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JP4065659B2 - Method for recovering active ingredients from polyethylene terephthalate waste - Google Patents

Method for recovering active ingredients from polyethylene terephthalate waste Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4065659B2
JP4065659B2 JP2000364633A JP2000364633A JP4065659B2 JP 4065659 B2 JP4065659 B2 JP 4065659B2 JP 2000364633 A JP2000364633 A JP 2000364633A JP 2000364633 A JP2000364633 A JP 2000364633A JP 4065659 B2 JP4065659 B2 JP 4065659B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
polyethylene terephthalate
waste
reaction
crude
ethylene glycol
Prior art date
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JP2000364633A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002167357A (en
Inventor
正教 宮本
実 中島
和広 佐藤
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Teijin Frontier Co Ltd
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Teijin Fibers Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Teijin Fibers Ltd filed Critical Teijin Fibers Ltd
Priority to JP2000364633A priority Critical patent/JP4065659B2/en
Priority to TW90128842A priority patent/TW528773B/en
Priority to AU2408202A priority patent/AU2408202A/en
Priority to EP01997193.6A priority patent/EP1344765B1/en
Priority to AU2002224082A priority patent/AU2002224082B2/en
Priority to US10/432,822 priority patent/US7078440B2/en
Priority to KR1020037006969A priority patent/KR100746678B1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2001/010241 priority patent/WO2002042253A1/en
Priority to MXPA03004661A priority patent/MXPA03004661A/en
Priority to CNB018212786A priority patent/CN1234676C/en
Publication of JP2002167357A publication Critical patent/JP2002167357A/en
Priority to HK04104846A priority patent/HK1061840A1/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物から有効成分を回収する方法に関し、さらに詳しくは、廃棄されたポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム屑、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維屑の混合物に判別装置による判別、粉砕、造粒固形化等の前処理を施した後に化学的な処理を加え、有効成分としてのビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)テレフタレート、あるいはテレフタル酸成分とエチレングリコールとを簡便かつ効率的に回収する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ポリエステル、例えばポリエチレンテレフタレートはその優れた特性により繊維、フィルム、樹脂等として広く用いられているが、これらの製造工程において発生する繊維状、フィルム状、樹脂状等のポリエステル屑の有効利用はコストの面からのみならず環境問題も含め大きな問題となっており、その処理方法としてマテリアルリサイクル、サーマルリサイクル、ケミカルリサイクルによる各種の提案が成されている。
【0003】
このうちマテリアルリサイクルではペットボトル等のポリエステル樹脂屑に関しては、自治体を中心に回収され積極的な再利用が実施されているが、フィルム屑、繊維屑に関しては該リサイクル方法を採ることが極めて困難でありその実施例は皆無である。
【0004】
また、ポリエステル廃棄物を燃料に転化するサーマルリサイクルは、ポリエステル廃棄物の燃焼熱の再利用という利点は有するが、発熱量が比較的低く多量のポリエステル廃棄物を燃焼させることに他ならないためポリエステル原料損失という問題点があり、省資源の面から好ましくない。
【0005】
これに対してケミカルリサイクルではポリエステル廃棄物を原料モノマーに再生するため、再生に伴う品質の低下が少なくクローズドループのリサイクルとして適している。該ケミカルリサイクルにおいてはボトル等の樹脂屑を対象としたものが大部分である。ポリエステル繊維屑の再生利用法としては、例えば特開昭48−61447号公報にはポリエチレンテレフタレート屑を過剰のエチレングリコール(以下、EGと略記することがある)により解重合した後、得られたビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)テレフタレート(以下、BHETと略記することがある)を直接重縮合して再生ポリエステルを得る方法等が提案されているが、この方法は解重合工程においてポリエステル屑とEGを解重合反応系に一括投入して解重合しているため、投入したポリエステル屑が反応機内部で固化し、攪拌ができなくなる。
【0006】
そのため、解重合系が不均一となり解重合時間が長くなること、また使用するEGの量が多いため経済的に不利になるばかりでなく反応物にはジエチレングリコール等の不純物が副生し、その結果得られるポリエステルの物理的性質、特に軟化点を著しく低下させ、品位の低いポリエステルしか得られない等の欠点があった。このような従来の技術においてはポリエステル繊維屑とフィルム屑の混合物を効率的に処理する技術は完成されていない。
【0007】
また、ポリエステル製造工程外の繊維屑、フィルム屑を回収対象とした場合、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ナイロン、綿等のポリエステルとは異なる材質の混入が避けられない場合がある。さらに材質がポリエステルであっても染料を含むものについては解重合等の一連の反応中に分解して、回収モノマーに分散し品質を著しく悪化させる。これら不純物混入時の回収モノマーの品質にまで言及した例はこれまで皆無である。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、従来技術が有していた問題点を解決し、前処理工程において、後の反応工程でのハンドリング性を向上させ、反応工程では不純物を除去する設備を備えることで不純物を含むポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物から高純度の回収モノマーを得ることができる効率的かつ経済的な有効成分回収方法を確立することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは鋭意検討を行った結果、前処理工程においては、適当な判別装置により有効成分のポリエチレンテレフタレート以外の廃棄物を排除した後に、反応を効率よく進行させるために判別試験を通過した繊維屑を適当な大きさに粉砕、次いで造粒・固形化し、前処理工程の後に不純物が分解しない反応条件を備えた反応工程を組み込むことで、高純度の回収モノマーを効率よく得る有効成分の回収方法を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明の目的は、
ポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物がポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維屑とポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム廃棄物との混合物であるものであって、該廃棄物を判別装置によって分析してポリエチレンテレフタレートとは異なるものと判定されたものについては該廃棄物を排除して次工程へ輸送せず、ポリエチレンテレフタレートと判定されたものについては該廃棄物を粉砕機に投入して該廃棄物をまず30〜150mmに粉砕した後、該粉砕物をさらに2〜50mmに粉砕し、該粉砕物を造粒機により径2〜20mm、長さ2〜60mmの円筒状固形物に固形化して嵩密度を0.2〜1.0g/cm3とした後に、該固形物を空気輸送により反応工程の反応機へと輸送する前処理工程と以下の(a)〜(f)の反応工程とを組み合わせることによりポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物から高純度の有効成分を回収する方法により達成される。
(a)前記前処理工程で得られた粗製ポリエチレンテレフタレートを解重合触媒を含むエチレングリコール中に投入して120〜190℃の温度で解重合を行い、ビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)テレフタレート(BHET)を得る解重合反応工程;
(b)前記解重合反応工程の反応中又は反応後にポリエチレンテレフタレート以外のポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニルの異プラスチック類を除去する異物除去工程;
(c)前記解重合反応後に未溶解の成分を濾過選別する濾過選別工程;
(d)前記濾過選別工程を経た粗製BHETと粗製エチレングリコール混合液に蒸留・蒸発操作を施してエチレングリコールを蒸留・蒸発させて濃縮BHETを得るBHET濃縮工程;
(e)前記BHET濃縮工程を経たBHETとエチレングリコールの混合液中にエステル交換触媒とメタノールとを添加・投入してエステル交換を行うエステル交換反応工程;
(f)前記エステル交換反応工程で得られた粗製テレフタル酸ジメチル粗製メタノール及び粗製エチレングリコールの混合物から精製テレフタル酸ジメチル及び精製エチレングリコールとを分離回収する精製工程;
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の有効成分回収方法においてはポリエチレンテレフタレートと異種の材質、例えばナイロン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、綿等は有効成分と成り得ないため、これらが多量に混入した廃棄物は受け入れの段階で排除する。即ち、近赤外分光計等の判別装置により該廃棄物を分析し、これがポリエチレンテレフタレートと異なる吸収パターンを示す場合においては、次工程へ輸送せずその段階で排除する。次工程へと輸送するのは、この近赤外分析による検査を通過した廃棄物のみを対象とする。
【0012】
近赤外分析による検査を通過した廃棄物は、前処理工程後の反応工程におけるハンドリング性の面、あるいは前処理工程後の空気輸送性の面から造粒・固形化することが望ましい。しかし連続した構造を有する糸屑、フィルム屑などを直接造粒機に投入することは極めて困難であり、まず該廃棄物を適当な大きさに粉砕することが必要である。該粉砕物の大きさは2〜50mmが好ましい。該粉砕径が大きいと、次の造粒工程において、固形化が不充分となる弊害が発生する。また粉砕の実施の形態としては、粉砕機を2段式とするのが粉砕処理能力を向上させる上で好ましい。即ち第1次粉砕機によって該ポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物を30〜150mmに粗粉砕し、次いで第2次粉砕機で2〜50mmに粉砕する。第1次粉砕機において直接2〜50mmに該粉砕物の大きさを規定した場合、粉砕機にかかる負荷が過剰なものとなり、かえって非効率的となる。
【0013】
次いで該粉砕物を造粒機に投入して、該粉砕物を円筒状固形物に固形化する。径の大きさは好ましくは2〜20mm、より好ましくは4〜6mmである。長さは2〜60mmとすることが好ましい。造粒方法は大きさを規定した孔に該粉砕物を押し込み、その際に生じるポリエチレンテレフタレート表面の摩擦熱によって表面の一部を溶融してこれをバインダーとして固形化する方式であるが、径が大きいと摩擦熱が微小となる影響で固形化物の表面が充分に固化しない。このように固形化が不充分であると、その後の空気輸送工程において該固形物が配管との衝突で崩壊し、輸送先の貯槽においてブリッジを組みやすい構造となり、貯槽からの排出が極めて困難となる。
【0014】
また、該造粒方法においてはポリエチレンテレフタレートのガラス転移点以上、融点以下の温度において操作することが必要である。即ち、造粒方法としては該廃棄物をポリエチレンテレフタレートの融点以上に加熱して完全に溶融させた後に冷却して固形化する方法もあるが、該造粒方法ではナイロン等の不純物が分解して回収モノマーの品質を悪化させてしまう。また、該造粒方法において固形物内部まで完全に固化してしまうと反応工程において溶剤と造粒固形物の接触効率の悪化に伴い反応速度が大きく低下するという弊害も発生する。そこで本発明では、ポリエチレンテレフタレートのガラス転移点以上、融点以下の操作温度で該廃棄物表面の一部のみを溶融させて固形化する造粒方法を採用した。該造粒方法により不純物の分解、反応速度の低下を抑制しつつハンドリング性を向上させることが可能となった。
【0015】
さらに造粒・固形化を施さない場合には該粉砕物の嵩密度は約0.10g/cm3であり、この場合後の反応工程で反応機に投入する際に非常に嵩張ると共に、溶媒のエチレングリコールを該粉砕物が吸湿して反応槽における攪拌が非常に困難となる。反応を円滑に進める上では造粒・固形化に伴い嵩比重が増大するが最終的な嵩密度は0.10〜1.0g/cm3、好ましくは0.40g/cm3以上まで増大させて、ハンドリング性を向上させることが必要である。以上の観点から粉砕後の造粒・固形化は本発明において非常に重要な役割を占める。
【0016】
造粒・固形化を行った後の該固形物は空気輸送により反応工程へと輸送される。また、一連の前処理工程は該ポリエチレンテレフタレート屑を粉砕機へと投入することも含めて省人化が図れ、自動で行うことが可能である。尚、本発明の方法では、ポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物として樹脂屑が混入していても何の支障も持たない。以下、反応工程の各工程について説明する。
【0017】
工程(a)においては、前処理工程を通過したポリエチレンテレフタレート固形物を公知の解重合触媒、公知の触媒濃度で120〜190℃の温度下、過剰のエチレングリコール中で解重合反応させる。ここで、該エチレングリコールの温度が120℃未満であると、解重合時間が非常に長くなり効率的ではなくなる。一方、200℃を越えると該廃棄物に含まれる油剤等の熱分解が顕著になり、分解して発生した窒素化合物等が回収モノマーに分散して後の精製工程では分離困難となる。該温度は好ましくは、140〜190℃である。既存のケミカルリサイクル技術では高温での操作を必要とするため、油剤の混入への対応が困難であった。
【0018】
また、本発明において扱うポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物が染料によって着色されている場合、反応工程において該染料が分解して低分子量化し回収モノマー中に分散して品質を著しく低下させることがある。そこで、該着色廃棄物を扱う場合には工程(a)の前に染料を抜染する工程を組み込むことが効果的である。該工程では染料を含む造粒固形物を水、アルキレングリコール、ジメチルホルムアミド、パラキシレン、2−ヘプタノン等の溶剤中に投入し、場合によっては加圧しつつ100〜190℃で加熱して染料を抽出する。抜染方法としてはバッチ式でも良いし、向流多段抽出法等の連続式抽出法を採用しても良い。染料抽出後の固形化物はアルキレングリコールにより洗浄した後に、染料を含まない廃棄物と同様に工程(b)へと輸送する。
【0019】
