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JP3949079B2 - Aerobic flour paste and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Aerobic flour paste and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP3949079B2
JP3949079B2 JP2003126463A JP2003126463A JP3949079B2 JP 3949079 B2 JP3949079 B2 JP 3949079B2 JP 2003126463 A JP2003126463 A JP 2003126463A JP 2003126463 A JP2003126463 A JP 2003126463A JP 3949079 B2 JP3949079 B2 JP 3949079B2
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gas
flour paste
air
injection
mixture
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JP2004329048A (en
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栄一 北河
準一 氏家
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ソントン食品工業株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、含気されたフラワーペースト及びその製造方法に関し、より詳しくは、ナベ或いは釜で炊いたときのように空気を噛んだような状態で、ボディー感があり、含気することにより、パン用として包餡焼成しても澱粉質に由来する口溶けの悪さを解消した、口溶けの良いフラワーペースト及び該フラワーペーストを工業的に生産性良く、且つ衛生的に連続製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
カスタードクリームと言われる物は、一般的には小麦粉、牛乳、砂糖、卵、水等の原料を混合し、ナベや釜等で炊き上げて作られている。この方法で製造されるカスタードクリームは過度の加熱がない為、風味が良く、攪拌は穏やかである為、澱粉粒が壊れず口溶けの良いものであるが、しかし生産性が悪く、開放系で作られる為、微生物の汚染に罹り易くより日持ちしない保存性が問題であった。
【0003】
一方、フラワーペーストとは、一般的には、調合タンクで予備乳化された原料を掻取式熱交換機等の間接加熱方式、或は蒸気を直接吹き込むスチームインジェクション等の直接加熱方式を用いて、加熱・殺菌した後、掻取式熱交換機等により冷却されて、工業的に生産性良く、衛生的に製造されたカスタードクリーム様のものを指す。
【0004】
しかし、熱交換のときに製品に強いシェアーがかかり、天然の澱粉粒(質)は著しく崩壊し、糊状になり、ボディー感が失われる欠点があった。また、シェアー耐性を付与する為に、加工澱粉を澱粉質の主原料とする配合により、熱交換時の攪拌シェアーに耐性を持たせたフラワーペーストが製造されている。しかし、加工澱粉を使用するとシェアー耐性は付与されるものの、フラワーペーストの口溶け、風味は決して良いものではなっかた。
【0005】
そこで、含気させることで、澱粉質の糊感を低減させる試みが成されてきた。
例えば、生クリームをホイップしてフラワーペーストと混合するシャルロットクリーム様の泡入りカスタードクリーム、或は、動物性タンパクの酵素部分加水分解物を用いて気泡させるホイップドフラワーペーストの製造方法が知られている。しかし、冷蔵流通、生食用途では問題ないものの、耐熱性を付与することはできず、加えて開放系でホイップして作られる為保存性がなく、パン用の用途としての機能を有していない。
更に、乳化剤によって起泡性を有するフィリングとフラワーペーストを混合するフラワーペースト、或は、フラワーペーストの原液の比重を測定し、成り行きで含気した1種以上の比重の異なるフラワーペースト原液、或は脱気原液又は脱気原液に窒素ガス雰囲気下でホイップした原液とを混合し、特定の比重に調整したフラワーペーストを静置状態で加熱するフラワーペーストなどが公開されている。
【0006】
しかしながら、前者の方法で得られた含気フラワーペーストは、冷却後混合されるため、攪拌シェアーにより著しく崩壊した澱粉質の糊感は依然残る上、澱粉質のネットワークもなく、クリームパン等に使用される予めフラワーペーストを包餡して焼成するパン用フラワーペーストのようなボディー感は得られず、汎用範囲の狭いフラワーペーストに過ぎなかった。一方後者の原液の成り行き含気量を測定し、一定割合で混合し含気させる製造方法により得られたフラワーペーストの物性は、より食感の良いものの、成り行き含気を毎回測定し、特定の比重になるよう混合する為に種々の含気量のフラワーペースト原液を同時に用意する必要があり、その為に広いスペースが必要であった。更に、殺菌工程は個別に充填した後である為、時間と手間が掛かり経済性に乏しかった。加えて、その含気量は多くて0.2〜1%(V/V)程度でしかなかった。