JP4075781B2 - Tunable filter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wavelength tunable filter, and more particularly to a wavelength tunable filter that selectively and variably extracts an optical signal having a desired wavelength from wavelength-multiplexed optical signals.

  In wavelength division multiplex communication, a wavelength tunable filter that selectively selects only light of a desired wavelength from among light pulses of a large number of wavelengths is required. Conventionally, various wavelength tunable filters such as a liquid crystal etalon type tunable filter have been studied. Here, the tunable filter of the liquid crystal etalon type has a configuration in which nematic liquid crystal is filled in a known etalon cavity, and by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal, the substantial refractive index of the liquid crystal is changed to change the optical path of the etalon. The optical gap which is long is changed (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).

  However, due to the polarization dependence of nematic liquid crystals, the use of liquid crystal etalon type tunable filters has been limited. Further, the response speed when a voltage is applied to the nematic liquid crystal is about several tens of ms, and it is more preferable that the speed is higher for instantaneously switching and selecting light of a desired wavelength.

  As a measure for improving the polarization dependence of the liquid crystal etalon type tunable filter, for example, it has been proposed that the liquid crystal etalon type tunable filter has a liquid crystal molecule with a helical axis perpendicular to the glass substrate. Yes. However, if the spiral axis of the liquid crystal molecules is perpendicular to the glass substrate, the liquid crystal drive when a voltage is applied changes the focal axis to a focal conic state parallel to the substrate, resulting in a scatterer. Cannot select light of wavelength. The response speed of the liquid crystal is about several tens of ms as in the case of the conventional nematic liquid crystal, and cannot be expected to be less than 1 ms (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  In addition, using optical components such as a polarizing beam splitter and a mirror, the incident light is separated into two linearly polarized light, and after passing through a liquid crystal etalon-type wavelength tunable filter filled with nematic liquid crystal, both separated polarization components are recombined. Has been proposed. However, additional optical components such as a polarizing beam splitter and a mirror are required, and it is difficult to reduce the size, and liquid crystal with a narrow transmission bandwidth due to the in-plane variation in the optical gap of the liquid crystal etalon type tunable filter. It is technically difficult to construct an etalon type wavelength tunable filter (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

In addition, the blue phase of a cholesteric liquid crystal having an isotropic refractive index containing a chiral material (hereinafter referred to as a blue phase liquid crystal) has a very narrow temperature range of several degrees Celsius. And the polymer is polymerized by irradiating ultraviolet rays in the temperature range of the blue phase liquid crystal to form a polymer network, and the temperature range of the blue phase liquid crystal is expanded from about 1 ° C. to over 60 ° C. A stabilized blue phase liquid crystal is obtained, and a high-speed response of 1 msec or less has been confirmed (for example, Non-Patent Document 2).
JP-A-5-45618 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-148692 Photonic Technology Letters, Vol. 3, No. 12, 1091, 1991 (Photonic Technology Letters, Vol. 3, No. 12, P. 1091 (1991)) Nature, Matter, Volume 1, page 64, September 2002 (Nature Materials, Vol. 1, P.64 (September 2002))

  However, in such a conventional liquid crystal etalon type wavelength tunable filter, as described above, because of the polarization dependence of nematic liquid crystal, it is possible to realize a wavelength tunable filter having no polarization dependence. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to realize downsizing.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and provides a wavelength-variable filter having no polarization dependency that can select light having a desired wavelength without using an additional optical component other than the filter. To do.

In view of the above points, the invention according to claim 1 is disposed in a substantially parallel configuration, and is disposed in an optical resonator formed by a pair of reflection mirrors that form an optical resonator, and the pair of reflection mirrors, comprising a liquid crystal layer isotropic refractive index is made of isotropic refractive index liquid crystal changes, and the isotropic refractive index liquid crystal is formed as a complex consisting of a cholesteric liquid crystal and the polymer material, the high A polymer-stabilized cholesteric blue phase liquid crystal in which an expression temperature range of a cholesteric blue phase is expanded by containing a molecular substance, and the pair of reflecting mirrors is a dielectric in which Si layers and SiO ₂ layers are alternately stacked Consists of a multilayer film, the Si layer is doped with impurities, imparts conductivity, functions as a transparent electrode, and has a configuration in which the refractive index changes according to the voltage applied through the transparent electrode ing.