さらに受入れの段階で排除され得なかったナイロンが混入した場合には、反応工程においてナイロンが分解し、回収モノマー中にε−カプロラクタム等の窒素化合物として混入して分離が困難となる。そこでナイロンを含む固形化物はナイロンを溶解・除去する工程を工程(a)の前に組み込むことが効果的である。該工程ではアルキレングリコール等の溶剤中にナイロンを含む固形化物を投入し、100〜190に加熱してナイロンを溶解・除去する。尚、この工程は前記の抜染工程において行っても良い。
【0020】
工程(b)では前処理工程の判別試験で排除することができなかったポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリエチレンテレフタレートとは異プラスチックを解重合反応層で浮遊分離する。該異プラスチックは解重合反応の溶媒であるエチレングリコールよりも比重が小さく、液面上に浮上してくるのでこれらを異プラスチックの共融混合浮遊物塊として層分離させた後、該共融混合浮遊物層を解重合から抜出し除去する。
【0021】
工程(c)では解重合反応後に、前処理工程の判別試験で排除することができなかった綿等の異材質を濾過選別する。工程(c)で除去する異材質の対象はエチレングリコールよりも比重が大きく、工程(b)の除去方法では分離できない成分である。工程(c)を通過した時点でポリエチレンテレフタレートはビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)テレフタレート(以下、BHETと略記することがある)に転化し、反応液はBHETとエチレングリコールの混合液となっている。
【0022】
工程(d)においては、工程(e)のエステル交換反応を効率的に進行させるために工程(c)を通過したBHETとエチレングリコールの混合物から、エチレングリコールとポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物との重量比率が原料仕込比基準で0.5〜2.0倍になるまでエチレングリコールを留去する。この際に留去したエチレングリコールは再度工程(a)にリサイクルする。
【0023】
工程(e)においては工程(d)でエチレングリコールを留去したBHETとエチレングリコールの混合物を、公知のエステル交換触媒、公知の濃度の存在下でメタノールとエステル交換反応反応させ、遠心分離等の固液分離手段により固液分離する。
【0024】
工程(f)においては工程(e)で得られた粗製テレフタル酸ジメチル、粗製エチレングリコールを蒸留等の精製方法により精製し、高純度の精製テレフタル酸ジメチル、精製エチレングリコールを得る。この際に反応工程をも通り抜けた不純物は塔底に捕捉されるため、回収モノマーには不純物は含まれず高純度のものが得られる。
【0025】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明の内容を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれにより何ら限定を受けるものではない。尚、近赤外分析計にはオプト技研社製の分光光度計(商品名;プラスキャン)を使用した。
【0026】
[実施例1]
ポリエチレンテレフタレート製造工程から発生した染料を含まないポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維屑とポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム屑の混合廃棄物100kgついて近赤外分析計により吸収スペクトルを測定したところポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂と吸収パターンが一致した。該廃棄物全量を第1次粉砕機に投入し、粉砕機のスクリーン径を75mmに設定して1次粉砕を行い、次いで該粉砕物を第2次粉砕機に投入して粉砕機のスクリーン径を20mmに設定して2次粉砕を行った。その後、該粉砕物を径4mm、長さ45mm、造粒機内部温度170℃の条件で運転する造粒機に投入し、固形化した後に空気輸送により反応工程へと輸送した。尚、反応工程へと輸送された該固形化物の嵩密度は0.40g/cm3であった。
【0027】
反応工程では該固形化物100kgを予め185℃まで加熱しておいたエチレングリコール(以下、EGと略記することがある)400kg、炭酸ナトリウム3kgの混合物に仕込み、常圧で4h反応させた。
【0028】
反応終了後、BHETとEGの混合液を蒸留塔に送液し、塔底温度140〜150℃、圧力13.3kPaの条件でEGを300kg留去した。次いでEGを留去後のBHETとEGの混合物200kgに炭酸ナトリウム3kg、メタノール200kgを添加して、常圧、75〜80℃で1h反応させた。
【0029】
反応終了後該反応液を40℃まで冷却し、遠心分離により粗テレフタル酸ジメチルを主成分とするケークとメタノール、粗EGを主成分とする濾液とに固液分離した。次いで粗テレフタル酸ジメチルを圧力6.7kPa、塔底温度180〜200℃、粗EGを圧力13.3kPa、塔底温度140〜150℃の条件でそれぞれ蒸留により精製して、最終的にテレフタル酸ジメチル、エチレングリコールを収率85%で得た。
【0030】
回収したテレフタル酸ジメチルは外観、酸価、溶融比色、硫酸灰分の検査項目において市販品のものと遜色なく、また回収したエチレングリコールはジエチレングリコール濃度、水分、溶融比色の検査項目において市販品と遜色なく、いずれも高純度の回収モノマーが得られた。
【0031】
[比較例1]
実施例1において、第1次粉砕機のスクリーン径を75mmに設定して1次粉砕を行い、2次粉砕を行わずに造粒機にかけたところ、固形化が不充分で、次工程の空気輸送後の貯槽においてブリッジを組んで排出されず、ラインが停止する異常が発生した。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
不純物を含むポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物から有効成分を回収するに際し、前処理工程において、後の反応工程でのハンドリング性を向上させ、反応工程では不純物を除去する設備を備えることで、不純物を含むポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物から高純度の回収モノマーを得ることができる効率的かつ経済的な有効成分の回収方法を提供することが可能となる。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for recovering an active ingredient from polyethylene terephthalate waste, and more particularly, prior to discrimination, pulverization, granulation solidification, and the like of a mixture of discarded polyethylene terephthalate film waste and polyethylene terephthalate fiber waste. The present invention relates to a method for recovering bis (β-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate as an active ingredient, or a terephthalic acid component and ethylene glycol simply and efficiently by applying a chemical treatment after the treatment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate, is widely used as a fiber, film, resin, etc. due to its excellent properties, but effective utilization of polyester waste such as fiber, film, resin, etc. generated in these manufacturing processes is costly. It has become a major problem including environmental problems as well as from the surface, and various proposals have been made by material recycling, thermal recycling, and chemical recycling as treatment methods.