更に1.0%(V/V)を超えると組織が粗くなりザラついた食感となり、未だ満足した食感を得るに至らなかった。これらの理由はともに自然含気である為、含気量に制限があることと、含気された気泡径が大きいことに起因している点を鋭意研究試作の結果つきとめ、その課題を解決し意図した食感を得ることが可能となった。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、ナベ或は釜等で炊いたカスタードクリーム様に含気されており、その口溶けは澱粉質の糊感を感じなく良好で、且つクリームパンのような焼成前に包餡されるパン用クリームと同様にボディー感があり包餡適性のあるしかも耐熱性のある含気性フラワーペースト及び該フラワーペーストを工業的に生産性良く、且つ衛生的に連続して生産する方法を提供するものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上述の問題に鑑み鋭意研究の結果、フラワーペーストの製造において、毎回安定した含気量を維持する為、調合タンク内の成り行きで含気された空気を一旦完全に取り除き、高圧ホモゲナイザー等の乳化工程前で窒素ガスのような不活性ガスの1種類又は2種類或いは空気又はその混合を予め計算した含気率に合わせて注入し、更に注入後、インラインミキサー等の乳化・攪拌機で、注入されたガスを一回以上再微細化し、加熱・殺菌工程を経て冷却し充填して得られるもので、ナベ或は釜等で炊いたカスタードクリーム様に含気されて、クリームパンのような焼成前に包餡されて使用されるパン用フラワーペーストと同様にボディー感があって、包餡適性及び耐熱性のある含気性フラワーペーストであって、含気することにより、クリームパンに利用しても澱粉質の糊感を感じなく、良好な口溶けが得られるという知見を得て、本発明は完成されたものである。
本発明でいう含気率とは、次式で計算されるフラワーペースト中に分散されたガス量のことである。含気率(%)={(ガス注入前の比重−ガス注入後の比重)/ガス注入後の比重}×100。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、先ず本発明のフラワーペーストの配合原料について、特に限定する必要はなく、公知の原材料である糖、油脂、乳、澱粉、増粘剤他、各種一般に使用される食品添加物が使用できる。
【0010】
該フラワーペーストは、その用途により、乳化剤、澱粉質、増粘剤の種類、量は通常の用途範囲でよく、何ら特別の配合組成を必要としない。例えば予め包餡を必要とするクリームパン等に使用するパン用用途の場合は、作業上パン生地に包みやすいよう適度の硬さ(以後包餡適性と言う)があり、パン焼成中の耐熱性があれば良く、公知の動物性タンパク質、植物性タンパク質等を利用して包餡適性を付与すことができる。すなわち本発明は如何なる配合原料であれ利用することができ、ナベ或は釜等で炊いたカスタードクリーム様に含気され、その口溶けは澱粉質の糊感を感じなく良好なフラワーペーストを工業的にしかも安定して連続製造することができる。
【0011】
次に、本発明における予備乳化物或は混合物の作成方法及び脱気方法について説明する。図1に例示したように調合タンクを用いる場合は、高速攪拌能力を有するものが望ましく、フラワーペーストの原料を定法により投入し、高速攪拌にて予備乳化物或は混合物を準備し、脱気装置が装着されていれば予備乳化物或は混合物作成後直ちに脱気可能である。このとき予備乳化と同時にフラワーペースト組成中の澱粉質が膨潤・糊化する温度手前まで加温し、その温度によって、−0.1013MPa〜−0.0400MPaの範囲で減圧状態を保持すると、調合工程中に成り行きで含気された空気を完全脱気状態に限りなく近い状態にでき、且つ脱気時間が短縮でき効率的である。ここで言う完全脱気状態とは、最終製品の含気率が安定して一定に保持できる範囲の脱気状態のことである。
【0012】
インラインで各種原料を調合、又は予備乳化する場合は、澱粉が膨潤し糊化しない50〜65℃程度まで1次加熱し、該温度域で水が沸騰する状態まで減圧して脱気する、フラッシュチャンバーを用いて連続脱気することもできる。又前記調合タンクとフラッシュチャンバーを組み合わせて脱気することも可能である。具体的には図2に示したように調合タンクで予備乳化と同時に澱粉が膨潤し糊化する温度以下まで加温し、インラインのフラッシュチャンバーを用いて連続脱気する方法である。
【0013】
ガスの種類について述べる。本発明では不活性ガスの1種類又は2種類以上か或いは空気又はそれら混合物を使用することができる。最も好ましいガスとしては、経済的にも、フラワーペーストに対する味の影響も少ない、窒素ガスが挙げられる。その他一般に流通しているガスとして、炭酸ガスがあるが、経時的にフラワーペースト中に溶解し酸味を呈する為、使用するにあたりpH調整が必要であり、緩衝剤等の配合面での考慮を伴うが、利用可能である。
【0014】
続いて、ガス注入位置及び微細化工程について説明する。ガス注入位置は予備乳化物或は混合物を作成し、フラワーペースト組成中の澱粉質が膨潤・糊化する加熱工程前であることが、本発明の含気性フラワーペーストの品質を得る必須条件であり特徴と認められる。更に、ガス注入後、エアロマチック(エアロマチック社製)、パイプラインホモミキサー(特殊機化工業社製)、スタティックミキサー(ノリタケカンパニーリミテット製)等のインラインミキサー、或は高圧ホモゲナイザーにより、乳化工程と同時に注入されたガス泡を微細化することも本発明の含気性フラワーペーストの品質を得るための必要条件である。
