JP4135097B2 - Cyclone centrifuge - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cyclone type centrifugal separation device that separates and removes fine substances such as fine powdery debris contained in a fluid.

  For example, in a machining apparatus, cutting is performed while supplying a cutting fluid from a supply tank, and the cutting fluid contains fine powder cutting scraps. The cutting fluid containing the fine powdery cutting waste is supplied to the filter device, the cutting waste is removed by the filter device, and the cutting fluid is returned to the supply tank (for example, Patent Document 1).

  Such filter devices include, for example, those that remove cutting debris with a filter membrane or those that remove sediment by sedimentation, but all of them are fine powdery cutting debris contained in a large amount in the cutting fluid. There is a problem that it cannot be reliably removed in a short time by the apparatus. In addition, the filter membrane may be clogged. If the filter membrane is clogged, the filter device must first be disassembled and the filter membrane must be cleaned. When this cleaning work or use becomes impossible, replacement work occurs. In addition, when the filter membrane is used repeatedly, the filtration accuracy deteriorates and the filter membrane is likely to be clogged. Therefore, most of the filter membrane is a disposable filter membrane, and there is a problem that costs are increased.

When a cyclone centrifugal device is used instead of such a filter device, a liquid containing fines is swirled at a predetermined flow rate from the liquid introduction passage, and the fines are moved outwardly in a centrifugal state from the liquid outflow passage. Since the fluid from which the fine objects are separated is discharged and the separated fine objects are settled by decelerating the spiral, problems such as clogging are solved (for example, Patent Document 2).
JP 2001-137743 A JP-A-10-286493

  By the way, in such a cyclone type centrifugal separator, the vortex is decelerated and the separated fines are settled in the particle collection box. The phenomenon that the fine object floated up occurred, and the fine object could not be efficiently collected in the particle collection box.

  In addition, the fine matter floating from the particle collection box may reduce the sedimentation rate of the fine matter in the liquid, and a predetermined separation processing amount and separation performance may not be obtained.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is a cyclone type capable of efficiently collecting a fine object in a particle collection box and obtaining a predetermined separation processing amount and separation performance. The object is to provide a centrifuge.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the present invention is configured as follows.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a liquid containing a fine substance is supplied to generate a vortex at a predetermined flow rate, the fine substance is moved outward in a centrifugal state to discharge the fluid from which the fine substance has been separated, and the vortex is discharged. A cyclone section for decelerating and separating fines that have been decelerated,
A particle collection box for precipitating fines settled in the cyclone part through the communication hole,
Provide a cyclone part side electrode to give the same charge as the charge of the fine substance on the cyclone part side,
The cyclone part side electrode is provided at a lower part of the cyclone part, and has a center cone facing the communication hole,
Provide a particle collection box side electrode of a polarity different from the charge of the fine matter on the particle collection box side,
The cyclone centrifugal device is characterized in that voltages having different polarities are applied to the cyclone portion side electrode and the particle collection box side electrode .

The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the particle collection box side electrode has a cylinder having a large number of holes, a punching metal, or a metal mesh, and is arranged inside the particle collection box. To do.

The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that at least one of the cyclone portion side electrode or the particle collection box side electrode is movable in the vertical direction.

  With the above configuration, the present invention has the following effects.

In the first aspect of the present invention, a cyclone portion side electrode that imparts the same charge as the charge of the fine object is provided on the cyclone portion side, and a particle collection box side electrode having a polarity different from the charge of the fine matter is provided on the particle collection box side. By applying voltages of different polarities to the cyclone section side electrode and the particle collection box side electrode, the charged fines are attracted and the speed is increased so that the particles can settle quickly and reliably in the particle collection box. Can do. In addition, it is possible to suppress the fines from floating inside the particle collection box, efficiently collect the fines in the particle collection box, and obtain a predetermined separation processing amount and separation performance. In addition, since the cyclone part side electrode is provided at the lower part of the cyclone part and has a center cone facing the communication hole, fine objects can be guided from the communication hole to the center cone and smoothly settled in the particle collection box. In addition, the lifting of fine objects can be suppressed.

In the invention according to claim 2 , the particle collection box side electrode has a cylinder having a large number of holes, a punching metal, or a metal mesh, and is disposed inside the particle collection box, so that an electric field can be obtained over a wide range. Can be applied, and fine particles can be passed through and collected in the particle collection box.

