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JP4010608B2 - Stable iron-fortified edible fats and oils - Google Patents

Stable iron-fortified edible fats and oils Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4010608B2
JP4010608B2 JP24975597A JP24975597A JP4010608B2 JP 4010608 B2 JP4010608 B2 JP 4010608B2 JP 24975597 A JP24975597 A JP 24975597A JP 24975597 A JP24975597 A JP 24975597A JP 4010608 B2 JP4010608 B2 JP 4010608B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
iron
oils
casein
oil
edible
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JP24975597A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH1175692A (en
Inventor
誠 塩田
俊昭 内田
稔夫 桜井
雅幸 東
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Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
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Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鉄を保持した鉄−カゼイン類複合体を配合しており、鉄による劣化の少ない安定な鉄強化食用油脂類及び鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品に関する。
本発明の鉄強化食用油脂類及び鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品は、鉄による保存中の食用油脂類の劣化が殆ど見られず安定であるので、鉄を強化した食材として有用である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
日本人の鉄摂取量は、昭和50年以降所要量の充足率 100%前後を横這いで推移しており、鉄分は食事の中で気をつけて摂取しなければならない栄養素の一つであって、性別や年齢により不足する場合もあるといわれている (平成6年、国民栄養の現状) 。鉄は難吸収性であるため、高頻度に鉄欠乏症を引き起こす要因となる傾向にあるが、一方で鉄は難排泄性であるため、往々にして鉄過剰症を引き起こす要因ともなり、種々の生体障害の原因となる。したがって、鉄の摂取に当たっては、毎日、毎食、あらゆる機会に適当量の鉄を摂取することが望まれている。
【0003】
鉄の摂取に関しては、このような状況にあり、鉄を強化した種々の食品や基本的な食材の提供が望まれるところである。特に、食用油脂類や食用油脂類を含有する食品に鉄を強化することは現在までに殆どなされておらず、実現が期待される分野である。なぜならば、一般に食用油脂類は、食品中で口当たりを滑らかにする等の食感を決定し、風味の面でも食品の美味しさを引き出す最も重要な要因の一つとなっている点からも重要である。
【0004】
ところが、食用油脂類には劣化という大きな問題がある。すなわち、食用油脂類は保存中や加熱処理中に劣化し、風味の悪化や異臭の原因となったり、多くの疾病を引き起こす原因となる。したがって、劣化した食用油脂類には商品価値が無く、食用油脂類の劣化を防止するための対策は、食用油脂類を利用する上で不可欠なものとなっている。食用油脂類を劣化させる要因としては、光、空気、ミネラルの存在等を挙げることができるが、その中でも特に、銅、鉄、マンガン、ニッケル等の重金属が食用油脂類の劣化を促進する。そのため、食用油脂類の精製技術においては、金属を除去する工程が重要であると考えられている。また、食品中に含まれている金属では銅が最も食用油脂類の酸化を促進し、鉄がこれに次ぐといわれており、食品への鉄強化に通常用いられる硫酸第一鉄やクエン酸鉄等の無機鉄は、食品中に含まれる食用油脂類の劣化を促進する。
【0005】
このように、鉄による食用油脂類の劣化を防止することができない現状にあり、現在のところ、食用油脂類やこれを含有する食品に鉄を強化することは、実用化するに至っていない。
なお、縮合リン酸塩とトコフェロールとの相乗効果による抗酸化剤も提案されている (油化学, vol.38, p.72, 1989) 。しかし、この方法も必ずしも満足できるものではなかった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来、鉄の油脂類に対する劣化促進作用は、ヒドロペルオキシドの分解と分子状酸素の活性化によるラジカル生成に起因することが知られている。すなわち、鉄は自動酸化の第一段階のラジカル生成反応に関与し、その後、油脂類の自動酸化の連鎖反応が進む。
【0007】
本発明者らは、上記のような劣化という問題がある食用油脂類を素材として、鉄強化食用油脂類や鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品を提供するべく、鉄強化食用油脂類の劣化を阻止する方法について、鋭意研究を進めてきた。
【0008】
一方、従来より、乳素材にミネラルを結合させることで、鉄をはじめとするミネラルの酸化促進作用を低下、消失させることができることが知られている。そして、乳素材として、ホエータンパク濃縮物 (WPC) やカゼイン等が用いられている。しかしながら、鉄結合乳素材は鉄独特の収斂味を呈するので、この鉄結合乳素材を油脂含有食品に配合した場合、得られる製品は鉄の収斂味を呈し、品質の面で問題となる。このようなことから、鉄結合乳素材を食品に配合して利用することは難しい現状にある。
【0009】