【0015】
注入されたガス泡が微細化されることで、よりキメの細かいガス泡としてフラワーペースト組成中に分散し、製造工程途中、或は経時的なガスの凝集・合一が起こりにくくなると同時に、パン焼成時の脱泡が極めて少なくできる。
一方、微細化されずにガス泡が大きいと、製造中の加熱・冷却工程中でガス泡が凝集し、最終製品がザクザクとなり、外観上商品価値が著しく低下する。また、それが製品として使用されると、保管中に経時的ガス泡の凝集が起き、更にはパン焼成中の加熱によりガス泡の膨張が起き、パン焼成後フラワーペーストがザクザクの状態となり外観が悪く、さらに食感も低下する。
【0016】
続いて、ガス注入制御方法について説明する。ガス注入量を一定にすることが製品の連続した安定製造には重要である。その為には調合タンク等より脱気された予備乳化物或は混合物を一定圧力・流量を維持できるインバーター制御可能なロータリーポンプ等の移送装置で定量性を保持するとともに、圧力計等で移送配管内圧を測定し、その値をポンプにフィードバックし定量性精度を上げることが必要である。一方、注入ガスについては、予備乳化物或は混合物流量を測定し、最終製品が設定の含気率に保持できるよう注入ガス流量を流量計等で測定しながら、注入量を予め設定した値に制御することが必要である。しかして、フローメーターを使用し、ガスボンベからのガス注入量を一定に保つ手動制御も可能である。しかし、人手が必要である為、製造コストが高くなる点を検討する必要がある。含気量の制御はより具体的には、図3に示したように移送配管内圧と注入ガス圧の差圧を一定に自動制御し、常に最終製品の含気率を設定値に維持する方法、或は図4に示したように乳化物或は混合物流量を一定に保ち、更に一定のガス量を注入する方法が例示できる。
【0017】
続いて、加熱・殺菌工程及び安定製造について説明する。本発明の加熱・殺菌には、蒸気を直接注入するスチームインジェクション式加熱、オンレーター(登録商標)等の間接加熱等フラワーペーストで一般に知られている加熱・殺菌方法が可能である。
スチームインジェクション式加熱を選択した場合は、最終乳化、注入ガスの微細化工程は高圧ホモゲナイザーを選択することが望ましい。殺菌の為の蒸気は、移送配管中の製品圧との差圧で注入蒸気量を自動制御する為、注入ガス圧と蒸気圧の制御系を切り離すことが、注入蒸気量変化を最小限で制御でき安定した製造が可能となり、品質が一定に維持できる。スチームインジェクション式加熱において高圧ホモゲナイザー以外の、例えばインラインミキサー等により最終乳化、注入ガスの微細化を行う場合は、注入ガス圧、蒸気圧を切り離す為、クッションタンクと呼ばれる、ライン圧調整工程をとることが、安定製造するためにより望ましい。
一方、間接加熱を選択した場合は、スチームインジェクション式直接加熱で問題である製品圧、注入ガス圧、蒸気圧差が生じない為、注入ガスの再微細化工程はラインミキサー、ホモゲナイザー、コロイドミル等の乳化機、攪拌機であれば何れも選択でき、澱粉粒の膨潤以上の加熱・殺菌をする前にガスを注入し、注入ガス泡の再微細化を行うことにより、特別の制御を必要とせず安定製造が可能である。
【0018】
最後に、冷却・充填工程・流通方法を説明する。本発明では、前記加熱・殺菌工程を経たフラワーペーストを、連続的に掻き取り式熱交換器、冷水中への浸漬等、フラワーペーストで一般に行われている公知の方法により冷却する。さらに、プラスチックフィルムに充填し、常温・チルド・冷凍等一般の流通方法で販売することが可能である。常温においても、本発明によって注入、微細化されたガス泡は、フラワーペースト中で凝集・合一・脱泡を起こすことがなく、特別な保管・流通管理を必要としない品質の特性が認められる。
【0019】
以下、実施例を挙げ本発明を更に詳述する。しかしながら、本発明は、これらの実施例に限定されるものでない。
【0020】
【実施例1】
一般的なパン用フラワーペーストの配合原料を選択し、定法に従い各種原料を調合タンクに投入し、調合タンクに具え付けの攪拌機で、5分間以上高速攪拌にて予備乳化物を作成した。次に調合タンク内温度が50℃〜60℃であることを確認し、調合タンク内圧を−0.066MPaで5分間保持して完全脱気を行った。続いて、電磁流量計で予備乳化物流量を測定し、インバーター制御可能なローターポンプにその値をフィードバックして、流量1トン/時間になるよう送液した。一方、注入ガスは窒素ガスを選択し、質量流量計でガス量を測定し、注入ガスバルブをカスケード制御し、流量3Nリッター/分を保持して配管中の予備乳化物に比例注入した。次に、特殊機化工業(株)社製ラインホモミキサーPL500S、3000rpmにて、2次乳化と注入ガス泡の微細化を図り、更に高圧ホモゲナイザー50Kgf/平方センチメートルにて最終乳化及び、注入ガスの再微細化工程を経て、95℃スチームインジェクション加熱殺菌を行い、続いて掻き取り式熱交換器にて1次冷却後ピロー包装形態で充填し、冷水中に浸漬して製品とした。本製造において含気率は3.0%であった。
【0021】
【実施例2】
実施例1の製造工程のうち、窒素ガス注入量を変更した。その結果最終製品の含気率が13.0%であった。
【0022】
【比較例1】
実施例1の製造工程のうち、更に窒素ガス注入量を変更した。その結果最終製品の含気率が15.7%であった。