In the invention according to claim 3 , at least one of the cyclone part side electrode or the particle collection box side electrode is movable in the vertical direction, for example, the electrode is moved up and down in accordance with the type of liquid containing fine substances. By changing the strength of the electric field, the charged fines are attracted and the speed is changed, and a predetermined separation processing amount and separation performance can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, although the embodiment of the cyclone type centrifugal separator of the present invention will be described, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. The embodiment of the present invention shows the most preferable mode of the present invention, and the terminology of the present invention is not limited to this.

  The cyclone centrifuge of this embodiment is used for filtering fine materials such as pharmaceutical, chemical, food and beverage ingredients, and for collecting fine materials such as cutting powders for automobiles, machine tools and processing industries. Used for filtration of circulating water and wastewater in factories, water treatment, etc., removal of fines such as impurities such as semiconductors and biotechnology, and removal of fines such as washing water and solvents, etc. Widely used for separating and removing contained fines.

  An example of the cyclone centrifugal device of this embodiment is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cyclone centrifuge. In this embodiment, a case of using for collecting fine objects such as machine tools and cutting powder of processing industry will be described. In this embodiment, although it is used about the case where the fine thing of fine powdery waste contained in a liquid is removed, it should just be a fine thing and is not limited to fine powdery waste.

  The cyclone centrifuge 1 of this embodiment has a cyclone part 2 and a particle collection box 3 in the vertical direction. The cyclone unit 2 is formed of an insulator such as a resin or a conductive metal such as SUS. The cyclone unit 2 has a liquid outflow passage 4 in the shaft core at the upper portion of the cyclone unit 2, and liquid at a position displaced from the shaft core. An introduction passage 5 is provided.

  The cyclone part 2 has a taper part 2 a 1, and the taper part 2 a 1 communicates with the particle collection box 3 through the communication hole 8. In this cyclone section 2, a liquid containing the fine object 90 is supplied from the liquid introduction passage 5 to generate a vortex at a predetermined flow rate, and the fine object 90 is separated from the liquid outflow passage 4 by moving the fine object outward in a centrifugal state. The fluid is discharged, and the vortex is decelerated to settle the separated fine object 90. The separated fine substance 90 that settles in the cyclone section 2 falls and accumulates in the particle collection box 3 through the communication hole 8.

  On the inner wall of the cyclone portion 2, a cyclone portion side electrode 20 is provided in the tapered portion 2 a 1, and a center cone 30 facing the communication hole 8 is provided in the lower portion of the cyclone portion 2.

  The particle collection box 3 is formed of an insulator such as resin, and a drain valve 9 is connected to the lower discharge hole 3a. The drain valve 9 discharges the fine matter 90 accumulated in the particle collection box 3. The particle collection box 3 is provided with a particle collection box side electrode 21, and the particle collection box side electrode 21 has a cylinder 21 i having a large number of holes 21 i 1. The particle collection box side electrode 21 is movable up and down.

  Thus, the cyclone part side electrode 20 is provided on the cyclone part side, the particle collection box side electrode 21 is provided on the particle collection box side, and voltage is applied to the cyclone part side electrode 20 and the particle collection box side electrode 21. Applying means 22 is connected. The voltage application means 22 applies a voltage having the same polarity as the charge of the fine object 90 to the cyclone-side electrode 20, and a voltage having a polarity different from the charge of the fine object 90 to the particle collection box side electrode 21. Is configured to give.

  Thus, by applying voltages of different polarities to the cyclone portion side electrode 20 and the particle collection box side electrode 21, the charged fine objects 90 are attracted to increase the speed, and the fine objects 90 pass through the communication holes 8. Then, it is guided to the center cone 30 and enters the particle collection box 3. The fine substance 90 that has entered the particle collection box 3 passes through the numerous holes 21i1 of the cylinder 21i of the particle collection box side electrode 21, and the fine substance 90 is allowed to settle quickly and reliably at the bottom of the particle collection box 3. Can do. Moreover, inside the particle collection box 3, the fine object 90 can be prevented from floating and the fine object 90 can be efficiently collected in the particle collection box 3 to obtain a predetermined separation processing amount and separation performance. be able to.

  Moreover, the cyclone part side electrode 20 is provided on the inner wall of the cyclone part 2, and the charged fine object 90 can settle without being attached to the inner wall of the cyclone part 2 by the cyclone part side electrode 20.