また、ミネラルを不活性化するために、クエン酸、リンゴ酸等の有機酸を使用し、キレート作用を利用することが一般的に行われている。しかしながら、このキレート作用によるミネラル酸化抑制効果は不充分であり、単独使用で充分な効果をあげることは期待できない。
【0010】
そこで、本発明者らは、鉄による酸化促進作用を低減する方法を検討した結果、炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄−カゼイン類複合体を食用油脂類に配合することで、食用油脂類の劣化促進作用を抑制し、鉄を配合しない食用油脂類と同等の酸化安定性を確保できることを見出した。そして、同様にして安定な鉄強化食用油脂類食品を得ることができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。したがって、本発明は、鉄が強化されており、保存中に鉄による劣化の少ない安定な食用油脂類を提供することを課題とする。また、本発明は、鉄が強化されており、保存中に鉄による劣化の少ない安定な鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品を提供することを課題とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明では、鉄強化のための鉄化合物として、炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄−カゼイン類複合体を使用する。この炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄カゼイン類複合体は、カゼイン類1分子当り、鉄を1〜100原子、炭酸及び/又は重炭酸を3,000〜120,000分子含有するもので例えば、炭酸イオン及び/又は重炭酸イオンを含む溶液と、カゼイン類及び鉄イオンを含む溶液とを混合することにより得ることができる。そして、鉄を高い割合で含有するが、鉄独特の収斂味がないという特徴を有しているので、食用油脂類や食用油脂類含有食品に配合しても風味や食感を損なうことが無い。また、この炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄−カゼイン類複合体は、耐熱性を有しているので、殺菌や溶解等の加熱処理を施しても変性せず、さらに、酸化促進作用も抑制されているという特徴を有する。この炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄−カゼイン類複合体は、炭酸もしくは重炭酸を介して鉄がカゼイン類と結合しているものであって、カゼイン類1分子当り、鉄を1〜100原子、かつ炭酸及び/又は重炭酸を3,000〜120,000分子含有する炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄−カゼイン類複合体である (特開平9-77793号公報、特願平9-87377号、特願平9-87378号) 。
【0012】
本発明におけるカゼイン類とは、ヒトやウシ等の哺乳類の乳等の分泌液から分離されるカゼイン、酸カゼイン、カゼインナトリウム、乳酸カゼイン、α−カゼイン、β−カゼイン、κ−カゼイン等であり、これらの分解物をも含む。このカゼイン類については、既に大量に分離する方法が多数知られているが、どのような方法で分離されたものであっても良い。また、遺伝子操作によって微生物、動物細胞あるいはトランスジェニック動物から生産されたものであっても良い。また、分解物は、カゼイン類にタンパク質分解酵素等を作用させることにより、得ることができる。
【0013】
これらのカゼイン類に、炭酸もしくは重炭酸を介して、硫酸第一鉄、グルコン酸第一鉄、乳酸鉄、クエン酸鉄、クエン酸第一鉄ナトリウム、クエン酸鉄アンモニウム、ピロリン酸第一鉄、ピロリン酸第二鉄、塩化第二鉄、硝酸第二鉄、硫酸第二鉄等の鉄化合物を結合させた炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄−カゼイン類複合体を食用油脂類に配合することにより、安定な食用油脂類を得ることができる。また、マーガリン、バター、育児用粉乳等の食品製造の際、この鉄強化食用油脂類を使用したり、炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄−カゼイン類複合体を原料の食用油脂類含有食品に添加して含有せしめることにより、鉄が強化されており、保存中鉄による油脂の劣化の少ない安定な鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品を得ることができる。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明では、食用油脂類に炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄−カゼイン類複合体(以下、鉄−カゼイン複合体という)を配合し、安定な鉄強化食用油脂類を得る。本発明で鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合することのできる食用油脂類としては、特に制限はなく、大豆油、菜種油、綿実油、ゴマ油、サフラワー油、オリーブ油、トウモロコシ油、シソ油、月見草油等の植物油や魚油、乳脂、豚脂等の動物油脂に鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合することにより、安定な鉄強化食用油脂類とすることができる。
【0015】
また、本発明では、食用油脂類含有食品に鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合し、鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品を得る。本発明の安定な鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品は、油脂を含むあらゆる食品に適用できるが、特に、マーガリン、バター、ドレッシング、クリーム、育児用粉乳等に適用され、これらの食品を製造するに際しては、予め鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した安定な鉄強化食用油脂類を原料とし、この安定な鉄強化食用油脂類を食品に配合して鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品を得ることもできるし、食用油脂類を含む食品に鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合して鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品を得ることもできる。