With this configuration, a liquid crystal layer made of an isotropic refractive index liquid crystal is disposed in the optical resonator, and the refractive index can be changed by applying a voltage. It is possible to realize a wavelength tunable filter having no polarization dependency that can select light having a wavelength of. Further, since the isotropic refractive index liquid crystal is a cholesteric blue phase liquid crystal, it is possible to realize a wavelength tunable filter having a polarization dependency that can respond faster than a liquid crystal using a conventional nematic liquid crystal. In addition, since the polymer-stabilized cholesteric blue phase liquid crystal is used as the cholesteric blue phase liquid crystal, it is possible to realize a wavelength tunable filter having no polarization dependency capable of stable operation independent of incident polarization in a wide temperature range. Furthermore, the dielectric multilayer film has the functions of both a reflecting mirror and a transparent electrode, and has an effect that the structure can be simplified.

  The present invention uses an additional optical component other than a filter by disposing a liquid crystal layer made of isotropic refractive index liquid crystal in an optical resonator so that the refractive index can be changed by applying a voltage. Therefore, it is possible to provide a wavelength tunable filter having no polarization dependency that can select light having a desired wavelength.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conceptual side sectional structure of a wavelength tunable filter according to the present invention. The wavelength tunable filter 10 of the present invention is a so-called liquid crystal etalon type wavelength tunable filter, and is a layer of a liquid crystal layer 1 and a transparent solid optical medium in an optical resonator between a pair of reflecting mirrors 3A and 3B. 8 (hereinafter referred to as a solid optical medium layer).

  The reflection mirrors 3A and 3B are provided on the opposing surfaces of a pair of opposing substrates 6A and 6B. A transparent electrode 2A is provided between the liquid crystal layer 1 and the reflection mirror 3A. The liquid crystal layer 1 and the solid optical medium layer The transparent electrode 2B is provided between the liquid crystal layer 1 and the transparent electrode 2B. Here, the liquid crystal layer 1 is composed of isotropic refractive index liquid crystal, and the pair of transparent electrodes 2 </ b> A and 2 </ b> B are provided to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 1. With this configuration, it is possible to realize a liquid crystal etalon type wavelength tunable filter having no polarization dependency.

  Here, antireflection films 7A and 7B are formed on the surfaces of the substrates 6A and 6B opposite to the surfaces on which the reflection mirrors 3A and 3B are provided for the purpose of suppressing reflection of incident light and transmitted light as necessary. You may do it. In addition, in order to sandwich the component composed of the liquid crystal layer 1 and the transparent electrodes 2A and 2B between the reflecting mirror 3A and the solid optical medium layer 8, an adhesive 4A, between the reflecting mirror 3A and the solid optical medium layer 8 is provided. 4B is sandwiched together with spacers 5A and 5B to hold a constituent part composed of the liquid crystal layer 1 and the transparent electrodes 2A and 2B.

As the transparent electrodes 2A and 2B, an oxide film such as ITO in which SnO ₂ is added to In ₂ O ₃ or a metal film such as Au or Al can be used. In addition, the ITO film is preferable because it has better light transmission and better mechanical durability than the metal film.

  The reflecting mirrors 3A and 3B have a reflectance of 80% or more with respect to incident light in a used wavelength band such as a wavelength of 1470 to 1630 nm, and have a non-zero transmittance so that a part of the light is transmitted. It is. As the reflecting mirrors 3A and 3B, for example, a metal thin film, a dielectric multilayer film in which a high refractive index dielectric film and a low refractive index dielectric film are alternately laminated to an optical film thickness of the order of wavelength can be used. In particular, the dielectric multilayer film is preferable for use as a reflection mirror because the spectral reflectance can be controlled by the film structure and light absorption is small.

