JP3995246B2 - Dry wipe sheet - Google Patents

Description

【００３１】
(1)試験（その１）は、柄の付いた掃除治具にシートを取付け、髪の毛１０本、埃を撒き、５往復させて何本とれたかを確認する。評価基準は、◎：7/10〜10/10、○：4/10〜6/10、△：1/10〜3/10、×：0/10、とした。
【００３２】
(2)試験（その２）は、水１０cc吸収後に、髪の毛２５本と埃を撒き、５往復させて何本とれたかを確認した後、５回振り何本落ちたかを確認した。評価基準は、◎：20/25〜25/25、○：20/25〜25/25取れるが振ると落ちる、△：10/25〜19/25、×：0/25〜9/25又は10/25〜19/25取れるが振ると落ちる、とした。
【００３３】
(3)試験（その３）は、床に２ccの水を落とし、５往復させて床の拭き取り後の状態を確認する。評価基準は、◎：拭き後が残らない、○：拭き後がやや残る、△：残る、×：水分がほとんど取れていない、とした。
【００３４】
上記試験（その１）〜（その３）について、上記実施例１〜３に係る拭き取りシートについて試験を行うとともに、他社製品Ａ、Ｂ（比較例１，２）と、PET100％（坪量：65g/m^２）の単層シート（比較例３）、レーヨン／ＰＥＴが４０：６０の単層シート（比較例４）についても比較例として試験を行った。その試験結果を下表２に示す。
【００３５】
【表２】

【００３６】
〔実施例２〕
本実施例２では、上記実施例１〜３、比較例１〜４について、液体拡散性、液体透過性、ウェットバック率について試験を行った。
【００３７】
液体拡散性試験は、水２ccを吸収させて１分後の拡散面積を測定した。評価基準は、◎：10000mm²以上、○：5000〜9999mm²、△：1000〜4999mm²、×：0〜999mm²、とした。
【００３８】
液体透過性試験は、シートを広げ常温に放置しておいた水（水温21℃）を２cm間隔で１滴づつ計１０滴垂らし、１０滴垂らした後から、１０点すべてが吸収されるまでの時間を測定した。評価基準は、◎：１秒以内、○：５秒以内、△：１０秒以内、×：１０秒以上、とした。
【００３９】
ウェットバック率が前述した試験方法とし、評価基準は◎：１０％以内、○：１０〜２０％、△：２１〜５０％、×：５０〜１００％、とした。
【００４０】
以上の試験結果を下表３に示す。
【００４１】
【表３】

【００４２】
【発明の効果】
以上詳説のとおり本発明によれば、床面等にこぼれた水分を効果的に拭き取りでき、かつ拭き取り後においても埃や毛髪等の拭き取り能力を低下させることのない乾式拭き取り用シートを得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明に係る乾式拭き取りシート１の横断面図である。
【図２】 乾式拭き取りシートの他例を示す横断面図である。
【図３】 ウェットバック率の測定要領を示す図である。
【図４】 拭き取り用シート１の重畳構造（２つ折り）を示す断面図である。
【図５】 拭き取り用シート１の重畳構造（３つ折り）を示す断面図である。
【図６】 拭き取り用シート１の重畳構造（３つ折り）を示す断面図である。
【図７】 拭き取り用シート１を収容する略直方体状の箱を示す斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
１…拭き取り用シート、２…中間層、３…上面層、４…下面層、５…収容箱[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, you are possible to wipe clean without trace wiping liquid, about the sheet for any Kiyoshi拭能force when wiping the liquid wiping dry does not decrease.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a wiping sheet has been provided for wiping off fine dust such as flooring, dust on a shelf surface, and hair in a general house. This wiping sheet is used by being detachably mounted on a sheet mounting plate that is swingably attached to the tip of a rod-shaped handle, or used as a wipe by holding it directly in the hand. Generally, it is roughly classified into a wet type used by being wet and a dry type used in a dry state.