【0016】
なお、本発明は、ビタミンA、ビタミンE、ビタミンD等の脂溶性ビタミンに鉄を強化した鉄強化ビタミンを製造する際にも使用することができ、この鉄強化ビタミンを配合した栄養剤や健康食品等を提供することもできる。
【0017】
本発明においては、食用油脂類や食用油脂類含有食品に配合する鉄−カゼイン複合体の配合量については、特に制限はなく、物理的に可能な量だけ鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合することができ、例えば、食用油脂類1kgに対して 100〜500gの鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合することも可能であるが、鉄−カゼイン複合体の食用油脂類中での分散性を考慮すると、食用油脂類1kgに対して鉄−カゼイン複合体の配合量を100g以下とすることが好ましい。勿論、鉄の過剰摂取は避けなければならないということも考慮し、これらの鉄−カゼイン複合体の食用油脂類への配合量を決定する必要がある。
【0018】
以下に実施例等を示し、本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。
【参考例1】
1.2モル重炭酸ナトリウム及び10マイクロモルα−カゼイン(シグマ社製)を含む溶液 1 l(A溶液)と、鉄イオンとして 1.0ミリモルの硫酸鉄を含む溶液 1 l(B溶液)を調製した後、A溶液にB溶液を加えて鉄−カゼイン複合体を調製した。そして、この鉄−カゼイン複合体の溶液を分子量 5,000カットの限外濾過膜で脱塩及び濃縮した後、凍結乾燥して鉄−カゼイン複合体 150mgを得た。
【0019】
【参考例2】
1.5モル炭酸ナトリウムを含み塩酸でpH 8.0に調整した溶液 50 l (A溶液)、鉄イオンとして50.0ミリモルクエン酸鉄を含む溶液 10 l (B1溶液)、 0.5ミリモルカゼインナトリウムを含む溶液 40 l (B2溶液)を調製した後、B1溶液とB2溶液を混合し、さらに、この混合溶液にA溶液を加えて鉄−カゼイン複合体を調製した。そして、この鉄−カゼイン複合体の溶液を分子量 5,000カットの限外濾過膜で脱塩及び濃縮した後、凍結乾燥をして鉄−カゼイン複合体9.8gを得た。
【0020】
【試験例1】
魚油に参考例1で調製した鉄−カゼイン複合体をウルトラディスパーサーで分散させて配合した魚油を調製し(試料2)、この魚油の油強制劣化試験を行った。また、鉄−カゼイン複合体無添加の魚油を対照品とし(試料1)、さらに鉄化合物として塩化第二鉄・6水和物をウルトラディスパーサーで分散させて配合した魚油を比較品として(試料3)、同様の油強制劣化試験を行った。
調製油脂の自動酸化に対する安定性の評価は、CDM試験 (日本油化学協会基準油脂分析試験法 Cd2.4.28.2-93) に従い、ランシマット装置 (メトロノーム社製) でCDM試験により定義されている酸化誘導期の長さを測定し、酸化安定性を評価した。すなわち、酸化誘導期が長ければ酸化安定性が高いことを示す。
【0021】
本試験例では、以下に示した試料を調製し、80℃の測定温度で試験を行った。その結果を表1に示す。
試料1:魚油 6,000mg
試料2:魚油 6,000mg+鉄−カゼイン複合体 60mg
試料3:魚油 6,000mg+塩化第二鉄・6水和物 14.6mg(試料2の鉄量相当)
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0004010608
【0023】
これによると、塩化第二鉄・6水和物を配合した魚油では、試験開始直後から激しい劣化が認められた。しかし、鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した魚油では、鉄化合物無添加の試料と劣化の程度は変わらなかった。
また、油強制劣化試験に供した試料と同様の試料について、40℃のオーブンに保存し、経時的にサンプリングして過酸化物価(POV)を測定したが、油強制劣化試験と同様の傾向が見られた。したがって、鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した魚油は、広い温度範囲で劣化が抑制される。
【0024】
【試験例2】
大豆油に参考例2で調製した鉄−カゼイン複合体をウルトラディスパーサーで分散させて配合した大豆油を調製し(試料2)、この大豆油の油強制劣化試験を行った。また、鉄−カゼイン複合体無添加の大豆油を対照品とし(試料1)、さらに鉄化合物として塩化第二鉄・6水和物をウルトラディスパーサーで分散させて配合した大豆油を比較品として(試料3)、同様の油強制劣化試験を行った。本試験例では、以下に示した試料を調製し、 120℃の測定温度で試験例1と同様の試験を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
試料1:大豆油 6,000mg
試料2:大豆油 6,000mg+鉄−カゼイン複合体 60mg
試料3:大豆油 6,000mg+塩化第二鉄・6水和物 14.6mg(試料2の鉄量相当)
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0004010608
【0026】
これによると、塩化第二鉄・6水和物を配合した大豆油では、試験開始直後から激しい劣化が認められた。しかし、鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した大豆油では、鉄化合物無添加の試料と劣化の程度は変わらなかった。
また、油強制劣化試験に供した試料と同様の試料について、40℃のオーブンに保存し、経時的にサンプリングしてPOVを測定したが、油強制劣化試験と同様の傾向が見られた。したがって、鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した大豆油は、広い温度範囲で劣化が抑制される。