[0003]
Among them, polyester resin waste such as PET bottles is collected and actively reused mainly by local governments in material recycling, but it is extremely difficult to adopt this recycling method for film waste and fiber waste. There are no examples.
[0004]
Thermal recycling, which converts polyester waste into fuel, has the advantage of reusing the heat of combustion of polyester waste, but it has a relatively low calorific value, and is nothing but burning a large amount of polyester waste. There is a problem of loss, which is not preferable in terms of resource saving.
[0005]
On the other hand, in chemical recycling, polyester waste is regenerated as a raw material monomer, so that there is little deterioration in quality due to regeneration, and it is suitable for closed loop recycling. Most of the chemical recycling targets resin waste such as bottles. As a method of recycling polyester fiber waste, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 48-61447, polyethylene terephthalate waste is depolymerized with excess ethylene glycol (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as EG), and then obtained bis A method has been proposed in which (β-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as BHET) is directly polycondensed to obtain a regenerated polyester. In this method, polyester debris and EG are removed in the depolymerization step. Since depolymerization is performed by batch charging into the polymerization reaction system, the charged polyester waste is solidified inside the reactor and cannot be stirred.
[0006]
Therefore, the depolymerization system becomes non-uniform and the depolymerization time becomes long, and the amount of EG used is not only economically disadvantageous, but also impurities such as diethylene glycol are by-produced in the reaction product. The physical properties of the resulting polyester, particularly the softening point, are markedly lowered, and there are disadvantages such that only low-quality polyester can be obtained. In such a conventional technique, a technique for efficiently treating a mixture of polyester fiber waste and film waste has not been completed.
[0007]
In addition, when fiber waste and film waste outside the polyester manufacturing process are to be collected, it may be unavoidable to mix a material different from polyester such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, and cotton. Furthermore, even if the material is polyester, those containing a dye are decomposed during a series of reactions such as depolymerization and dispersed in the recovered monomer, and the quality is remarkably deteriorated. There has never been any example that mentions the quality of recovered monomer when these impurities are mixed.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, improve the handling in the subsequent reaction process in the pretreatment process, and provide the facility for removing impurities in the reaction process. The object is to establish an efficient and economical active ingredient recovery method capable of obtaining a high purity recovered monomer from the polyethylene terephthalate waste containing.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors passed a discrimination test in order to allow the reaction to proceed efficiently after eliminating waste other than the active ingredient polyethylene terephthalate with an appropriate discrimination device in the pretreatment step. An active ingredient that efficiently obtains high-purity recovered monomer by incorporating a reaction process with reaction conditions in which impurities are pulverized, then granulated and solidified, and the impurities are not decomposed after the pretreatment process. A recovery method was found and the present invention was completed.
