JP3961789B2 - Heat-denatured flour and food materials and foods using the flour - Google Patents
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、懸濁液が高粘度を示す加熱変性小麦粉とそれを用いて製造される食品素材及び小麦粉食品に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在、加熱変性小麦粉(以下、変性粉という。)は、フライ用の各種バッター、天ぷら用の衣液、パンや菓子等の食感改良、各種ルウ等に幅広く利用されている。しかしながら、変性粉を用いるバッターや衣液製造においては、懸濁液の高粘度化、その安定性向上のためにグアガム、キサンタンガム等の増粘剤やアルファー化デンプン等が併用されており、コスト高となったり、製造時にままこが発生して調製時にトラブルが生じたりする問題があった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような状況から、特にフライ用のバッター製造においては、極力増粘剤やアルファー化デンプン等を併用しない変性粉のみによる高粘度で安定性の高いバッター製造が望まれている。しかしながら、現状では多糖類やデンプン等の増粘剤を使用したバッター製造技術が特開平13−125795号、特開平11−125号、特開平7−155127号、特開平7−75514号等に開示されている程度で、上記問題を解決するための十分な技術が確立されていない状況である。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本願発明者らは、上記の問題を解決するため、各種小麦粉品種、系統からの小麦粉について、加熱変性特性を詳細に鋭意研究した結果、特定の品種、系統の小麦粉から調製した変性粉からの懸濁液が顕著な高粘度と長時間の粘度安定性を示すことを発見し、本発明を完成した。即ち、遺伝的に変性粉懸濁液が高粘度を示す小麦粉を用い最適条件で加熱変性させることによって、ほとんどあるいは完全に粘度上昇のための増粘剤等を使用しないでバッターを調製できる変性粉を提供するものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明でいう変性粉とは、水分含量12%〜15%、好ましくは13%〜14%の小麦粉を80℃〜160℃で3分〜240分、好ましくは100℃〜140℃で10分〜50分加熱した小麦粉のことである。この範囲以下であれば変性懸濁液の粘度が十分に高くならず、逆に長過ぎるとタンパク質の変性等が進行しすぎて最適条件よりも懸濁液粘度が低下するという弊害がある。変性粉懸濁液が高粘度を示す小麦品種、系統としては、ホロシリコムギ、交配親にホロシリコムギを使用している独立行政法人農業技術研究機構北海道農業研究センター育成の品種、系統のキタノカオリ(種苗登録出願中)、札系187号、札系221号、月系9624号、月系9625号、月系9626号等が挙げられるが、どのような品種、系統からの小麦粉でも90℃、2時間加熱変性処理されて変性粉の31.5%懸濁液の粘度が800mPa・s以上、好ましくは1000mPa・s以上を示すものであれば、本発明の変性粉用小麦粉に包含される。
【0006】
また、詳細な検討から、変性粉懸濁液が高粘性を示す小麦粉は、小麦粉中のペントサン含量が高い傾向を示すことが明らかになっている。小麦粉中のペントサン含量としては、1.1%以上、好ましくは1.3%以上である。ペントサン含量が高い小麦粉が変性粉特性が良好である理由の詳細は不明であるが、小麦粉中の非デンプン性多糖類の代表であるペントサンは多量の水を吸収することが知らされていることから、このことが変性粉懸濁液の高粘度に関係していると考えられる。
【0007】
特定の品種、系統からの小麦粉のみ変性粉懸濁液の粘度(以上、変性粉粘度)が高くなる理由については、詳細は不明であるが、ホロシリコムギを交配親に使用している系統がほとんど高粘度を示すこと、特性良好な小麦粉中のペントサン含量が高い傾向を示すことから、変性粉特性について、遺伝的な要因が関係していることが示唆される。また、変性粉用小麦粉の特性としては、さらに、レーザー粒度計(株式会社日本レーザー製、タイプ HELOS&RODOS)による粒度の測定値が2500cm2/g以下、更に好ましくは、2300cm2/g以下の小麦粉が良好である。粒度が小さい小麦粉の方が変性粉特性が良好である詳細な理由は不明であるが、以下の理由が考えられる。