【0027】
【実施例1】
食用大豆白絞油1kgに参考例2に示した方法により得られた鉄−カゼイン複合体10g を配合し、TKホモミキサーで撹拌して分散化処理を行って鉄強化食用大豆白絞油を製造した。なお、この鉄強化食用大豆白絞油においては、25℃で1ヶ月保存した後も大豆の戻り臭は認められなかった。
【0028】
【参考例3】
従来法に従い、鉄−カゼイン結合体を調製した。すなわち、カゼインナトリウム1kgを水 20 l に溶解した溶液に、塩化第二鉄・6水和物200gを加えて溶解した後、水酸化ナトリウムでこの溶液のpHを 6.5に調整し、75℃、20分間の加熱処理を行って鉄−カゼイン結合体を調製した。そして、この鉄−カゼイン結合体の溶液を濃縮し、噴霧乾燥して鉄−カゼイン結合体740gを得た。
【0029】
【実施例2】
表3に示した配合表に従って、参考例2に示した方法により得られた鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した鉄強化マーガリンを製造した。
【0030】
【表3】
Figure 0004010608
【0031】
また、鉄−カゼイン複合体に代えて、参考例3に示した方法により得られた鉄−カゼイン結合体を配合したマーガリン(比較品1)及び塩化第二鉄・6水和物を配合したマーガリン(比較品2)を製造し、さらに、鉄化合物無添加のマーガリンも製造して、これらマーガリンの油強制劣化試験を行った。
なお、マーガリンの自動酸化に対する安定性の評価は、AOM試験 (日本油化学協会基準油脂分析試験法 Cd2.4.28.1-81) に従い、POVが 100に到達するまでの時間を測定し、酸化安定性を評価した。その結果を表4に示す。
【0032】
【表4】
Figure 0004010608
【0033】
これによると、塩化第二鉄・6水和物を配合した比較品2のマーガリンでは、酸化安定性が著しく低下していることが判る。また、カゼインに鉄を結合させた鉄−カゼイン結合体を配合した比較品1のマーガリンでも、酸化安定性が低下していることが判る。しかし、鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した本発明品のマーガリンでは、対照品である鉄化合物無添加のマーガリンと劣化の程度は変わらなかった。なお、鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した本発明品のマーガリンにおいては、油の戻り臭の生成が少ないことを確認しており、風味も良好な鉄強化マーガリンを製造することができた。
【0034】
【実施例3】
表5に示した配合表に従って、参考例2に示した方法により得られた鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した育児用粉乳(本発明品)を製造した。
【0035】
【表5】
Figure 0004010608
【0036】
また、鉄−カゼイン複合体に代えて、参考例3に示した方法により得られた鉄−カゼイン結合体を配合した育児用粉乳(比較品1)及び塩化第二鉄・6水和物を配合した育児用粉乳(比較品2)を製造し、さらに、鉄化合物無添加の育児用粉乳も製造して、これら育児用粉乳の保存試験を行った。
なお、育児用粉乳の保存試験においては、POVが5に到達する日数を測定することにより酸化安定性を評価した。すなわち、製造した育児用粉乳を37℃のオーブン中に保存して経時的にサンプリングを行い、このサンプリングした試料について、溶媒で油分を抽出してPOVを測定した。その結果を表6に示す。
【0037】
【表6】
Figure 0004010608
【0038】
これによると、塩化第二鉄・6水和物を配合した比較品2の育児用粉乳では、酸化安定性が著しく低下していることが判る。また、カゼインに鉄を結合させた鉄−カゼイン結合体を配合した比較品1の育児用粉乳でも、酸化安定性が低下していることが判る。しかし、鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した本発明品の育児用粉乳では、対照品である鉄化合物無添加の育児用粉乳と劣化の程度は変わらなかった。なお、鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した本発明品の育児用粉乳においては、油の戻り臭の生成が少ないことを確認しており、風味も良好な鉄強化育児用粉乳を製造することができた。
【0039】
【実施例4】
1.5 モル炭酸ナトリウムを含み、塩酸でpH8.0 に調整した溶液(A溶液)、鉄イオンとして50.0ミリモルクエン酸鉄を含む溶液40 l(B1溶液) 、0.5 ミリモルカゼインナトリウムを含む溶液40 l(B2溶液)を調製した後、B1溶液とB2溶液を混合し、更に、この混合溶液にA溶液を加えて鉄・カゼイン複合体を調製した。そして、この鉄−カゼイン複合体の溶液を分子量5000カットの限外濾過膜で脱塩および減圧濃縮を行った。水を加え、固形として250mg/mlとなるよう調整した。
食用大豆白絞油1kgに、上記の湿潤体鉄−カゼイン複合体40mlを加え、TKホモミキサーで攪拌処理を行い鉄強化大豆油を製造した。この鉄強化大豆油においては、25℃で1カ月保存した後も大豆の戻り臭は認められなかった。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
従来、鉄化合物を食用油脂類へ配合することは、酸化安定性という点で困難であったが、本発明の鉄−カゼイン複合体を配合した鉄強化食用油脂類や鉄強化食用油脂類含有は、鉄化合物を含有しているにも拘わらず酸化安定性に優れており、しかも、鉄独特の収斂味もしないという特徴を有するものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a stable iron-enriched edible oil and fat and a food containing iron-enhanced edible oil and fat, which contains an iron-casein complex holding iron and is less deteriorated by iron.