[0010]
That is, the object of the present invention is to
Polyethylene terephthalate waste is a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate fiber waste and polyethylene terephthalate film waste, and the waste is analyzed by a discriminator and determined to be different from polyethylene terephthalate. In the case where polyethylene terephthalate is determined to be polyethylene terephthalate without being discharged to the next process, the waste is put into a pulverizer, and the waste is first pulverized to 30 to 150 mm. After pulverizing to ˜50 mm and solidifying the pulverized product into a cylindrical solid having a diameter of 2 to 20 mm and a length of 2 to 60 mm by a granulator to a bulk density of 0.2 to 1.0 g / cm 3 , A combination of the pretreatment step of transporting the solid matter to the reactor of the reaction step by pneumatic transportation and the following reaction steps (a) to (f) It is achieved by a method of recovering effective components of the high-purity polyethylene terephthalate waste by.
(A) The crude polyethylene terephthalate obtained in the pretreatment step is put into ethylene glycol containing a depolymerization catalyst and depolymerized at a temperature of 120 to 190 ° C. to obtain bis (β-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). A depolymerization reaction step to obtain
(B) the depolymerization reaction step in the reaction or polyethylene other than the polyethylene terephthalate after the reaction, polystyrene, polypropylene, foreign matter removing step of removing the foreign plastics such polyvinyl chloride le;
(C) a filtration and sorting step of filtering and sorting undissolved components after the depolymerization reaction;
(D) A BHET concentration step in which concentrated BHET is obtained by performing distillation / evaporation operation on the crude BHET and crude ethylene glycol mixed solution that have been subjected to the filtration and selection step to distill and evaporate ethylene glycol;
(E) a transesterification reaction step in which transesterification is performed by adding and introducing a transesterification catalyst and methanol into a mixed solution of BHET and ethylene glycol that has undergone the BHET concentration step;
(F) a purification step of separating and recovering purified dimethyl terephthalate and purified ethylene glycol from a mixture of crude dimethyl terephthalate , crude methanol and crude ethylene glycol obtained in the transesterification step;
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the active ingredient recovery method of the present invention, materials different from polyethylene terephthalate , such as nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, and cotton, cannot be active ingredients, and therefore wastes mixed in large quantities are excluded at the stage of acceptance. That is, the waste is analyzed by a discriminating device such as a near-infrared spectrometer, and if it shows an absorption pattern different from that of polyethylene terephthalate , it is not transported to the next process and eliminated at that stage. Only the waste that has passed the inspection by the near-infrared analysis is transported to the next process.
[0012]
The waste that has passed the inspection by the near infrared analysis is preferably granulated and solidified from the viewpoint of handling in the reaction process after the pretreatment process or from the aspect of air transportability after the pretreatment process. However, it is extremely difficult to directly feed yarn waste, film waste and the like having a continuous structure into a granulator, and it is necessary to first grind the waste to an appropriate size. The size of the pulverized product is preferably 2 to 50 mm. If the pulverized diameter is large, there is a problem that solidification is insufficient in the next granulation step. As an embodiment of pulverization, it is preferable to use a two-stage pulverizer in order to improve the pulverization capacity. That is, the polyethylene terephthalate waste is roughly pulverized to 30 to 150 mm by a primary pulverizer and then pulverized to 2 to 50 mm by a secondary pulverizer. When the size of the pulverized product is specified to 2 to 50 mm directly in the primary pulverizer, the load applied to the pulverizer becomes excessive, which is inefficient.
[0013]
Next, the pulverized product is put into a granulator to solidify the pulverized product into a cylindrical solid. The size of the diameter is preferably 2 to 20 mm, more preferably 4 to 6 mm. The length is preferably 2 to 60 mm. The granulation method is a method in which the pulverized material is pushed into a hole having a specified size, and a part of the surface is melted by frictional heat generated on the surface of the polyethylene terephthalate and solidified as a binder. If it is large, the surface of the solidified product will not be sufficiently solidified due to the effect of the frictional heat becoming minute. If solidification is insufficient in this way, in the subsequent pneumatic transportation process, the solid matter will collapse due to collision with the piping, and it will be easy to build a bridge in the storage tank at the transport destination, and it will be extremely difficult to discharge from the storage tank. Become.
[0014]
In the granulation method, it is necessary to operate at a temperature not lower than the glass transition point and not higher than the melting point of polyethylene terephthalate . That is, as a granulation method, there is a method in which the waste is heated to a melting point of polyethylene terephthalate or more and completely melted and then cooled and solidified. However, in the granulation method, impurities such as nylon are decomposed. The quality of the recovered monomer is deteriorated. In addition, if the solids are completely solidified in the granulation method, there is an adverse effect that the reaction rate is greatly reduced as the contact efficiency between the solvent and the granulated solids deteriorates in the reaction step. Therefore, the present invention employs a granulation method in which only a part of the waste surface is melted and solidified at an operating temperature not lower than the glass transition point and not higher than the melting point of polyethylene terephthalate . With this granulation method, it became possible to improve handling while suppressing decomposition of impurities and a decrease in reaction rate.