[0003]
As the latter dry type, for example, as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below, a non-woven fabric in which hydrophobic fibers are entangled or a thermoplastic hydrophobic synthetic fiber is heat-sealed to form. Most of them are composed of a single layer structure having a relatively low basis weight or a nonwoven fabric of about two layers.
[0004]
Further, in recent years, in addition to the function of wiping dust and the like, in order to be able to be used effectively for wiping water or spilled water, the following patent document 3 describes that both sides of a web made of hydrophilic fibers are made of synthetic fibers. A cleaning sheet in which fiber webs are laminated and the both layers are integrated in an entangled state by a spunlace method or a needle punch method is proposed, and the following Patent Document 4 contains 50% by weight or more of hydrophilic fibers. In addition, at least one surface of the hydrophilic fiber layer having an average fiber length of less than 20 mm constituting the fibers contains 50% by weight or more of split-type composite fibers, and the average fiber length of the constituent fibers is from 30 to 100 mm. A fiber web is formed by laminating ultrafine fiber layers, and the fiber web is integrated by performing needle punching or high-pressure fluid flow treatment, so that it can be wet or dry. Usable nonwoven fabrics for wiping have been proposed.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-14860 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-9-131288 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-9-276193 [Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-190469
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In Patent Documents 3 and 4, both are provided with a hydrophilic fiber as an intermediate layer, so that even when wiping with a dry wipe, wiping with water or spilled water is possible. Certainly, it is possible to absorb liquid by providing a layer with a water absorption function, but the wiping performance after wiping off moisture will deteriorate, effectively transferring dust and hair to the wiping sheet side. There was a problem that could not.
[0007]
Also, when wiping water, depending on the amount of liquid, the liquid may not be completely absorbed on the sheet side by one wiping, and water lines may be formed by wiping on the floor, etc. There are also problems such as the need for water, that is, the ability to wipe off moisture is low.
[0008]
Therefore, the main problem of the present invention relates to a wiping sheet used in a dry process, which can effectively wipe off moisture spilled on the floor surface, etc., and does not decrease the wiping ability of dust, hair, etc. even after wiping. It is to provide a sheet for wiping.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have made various studies. As a result, in the wiping sheet, the intermediate layer is mainly composed of hydrophilic fibers containing pulp so that moisture can be effectively absorbed. And a layer made of 100% hydrophilic fiber, and moisture does not exist in the surface side layer (referred to the use side of the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer) after absorbing moisture. Was found to be an important factor affecting the wiping performance thereafter. In reality, the water content in the surface layer cannot be reduced to 0, but as an index value, when the weight of 0.8 g / cm ² is loaded, the amount of wet back, that is, the filter paper is piled up after moisture absorption of the wiping sheet. If the amount of moisture transferred to the filter paper is 20% or less, preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less of the total water absorption, it has almost the same wiping property after moisture absorption as before moisture absorption. I got the knowledge. The present invention has been made based on this finding.
[0010]
Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention according to claim 1 is a wiping sheet used in a dry state, wherein the wiping sheet is an intermediate layer and an upper surface layer laminated on both sides of the intermediate layer. And the intermediate layer is a layer mainly composed of hydrophilic fibers containing at least pulp or 100% hydrophilic fibers containing pulp, and the upper layer and the lower layer are heat-crimped. A layer in which the polyester fiber and the rayon are blended in a ratio of 3 to 6: 7 to 4 is used, and the basis weight of each layer is 10 to 25 g / m ² , and the intermediate layer, the upper surface layer, and the lower surface Each layer is integrated by entanglement with the needle punch or spunlace method.
The wiping sheet is a dry wiping sheet characterized in that the moisture transfer amount to the filter paper when the weight of 0.8 g / cm ² is loaded is 20% or less of the total moisture absorption amount after the moisture absorption. Is provided.
[0011]
As the present invention according to claim 2, wherein the intermediate layer is dry wiping sheet according to claim 1, wherein in 100% layer pulp fibers. Is provided.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a dry wiping sheet 1 according to the present invention.