For example, Ta ₂ O ₅ , TiO ₂ , Nb ₂ O ₅ , Si, or the like may be used as the high refractive index dielectric constituting this dielectric multilayer film. Further, as the low refractive index dielectric multilayer film, for example, SiO ₂ , MgF ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ or the like may be used. For example, when a dielectric multilayer film in which Si and SiO ₂ are alternately laminated is used as the reflection mirror, it can also function as a transparent electrode by doping impurities to impart conductivity to the Si film layer. . Further, by using a metal such as Au or Ag in a thin film, the light absorption is large, but both functions of the reflection mirror and the electrode can be provided. In this case, the transparent electrodes 2A and 2B need not be formed.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the solid optical medium layer 8 is provided between the reflection mirror 3B and the liquid crystal layer 1, but this may or may not be provided. Between the reflection mirror 3A and the reflection mirror 3A and either of the liquid crystal layer 1 or both sides, and by providing the solid optical medium layer 8 between the reflection mirror 3B and the liquid crystal layer 1, the following It becomes possible. With this configuration, the half-value width of the transmitted light peak of the wavelength tunable filter can be narrowed, and the wavelength interval of the transmitted light peak can be adjusted. Here, as the solid optical medium layer 8, for example, a glass substrate, a plastic substrate such as acrylic or polycarbonate, an inorganic material substrate made of an inorganic crystal such as Si or LiNbO ₃ can be used. A glass substrate is preferable because of excellent durability, and a quartz glass substrate is more preferable because it has low thermal expansion and light absorption and high transmittance.

Furthermore, the liquid crystal layer 1 may be any material as long as the refractive index with respect to incident light changes isotropically according to the magnitude of the applied voltage. Further, it is preferable to use a blue phase liquid crystal because polarization dependency can be removed and a high-speed response of 1 msec or less can be realized. From the viewpoint of ease of temperature adjustment for developing the blue phase, it is preferable that the blue phase develop within a predetermined temperature range of about 35 ° C. to 65 ° C. For temperature control for obtaining a blue phase, for example, a temperature control heater may be formed in the wavelength tunable filter 10 with an ITO film or the like. Further, it is more preferable to use a polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal because the temperature range of the blue phase is expanded and the temperature adjustment for keeping the liquid crystal layer 1 in the blue phase becomes unnecessary. Omitted example in Non-Patent Document 2 have been described for the material and create made methods used in the polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal.

  In addition, a horizontal alignment film, a vertical alignment film, or the like can be used as a film for aligning liquid crystal molecules on the surfaces of the substrates 100 and 120 that sandwich the liquid crystal layer 1, but the alignment film is not necessarily used. In the manufacturing process, it is preferable not to use an alignment film because the number of steps is small and work efficiency is good.

  As an embodiment of the present invention, a liquid crystal etalon type tunable filter 10 having a cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 1 will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram conceptually showing a side sectional structure of a liquid crystal etalon type tunable filter 10 of the present embodiment.

Antireflection films 7A and 7B are formed in advance on the back surfaces of substrates (quartz glass) 6A and 6B, and a dielectric having a reflectivity of 95% and a transmittance of approximately 5% with light having a wavelength of 1500 nm to 1600 nm is formed thereon. The multilayer substrate film is formed as the reflection mirrors 3A and 3B, and the coated substrates 100 and 110 are manufactured. Next, quartz glass having a thickness of 40 μm is adhered as the solid optical medium layer 8 to the reflecting mirror 3B surface of the coated substrate 110 using an adhesive (not shown) having a refractive index substantially equal to that of the quartz glass. the substrate 120 to create made.