The iron-enriched edible oils and fats and food containing iron-enhanced edible fats and oils of the present invention are stable with little deterioration of edible oils and fats during storage due to iron, and are useful as foods fortified with iron.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The amount of iron intake by Japanese people has been leveling off around 100% of the required rate since 1975, and iron is one of the nutrients that must be taken in the diet. It is said that there may be a shortage depending on gender and age (the current state of national nutrition in 1994). Since iron is difficult to absorb, it tends to cause frequent iron deficiency, while iron is difficult to excrete, so it often causes iron overload. Causes failure. Therefore, when taking iron, it is desired to take an appropriate amount of iron every meal and every occasion.
[0003]
With regard to the intake of iron, there is such a situation, and it is desired to provide various foods and basic foods fortified with iron. In particular, fortification of iron in foods containing edible fats and edible fats and oils has not been done so far, and is a field that is expected to be realized. This is because edible oils and fats are generally important because they determine the texture of the food, such as smooth mouthfeel, and are one of the most important factors in terms of flavor. is there.
[0004]
However, edible fats and oils have a big problem of deterioration. In other words, edible oils and fats deteriorate during storage and heat treatment, causing deterioration in flavor and off-flavor, and causing many diseases. Therefore, the edible fats and oils have no commercial value, and measures for preventing the deterioration of the edible fats and oils are indispensable for using the edible fats and oils. Factors that degrade edible fats and oils include the presence of light, air, minerals, etc. Among them, heavy metals such as copper, iron, manganese, and nickel promote deterioration of edible fats and oils. Therefore, it is thought that the process of removing metals is important in the refining technology of edible fats and oils. Also, among metals contained in foods, copper promotes the oxidation of edible oils and fats, followed by iron. Ferrous sulfate and iron citrate, which are commonly used to strengthen iron in foods. Inorganic iron such as promotes deterioration of edible fats and oils contained in food.
[0005]
Thus, it is in the present condition which cannot prevent deterioration of edible fats and oils by iron, and strengthening iron to edible fats and foods containing this has not been put into practical use at present.
An antioxidant based on a synergistic effect of condensed phosphate and tocopherol has also been proposed (Oil Chemical, vol.38, p.72, 1989). However, this method is not always satisfactory.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, it is known that the deterioration promoting action of iron on fats and oils is caused by radical generation due to decomposition of hydroperoxide and activation of molecular oxygen. That is, iron is involved in the first-stage radical generation reaction of auto-oxidation, and then the chain reaction of auto-oxidation of fats and oils proceeds.
[0007]
In order to provide iron-enriched edible fats and foods containing iron-enriched edible fats and oils, the present inventors prevent the deterioration of iron-enhanced edible fats and oils using edible fats and oils having the above-described problem of deterioration as raw materials. We have made extensive research on methods.
[0008]
On the other hand, it is conventionally known that the oxidation promoting action of minerals including iron can be reduced and eliminated by combining minerals with milk materials. And as a milk material, whey protein concentrate (WPC), casein, etc. are used. However, since the iron-bound milk material exhibits an astringent taste peculiar to iron, when this iron-bound milk material is blended with an oil-and-fat-containing food, the resulting product exhibits an iron astringent taste, which is problematic in terms of quality. For these reasons, it is difficult to mix and use iron-bound milk materials in food.
[0009]
Moreover, in order to inactivate a mineral, it is common to use an organic acid such as citric acid and malic acid and to utilize a chelating action. However, the effect of inhibiting mineral oxidation by this chelating action is insufficient, and it cannot be expected that a sufficient effect can be obtained by using it alone.