【0008】
一般に粒度の小さい小麦粉は硬質小麦粉であり、製粉時に発生する損傷デンプン量が多い傾向にある。そして、この損傷デンプンは、健全デンプンに比べ吸水量が多いといわれていることから、このことが変性粉懸濁液の高粘度に影響していることが推定される。なお、変性粉懸濁液の粘度測定は、以下のようにして行った。
種々の条件で加熱処理した変性粉を用い31.5%懸濁液を調製する。次に、この液10mlを用いて、RB80型粘度計(東機産業製)で少量サンプルアダプターにより、HH 1、 HH2ローターを用い回転数100rpm、25℃の条件で粘度を測定した。また、小麦粉中のペントサン含量はフロログルシノール法(Robert et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 36, 1243 (1985))によって測定した。
【0009】
本発明の加熱変性粉を使用した食材及び食品としては、この変性粉を含有し混合されたり、焼く、揚げる、煮る等の処理をされた食材及び食品すべてを包含し特に限定はない。例えば、食材としては、各種フライ用バッター粉及びバッター液、各種天ぷら用衣液用粉及び衣液、各種ミックス粉、各種ルウ等を挙げることができるが、特に本発明の変性粉の特性が有効に作用する食材は各種フライ用バッター粉及びバッター液である。また、食品としては、食パン、フランスパン、ハードロール、バターロール、デニッシュペーストリ、クロワッサン、他の各種菓子パン等のパン類、ホットケーキ、スポンジケーキ、シホンケーキ、ドーナツ、パイ、ビスケット、クッキー、クラッカー、シュークリーム、柏餅、饅頭等の菓子類、各種フライ類や天ぷら類等の揚げ物類、うどん、そば、そうめん、きしめん、中華麺、スパゲッティー等の麺類を挙げることができる。この中で変性粉による食品の品質、特に食感等の改良効果の大きいものは菓子類と天ぷら類である。
【0010】
これらの食材及び食品への変性粉の使用については、単独あるいは他の原料との併用でもよく、特に限定はない。他の原料としては、例えば各種バッター粉や衣液用粉の場合、各種デンプン、米粉、増粘剤、乳化剤、油脂、膨張剤、色素、香辛料、調味料、栄養強化剤、卵黄粉等を挙げることができる。これらの他の原料は単独でも種々組み合わせて使用されてもよい。また、変性粉の各種食材及び食品への使用量についても、特に限定はなく、対象の食材及び食品での効果を見ながら適当に決定すればよい。
【0011】
次に、以下に示す実施例(比較例を含む)に基づいて、本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
【0012】
【実施例1】
ホロシリコムギ、交配親にホロシリコムギを使用している系統を含む多数の品種、系統からの小麦粉と各種銘柄の小麦粉について、13.5%前後の水分含量の小麦粉を90℃、2時間加熱処理を行い変性粉を得た。小麦粉はビューラー製粉60%粉をすべて用い、小麦粉のペントサン含量、変性粉の粘度は前述の方法によって測定した。その結果を図1に示す。小麦粉中のペントサン含量と変性粉粘度の間には高い相関があり、ホロシリコムギ、交配親にホロシリコムギを使用している系統からの変性粉はいずれも高いペントサン含量と変性粉粘度を示した。これより、これらの変性粉は良好な変性粉特性を持っていることがわかる。
【0013】
これに対し、代表的な小麦銘柄1CW(No.1,カナダ・ウェスタン・レッド・スプリング)、HRW(ハード・レッド・ウインター)、ASW(オーストラリア・スタンダード・ホワイト)、WW(ウェスタン・ホワイト)、日本国内のホロシリコムギ以外の主要品種ハルユタカ、ハルヒカリ、タクネコムギ、チホクコムギ、ホクシン、農林61号はいずれも変性粉粘度はホロシリコムギ以下の800mPa・s以下の粘度を示し、変性粉特性が不十分であることがわかる。特に、各種の天ぷら等の衣液に使用されているWWの変性粉粘度は250mPa・s前後で非常に低く、本発明の用途には不適な変性粉であることがわかる。
【0014】
【実施例2】
ホロシリコムギとホロシリコムギを交配親に使用している系統を含む各種小麦品種、系統からの小麦粉の変性粉粘度と小麦粉の粒度の関係について検討した。変性処理は実施例1と同様に行い、粒度は前述の方法によって測定した。また、小麦粉はビューラー製粉60%粉を使用した。結果を図2に示す。これより、変性粉粘度と小麦粉粒度の間にはかなりの相関があり、ホロシリコムギとホロシリコムギを交配親に使用している系統はいずれも2300cm2/g以下の小さい粒度で高い変性粉粘度を示した。実施例1の結果と合わせて考えると、ペントサン含量が高く粒度の小さい硬質小麦粉からの変性粉が良好な変性粉特性を示すこがわかる。