[0013]
A wiping sheet 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes an intermediate layer 2, and an upper surface layer 3 and a lower surface layer 4 respectively laminated on both surfaces of the intermediate layer 2, and the intermediate layer 2 includes at least a pulp-containing hydrophilic fiber. And the upper layer 3 and the lower layer 4 are made of at least 10% by weight, preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more hydrophobic fibers. It is a layer containing. In the intermediate layer 2, the “layer mainly composed of hydrophilic fibers” means containing 80% by weight or more of hydrophilic fibers.
[0014]
In the dry wiping sheet 1 according to the present invention, as its functional physical property value, the wiping sheet 1 is stacked with filter paper after moisture absorption, and the amount of liquid transferred to the filter paper when a weight of 0.8 g / cm ² is loaded. The total water absorption is 20% or less, preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less (hereinafter, this value is referred to as a wetback rate). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the wet-back rate is measured by spreading the sheet 10, dropping 3 drops (0.123 g) using a dropper 11, and leaving it for 1 minute. Next, the filter paper 12 whose weight has been measured is placed under the sheet 10, and a weight of 0.8 g / cm ² is loaded on the upper surface of the sheet 10 for 10 seconds, and then the weight of the filter paper 12 is measured to measure the weight difference. This weight difference is the amount of liquid transferred to the filter paper, and the wet back rate is obtained by dividing the total moisture by 100 and multiplying it by 100.
[0015]
The intermediate layer 2 is a layer that functions as a water absorption layer and a water retention layer, and natural fibers such as cotton or pulp, regenerated fibers such as rayon and cupra, and the like can be used. Among these fiber groups, it is most preferable to use pulp fibers as the main component or a water absorbent paper layer of 100% pulp fibers. Alternatively, it is desirable that the pulp layer is not cotton-like (fluff pulp) but a sheet-like one having a high density in terms of water absorption speed and water retention.
[0016]
Examples of the pulp fibers include ordinary pulp fibers, for example, softwood or hardwood chemical pulp, semi-chemical pulp, and wood pulp such as mechanical pulp, as well as mercerized pulp made into an elliptical shape by alkali treatment, and modified with a crosslinking agent. Crimp pulp or the like can be used. In addition, softwood pulp is more preferable in terms of function and price than hardwood pulp. Basis weight 20 to 40 g / ^{m 2,} preferably it is desirable to 25 to 35 g / ^{m 2.} When the basis weight is less than 20 g / m ² , the water absorption capacity, particularly the water retention performance is lowered, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the basis weight exceeds 40 g / m ² , the water-absorbing capacity becomes excessive as a dry wiping sheet, and the thickness of the sheet increases, resulting in excessive bulk.
[0017]
On the other hand, the upper surface layer 3 and the lower surface layer 4 are layers containing at least 10% by weight, preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more hydrophobic fibers, and have a certain degree of water repellency. A layer containing at least 10% by weight or more, preferably 40% by weight or more of hydrophilic fibers in order to absorb and retain water that does not reach the intermediate layer 2 when spilled liquid is wiped. It is.
[0018]
Examples of the hydrophobic fibers include polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl alcohol, single fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate / polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate / polypropylene, polypropylene / polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate- A core-sheath type composite fiber or an eccentric core-sheath type composite fiber in which a sheath part composed of an ethylene / propylene copolymer, a low melting point polyester-polyester or the like has a relatively low melting point, or polyethylene terephthalate / polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate / nylon, Split-type composite fiber or polyethylene terf with part of each component made of polypropylene / polyethylene exposed on the surface Rate / ethylene - by thermal contraction of one component made of propylene copolymer may be used such as heat splittable conjugate fiber to be split. The fineness of the hydrophobic fiber is not particularly limited, but is desirably 0.8 to 1.4 dtex.