[0010]
Therefore, as a result of studying a method for reducing the oxidation promoting action by iron, the present inventors have blended carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate-iron-casein complex into edible fats and oils, thereby deteriorating edible fats and oils. It has been found that the oxidative stability equivalent to that of edible fats and oils not containing iron can be secured by suppressing the promoting action. In the same manner, the present inventors have found that a stable iron-fortified edible oil and fat food can be obtained, and have completed the present invention. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide stable edible fats and oils that are iron-reinforced and less deteriorated by iron during storage. Another object of the present invention is to provide a stable iron-enriched edible fat-containing food that is iron-strengthened and that is less deteriorated by iron during storage.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate-iron-casein complex is used as the iron compound for iron strengthening. This carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate-iron caseins complex contains 1 to 100 atoms of iron and 3,000 to 120,000 molecules of carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate per casein molecule. For example, carbonate ions and / or It can be obtained by mixing a solution containing bicarbonate ions with a solution containing caseins and iron ions. And although it contains iron in a high proportion, it has the characteristic that there is no astringent taste unique to iron, so even if it is blended with edible oils and foods containing edible oils, the flavor and texture are not impaired . Further, since this carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate-iron-casein complex has heat resistance, it is not denatured even when subjected to heat treatment such as sterilization or dissolution, and further, the oxidation promoting action is suppressed. It has the feature of being. This carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate-iron-casein complex is obtained by binding iron to casein via carbonic acid or bicarbonate, and contains 1 to 100 atoms of iron per molecule of casein. And carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate-iron-casein complex containing 3,000 to 120,000 molecules of carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-77793, Japanese Patent Application No. 9-87377, Japanese Patent Application No. 9) -87378).
[0012]
Caseins in the present invention are casein, acid casein, sodium caseinate, lactate casein, α-casein, β-casein, κ-casein and the like separated from the secretion of milk from mammals such as humans and cows. These decomposition products are also included. As for the caseins, many methods for separating them in large quantities are already known, but they may be separated by any method. Moreover, what was produced from microorganisms, an animal cell, or a transgenic animal by gene manipulation may be used. Moreover, the degradation product can be obtained by allowing a protease to act on caseins.
[0013]
To these caseins, via ferric carbonate or bicarbonate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, iron lactate, iron citrate, sodium ferrous citrate, ammonium iron citrate, ferrous pyrophosphate, By blending carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate-iron-casein complex combined with iron compounds such as ferric pyrophosphate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate in edible fats and oils , Stable edible fats and oils can be obtained. In addition, when producing foods such as margarine, butter and infant formula, this iron-enriched edible fat or oil is used, or carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate-iron-casein complex is added to the raw material containing edible fat and oil Thus, iron is strengthened, and a stable iron-reinforced edible oil-containing food containing less fat deterioration due to iron during storage can be obtained.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate-iron-casein complex (hereinafter referred to as iron-casein complex) is blended with edible fats and oils to obtain stable iron-reinforced edible fats and oils. The edible oils and fats that can be blended with the iron-casein complex in the present invention are not particularly limited, such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, olive oil, corn oil, perilla oil, evening primrose oil, etc. By adding an iron-casein complex to animal oils such as vegetable oils, fish oils, milk fats, and pork fats, stable iron-enriched edible fats and oils can be obtained.
[0015]
Moreover, in this invention, an iron-casein complex is mix | blended with an edible fat and oil containing foodstuff, and an iron reinforced edible fat and oil containing foodstuff is obtained. The stable iron-enriched edible oil-and-fat-containing food of the present invention can be applied to any food containing fats and oils, but is particularly applicable to margarine, butter, dressing, cream, infant formula, etc. It is also possible to obtain a food containing iron-enriched edible fats and oils by using a stable iron-enriched edible fats and oils pre-blended with an iron-casein complex as a raw material. An iron-casein complex may be blended with a food containing fats and oils to obtain an iron-enriched edible fat and oils-containing food.
[0016]
In addition, this invention can be used also when manufacturing the iron-enriched vitamin which strengthened iron to fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D, etc. Foods can also be provided.
[0017]
In the present invention, the amount of iron-casein complex to be blended in edible fats and foods containing edible fats and oils is not particularly limited, and the iron-casein complex may be blended in an amount physically possible. For example, 100 to 500 g of an iron-casein complex can be added to 1 kg of edible fats and oils, but considering the dispersibility of the iron-casein complex in edible fats and oils, edible fats and oils can be used. The amount of the iron-casein complex is preferably 100 g or less per 1 kg of the kind. Of course, taking into account that excessive intake of iron must be avoided, it is necessary to determine the blending amount of these iron-casein complexes into edible fats and oils.
[0018]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and the like.
[Reference Example 1]
After preparing 1 l (A solution) containing 1.2 mol sodium bicarbonate and 10 micromol α-casein (Sigma) and 1 l (B solution) containing 1.0 mmol iron sulfate as iron ions, The solution B was added to the solution A to prepare an iron-casein complex. Then, this iron-casein complex solution was desalted and concentrated with an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight of 5,000 cut, and then freeze-dried to obtain 150 mg of an iron-casein complex.