  The particle collection box side electrode 21 is movable in the vertical direction. For example, the particle collection box side electrode 21 is moved up and down in accordance with the type of liquid containing the fine object 90 to increase the electric field strength. By changing, the charged fine object 90 is attracted and the speed is changed, and an increased predetermined separation processing amount and separation performance can be obtained.

  An example of the cyclone centrifuge of this embodiment is shown in FIGS. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cyclone-type centrifuge, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the cyclone-type centrifuge, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an electrode on the cyclone section side, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a particle collection box-side electrode. 6 is a diagram showing the sedimentation state of fine objects.

  In this embodiment, the same components as those in FIG. The liquid outflow passage 4 of the cyclone unit 2 is formed by a tube 6 penetrating the upper part of the cyclone unit 2, and the liquid introduction passage 5 is formed by a tube 7 integrally formed on the upper part of the cyclone unit 2.

  A cyclone part side electrode 20 is disposed in the lower part 2 b of the cyclone part 2, and a particle collection box side electrode 21 is disposed in the particle collection box 3. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the cyclone portion side electrode 20 has an opening 20 b in the electrode body 20 a. A center cone 20c is supported on the electrode body 20a by a plurality of support legs 20d. The center cone 20c is formed in a conical shape and faces the opening 20b. There is a gap 20e between the center cone 20c and the opening 20b.

  The cyclone portion side electrode 20 is assembled to the lower portion 2 b of the cyclone portion 2 via the packing 23, and the center cone 20 c of the cyclone portion side electrode 20 is disposed so as to face the communication hole 8. The upper part 3b of the particle collection box 3 is screwed to the lower part 2b of the cyclone part 2, and the space between the lower part 2b and the upper part 3b is sealed with a packing 23.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the particle collection box side electrode 21 is formed of a punching metal having a plurality of pores 21b in the electrode body 21a, and a screw 21c is formed on the outer periphery of the electrode body 21a. ing. In this embodiment, the electrode main body 21a is formed of a punching metal, but may be formed of a metal mesh. A screw 3c is formed on the upper inner wall of the particle collection box 3, and the particle collection box side electrode 21 is screwed and assembled to the screw 3c. Thus, the particle collection box side electrode 21 can move in the vertical direction.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, a voltage is applied between the cyclone unit side electrode 20 and the particle collection box side electrode 21 to give an electric field, and the cyclone unit side electrode 20 When the same charge is applied, the cyclone portion electrode 21 has a polarity different from the charge of the fine object 90, and the fine object 90 separated by decelerating the vortex settles in the vicinity of the communication hole 8, the fine object 90 Is attracted to increase the speed, is guided by the center cone 20c through the communication hole 8, and quickly and reliably passes through the gap 20e formed between the center cone 20c and the opening 20b. Can be allowed to settle. In addition, if the fine object 90 may float inside the particle collection box 3, it will hit the center cone 20c and prevent the fine object 90 from floating. In this manner, the fine object 90 can be efficiently collected in the particle collection box 3, and a predetermined separation processing amount and separation performance can be obtained.

  Further, the electrode 21 on the particle collection box side is formed of punching metal, can apply an electric field in a wide range, and the fine object 90 can be collected in the particle collection box 3 because it passes through the pores 21b. .

  In addition, the particle collection box side electrode 21 can move in the vertical direction. For example, the particle collection box side electrode 21 is moved up and down according to the type of liquid containing a fine substance, thereby increasing the strength of the electric field. The rate of sedimentation can be changed according to the type of liquid containing fine substances, and a predetermined separation processing amount and separation performance can be obtained.

  Next, an example of a cyclone centrifuge of another embodiment is shown in FIGS. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a cyclone centrifugal separator, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a cyclone-side electrode. In the cyclone centrifuge 1 of this embodiment, the same components as those of the embodiment of FIGS.

  In the cyclone type centrifugal separator 1 of this embodiment, the cyclone part 2 has two upper and lower tapered parts 2 a 1 and 2 a 2, and the lower tapered part 2 a 2 communicates with the particle collection box 3 through the communication hole 8. is doing. In this embodiment, a screw 3c is formed on the inner wall of the particle collection box 3, and the cyclone portion side electrode 20 and the particle collection box side electrode 21 are screwed and assembled to the screw 3c. The cyclone side electrode 20 and the particle collection box side electrode 21 are movable in the vertical direction.

  The particle collection box side electrode 21 is configured as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the cyclone portion side electrode 20 is provided with a center cone 20c at the center of the electrode body 20a, and a plurality of openings 20b are formed around the center cone 20c. A screw 20f is formed on the outer periphery of the electrode body 20a.

