, when the analysis is performed without separation at the respective inlets (Outlets 1 and 2).
C1 is a concentration weighted by the suction contribution rate of the suction port 1, and corresponds to the life expectancy of the suction port 1. C2 is a concentration weighted by the suction contribution rate of the suction port 2, and corresponds to the life expectancy of the suction port 2.
[0031]
When there are a plurality of suction ports (suction ports 1, 2) as shown in FIG. 3, the air life expectancy calculation unit 14 calculates the concentration corresponding to the air life expectancy in the room based on the diffusion equations (3) and (4). Calculate.
Here, the distribution of C1 and C2 corresponds to the distribution of life expectancy.
As already described, the suction contribution ratio calculation unit 12 assumes a case where there are two outlets and two suction openings, and the measurement points (calculation points in spatial coordinates, that is, spatial coordinates (x, y, z)). Calculate the suction contribution ratio ri between the suction port 1 (Outlet 1) and the suction port 2 (Outle 2) at i).
[0032]
When the suction contribution ratios of the suction port 1 (Outlet1) and the suction port 2 (Outle2) are r1 (i) and r2 (i), respectively, the concentration C (i) corresponding to the life expectancy at the measurement point i is ( 5) It is expressed by the formula.
In this equation (5), the concentration C (i) corresponding to the life expectancy at the measurement point i is equal to the concentration C1 (i) corresponding to the life expectancy of the air flowing out from the suction port 1 and the air flowing out from the suction port 2. It shows that it is a weighted average based on the suction contribution ratios r1 (i) and r2 (i) with the concentration C2 (i) corresponding to the remaining life expectancy.
[0033]
In the formula (5), the sum of the suction contribution ratios r1 (i) and r2 (i) of the suction ports 1 and 2 used as weights is that the air in the place is finally discharged only from the suction ports 1 and 2, respectively. Therefore, the formula (6) is satisfied in principle.
In accordance with the above principle, the life expectancy calculator 14 divides the concentration fields C1r1 and C2r2 obtained by the equations (3) and (4) by the suction contribution ratios r1 (i) and r2 (i), respectively. Concentrations C1 (i) and C2 (i) corresponding to the life expectancy of air flowing out from each suction port 1 or 2 can be calculated.
Here, the air life expectancy calculation unit 4 renders the concentrations C1 (i) and C2 (i) corresponding to the air life expectancy non-dimensional with the nominal ventilation time (the reciprocal of the ventilation frequency), and air with the nominal conversion time as a unit. Life expectancy (time).
[0034]
Next, an operation example of the life expectancy distribution property analysis system according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
In step S11, the analysis space calculation unit 11 divides the analysis space at a predetermined ratio and sets the space coordinates of the measurement points, and analyzes the flow field and the temperature field for each set space coordinate of the analysis space.・ Calculate and obtain flow field and temperature field data.
In step S12, the analysis space calculation unit 11 reverses the time direction (vector direction) of the flow field to generate a reverse flow field, and stores the data of the reverse flow field and the temperature field of the calculation result as the storage unit 15. Memorize temporarily.
[0035]
Next, in step S13, the suction contribution ratio calculation unit 12 reads the data of the reverse flow field and the temperature field from the storage unit 15, and fixes the reverse flow field and the temperature field at each spatial coordinate, that is, at the measurement point. After that, the power range of each suction port, that is, the suction contribution rate is calculated.
And the suction contribution rate calculating part 12 calculates the spatial distribution of a particle concentration as a suction contribution rate by (1) Formula based on the transport equation of physical quantity.
[0036]
As a result, the suction contribution rate calculation unit 12 calculates the power range of the target suction port, that is, the suction contribution rate rn (i), from the analyzed spatial distribution of the concentration, using equation (2 ′).
Then, the suction contribution rate calculation unit 12 writes and stores the calculated suction contribution rate rn (i) for each measurement point in the storage unit 15.
For example, at this time, a case where there are two outlets (Inlet 1, 2) and two inlets (Outlet 1, 2) as shown in FIG. 3 will be described.
However, in equation (1), the tracer generation amount q0 is set to “0” in the space, and the tracer generation amount q is given at the suction port for each calculation for calculating the suction contribution rate of each suction port.
[0037]
Next, in step S14, the concentration field calculation unit 13 uses the spatial distribution of the suction contribution ratios of the suction ports 1 and 2 obtained in step S12, and formulas (3) and (4) shown below, respectively. Based on this, a tracer is generated uniformly in the indoor space, the diffusion equation is solved, and concentration fields C1r1 and C2r2 weighted by the suction contribution ratio of the suction port at the space coordinates xj are obtained.
Here, the sum of the concentration fields C1r1 and C2r2 obtained is the same as the solution obtained by solving the equation (1), which is a diffusion equation, when analyzed without separation at the respective inlets (Outlets 1 and 2).
[0038]
In step S15, the life expectancy calculator 4 calculates the life expectancy corresponding to each suction port when there are a plurality of suction ports (suction ports 1, 2) as shown in FIG.
That is, the air life expectancy calculation unit 14 divides the concentration fields C1r1 and C2r2 weighted by the suction contribution ratio obtained by the expressions (3) and (4) by the suction contribution ratios r1 (i) and r2 (i), respectively. By doing so, it is possible to calculate the concentrations C1 (i) and C2 (i) corresponding to the life expectancy of the air flowing in from each suction port 1 or 2.
Next, in step S16, the life expectancy calculator 14 renders the concentrations C1 (i) and C2 (i) corresponding to the air life expectancy non-dimensional with the nominal ventilation time (the reciprocal of the ventilation frequency).
Thereby, the spatial distribution of the life expectancy of air corresponding to each suction port with the nominal ventilation time as a unit time is obtained.
In step S <b> 17, the remaining air life calculation unit 14 stores the remaining air life corresponding to each suction port in each obtained space coordinate in the storage unit 15 corresponding to this space coordinate.
[0039]
Next, simulation of air age and air life expectancy using the air age distribution property analysis system and the air life expectancy distribution property analysis system of the present invention will be described.
As an analysis of the application example, a case where a personal air conditioning system is used in the analysis target space shown in FIG.
Here, personal air conditioning is an air conditioning system for individuals, as shown in FIG. 6, and supplies air purified through a filter at a predetermined temperature and a constant wind speed to a range targeted for each individual. To do.
As shown in Table 1 of FIG. 7, two cases are examined. In each case, the distance from the air outlet to the human body is about 3 times the effective diameter of the air outlet in the former and about 10 times in the latter.
[0040]
The CFD model and boundary conditions used for the analysis are shown in Table 2 in FIG.
Here, it is assumed that the human body model is a heating element (total convection heat transfer amount: 38 / person), and intake is performed from the nose. The steady inhalation amount in this case is 14.4 (liters / minute).
・ Respiratory air quality evaluation index
Out of the ventilation efficiency index SVEs, the blowout / suction force range (SVE4, 5), the air age corresponding to each outlet, and the life expectancy of each inlet are evaluated.
[0041]
・ CASE1: Large opening blowing (Figs. 9 and 10)
(1) Effect of ambient air conditioning
In the breathing region of the human body, the power range (outlet contribution rate) of the outlet of the ambient air conditioning is calculated to be about 0.3 to 0.1 or less.
When this part calculates | requires the air age of a blower outlet, since the suction contribution rate of the suction inlet used as the denominator of a division is small, the estimation accuracy of the air age of a blower outlet in the same area | region worsens.
The age of air in the breathing area is about 0.9. When the force range of the suction port in the breathing region of the human body is about 0.6, the corresponding life expectancy of air is approximately 0.6.
[0042]
(2) Effects of personal air conditioning