【0015】
【実施例3】
実施例1で使用したホロシリコムギ、キタノカオリ、月系9626号、WWの小麦粉を用い127℃、30分の加熱変性処理により変性粉を得た。これらの変性粉について、変性粉35%のバッターを作成し、前述の方法で粘度を測定した。そして、その後、最もバッター粘度の高かったキタノカオリの適性加水量を求め、このバッターより粘度の低い他の変性粉バッターについては、市販キサンタンガムを添加してキタノカオリと同等の粘度のバッターを作成し、キタノカオリ変性粉バッターと同加水量で同等の粘度のバッターを得るのに必要なキサンタンガム量を求めた。その結果を表1に示す。これより、WW変性粉に比べ、ホロシリコムギ、キタノカオリ、月系9626号の変性粉では変性粉のみで高粘度のバッターが得られるため少量のキサンタンガム添加あるいは無添加でバッターとして使用可能な低コストの高粘度なバッターが調製できることがわかる。
【0016】
次に上記のバッター液を用い、以下に示す方法でコロッケを作成しバッター液特性の評価を行った。市販の冷凍コロッケ用具材50gを上記バッターに侵漬し、余分な液を切りパン粉をつけた。この操作をもう1回繰り返した後、180℃のサラダ油で4分間油揚げしポテトコロッケを作成した。このポテトコロッケ製造時、バッター調製時のバッターの状態、パン粉の付着状態、得られたコロッケについて3人のパネラーにより評価を行った結果を表2に示す。これより、比較例1のWWの変性粉バッターで、調製時にややダマができることやパン粉の付着にややむらがあること以外、すべての実施例、比較例で概ね良好な結果が得られた。特に試験例2のキタノカオリの変性粉バッターを用いた場合のコロッケは外観食感共に良好であり、他に比べサックリとした良好な食感を示した。以上の結果から、本発明の変性粉を用いることによって、低コストで高粘度の良好なフライ用バッターを調製することが可能になり、それにより低コストで良質のコロッケ等のフライ食品を得ることができる。
【0017】
【表1】
【0018】
【表2】
【0019】
【実施例4】
実施例3で調製した変性粉を用い、表3に示す配合で原料をよく混合し攪拌して天ぷら用衣液を調製した。これに1cmに輪切りにし蒸したバレイショを侵漬し均一に衣液を付着させた。これを180℃〜190℃のサラダ油で3分間揚げてバレイショ天ぷらを得た。このバレイショ天ぷら製造時の衣液の状態、得られたバレイショ天ぷらについて3人のパネラーにより評価を行った。その結果を表3に示す。これより比較例に比べ実施例の変性粉はいずれも衣液調製時のダマの生成が少なく、混合液を多量に添加できるため一定量の小麦粉で多くの衣液が調製ができ、より低コストで簡便に良好な衣液を調製することができた。特にその傾向は、キタノカオリ、月系9626号の変性粉で顕著であった。また、得られたバレイショ天ぷらの評価では各区で大きな差はなかったが、比較例に比べ試験例では、外観、食感が良好であり、特にキタノカオリの変性粉からのものが食感がサクサクしており良好であった。以上の結果から、本発明の変性粉を用いることによって簡便に低コストで良好な天ぷら衣液を調製でき、また、得られた天ぷらの外観、食感も非常に良好であることがわかる。
【0020】
【表3】
【0021】
【実施例5】
実施例3で調製した変性粉を用い、表4に示す配合でシュークリームを作成し、シュークリーム生地の状態、できたシュークリームの評価を3人のパネラーで行った。シュークリームの製造は、以下のようにして行った。鍋に水、砂糖、バターを入れ加温して砂糖を溶解すると共にバターを十分に融解させ良く混合する。次に、変性小麦粉を入れ常温で十分に混合する。更に、良く混合した全卵を徐々に入れながら生地を十分に混合し適当な硬さのシュー生地を作成する。この生地をクッキングシートに16g程度絞りオーブンで200℃、20分焼成する。冷却したシュークリームの皮に20gの市販のカスタードクリームを注入しシュークリームを製造した。
【0022】