【0023】
【比較例2】
実施例1と同一の製造工程であるが、窒素ガス注入を行わなかった。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0003949079
* 1;含気率(%)={(ガス注入前の比重−ガス注入後の比重)/ガス注入後の比重}×100
* 2;熟練した技術者がクリームパンを10個作製したとき、均一にパン生地に包み込み、パン焼成後フラワーペーストが生地からはみ出ることなく均一に包餡できているパンの数を表す。○は均一に包餡できたクリームパンの数が10個ある場合、△は9〜8個、×は7個以下であることを意味する。
* 3;耐熱性はパン焼成後、フラワーペーストがパン生地の中で沸騰し、へたり薄く広がった状態であるものの数が10〜7個の場合を×、7〜1個の場合を△、全くない場合を○とした。
* 4;パン焼成後のクリーム外観で注入ガスの膨張が著しいもの、或は注入ガスが抜けへたり、薄く広がったものを×、気泡の膨張痕がが焼成後に著しくなく、外観が良好なもの○とした。
* 5;熟練したパネラ−10人による評価で、口溶けに関し良いと答えた人数が10〜9人を○、8〜7人を△、それ以下を×とした。
【0025】
上記表1の結果から、本発明における注入ガス量は含気率で3.0%〜13.0%であることが、パン焼成中の耐熱性、焼成後の外観、食感において必須条件であることが明らかである。本発明は、上記記載のパン用の用途であるフラワーペーストに限定されず、配合組成を生食用途に変更するならば、無論従来より口解けの良い生食用途のフラワーペーストを製造することも可能である。
【0026】
【比較例3】
実施例1の製造工程のうち、窒素ガス注入位置を、高圧ホモゲナイザー最終乳化工程及び、100℃加熱殺菌工程の間に変更した。
【0027】
【比較例4】
実施例1の製造工程のうち、窒素ガス注入位置を、95℃加熱殺菌工程直後に変更した。
【0028】
【比較例5】
実施例1の製造工程のうち、窒素ガス注入位置を冷却工程後に変更した。
【0029】
【比較例6】
比較例5において、注入窒素ガスの分散・再微細化を目的として、エアロマチック社製のインライン攪拌機による高速攪拌を行った。
【0030】
表2
Figure 0003949079
* 6;蒸気加熱殺菌工程をとる製造において、注入蒸気量にバラツキがなく、設定温度が一定に維持できた時は○、一方、注入蒸気量がバラツキ設定温度が維持できなく、連続製造に支障をきたした場合を×とした。
* 7;製造後、10日目で気泡の凝集が確認されたものを×、20日目で気泡の凝集が確認されたものを△、30日過ぎても凝集が認められないものを○とした。
【0031】
上記表2の結果から、本発明におけるガス注入位置については、完全脱気後加熱前で、且つ最終乳化工程前であることが必須条件であることが明白である。但し、ホモゲナイザー処理と蒸気加熱の間で、ガス注入を行うにあたり、ガス流量、配管圧が一定後であれば、安定製造ができた。つまり、ホモゲナイザー処理後にガスを注入することは、安定製造に至まで時間を要する為、製品歩留まりが低下し好ましい位置ではない。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
上記説明によれば本発明によって、手作りカスタードクリームのように含気されており、その為、従来から問題になっていた澱粉質に由来する糊感を感じることない、本格志向で汎用性のあるフラワーペーストが衛生的に且つ、安定して連続生産可能になり、消費者がより本格的なカスタード風味のフラワーペーストを楽しむことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】は本発明に係る製造工程例1
【図2】は本発明に係る製造工程例2
【図3】は本発明に係る注入ガス制御方法例1
【図4】は本発明に係る注入ガス制御方法例2
【符号の説明】
A・・・調合タンク
B・・・攪拌機
C・・・調合液
D・・・インラインミキサー
E・・・高圧ホモゲナイザー
F・・・スチームインジェクション式直接加熱装置
G・・・加圧装置付き保持タンク
H・・・掻き取り式熱交換器(冷却工程)
I・・・充填製品
J・・・掻き取り式熱交換器(一次加熱)
K・・・フラッシュチャンバー(脱気工程)
L・・・掻き取り式熱交換器(澱粉膨潤・殺菌工程)
Air・減圧脱気装置
N2・・窒素ボンベ
P1・・移送配管圧力測定計
P2・・窒素ガス注入圧力測定計
F1・・製品流量計
F2・・窒素ガス流量計
RP・・ロータリーポンプ
IRP・インバーター制御付ロータリーポンプ
RV・・窒素ガス流量調節バルブ
PR・・移送配管圧力制御装置
PRS・差圧計算装置及びガス注入量制御装置