In CASE 1, the range of power in the breathing area of the human body at the personal air-conditioning outlet (outflow contribution rate) is about 0.8 or more.
The age of air from the personal air conditioning outlet is about 0.3 or less even in the human respiratory region.
The air age at the ambient air-conditioning outlet and the average age of the air age at the personal air-conditioning outlet with the weight of the power range (contribution rate) is the average value in the previous case (about 0.4) ).
In the breathing area, the power range of the inlet of the personal air conditioner is about 0.3, and the life expectancy of the air is about 0.8. The life expectancy that averaged the life expectancy time of the inlet of ambient air conditioning with the weight range (contribution rate) of each inlet as a weight is almost the same as the result in the previous report (about 0.6).
[0043]
・ CASE2: Small opening blowing (Figs. 11 and 12)
(1) Effect of ambient air conditioning
The ambient air conditioning system of CASE2 is different from the case of CASE1 due to the differences in the characteristics of personal air conditioning.
In the breathing region of the human body, the influence range of the air outlet of the ambient air conditioning is about 0.5, and the influence of the ambient air conditioning is larger than that of CASE1.
The air age is about 0.9. The power range of the suction port is about 0.6, and the life expectancy of air is about 0.7.
[0044]
(2) Effects of personal air conditioning
In CASE2, the power range of the air conditioning outlet in the breathing area is about 0.5, which is smaller than CASE1.
The age of air is 0.8, which is about twice that of CASE1.
This value and the air age of the air outlet of the ambient air conditioning are the result of weighted averaging considering the power range (about 0.8), which agrees with the result of solving the equation (1) without separating at the air outlet.
In the suction port, the power range of the suction port in the breathing region of the human body is about 0.4, and the life expectancy of the air is about 0.8. The result of weighted average of this value and the life expectancy of the air inlet of ambient air conditioning (about 0.7) agrees with the result of solving equation (1) without separation at the inlet.
[0045]
As described above, the air age distribution property analysis system according to the present invention can determine the air age for each outlet in a predetermined spatial coordinate when there are a plurality of outlets, and can be located at any position in the room. By providing the outlet, it is possible to analyze whether efficient ventilation can be performed.
Similarly, when there are a plurality of air inlets, the life expectancy distribution property analysis system according to the present invention can determine the life expectancy of each air inlet in a predetermined spatial coordinate, and the air inlet at any position in the room. By providing, it is possible to analyze whether efficient ventilation can be performed.
[0046]
And by using the air age distribution property analysis system and the air life distribution property analysis system according to the present invention, the air in each of the air outlets and the air inlets in the room where there are a plurality of air outlets and air inlets. Corresponding to the contribution ratio between the inflow and outflow, the air age and life expectancy corresponding to each air outlet and air inlet can be evaluated, and an efficient ventilation system can be designed.
That is, the air age distribution property analysis system and the life expectancy distribution property analysis system according to the present invention correspond to the air age and the life expectancy corresponding to each outlet and suction port in the power range (blowout contribution rate, suction contribution rate). Can be obtained.
[0047]
In addition, in the air age distribution property analysis system and the air life distribution property analysis system according to the present invention, the results of weighted average of the air age and air life expectancy corresponding to each outlet and suction port by the power range (contribution rate) It was confirmed to be equivalent to the air age and the life expectancy for.
Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily and in detail evaluate the influence of the blowout / suction port of personal air conditioning on the respiratory air quality of the human body.
[0048]
In the embodiment of the present invention described above, the procedures executed in the air age distribution property analysis system and the air life distribution property analysis system are recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on the recording medium is recorded. It is assumed that the manufacturing error evaluation system of the present invention is realized by being read and executed by a computer system. The computer system referred to here includes an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices.
[0049]
Further, the “computer system” includes a homepage providing environment (or display environment) if the WWW system is used.
The “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, and a CD-ROM, and a storage device such as a hard disk built in the computer system. Further, the “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a volatile memory (RAM) in a computer system that becomes a client or a system when a program is transmitted through a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. In addition, those holding programs for a certain period of time are also included.
[0050]
The program may be transmitted from a computer system storing the program in a storage device or the like to another computer system via a transmission medium or by a transmission wave in the transmission medium. Here, the “transmission medium” for transmitting the program refers to a medium having a function of transmitting information, such as a network (communication network) such as the Internet or a communication line (communication line) such as a telephone line.
The program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above. Furthermore, what can implement | achieve the function mentioned above in combination with the program already recorded on the computer system, and what is called a difference file (difference program) may be sufficient.
[0051]
As mentioned above, although one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and there are design changes and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention. Are also included in the present invention.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
According to the air age distribution property analysis system and the life expectancy distribution property analysis system of the present invention, in a room where there are a plurality of air outlets / suction ports, the inflow of air at each of the air outlets and the air inlets. Corresponding to the contribution ratio with the outflow, the air age and the life expectancy corresponding to each air outlet and the air inlet can be evaluated, and an efficient ventilation system can be designed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an air age distribution property analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an air life expectancy distribution property analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an operation example of an air age distribution property analysis system and an air life distribution property analysis system.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the air age distribution property analysis system of FIG. 1;
5 is a flowchart for explaining an operation example of the life expectancy distribution property analysis system of FIG. 2; FIG.
FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of a room that is an analysis target space.
FIG. 7 is a table 1 showing a case of analysis as in a simulation of an application example.
FIG. 8 is a table 2 showing boundary conditions used for analysis in simulation of an application example.
FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram showing the distribution of air age and air life expectancy (corresponding to ambient air conditioning) in the CASE 1 simulation results.
FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing the distribution of air age and air life expectancy (corresponding to personal air conditioning) in the simulation result of CASE 1;
FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram showing the distribution of air age and air life expectancy (corresponding to ambient air conditioning) in the CASE 2 simulation results.
FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing the distribution of air age and air life expectancy in the CASE 2 simulation result (corresponding to personal air conditioning).
FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram illustrating air age and air life expectancy.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,11 Analysis space calculation unit
2 Blowout contribution rate calculation section
3,13 Concentration field calculator
4 Air age calculation part
5,15 storage unit
12 Suction contribution rate calculator
14 Air life expectancy calculator