[0019]
Among these, it is desirable to use a polyester fiber. By using a polyester fiber, a non-woven fabric with improved stiffness and bulk can be obtained. Moreover, when a part of hydrophobic fiber is exposed on the nonwoven fabric surface, when the moisture is wiped off, the sticky feeling is alleviated and a dry feel is imparted. Moreover, the said polyester fiber can also use what has heat crimpability. In order to give heat crimpability, the polyester fiber is formed as a side-by-side type composite fiber in which synthetic resins having different heat shrinkage temperatures are bonded together. The melting point of the polyester fiber is 255 ° C. for polyethylene terephthalate and 215 ° C. for polybutylene terephthalate. As the low melting point resin to be bonded to the polyester fiber, a resin substantially the same as the melting point temperature of the above-mentioned heat-fusible fiber is used. The polyester fiber is crimped by heat treatment to impart bulkiness. By using crimped fibers, dust and hair can be captured more effectively by entanglement.
[0020]
On the other hand, as the hydrophilic fiber, natural fiber such as cotton or pulp, regenerated fiber such as rayon and cupra, synthetic fiber such as acrylic, and the like can be used. Of these, rayon is most preferable. Rayon is rich in water absorption and is easy to handle, and a certain length of fiber can be obtained at low cost.
[0021]
Each of the upper surface layer 3 and the lower surface layer 4 has a basis weight of 10 to 25 g / m ² , preferably 15 to 20 g / m ² . When the basis weight is less than 10 g / m ² , the layer thickness for wiping off dust and hair becomes substantially too thin to obtain the desired wiping performance. In addition, when the basis weight exceeds 25 g / m ² , the layer thickness is large, and when the moisture is wiped off, the moisture is not easily reached by the hydrophilic fibers of the upper surface layer 3 or the lower surface layer 4. This is not preferable in terms of the wet-back performance described later. When the upper surface layer 3 and the lower surface layer 4 are fiber layers made of two types of fibers, polyester fibers and rayon, the polyester fibers and rayon are 1 to 6: 9 to 4, preferably 3 to 6: It is desirable that they are blended at a ratio of 7-4.
[0022]
It is desirable that the intermediate layer 2, the upper surface layer 3, and the lower surface layer 4 be joined together by tangling fibers by projecting high-pressure water flow to form an integral sheet. By the high-pressure jetted water flow, the pulp layer of the intermediate layer 2 becomes a medium layer for bonding the front and back surfaces layers, and the nonwoven fabric layers on the front and back surfaces can be bonded together. When bonding each fiber layer of the wiping sheet, heat-fusible fibers such as polyethylene and polypropylene are mixed in the fibers, and the fibers are entangled three-dimensionally with a high-pressure water flow, and then heat is applied. There is also a method for strengthening the bonding of the respective layers by fusing the heat-fusible fibers. However, in the case of a dry wiping sheet, the sheet becomes too hard, and the heat-fusible part has moisture. Therefore, it is desirable not to perform heat fusion between fibers.
[0023]
As in the case of the wiping sheet 1 shown in FIG. 2, when forming irregularities on the surface layer, the upper surface layer 3, the intermediate layer 2, The lower layer 4 is laminated in this order, and a high-pressure water stream is jetted from above the fiber web during conveyance so that the fibers are entangled. At this time, the fiber in the portion of the wire mesh where the wire exists is pushed to the both sides of the wire by the collision energy of the high-pressure water flow and moved to the opening side, so that the fiber portion of the mesh opening portion has a relatively high fiber density. While becoming higher, it becomes convex according to the shape of the opening, while the portion where the wire is present has a relatively low fiber density and a concave shape is formed along the wire.
[0024]
The concavo-convex pattern formed on the upper surface layer 3 is such that the high-density region and the low-density region of the fiber are substantially uniformly present in a ratio of 3 to 7: 7 to 3, and the high-density region and the low-density region are: It is desirable to make it the pattern which exists alternately or repeatedly with respect to the two plane directions of a wiping sheet, for example with respect to two orthogonal directions. Temporarily, in the case of a unidirectional pattern in which the convex portion and the concave portion are continuous in parallel, when wiping the moisture along the direction of the convex portion and the concave portion, a wiping residue is generated and a water streak is formed. The water cannot be wiped cleanly unless it is wiped multiple times. More desirably, a part of the hydrophilic fibers constituting the intermediate layer 2 is exposed to the outside in the low density region. Since the intermediate layer 2 is exposed to the outside, it is possible to quickly absorb and retain moisture in the intermediate layer 2.