これより、比較例のWWの変性粉のシュークリームに比べて、試験例のシュークリームでは全体の評価結果が良好で生地調製時に多くの水が入ると共に生地の調製時のダマの発生もなく低コストで良好な生地が簡便にできた。また、得られたシュークリームも食感、風味が良好であり、特にキタノカオリ、月系9626号の変性粉を用いたものはサックリした食感と良好な香ばしい風味を呈した。以上の結果から、本発明の変性粉を用いることによって、低コストで良好なシュー生地を簡便に調製でき得られたシュークリームも総合的に良好なものであり、特に食感、風味が改善されることがわかる。
【0023】
【実施例6】
水分含量13.5%の小麦粉(ホロシコムギ、キタノカオリ、WW )を100℃で1時間加熱処理することによって変性粉を得た。この変性粉を用い、表5に示す配合でクッキーを作成し、クッキー生地調整時の状態、得られたクッキーの評価を3人のパネラーで行った。クッキーの製造は以下のようにして行った。バターを湯煎にかけやわらかくして砂糖を加えてよく混合する。次に全卵を少量ずつ加え十分に混合し、それに更に小麦粉、変性粉を加え十分に混合する。得られた生地を絞りだし器に入れ、10g程度ずつクッキングシートにしぼり出し、オーブンで180℃、13分焼成する。官能評価結果を表5に示す。
【0024】
【表4】
【0025】
これより、総合的に比較例に比べ試験例の結果は良好であり、特に得られたクッキーの食感、風味が良好であった。試験例のクッキーはサクサクした好ましい食感を示した。また、やや香ばしい良好な風味を呈した。以上の結果から、本発明の変性粉を用いることによって食感、風味等の優れたクッキーが容易に製造できることがわかる。
【0026】
【実施例7】
実施例3で調製した変性粉を用い、表6に示す配合でバターロールを作成し、バターロール生地の状態、得られたバターロールの評価を3人のパネラーで行った。その結果を表6に示す。以下に製パン工程を示す。
・ ミキシング : 全原料をミキシングに入れ低速1分、中速1分、高速3分ミキシングする。
・ 発酵 : 30℃、30分
・ 分割、丸目 : 生地量40gずつ手分割、丸目
・ ベンチ : 30℃、20分
・ 成型 : 手でロール型に成型
・ ホイロ : 38℃、湿度85%で55分ホイロ発酵
・ 焼成 : 200℃、12分
【0027】
【表5】
【0028】
表6より、比較例に比べて、試験例では、生地調製時の吸水量が多く、また、生地調整時の状態が全体に良好であった。得られたバターロールも食感、風味が良好であり、特にキタノカオリを用いたものはサックリとした食感で風味も若干香ばしく良好であった。以上の結果から、本発明の変性粉を用いることによって、低コストで良好なバターロール生地を調製でき、得られたバターロールも総合的に良好なものであり、特に食感、風味が改善されることがわかる。
【0029】
【表6】
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上説明した本発明の変性粉を用いることによって、増粘剤等をほとんどあるいはまったく使用しないで高粘度のフライ用バッターや天ぷら用の衣液を低コストで製造できる。また、パンや菓子の原料の小麦粉の代わりに一部及び全量本発明の変性粉を用いることによって、吸水の増加による低コスト化ができると共に得られた製品の食感、風味を顕著に改善できることがわかる。これまで低コストバッター、衣液の調製、パン菓子類等の食感改良については、種々の方法が検討されているが、低コストな方法でこれらの課題を解決する方法が確立されていないのが現状である。本発明は、特定の小麦粉を最適条件で加熱するという簡便な方法で得られた変性粉を用いて上記の課題を低コストで解決する技術を提供することができる。本発明により、低コスト、高品質のバッター、衣液の調製、低コストでの各種食品の食感、風味改良が可能になり、揚げ物食品、パン菓子類を中心に高品質食品の低コスト安定生産への多大の寄与が期待される。また、本発明の変性粉特性の良好な品種は、いずれも国産の品種、系統であるため、本発明は、国産小麦の需要拡大にも大きく貢献することが期待できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】小麦粉ペントサン含量と変性粉粘度の関係を示すグラフである。
【図2】小麦粉粒度と変性粉粘度の関係を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heat-modified wheat flour whose suspension has high viscosity, a food material produced using the same, and a flour food.