Claims (6)

A storage unit in which data of a flow field and a temperature field of a spatial coordinate of a measurement point obtained by dividing the analysis space at a predetermined ratio is stored ;
The flow field and the temperature field are fixed, and the spatial distribution of the blowout contribution ratio indicating the ratio of the air inflow to the measurement point for each blowout outlet is obtained by calculating the particle concentration by the calculation of the physical quantity transport equation (1). A blowout contribution rate calculation unit that obtains a spatial distribution and obtains a spatial distribution of the blowout contribution rate of the target blowout port from the spatial distribution of the particle concentration by the equation (2) ;
For each effective volume distribution corresponding to each outlet having the respective blowing contribution ratio as an effective volume on the spot, a tracer q 0 is generated uniformly in the indoor space, and a diffusion equation based on a physical quantity transport equation is generated for each outlet. A concentration field calculator that calculates and solves the concentration field corresponding to
The concentration field corresponding to the respective outlet, each divided by the blowing contributions of each corresponding measurement point, and calculates the concentration corresponding to the age of air of the air flowing from the air outlet to each measurement point, the possess an air age calculator for calculating a spatial distribution of age of air corresponding to the outlet,
The blowout contribution rate calculation unit sets the tracer generation amount q 0 to “0” in the space in the equation (1) , and gives the tracer generation amount q to the blowout port every time the blowout contribution rate is calculated. Air age distribution property analysis system characterized by this.