[0025]
The above-mentioned dry wiping sheet 1 is folded as a set of two sheets, accommodated in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped storage box 5 as shown in FIG. 7, and provided as a floor cleaning product. An extraction port 5a is formed on the upper surface of the storage box 5, and when the uppermost wiping sheet 1 is taken out during use, a part of the wiping sheet 1 protrudes from the outlet 5a so that the next wiping sheet 1 can be easily taken out. In other words, a so-called pop-up method is employed. Reference numeral 6 denotes a film for preventing entry of dust and the like.
[0026]
As the overlapping structure of the wiping sheet 1, there are three folds (Z fold or deformed Z fold) in addition to the general two folds adopted in box-type tissue paper and the like. As shown in FIG. 4, the two-fold overlapping structure is such that each wiping sheet 1 is folded in approximately half with the fold as the approximate center line, and the wiping sheets 1 are alternately opposed to each other and overlapped on the upper side. The wiping sheet 1 has a superposed structure in which the lower part 1a and the upper part 1b of the wiping sheet 1 superimposed on the lower side are sequentially superposed. The tri-fold is a superposed structure mainly used for wet tissues and the like. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, each wiping sheet 1 is folded with a substantially central part as a fold, and one of the two folded pieces. In the side piece, the front end side is folded back to the opposite side with the substantially central portion as a crease, and the cross section is folded into an unequal side Z shape, and the longest side portion of each surface constituting the unequal side Z shape is The upper portion 1b, the middle adjacent to the upper portion being the middle portion 1c, and the rest being the lower portion 1d, the almost half of the top portion 1b of the upper portion 1b of the wiping sheet 1 superimposed on the lower side is superimposed on the upper side. The overlapping structure in which the wiping sheets 1, 1... Are sequentially stacked while being sandwiched between the upper part 1b and the middle part 1c of the wiping sheet 1 and FIG. As shown, the first wiping sheet 1 folded in about half with the center line as the crease, and the second wiping sheet 1 ′ whose outer portion is folded back to the opposite surface side to have a Z-shaped cross section are laminated. A lower folded portion 1g and an intermediate portion that are alternately arranged in the direction and in which the substantially half of the upper end portion 1b of the first wiping sheet 1 forms a cross-sectional Z shape of the second wiping sheet 1 ′ An upper folded portion 1e and an intermediate portion 1f that are sandwiched between 1f and the lower end portion 1a of the first wiping sheet 1 has a substantially Z-shaped cross section of the second wiping sheet 1 ′. An overlapping structure that is sequentially stacked while being sandwiched between the two can be given.
[0027]
[Other examples]
(1) Although the spunlace method using a high-pressure water flow is adopted in the above embodiment, the layers may be joined by a needle punch method in which fibers are entangled by inserting / removing hook-shaped needles.
[0028]
【Example】
[Example 1]
The features of this dry wiping sheet are (1) high wiping performance of dust and hair in dry condition, and (2) wiping performance of dust and hair even if it absorbs moisture and becomes wet. It is high and (3) the wetback rate after absorbing moisture is small.
[0029]
Therefore, in the present Example 1, it verified about the wipeability of each of these items. Three types of wiping sheets according to the present invention were prepared. The structures of these wiping sheets are as shown in Table 1.
[0030]
[Table 1]

[0031]
(1) In test (1), a sheet is attached to a cleaning jig with a handle, and 10 hairs, dust is scattered, and 5 reciprocations are made to check how many are removed. The evaluation criteria were as follows: ◎: 7/10 to 10/10, ○: 4/10 to 6/10, △: 1/10 to 3/10, ×: 0/10.