[0002]
[Prior art]
At present, heat-modified wheat flour (hereinafter referred to as modified flour) is widely used in various batters for frying, dressing for tempura, improving texture of bread and confectionery, various roux and the like. However, in the production of batters and garments that use modified powders, thickeners such as guar gum and xanthan gum and pregelatinized starch are used in combination to increase the viscosity of the suspension and improve its stability. There is a problem in that a problem occurs during the preparation due to the occurrence of residues during production.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under such circumstances, particularly in the production of frying batters, it is desired to produce batters with high viscosity and high stability using only a modified powder not using a thickener or pregelatinized starch as much as possible. However, at present, batter production techniques using thickeners such as polysaccharides and starch are disclosed in JP-A Nos. 13-12595, 11-125, 7-155127, 7-75514, etc. However, sufficient technology to solve the above problems has not been established.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies on the heat-denaturing characteristics of flours from various flour varieties and strains. As a result, the suspensions from modified flours prepared from the flours of specific varieties and strains have been investigated. The present invention was completed by discovering that the turbid liquid exhibits remarkable high viscosity and long-term viscosity stability. In other words, modified flour that can be prepared with a thickening agent for increasing the viscosity almost or completely by heat-denaturing under optimum conditions using wheat flour whose genetically modified flour suspension has a high viscosity. Is to provide.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The modified flour as used in the present invention refers to wheat flour having a water content of 12% to 15%, preferably 13% to 14% at 80 ° C. to 160 ° C. for 3 minutes to 240 minutes, preferably 100 ° C. to 140 ° C. for 10 minutes to It is wheat flour heated for 50 minutes. If it is less than this range, the viscosity of the denatured suspension will not be sufficiently high. On the other hand, if it is too long, protein denaturation will proceed excessively and the suspension viscosity will be lower than the optimum condition. Wheat varieties and strains that have a high viscosity of the modified powder suspension are cultivar, cultivar, cultivar and strain of cultivar, Hokkaido National Agricultural Research Center, which uses horsiri wheat for mating parents. Middle), bill-type 187, bill-type 221, month-type 9624, month-type 9625, month-type 9626, etc., any wheat flour from any variety or line is heated at 90 ° C for 2 hours. Any modified flour having a viscosity of 800 mPa · s or higher, preferably 1000 mPa · s or higher, is included in the wheat flour for modified powder of the present invention.
[0006]
Further, it has been clarified from detailed examination that wheat flour having a highly viscous modified flour suspension tends to have a high pentosan content in the flour. The pentosan content in the flour is 1.1% or more, preferably 1.3% or more. Although the details of why the flour with high pentosan content has good modified flour properties are unclear, it is known that pentosan, which is representative of non-starch polysaccharides in wheat flour, absorbs a large amount of water This is considered to be related to the high viscosity of the modified powder suspension.
[0007]
The reason why the viscosity of the modified powder suspension (only the modified powder viscosity) is high only for wheat flour from specific varieties and strains is unknown, but most of the strains that use horsiri wheat as a mating parent are high. The viscosity and the tendency to have a high pentosan content in flour with good characteristics suggest that genetic factors are related to the modified flour characteristics. Moreover, as a characteristic of the wheat flour for modified flour, a flour whose particle size measured by a laser particle size meter (manufactured by Nippon Laser Co., Ltd., type HELOS & RODOS) is 2500 cm 2 / g or less, more preferably 2300 cm 2 / g or less is used. It is good. Although the detailed reason that the modified flour characteristics are better in the wheat flour having a smaller particle size is unknown, the following reasons are conceivable.
[0008]
Generally, wheat flour having a small particle size is hard wheat flour, and tends to have a large amount of damaged starch generated during milling. And since it is said that this damaged starch has much water absorption compared with healthy starch, it is estimated that this has influenced the high viscosity of modified powder suspension. The viscosity of the modified powder suspension was measured as follows.