[0019]
[Reference Example 2]
50 l solution containing 1.5 molar sodium carbonate and adjusted to pH 8.0 with hydrochloric acid (A solution), 10 l solution containing 50.0 mmol iron citrate as iron ions (B1 solution), 40 l solution containing 0.5 mmol sodium caseinate (B2 After the solution (B) was prepared, the solution B1 and the solution B2 were mixed, and the solution A was added to the mixed solution to prepare an iron-casein complex. Then, this iron-casein complex solution was desalted and concentrated with an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight of 5,000 cut, and then freeze-dried to obtain 9.8 g of an iron-casein complex.
[0020]
[Test Example 1]
Fish oil was prepared by mixing the iron-casein complex prepared in Reference Example 1 with fish oil and dispersing it with an ultradisperser (Sample 2), and an oil forced deterioration test of this fish oil was performed. In addition, fish oil without added iron-casein complex was used as a reference product (sample 1), and further, fish oil containing ferric chloride hexahydrate dispersed as an iron compound in an ultradisperser was used as a comparative product (sample). 3) The same forced oil deterioration test was conducted.
The stability of the prepared fats and oils against the auto-oxidation is evaluated according to the CDM test (Japan Oil Chemical Society standard oil analysis method Cd2.4.28.2-93). The length of the induction period was measured and oxidative stability was evaluated. That is, the longer the oxidation induction period, the higher the oxidation stability.
[0021]
In this test example, the following samples were prepared and tested at a measurement temperature of 80 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
Sample 1: Fish oil 6,000mg
Sample 2: fish oil 6,000mg + iron-casein complex 60mg
Sample 3: Fish oil 6,000mg + Ferric chloride hexahydrate 14.6mg (corresponding to iron content of sample 2)
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004010608
[0023]
According to this, the fish oil mixed with ferric chloride hexahydrate showed severe deterioration immediately after the start of the test. However, the fish oil blended with the iron-casein complex did not change the degree of deterioration from the sample without the iron compound added.
In addition, a sample similar to the sample subjected to the forced oil deterioration test was stored in an oven at 40 ° C., and the peroxide value (POV) was measured by sampling over time. It was seen. Therefore, the deterioration of the fish oil containing the iron-casein complex is suppressed over a wide temperature range.
[0024]
[Test Example 2]
Soybean oil prepared by dispersing the iron-casein complex prepared in Reference Example 2 in soybean oil with an ultradisperser was prepared (Sample 2), and an oil forced deterioration test of this soybean oil was performed. In addition, soybean oil with no added iron-casein complex is used as a reference product (Sample 1), and ferric chloride hexahydrate dispersed as an iron compound in an ultradisperser is used as a comparative product. (Sample 3) was subjected to a similar oil forced deterioration test. In this test example, the following samples were prepared, and the same test as test example 1 was performed at a measurement temperature of 120 ° C. The results are shown in Table 2.
Sample 1: Soybean oil 6,000mg
Sample 2: soybean oil 6,000 mg + iron-casein complex 60 mg
Sample 3: Soybean oil 6,000mg + Ferric chloride hexahydrate 14.6mg (corresponding to iron content of sample 2)
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004010608
[0026]
According to this, in the soybean oil blended with ferric chloride hexahydrate, severe deterioration was observed immediately after the start of the test. However, the soybean oil blended with the iron-casein complex did not change the degree of deterioration from the sample without the iron compound added.
Further, a sample similar to the sample subjected to the oil forced deterioration test was stored in an oven at 40 ° C., sampled over time, and POV was measured. The same tendency as in the oil forced deterioration test was observed. Therefore, the deterioration of soybean oil containing the iron-casein complex is suppressed over a wide temperature range.
[0027]
[Example 1]
10 kg of edible soybean white squeezed oil is mixed with 10 g of the iron-casein complex obtained by the method shown in Reference Example 2, and stirred with a TK homomixer to disperse to produce iron-reinforced edible soybean white squeezed oil. did. In this iron-enriched edible soybean white squeezed oil, no return odor of soybean was observed even after storage at 25 ° C. for 1 month.
[0028]
[Reference Example 3]
According to a conventional method, an iron-casein conjugate was prepared. That is, after adding 200 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate to a solution obtained by dissolving 1 kg of sodium caseinate in 20 l of water, the pH of this solution was adjusted to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide, An iron-casein conjugate was prepared by performing a heat treatment for 5 minutes. Then, the iron-casein conjugate solution was concentrated and spray-dried to obtain 740 g of an iron-casein conjugate.
[0029]
[Example 2]
According to the recipe shown in Table 3, iron-reinforced margarine containing the iron-casein complex obtained by the method shown in Reference Example 2 was produced.
[0030]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004010608
[0031]
Further, instead of the iron-casein complex, margarine (comparative product 1) containing an iron-casein conjugate obtained by the method shown in Reference Example 3 and margarine containing ferric chloride hexahydrate. (Comparative product 2) was manufactured, and further, margarine containing no iron compound was also manufactured, and an oil forced deterioration test of these margarines was performed.