[0032]
(2) In test (No. 2), after absorbing 10 cc of water, 25 hairs and dust were sprinkled, and after 5 reciprocations were confirmed, how many were removed, 5 were swung 5 times to confirm how many were dropped. Evaluation criteria are: ◎: 20 / 25-25 / 25, ○: 20 / 25-25 / 25 can be taken but falls when shaken, △: 10 / 25-19 / 25, X: 0 / 25-9 / 25 or 10 / 25 ~ 19/25 can be taken, but it will fall if shaken.
[0033]
(3) In the test (No. 3), 2cc of water is dropped on the floor, and the state after wiping the floor is confirmed by making 5 reciprocations. The evaluation criteria were as follows: ◎: No wiping remained, ◯: Some remaining after wiping, △: Remaining, ×: Moisture was hardly removed.
[0034]
About the said test (the 1)-(the 3), while testing about the wiping sheet which concerns on the said Examples 1-3, other company's products A and B (comparative examples 1 and 2), and PET100% (basis weight: 65g) / m ² ) single layer sheet (Comparative Example 3) and rayon / PET 40:60 single layer sheet (Comparative Example 4) were also tested as comparative examples. The test results are shown in Table 2 below.
[0035]
[Table 2]

[0036]
[Example 2]
In the present Example 2, about the said Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, it tested about liquid diffusibility, liquid permeability, and wet-back rate.
[0037]
In the liquid diffusivity test, 2 cc of water was absorbed and the diffusion area after 1 minute was measured. The evaluation criteria, ◎: 10000mm ² or ^{more, ○: 5000~9999mm 2, △:} 1000~4999mm 2, ×: 0~999mm 2, was.
[0038]
In the liquid permeability test, 10 drops of water (water temperature 21 ° C.), which was left at room temperature with the sheet expanded, were dropped every 2 cm, and after 10 drops were dropped, all 10 points were absorbed. Time was measured. Evaluation criteria were as follows: A: within 1 second, ○: within 5 seconds, Δ: within 10 seconds, x: over 10 seconds.
[0039]
The wet back rate was the test method described above, and the evaluation criteria were ◎: within 10%, ◯: 10-20%, Δ: 21-50%, x: 50-100%.
[0040]
The above test results are shown in Table 3 below.
[0041]
[Table 3]

[0042]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a dry wiping sheet that can effectively wipe off moisture spilled on the floor surface and the like, and does not reduce the wiping ability of dust, hair, etc. even after wiping. it can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a dry wipe 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a dry wipe sheet.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a measuring procedure of a wetback rate.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a superimposed structure (two-folded) of a wiping sheet 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a superimposed structure (three-fold) of the wiping sheet 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a superimposed structure (tri-fold) of the wiping sheet 1;
7 is a perspective view showing a substantially rectangular parallelepiped box that accommodates the wiping sheet 1. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wiping sheet | seat, 2 ... Intermediate | middle layer, 3 ... Upper surface layer, 4 ... Lower surface layer, 5 ... Storage box

Claims (2)

A wiping sheet used in a dry state, the wiping sheet comprising an intermediate layer and an upper surface layer and a lower surface layer respectively laminated on both surfaces of the intermediate layer, the intermediate layer having at least a pulp-containing hydrophilic property It is a fiber-based layer or a layer of 100% hydrophilic fiber containing pulp, and the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer are heat-crimped polyester fibers and rayon in a ratio of 3-6: 7-4. In addition to the blended layers, the basis weight of each layer is 10 to 25 g / m ² , and the intermediate layer, the upper surface layer, and the lower surface layer are integrated by tangling each other by needle punching or spunlace method. And
The wiping sheet is a dry wiping sheet characterized in that the moisture transfer amount to the filter paper when the weight of 0.8 g / cm ² is loaded is 20% or less of the total moisture absorption amount after the moisture absorption. . The intermediate layer dry wiping sheet according to claim 1, wherein in 100% layer pulp fibers.

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