A 31.5% suspension is prepared using a modified powder heat-treated under various conditions. Next, using 10 ml of this liquid, the viscosity was measured using a RB80 type viscometer (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) with a small amount of sample adapter, using
[0009]
The foods and foods using the heat-modified powder of the present invention include all the foods and foods containing this modified powder and mixed, baked, fried, boiled, etc., and are not particularly limited. For example, foodstuffs include various types of batter powder and batter liquid for frying, various powders and liquids for tempura, various mixed powders, various types of roux, etc. The properties of the modified powder of the present invention are particularly effective. Ingredients that act on are various batter powders and batter liquids for frying. In addition, as food, bread, French bread, hard roll, butter roll, Danish pastry, croissant, other confectionery breads, hot cakes, sponge cakes, chiffon cakes, donuts, pies, biscuits, cookies, crackers, Examples include confectionery such as cream puffs, strawberries, buns, fried foods such as various fries and tempura, and noodles such as udon, soba, somen, kishimen, Chinese noodles, and spaghetti. Among them, confectionery and tempura are those that have a large effect of improving the quality of the food, particularly the texture, of the modified powder.
[0010]
The use of the modified powder for these foods and foods may be used alone or in combination with other raw materials, and is not particularly limited. Examples of other raw materials include various starches, rice flours, thickeners, emulsifiers, fats and oils, swelling agents, pigments, spices, seasonings, nutrient enhancers, egg yolk powders, etc. be able to. These other raw materials may be used alone or in various combinations. Moreover, there is no limitation in particular also about the usage-amount of modified | denatured powder to various foodstuffs and foodstuffs, What is necessary is just to determine suitably, seeing the effect with target foodstuffs and foodstuff.
[0011]
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples (including comparative examples), but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0012]
[Example 1]
Sorghum wheat, many varieties including strains that use horsiri wheat as a crossing parent, flour from various strains and various brands of flour, denatured by heating the flour with a moisture content of around 13.5% at 90 ° C for 2 hours I got a powder. Wheat flour 60% flour was used as the flour, and the pentosan content of the flour and the viscosity of the modified flour were measured by the methods described above. The result is shown in FIG. There was a high correlation between the content of pentosan in wheat flour and the viscosity of the modified flour, and all the modified flours from the lines using holosiri wheat and holosiri wheat showed high pentosan content and modified flour viscosity. This shows that these modified powders have good modified powder properties.
[0013]
On the other hand, typical wheat brands 1CW (No. 1, Canada Western Red Spring), HRW (Hard Red Winter), ASW (Australian Standard White), WW (Western White), Japan The main varieties Haru Yutaka, Haruhikari, Takune Wheat, Chihoku Wheat, Hokushin, and Norin 61 in Japan are all showing modified powder viscosities of 800 mPa · s or less, which are less than that of Hori-Shirukumugi. . In particular, the modified powder viscosity of WW used in various tempura and other garments is very low at around 250 mPa · s, indicating that the modified powder is unsuitable for use in the present invention.
[0014]
[Example 2]
Various wheat varieties, including the lines that used horoshiri wheat and horoshiri wheat as mating parents, and the relationship between the modified flour viscosity of the flour from the line and the grain size of the flour were investigated. The modification treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the particle size was measured by the method described above. In addition, wheat flour 60% flour was used. The results are shown in FIG. From this, there is a considerable correlation between the modified flour viscosity and the wheat flour particle size, and all of the lines using horsiri wheat and horsiri wheat as mating parents showed high modified flour viscosity with a small particle size of 2300 cm 2 / g or less. . When considered together with the results of Example 1, it can be seen that modified flour from hard wheat flour with a high pentosan content and small particle size exhibits good modified flour properties.
[0015]
[Example 3]
Denatured flour was obtained by heat denaturation treatment at 127 ° C. for 30 minutes using the wheat flour of Horosiri wheat, Kitanokaori, No. 9626, and WW used in Example 1. For these modified powders, a batter of 35% modified powder was prepared and the viscosity was measured by the method described above. Then, the appropriate amount of water added to Kitano Kaori with the highest batter viscosity was obtained, and for other modified powder batters with lower viscosity than this batter, commercial xanthan gum was added to create a batter with the same viscosity as Kitano Kaori. The amount of xanthan gum necessary to obtain a batter with the same amount of water as the modified powder batter and the same viscosity was determined. The results are shown in Table 1. From this, compared to WW modified powder, Horosiri wheat, Kitano Kaori, modified powder of No. 9626 can obtain batter with high viscosity only with modified powder, so it can be used as a batter with little or no xanthan gum added. It can be seen that a viscous batter can be prepared.