[0015]
Further, when granulation / solidification is not performed, the pulverized product has a bulk density of about 0.10 g / cm 3 , and in this case, the bulk density becomes very bulky when charged into the reactor in the subsequent reaction step, and The pulverized product absorbs ethylene glycol so that stirring in the reaction vessel becomes very difficult. Bulk specific gravity with the granulating or solids are in terms of smoothly advancing increases but the final bulk density reaction 0.10~1.0g / cm 3, and preferably is increased to 0.40 g / cm 3 or more It is necessary to improve handling properties. From the above viewpoint, granulation and solidification after pulverization play a very important role in the present invention.
[0016]
The solid matter after granulation and solidification is transported to the reaction step by pneumatic transportation. In addition, a series of pretreatment steps can be performed automatically by saving labor, including putting the polyethylene terephthalate waste into a pulverizer. In the method of the present invention, there is no problem even if resin waste is mixed as polyethylene terephthalate waste. Hereinafter, each process of the reaction process will be described.
[0017]
In the step (a), the polyethylene terephthalate solid material that has passed through the pretreatment step is subjected to a depolymerization reaction in excess ethylene glycol at a known depolymerization catalyst, at a temperature of 120 to 190 ° C. at a known catalyst concentration. Here, when the temperature of the ethylene glycol is less than 120 ° C., the depolymerization time becomes very long and it is not efficient. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 200 ° C., thermal decomposition of the oil contained in the waste becomes remarkable, and nitrogen compounds generated by decomposition are dispersed in the recovered monomer, making it difficult to separate in the subsequent purification step. The temperature is preferably 140 to 190 ° C. Existing chemical recycling technology requires high-temperature operation, making it difficult to cope with oil contamination.
[0018]
In addition, when the polyethylene terephthalate waste handled in the present invention is colored with a dye, the dye may be decomposed in the reaction step to have a low molecular weight and be dispersed in the recovered monomer to significantly reduce the quality. Therefore, when handling the colored waste, it is effective to incorporate a step of discharging the dye before the step (a). In this step, the granulated solid containing the dye is put into a solvent such as water, alkylene glycol, dimethylformamide, para-xylene, 2-heptanone, and heated at 100 to 190 ° C. while being pressurized, and the dye is extracted. To do. The discharging method may be a batch method or a continuous extraction method such as a countercurrent multistage extraction method. The solidified product after the dye extraction is washed with alkylene glycol and then transported to step (b) in the same manner as the waste containing no dye.
[0019]
Further, when nylon that could not be excluded at the stage of acceptance is mixed, the nylon is decomposed in the reaction process, and it is mixed as a nitrogen compound such as ε-caprolactam in the recovered monomer, making separation difficult. Therefore, it is effective to incorporate a step of dissolving and removing nylon into the solidified product containing nylon before the step (a). In this step, a solidified material containing nylon is introduced into a solvent such as alkylene glycol and heated to 100 to 190 ° C. to dissolve and remove nylon. In addition, this process may be performed in the above-described discharging process.
[0020]
In the step (b), a plastic different from polyethylene terephthalate such as polyethylene and polypropylene, which could not be excluded in the discrimination test in the pretreatment step, is floated and separated in the depolymerization reaction layer. Since the different plastic has a specific gravity smaller than that of ethylene glycol, which is a solvent for the depolymerization reaction, and floats on the liquid surface, these are separated into layers of eutectic mixed floating mass of the different plastic, and then the eutectic mixing. The suspended layer is extracted from the depolymerization and removed.
[0021]
In the step (c), after the depolymerization reaction, different materials such as cotton that could not be excluded in the discrimination test in the pretreatment step are filtered and selected. The object of the different material to be removed in the step (c) is a component having a specific gravity larger than that of ethylene glycol and cannot be separated by the removing method of the step (b). When passing through the step (c), the polyethylene terephthalate is converted to bis (β-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as BHET), and the reaction solution is a mixed solution of BHET and ethylene glycol.
[0022]
In step (d), the weight ratio of ethylene glycol and polyethylene terephthalate waste from the mixture of BHET and ethylene glycol that has passed step (c) in order to efficiently proceed the transesterification reaction of step (e) Ethylene glycol is distilled off until the raw material charge ratio is 0.5 to 2.0 times. The ethylene glycol distilled off at this time is recycled again to the step (a).
[0023]
In step (e), a mixture of BHET and ethylene glycol from which ethylene glycol has been distilled off in step (d) is subjected to a transesterification reaction with methanol in the presence of a known transesterification catalyst and a known concentration, and then subjected to centrifugation, etc. Solid-liquid separation is performed by solid-liquid separation means.
[0024]
In the step (f), the crude dimethyl terephthalate and crude ethylene glycol obtained in the step (e) are purified by a purification method such as distillation to obtain highly purified dimethyl terephthalate and purified ethylene glycol. At this time, since the impurities that have passed through the reaction step are captured at the bottom of the column, the recovered monomer does not contain impurities and a high purity is obtained.
[0025]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Note that a spectrophotometer (trade name; plastic scan) manufactured by Opto Giken Co., Ltd. was used as the near-infrared analyzer.