  In this embodiment, the screw 21c of the particle collection box side electrode 21 is screwed into the screw 3c on the inner wall of the particle collection box 3 to a predetermined position, and then the screw 20f of the cyclone unit side electrode 20 is screwed. Then, it is assembled at a predetermined position.

Both of the cyclone part side electrode 20 and the particle collection box side electrode 21 can move in the vertical direction. For example, the cyclone part side electrode 20 and the particle collection box side electrode 21 according to the type of the liquid containing the fine substance 90 or the like. Or by moving at least one of the cyclone side electrode 20 and the particle collection box side electrode 21 up and down to change the strength of the electric field, the speed at which the charged fine objects 90 are attracted changes, A predetermined separation throughput and separation performance can be obtained.
[Example]
The cyclone-type centrifugal separator shown in FIG. 1 was used, and the liquid containing fine substances used a dispersion medium of ion-exchanged water containing silica particles as a sample. The separation efficiency of the silica particles of the sample powder was measured.

  The results are shown in FIG.

  The measurement conditions shown in FIG. 9 are as follows.

Sample powder: Silica particles Dispersion medium: Ion exchange water Dispersion medium temperature T: 33 ° C
Dispersion medium flow rate Q: 420 l / h
pH: 7
The measurement results shown in FIG. 9 show a case where no voltage is applied and a case where 50 v is applied. When 50 v was applied, a smaller particle diameter of the dispersion medium could be separated than when no voltage was applied, and the separation efficiency was improved.

  Using the cyclone centrifuge shown in FIG. 10, the vertical velocity of the particles was measured at the point B position with a laser velocimeter, with and without applying an electric field in the particle collection box. When the electric field of FIG. 11 was applied, the average flow velocity was 0.588 m / s, but when the electric field of FIG. 12 was not applied, the average flow velocity was 0.584 m / s. When the electric field was applied, the downward particle velocity increased more than without the electric field, and the experimental result was obtained that the negatively charged fine particles moved faster downward under the influence of the electric field.

  This cyclone centrifuge is used for filtering fine materials such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, foods, and beverages, and for collecting fines such as cutting powder from automobiles, machine tools, and processing industries. Used for filtration of circulating water, wastewater, etc., for removal of fine substances such as semiconductors, bio, and other impurities, and for removal of fine substances such as washing water and solvents, etc. Is widely used for the separation and removal.

It is a schematic block diagram of a cyclone centrifuge. It is sectional drawing of a cyclone type centrifuge. It is a top view of a cyclone centrifuge. It is a perspective view of a cyclone part side electrode. It is a perspective view of a particle collection box side electrode. It is a figure which shows the sedimentation state of a fine thing. It is sectional drawing of the cyclone type centrifuge of other embodiment. It is a perspective view of the electrode of the cyclone part side of other embodiment. It is a figure which shows the influence which the electric potential to apply has on the separation performance. It is an experiment figure of particle measurement of a cyclone type centrifuge. It is a figure which shows the particle | grain measurement at the time of applying an electric field. It is a figure which shows the particle | grain measurement when not applying an electric field.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cyclone-type centrifuge 2 Cyclone part 4 Liquid outflow path 5 Liquid introduction path 20 Cyclone part side electrode 21 Particle collection box side electrode

Claims (3)

A liquid containing fine objects is supplied to generate vortices at a predetermined flow rate, the fine objects are moved to the outside in a centrifugal state to discharge the fluid from which the fine objects have been separated, and the separated fine objects are decelerated by decelerating the vortex. A cyclone section to be sedimented;
A particle collection box for precipitating fines settled in the cyclone part through the communication hole,
Provide a cyclone part side electrode to give the same charge as the charge of the fine substance on the cyclone part side,
The cyclone part side electrode is provided at a lower part of the cyclone part, and has a center cone facing the communication hole,
Provide a particle collection box side electrode of a polarity different from the charge of the fine matter on the particle collection box side,
A cyclone centrifugal apparatus, wherein voltages having different polarities are applied to the cyclone portion side electrode and the particle collection box side electrode.   2. The cyclone type according to claim 1, wherein the particle collection box side electrode includes a cylinder having a large number of holes, a punching metal, or a metal mesh, and is disposed inside the particle collection box. Centrifugal device. The cyclone centrifugal device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the cyclone portion side electrode and the particle collection box side electrode is movable in the vertical direction.

Images