[0016]
Next, using the above batter liquid, croquettes were prepared by the method shown below, and the batter liquid characteristics were evaluated. 50 g of commercially available frozen croquette ingredients were soaked in the batter, and the excess liquid was cut off and pasted with bread crumbs. This operation was repeated once more, and then fried with salad oil at 180 ° C. for 4 minutes to prepare potato croquettes. Table 2 shows the results of evaluation by three panelists regarding the batter state at the time of manufacturing the potato croquette, the batter state at the time of batter preparation, the adhesion state of bread crumbs, and the obtained croquette. From this, in the WW modified powder batter of Comparative Example 1, generally good results were obtained in all Examples and Comparative Examples, except that some lumps were made during preparation and the bread crumbs were somewhat uneven. In particular, the croquette when using the modified powdered batter of Kitanokaori of Test Example 2 was good in appearance and texture, and showed a good texture that was crisp compared to others. From the above results, by using the modified powder of the present invention, it becomes possible to prepare a low-cost and high-viscosity good frying batter, thereby obtaining a good-quality fried food such as croquettes at low cost. Can do.
[0017]
[Table 1]
[0018]
[Table 2]
[0019]
[Example 4]
Using the modified powder prepared in Example 3, the ingredients shown in Table 3 were mixed well and stirred to prepare a tempura dressing solution. A potato that had been cut into 1-cm pieces and steamed was soaked to uniformly apply the liquid. This was fried with salad oil at 180 ° C. to 190 ° C. for 3 minutes to obtain potato tempura. The state of the coating liquid at the time of manufacturing this potato tempura and the obtained potato tempura were evaluated by three panelists. The results are shown in Table 3. Compared to the comparative example, the modified powders of the examples all produced less litter during the preparation of the dressing, and a large amount of the mixed solution can be added, so that a large amount of the dressing can be prepared with a certain amount of wheat flour, resulting in lower cost. Thus, it was possible to easily prepare a good dressing solution. In particular, the tendency was remarkable in the modified powder of Kitano Kaori and Moon type 9626. In addition, in the evaluation of the obtained potato tempura, there was no significant difference in each section, but in the test example, the appearance and texture were better than in the comparative example, and the texture from the modified powder of Kitanokaori was particularly crunchy. It was good. From the above results, it can be seen that by using the modified powder of the present invention, a good tempura dressing can be prepared easily at low cost, and the appearance and texture of the obtained tempura are very good.
[0020]
[Table 3]
[0021]
[Example 5]
Using the modified powder prepared in Example 3, cream puffs were prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 4, and the state of the cream puff dough and the evaluation of the cream puffs were evaluated by three panelists. The cream puff was produced as follows. Add water, sugar, and butter to the pan and heat to dissolve the sugar and melt the butter thoroughly and mix well. Next, the modified flour is added and mixed well at room temperature. Further, the dough is thoroughly mixed while gradually adding well-mixed whole eggs to create a shoe dough having an appropriate hardness. This dough is baked in a cooking sheet at 200 ° C. for 20 minutes on a cooking sheet. 20 g of a commercial custard cream was injected into the cooled cream puff skin to produce a cream puff.
[0022]
From this, compared with the cream cream of the modified powder of WW of the comparative example, the overall evaluation result is good with the cream cream of the test example, and a lot of water enters at the time of dough preparation, and there is no generation of lumps at the time of dough preparation, and the cost is low. A good dough was easily made. Also, the obtained cream puff has a good texture and flavor. Particularly, those using Kitano Kaori and modified powder of No. 9626 exhibited a crisp texture and a good fragrant flavor. From the above results, by using the modified powder of the present invention, the cream puffs obtained by simply preparing a good shoe dough at a low cost are also generally good, and especially the texture and flavor are improved. I understand that.
[0023]
[Example 6]
Modified flour was obtained by heat-treating wheat flour (Horoshi wheat, Kitanokaori, WW) having a water content of 13.5% at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. Using this modified powder, cookies were prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 5, and the state of the cookie dough was adjusted and the obtained cookies were evaluated by three panelists. Cookies were manufactured as follows. Put butter in a water bath, soften, add sugar and mix well. Next, add whole eggs in small portions and mix well, then add flour and denatured flour and mix well. The obtained dough is put into a squeezer and squeezed into a cooking sheet by about 10 g, and baked in an oven at 180 ° C. for 13 minutes. The sensory evaluation results are shown in Table 5.