[0026]
[Example 1]
Absorption spectra were measured with a near-infrared analyzer for 100 kg of mixed waste of polyethylene terephthalate fiber waste and polyethylene terephthalate film waste not containing a dye generated from the polyethylene terephthalate production process, and the absorption pattern coincided with the polyethylene terephthalate resin. The entire amount of the waste is put into the primary pulverizer, the screen diameter of the pulverizer is set to 75 mm, primary pulverization is performed, and then the pulverized product is charged into the secondary pulverizer to screen the screen of the pulverizer Was set to 20 mm and secondary pulverization was performed. Thereafter, the pulverized product was put into a granulator operating under conditions of a diameter of 4 mm, a length of 45 mm, and a granulator internal temperature of 170 ° C., solidified, and then transported to the reaction step by pneumatic transport. The bulk density of the solidified product transported to the reaction step was 0.40 g / cm 3 .
[0027]
In the reaction step, 100 kg of the solidified product was charged into a mixture of 400 kg of ethylene glycol (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as EG) and 3 kg of sodium carbonate, which had been heated to 185 ° C., and reacted at normal pressure for 4 hours.
[0028]
After completion of the reaction, a mixed liquid of BHET and EG was sent to a distillation tower, and 300 kg of EG was distilled off under conditions of a tower bottom temperature of 140 to 150 ° C. and a pressure of 13.3 kPa. Subsequently, 3 kg of sodium carbonate and 200 kg of methanol were added to 200 kg of the mixture of BHET and EG after EG was distilled off, and the mixture was reacted at 75 to 80 ° C. for 1 h.
[0029]
After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to 40 ° C., and was subjected to solid-liquid separation by centrifugation into a cake mainly composed of crude dimethyl terephthalate and a filtrate mainly composed of crude EG. Next, the crude dimethyl terephthalate was purified by distillation under the conditions of a pressure of 6.7 kPa and a tower bottom temperature of 180 to 200 ° C., and the crude EG at a pressure of 13.3 kPa and a tower bottom temperature of 140 to 150 ° C. Ethylene glycol was obtained with a yield of 85%.
[0030]
The recovered dimethyl terephthalate is no different from the commercial item in terms of appearance, acid value, melt colorimetric, and sulfated ash inspection items. The recovered monomer with high purity was obtained without any inferiority.
[0031]
[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, when the screen size of the primary pulverizer was set to 75 mm, primary pulverization was performed, and the pulverizer was applied without performing secondary pulverization, solidification was insufficient, and air in the next step was used. In the storage tank after transportation, a bridge was not built and discharged, causing an abnormality that the line stopped.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
Upon recovering effective components from polyethylene terephthalate waste containing impurities, in the pretreatment step, to improve the handling properties of the reaction step after, in the reaction step by providing the facility to remove the impurities, polyethylene terephthalate containing impurities It is possible to provide an efficient and economical method for recovering an active ingredient capable of obtaining a highly pure recovered monomer from waste.

Claims (6)

ポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物がポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維屑とポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム廃棄物との混合物であるものであって、該廃棄物を判別装置によって分析してポリエチレンテレフタレートとは異なるものと判定されたものについては該廃棄物を排除して次工程へ輸送せず、ポリエチレンテレフタレートと判定されたものについては該廃棄物を粉砕機に投入して該廃棄物をまず30〜150mmに粉砕した後、該粉砕物をさらに2〜50mmに粉砕し、該粉砕物を造粒機により径2〜20mm、長さ2〜60mmの円筒状固形物に固形化して嵩密度を0.2〜1.0g/cm3とした後に、該固形物を空気輸送により反応工程の反応機へと輸送する前処理工程と以下の(a)〜(f)の反応工程とを組み合わせることによりポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物から高純度の有効成分を回収する方法。
(a)前記前処理工程で得られた粗製ポリエチレンテレフタレートを解重合触媒を含むエチレングリコール中に投入して120〜190℃の温度で解重合を行い、ビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)テレフタレート(BHET)を得る解重合反応工程;
(b)前記解重合反応工程の反応中又は反応後にポリエチレンテレフタレート以外のポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニルの異プラスチック類を除去する異物除去工程;
(c)前記解重合反応後に未溶解の成分を濾過選別する濾過選別工程;
(d)前記濾過選別工程を経た粗製BHETと粗製エチレングリコール混合液に蒸留・蒸発操作を施してエチレングリコールを蒸留・蒸発させて濃縮BHETを得るBHET濃縮工程;
(e)前記BHET濃縮工程を経たBHETとエチレングリコールの混合液中にエステル交換触媒とメタノールとを添加・投入してエステル交換を行うエステル交換反応工程;
(f)前記エステル交換反応工程で得られた粗製テレフタル酸ジメチル粗製メタノール及び粗製エチレングリコールの混合物から精製テレフタル酸ジメチル及び精製エチレングリコールとを分離回収する精製工程;
Polyethylene terephthalate waste is a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate fiber waste and polyethylene terephthalate film waste, and the waste is analyzed by a discriminator and determined to be different from polyethylene terephthalate. In the case where polyethylene terephthalate is determined to be polyethylene terephthalate without being discharged to the next process, the waste is put into a pulverizer, and the waste is first pulverized to 30 to 150 mm. After pulverizing to ˜50 mm and solidifying the pulverized product into a cylindrical solid having a diameter of 2 to 20 mm and a length of 2 to 60 mm by a granulator to a bulk density of 0.2 to 1.0 g / cm 3 , A combination of the pretreatment step of transporting the solid matter to the reactor of the reaction step by pneumatic transportation and the following reaction steps (a) to (f) Process for the recovery of the active ingredient of the high-purity polyethylene terephthalate waste by.