The evaluation of the stability of margarine against auto-oxidation is based on the AOM test (Japan Oil Chemical Society standard oil analysis method Cd2.4.28.1-81). Sex was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0032]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004010608
[0033]
According to this, it can be seen that in the margarine of the comparative product 2 containing ferric chloride hexahydrate, the oxidation stability is remarkably lowered. In addition, it can be seen that the oxidative stability is also lowered in the comparative product 1 margarine in which an iron-casein conjugate obtained by binding iron to casein is blended. However, in the margarine of the present invention in which the iron-casein complex was blended, the degree of deterioration was not different from that of the margarine to which no iron compound was added as a control product. In addition, in the margarine of the present invention blended with the iron-casein complex, it was confirmed that there was little production of an oil return odor, and an iron-reinforced margarine with a good flavor could be produced.
[0034]
[Example 3]
In accordance with the formulation shown in Table 5, infant formula (product of the present invention) containing the iron-casein complex obtained by the method shown in Reference Example 2 was produced.
[0035]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004010608
[0036]
In place of the iron-casein complex, infant formula containing the iron-casein conjugate obtained by the method shown in Reference Example 3 (Comparative product 1) and ferric chloride hexahydrate The infant formula (comparative product 2) was produced, and infant formula without addition of iron compound was also produced, and the preservation test of these infant formulas was conducted.
In the preservation test of infant formula, the oxidation stability was evaluated by measuring the number of days when POV reached 5. That is, the produced infant formula was stored in an oven at 37 ° C. and sampled over time, and the sampled sample was extracted with oil to measure POV. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0037]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004010608
[0038]
According to this, it turns out that the oxidation stability is remarkably reduced in the infant formula milk of comparative product 2 containing ferric chloride hexahydrate. Moreover, it turns out that oxidation stability is falling also in the milk powder for the childcare of the comparative product 1 which mix | blended the iron-casein conjugate | bonded_body which combined iron with casein. However, in the infant formula of the present invention containing the iron-casein complex, the degree of deterioration was not different from that of the infant formula without the iron compound added as a control product. In addition, in the infant formula of the present invention containing the iron-casein complex, it has been confirmed that there is little production of return odor of oil, and iron-enriched infant formula with good flavor can be produced. It was.
[0039]
[Example 4]
A solution containing 1.5 molar sodium carbonate and adjusted to pH 8.0 with hydrochloric acid (solution A), 40 l (B1 solution) containing 50.0 mmol iron citrate as iron ions, 40 l (B2 solution containing 0.5 mmol sodium caseinate) Solution), the B1 solution and the B2 solution were mixed, and the solution A was added to the mixed solution to prepare an iron / casein complex. Then, this iron-casein complex solution was desalted and concentrated under reduced pressure with an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight of 5,000 cut. Water was added to adjust the solid to 250 mg / ml.
To 1 kg of edible soybean white squeezed oil, 40 ml of the above wet body iron-casein complex was added, and stirred with a TK homomixer to produce iron-reinforced soybean oil. In this iron-enriched soybean oil, no return odor of soybean was observed even after storage at 25 ° C. for 1 month.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
Conventionally, it has been difficult to blend iron compounds into edible fats and oils in terms of oxidation stability, but iron-reinforced edible fats and iron-reinforced edible fats and oils containing the iron-casein complex of the present invention are not included. Although it contains an iron compound, it has excellent oxidative stability and does not have a characteristic astringent taste unique to iron.

Claims (3)

カゼイン類1分子当り、鉄を1〜100原子、炭酸及び/又は重炭酸を3,000〜120,000分子含有する炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄−カゼイン類複合体を食用油脂類に配合した、鉄による劣化の少ない安定な鉄強化食用油脂類。Deterioration due to iron by mixing carbon dioxide and / or bicarbonate-iron-casein complex containing 1 to 100 atoms of iron and 3,000 to 120,000 molecules of carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate per molecule of casein Stable iron-enriched edible fats and oils with low content. カゼイン類1分子当り、鉄を1〜100原子、炭酸及び/又は重炭酸を3,000〜120,000分子含有する炭酸及び/又は重炭酸−鉄−カゼイン類複合体を食用油脂類含有食品に配合した、鉄による劣化の少ない安定な鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品。Iron containing 1 to 100 atoms of iron and 3,000 to 120,000 molecules of carbonic acid and / or bicarbonate per molecule of casein compounded in edible oils and fats-containing foods A stable iron-enriched edible fat and oil-containing food that is less susceptible to deterioration by aging. 食品が、マーガリン、バター又は育児用粉乳である請求項2記載の鉄強化食用油脂類含有食品。  The iron-enriched edible oil / fat-containing food according to claim 2, wherein the food is margarine, butter or infant formula.
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