[0024]
[Table 4]
[0025]
From this, the result of the test example was generally better than the comparative example, and the texture and flavor of the obtained cookies were particularly good. The cookies of the test example showed a crisp and preferable texture. Moreover, it had a slightly savory good flavor. From the above results, it can be seen that by using the modified powder of the present invention, cookies having excellent texture and flavor can be easily produced.
[0026]
[Example 7]
Using the modified powder prepared in Example 3, a butter roll was prepared with the formulation shown in Table 6, and the state of the butter roll dough and the evaluation of the obtained butter roll were performed by three panelists. The results are shown in Table 6. The bread making process is shown below.
・ Mixing: All raw materials are mixed and mixed for 1 minute at low speed, 1 minute at medium speed, and 3 minutes at high speed.
・ Fermentation: 30 ℃, 30 minutes ・ Division, round eyes: Hand divided by 40g of dough, round eyes ・ Bench: 30 ℃, 20 minutes ・ Molding: Molded into rolls by hand ・ Furo: 55 minutes at 38 ℃, humidity 85% Proof-fermentation and baking: 200 ° C, 12 minutes [0027]
[Table 5]
[0028]
From Table 6, compared with the comparative example, in the test example, the water absorption amount at the time of dough preparation was large, and the state at the time of dough adjustment was generally good. The obtained butter roll also had a good texture and flavor, and especially those using Kitanokaori had a crisp texture and a slightly fragrant and good flavor. From the above results, by using the modified powder of the present invention, it is possible to prepare a good butter roll dough at a low cost, and the obtained butter roll is also generally good, especially the texture and flavor are improved. I understand that
[0029]
[Table 6]
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
By using the modified powder of the present invention described above, a high-viscosity batter for frying or tempura can be produced at low cost with little or no thickener. In addition, by using the modified flour of the present invention in part and in whole instead of wheat flour as a raw material for bread and confectionery, the cost can be reduced by increasing water absorption and the texture and flavor of the obtained product can be remarkably improved. I understand. Various methods have been studied so far for improving the texture of low-cost batters, preparation of clothing liquids, bread confectionery, etc., but no method has been established to solve these problems with low-cost methods. Is the current situation. The present invention can provide a technique for solving the above-mentioned problems at a low cost by using a modified flour obtained by a simple method of heating specific wheat flour under optimum conditions. According to the present invention, low-cost, high-quality batter, preparation of clothing liquid, texture of various foods at low cost, flavor improvement are possible, and low-cost stability of high-quality foods, mainly fried foods and bread confectionery A great contribution to production is expected. Moreover, since all the varieties having good modified powder characteristics of the present invention are domestic varieties and lines, the present invention can be expected to greatly contribute to the expansion of demand for domestic wheat.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the content of wheat flour pentosan and the viscosity of modified flour.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between wheat flour particle size and modified flour viscosity.
Claims (6)
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JP4685839B2 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2011-05-18 | 日清フーズ株式会社 | Cake donut manufacturing method |
US20090041918A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-02-12 | Yong-Cheng Shi | Non-cohesive waxy flours and method of preparation |
KR101221700B1 (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2013-01-11 | 씨제이제일제당 (주) | Manufacturing method of heat treatment flour for deep-fat fried batter |
JP5761685B2 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2015-08-12 | 日本製粉株式会社 | Process for producing heat-treated flour for bread |
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JP7093644B2 (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2022-06-30 | 昭和産業株式会社 | Batter dough cooked food mix, batter dough cooked food, and batter dough cooked food manufacturing method |
JP7239684B2 (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2023-03-14 | 株式会社日清製粉ウェルナ | Coating material for fried food |
WO2024209514A1 (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2024-10-10 | 株式会社日清製粉ウェルナ | Modified wheat flour |
CN119054866B (en) * | 2024-09-12 | 2025-03-21 | 广东百利食品股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of bread crumbs and its product |
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JPH0750973A (en) * | 1993-08-10 | 1995-02-28 | Torigoe Seifun Kk | Development and production of flour for bread-making, modified and improved by thermally denaturating wheat protein containing soft flour and medium flour |
JP3397891B2 (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 2003-04-21 | 三和澱粉工業株式会社 | Cake composition for microwave cooking |
JPH0884567A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-04-02 | Ezaki Glico Co Ltd | Modified flour and production of baked cake using the flour |
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