FRS・ガス注入量制御装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an aerated flour paste and a method for producing the same, and more specifically, in a state of chewing air like when cooked in a pan or a pot, there is a body feeling , The present invention relates to a flower paste having a good mouth-melting property , which eliminates the poor melting of the mouth derived from starch, even after baking and baking for bread , and a method for continuously producing the flower paste with good industrial productivity and hygiene.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The so-called custard cream is generally made by mixing ingredients such as flour, milk, sugar, eggs and water and cooking them in a pan or pot. The custard cream produced by this method does not have excessive heating, so it has a good flavor and gentle stirring, so that the starch granules are not broken and the mouth melts well. Therefore, the shelf life is likely to be easily contaminated with microorganisms and the shelf life is less likely to last.
[0003]
On the other hand, flour paste is generally heated by using an indirect heating method such as a scraping heat exchanger or a direct heating method such as steam injection in which steam is blown directly into a raw material pre-emulsified in a mixing tank. -After sterilization, it is cooled by a scraping heat exchanger or the like, and refers to a custard cream-like product that is industrially productive and hygienic.
[0004]
However, a strong share is applied to the product during heat exchange, and the natural starch granules (quality) are significantly disintegrated, become paste-like, and the body feeling is lost. In addition, in order to impart shear resistance, a flour paste having resistance to agitation shear during heat exchange has been manufactured by blending processed starch as the main starch material. However, when processed starch was used, share resistance was imparted, but the mouthfeel and flavor of the flour paste was never good.
[0005]
Therefore, attempts have been made to reduce the starchy feeling of the starchy substance by aeration.
For example, there is known a method for producing a whispered custard cream like charlotte cream that whipped fresh cream and mixed with flour paste, or whipped flour paste that is bubbled using an enzyme partial hydrolyzate of animal protein. Yes. However, although there is no problem in refrigerated distribution and raw food applications, heat resistance cannot be imparted, and since it is made by whipping in an open system, it does not have preservability and does not have a function as a bread application .