If there are two outlets,
Tracer q is uniformly distributed in the indoor space for each effective volume distribution corresponding to each outlet where the concentration field calculation unit uses each blowing contribution rate as the effective volume of the field. 0 And the diffusion equation shown in equations (3) and (4) 1 And C 2 Is calculated as an unknown, and the air age calculator calculates the concentration field C 1 And C 2 Is divided by the blowout contribution rate at each corresponding measurement point to calculate the concentration corresponding to the air age of the air flowing in from each outlet for each measurement point, and the air age space corresponding to each outlet The air age distribution property analysis system according to claim 1, wherein the distribution is calculated.

Model turbulent flow from the fluid continuity formula, the Navier-Stokes equation that satisfies the fluid mass conservation law and the momentum conservation law, and the energy conservation law based on the Fourier law. An analysis space calculation unit that sets spatial coordinates, performs analysis / calculation of the flow field and temperature field in the analysis space for each spatial coordinate, and stores the data of the flow field and temperature field of the calculation result in the storage unit And further comprising: The air age distribution property analysis system according to claim 2. A storage unit in which data of a reverse flow field and a temperature field in which the time progression of the spatial coordinates of the measurement points obtained by dividing the analysis space at a predetermined ratio is reversed and the direction of the vector of the flow field is reversed is stored ,
By fixing the reverse flow field and the temperature field, the spatial distribution of the suction contribution ratio indicating the ratio of the outflow of air from the measurement point for each suction port is calculated by calculating the physical quantity transport equation (5) to the particle concentration. A suction contribution rate calculation unit that obtains the spatial distribution of the blowout contribution rate of the target suction port according to equation (6) from the spatial distribution of the particle concentration ,
For each effective volume distribution corresponding to each suction port having each suction contribution rate as an effective volume in place, a tracer q 0 is generated uniformly in the indoor space, and a diffusion equation based on a physical quantity transport equation is generated for each suction port. A concentration field calculator that calculates and solves the concentration field corresponding to
By dividing the concentration field corresponding to each suction port by the suction contribution rate for each corresponding measurement point , the concentration corresponding to the life expectancy of the air flowing out to each suction port is calculated for each measurement point, and possess an air life expectancy calculator for calculating a spatial distribution of air life expectancy corresponding to the suction port,
The blowout contribution rate calculation unit sets the tracer generation amount q 0 to “0” in the space in the equation (5) , and gives the tracer generation amount q to the suction port for each calculation for calculating the suction contribution rate of each suction port. Air life expectancy distribution analysis system.

For each effective volume distribution corresponding to each suction port in which the concentration field calculation unit uses each suction contribution rate as the effective volume of the field, the tracer q is uniformly distributed in the indoor space. 0 And the diffusion equation shown in equations (7) and (8) 1 And C 2 Is calculated as an unknown, and the air life expectancy calculator calculates the concentration field C 1 And C 2 Is divided by the suction contribution rate at each corresponding measurement point to calculate the concentration corresponding to the life expectancy of the air flowing out to each suction port for each measurement point, and the air life space corresponding to each suction port. 5. The life expectancy distribution property analysis system according to claim 4, wherein the distribution is calculated.

Model turbulent flow from the fluid continuity formula, the Navier-Stokes equation that satisfies the fluid mass conservation law and the momentum conservation law, and the energy conservation law based on the Fourier law. Spatial coordinates were set, and for each spatial coordinate, the flow field and temperature field were analyzed and calculated in the analysis space, and the flow field vector direction was reversed by reversing the time progression of the flow field of the calculation result. 6. The life expectancy distribution property analysis system according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising an analysis space calculation unit for storing data of the reverse flow field and the temperature field in the storage unit.

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