(A) The crude polyethylene terephthalate obtained in the pretreatment step is put into ethylene glycol containing a depolymerization catalyst and depolymerized at a temperature of 120 to 190 ° C. to obtain bis (β-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). A depolymerization reaction step to obtain
(B) the depolymerization reaction step in the reaction or polyethylene other than the polyethylene terephthalate after the reaction, polystyrene, polypropylene, foreign matter removing step of removing the foreign plastics such polyvinyl chloride le;
(C) a filtration and sorting step of filtering and sorting undissolved components after the depolymerization reaction;
(D) A BHET concentration step in which concentrated BHET is obtained by performing distillation / evaporation operation on the crude BHET and crude ethylene glycol mixed solution that have been subjected to the filtration and selection step to distill and evaporate ethylene glycol;
(E) a transesterification reaction step in which transesterification is performed by adding and introducing a transesterification catalyst and methanol into a mixed solution of BHET and ethylene glycol that has undergone the BHET concentration step;
(F) a purification step of separating and recovering purified dimethyl terephthalate and purified ethylene glycol from a mixture of crude dimethyl terephthalate , crude methanol and crude ethylene glycol obtained in the transesterification step;
前記判別装置に近赤外分析計を使用する請求項1記載の有効成分回収方法。  The active ingredient recovery method according to claim 1, wherein a near-infrared analyzer is used for the discrimination device. 造粒方法において、ポリエチレンテレフタレートのガラス転移点以上、融点以下の温度範囲で操作し、ポリエチレンテレフタレートの一部を溶融させる造粒方法を用いる請求項1記載の有効成分回収方法。The active ingredient recovery method according to claim 1, wherein the granulation method uses a granulation method in which a part of polyethylene terephthalate is melted by operating in a temperature range from the glass transition point of polyethylene terephthalate to the melting point or less. 前処理工程において自動搬送装置を採用し省人化する請求項1記載の有効成分回収方法。  The active ingredient recovery method according to claim 1, wherein an automatic conveyance device is employed in the pretreatment step to save labor. 前処理工程で得られた粗製ポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物に染料が含有されている場合、該廃棄物を100〜190℃において溶剤中に投入し、染料を抽出する抜染工程を経て反応工程に進む請求項1記載の有効成分回収方法。When the crude polyethylene terephthalate waste obtained in the pretreatment step contains a dye, the waste is put into a solvent at 100 to 190 ° C, and the process proceeds to a reaction step through a discharge step for extracting the dye. The active ingredient recovery method according to 1. 前処理工程で得られた粗製ポリエチレンテレフタレート廃棄物にナイロンが含有されている場合、該廃棄物を100〜190℃において溶剤中に投入してナイロンを溶解させて除去した後に反応工程に進む請求項1記載の有効成分回収方法。When nylon is contained in the crude polyethylene terephthalate waste obtained in the pretreatment step, the waste is put into a solvent at 100 to 190 ° C to dissolve and remove the nylon, and then proceeds to the reaction step. The active ingredient recovery method according to 1.
JP2000364633A 2000-11-27 2000-11-30 Method for recovering active ingredients from polyethylene terephthalate waste Expired - Lifetime JP4065659B2 (en)

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TW90128842A TW528773B (en) 2000-11-27 2001-11-21 Dimethyl terephthalate composition and process for producing the same
CNB018212786A CN1234676C (en) 2000-11-27 2001-11-22 Dimethyl terephthalate composition and its producing method
AU2002224082A AU2002224082B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2001-11-22 Dimethyl terephthalate composition and process for producing the same
US10/432,822 US7078440B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2001-11-22 Dimethyl terephthalate composition and process for producing the same
KR1020037006969A KR100746678B1 (en) 2000-11-27 2001-11-22 Terephthalate dimethyl composition and preparation method thereof
AU2408202A AU2408202A (en) 2000-11-27 2001-11-22 Dimethyl terephthalate composition and process for producing the same
MXPA03004661A MXPA03004661A (en) 2000-11-27 2001-11-22 Dimethyl terephthalate composition and process for producing the same.
EP01997193.6A EP1344765B1 (en) 2000-11-27 2001-11-22 Process for producing a dimethyl terephthalate composition
PCT/JP2001/010241 WO2002042253A1 (en) 2000-11-27 2001-11-22 Dimethyl terephthalate composition and process for producing the same
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JP4773799B2 (en) * 2005-11-09 2011-09-14 帝人株式会社 Method for separating different materials
JP2009120766A (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-06-04 Teijin Fibers Ltd Method for recovering dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol
JP5134563B2 (en) * 2009-02-02 2013-01-30 帝人株式会社 Method for removing foreign materials from polyalkylene terephthalate fibers
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WO2022254815A1 (en) 2021-05-31 2022-12-08 三菱重工業株式会社 Separation system and separation method
WO2024063099A1 (en) 2022-09-22 2024-03-28 三菱重工業株式会社 Separation system and separation method
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