  Next, transparent electrodes 2A and 2B of ITO film having a film thickness of 7 nm are formed on the reflective mirror 3A surface of the coated substrate 100 and the solid optical medium layer 8 surface of the substrate 120 with medium layer. Next, on the solid optical medium layer 8 of the substrate 120 with the medium layer, a seal pattern layer is formed by using a spacer 5A, 5B for a liquid crystal display with a diameter of 10 μm wrapped with adhesives 4A, 4B as a sealant. The substrate with medium layer 120 is bonded to the coated substrate 100 provided with the ITO transparent electrode 2A through the pattern layer.

  Thereafter, a mixture of the chiral material, the monomer, the polymerization initiator, and the nematic liquid crystal is filled between the transparent electrode 2A and the transparent electrode 2B of the ITO film. Similarly to the material and the manufacturing method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2, in a state where the temperature of the liquid crystal is adjusted to a blue phase, the cell into which the liquid crystal is injected is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and the monomer is polymerized to form a blue phase. A liquid crystal layer 1 of polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystal having a temperature range from room temperature to about 50 ° C. is formed.

  Results of measurement using an experimental element obtained by removing the reflection mirrors 3A and 3B from the liquid crystal etalon-type wavelength tunable filter 10 and filled with a polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal in a cell having a transparent electrode interval of 10 μm. By applying an applied voltage V of 1 kHz rectangular wave, the refractive index n (V) of the polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal is about 0 from n (0V) = 1.54 to n (150V) = 1.49. .05 isotropically changed, and the response speed of the refractive index change was 1 msec or less.

  Accordingly, the wavelength tunable filter 10 of the liquid crystal etalon type of the present embodiment is a wavelength tunable filter whose adjacent transmission peak wavelength interval is about 16 nm and whose transmission peak wavelength changes by about 10 nm at maximum according to the application of the rectangular wave voltage by the power source 9. Yes, there was no polarization dependence, and a response speed of 1 msec or less was obtained.

  As described above, the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention has the liquid crystal layer made of isotropic refractive index liquid crystal disposed in the optical resonator, and the refractive index can be changed by applying a voltage. It is possible to realize a wavelength tunable filter having no polarization dependency that can select light having a desired wavelength without using an additional optical component other than the filter.

  In addition, since the isotropic refractive index liquid crystal is a cholesteric blue phase liquid crystal, the response speed can be improved as compared with a wavelength tunable filter using a conventional nematic liquid crystal.

  Further, since the polymer-stabilized cholesteric blue phase liquid crystal is used as the cholesteric blue phase liquid crystal, a stable operation independent of incident polarized light can be realized in a wide temperature range.

  The wavelength tunable filter according to the present invention has an effect that it is possible to select light having a desired wavelength without polarization dependency without using an additional optical component other than the filter. Applicable.

The side view which shows notionally the structural example of the liquid crystal etalon type | mold wavelength tunable filter of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Liquid crystal layer 2A, 2B Transparent electrode 3A, 3B Reflective mirror 4A, 4B Adhesive 5A, 5B Spacer 6A, 6B Substrate 7A, 7B Antireflection film 8 Solid optical medium layer 9 Power supply 10 Wavelength variable filter 100, 110 Coated substrate 120 Medium Layered substrate

Claims (1)

A pair of reflecting mirrors arranged substantially in parallel and forming an optical resonator;
Wherein arranged in the optical resonator formed by a pair reflection mirror includes a liquid crystal layer isotropic refractive index is made of isotropic refractive index liquid crystal changes, and
The isotropic refractive index liquid crystal is formed as a complex composed of a cholesteric liquid crystal and a polymer material, and a polymer-stabilized cholesteric blue in which the expression temperature range of the cholesteric blue phase is expanded by containing the polymer material. Phase liquid crystal,
The pair of reflection mirrors is composed of a dielectric multilayer film in which Si layers and SiO ₂ layers are alternately stacked,
The Si layer is doped with impurities to impart conductivity and functions as a transparent electrode,
A variable length filter whose refractive index changes according to a voltage applied through the transparent electrode.

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