Further, a flour paste in which a foaming filling and flour paste are mixed with an emulsifier, or a flour paste stock solution having different specific gravity, which is aspirated by measuring the specific gravity of the flour paste stock solution, A flower paste that mixes a degassed undiluted solution or a degassed undiluted solution with a whipped solution in a nitrogen gas atmosphere and heats the flower paste adjusted to a specific specific gravity in a stationary state is disclosed.
[0006]
However, since the aerated flour paste obtained by the former method is mixed after cooling, it still has a starchy feel that has been significantly disintegrated due to the stirring share, and there is no starchy network, so it is used for cream bread etc. The body feeling was not obtained as in the case of the bread paste that was previously wrapped and baked with the flour paste, and it was only a narrow flour paste in the general-purpose range. On the other hand, the physical aeration of the latter stock solution is measured, and the physical properties of the flour paste obtained by the production method of mixing and aeration at a constant ratio are better, but the actual aeration is measured every time. In order to mix them so as to have a specific gravity, it was necessary to prepare flour paste stock solutions having various air contents at the same time, which required a large space. Furthermore, since the sterilization process is performed after filling individually, it takes time and labor and is not economical. In addition, the air content was at most about 0.2 to 1% (V / V). Further, if it exceeds 1.0% (V / V), the structure becomes rough and has a rough texture, and a satisfactory texture has not yet been obtained. Both of these reasons are due to natural aeration. Therefore, we have determined the results of the intensive research and prototyping as a result of the limited amount of aeration and the large bubble size of the aeration. The intended texture can be obtained.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to contain a custard cream like a pan or a kettle, and its mouth melt is good without feeling the starchy paste, and it is wrapped before baking like a cream pan. An air-containing flower paste that has a body feeling, is suitable for wrapping and has heat resistance, as in the case of crushed bread cream, and a method for continuously producing the flower paste with good industrial productivity and hygiene. It is to provide.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research in view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention, in the production of flour paste, in order to maintain a stable air content every time, in order to maintain the stable air content every time, the air contained in the preparation tank was once completely removed, high pressure homogenizer, etc. Inject one or two kinds of inert gas such as nitrogen gas before the emulsification step or air or a mixture thereof according to the pre-calculated air content, and after the injection, with an emulsifier and agitator such as an in-line mixer, It is obtained by re-refining the injected gas once or more, cooling and filling through a heating and sterilization process, aerated like custard cream cooked in a pan or kettle, etc., like cream bread there is body taste like the pan flour paste used is Tsutsumian before firing, a pneumatic resistance flour paste with Tsutsumian suitability and heat resistance, by aerated, Rimupan to not feel the glue feeling of starchy also be utilized to obtain a finding that good melting in the mouth can be obtained, the present invention has been completed.
The air content referred to in the present invention is the amount of gas dispersed in the flour paste calculated by the following equation. Air content (%) = {(specific gravity before gas injection−specific gravity after gas injection) / specific gravity after gas injection} × 100.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, it is not necessary to specifically limit the blending raw material of the flour paste of the present invention, and various commonly used food additives such as sugar, fats and oils, milk, starch, thickener and the like can be used.
[0010]
Depending on its use, the type and amount of the emulsifier, starchy material, and thickener may be in the normal range of application, and the flour paste does not require any special composition. For example, in the case of a bread application that is used in advance for cream bread that requires wrapping, it has an appropriate hardness (hereinafter referred to as wrapping suitability) so that it can be easily wrapped in bread dough, and has heat resistance during baking. It may be sufficient, and the suitability of wrapping can be imparted using known animal proteins, plant proteins and the like. That is, the present invention can be used with any compounding raw material, and it is aerated like a custard cream cooked in a pan or a kettle, and its mouth melted industrially to produce a good flour paste without feeling the starchy paste. In addition, stable and continuous production can be achieved.
[0011]
Next, the preparation method and deaeration method of the pre-emulsion or mixture in the present invention will be described. When using a mixing tank as illustrated in FIG. 1, it is desirable to have a high-speed stirring ability. The raw material of flour paste is charged by a regular method, and a pre-emulsion or mixture is prepared by high-speed stirring. Can be degassed immediately after preparation of the pre-emulsion or mixture. At this time, the pre-emulsification and the starch in the flour paste composition are warmed up to a temperature before swelling and gelatinization, and depending on the temperature, a reduced pressure state is maintained in the range of -0.1013 MPa to -0.0400 MPa. The air that has been aspirated inside can be brought into a state almost as close as possible to a completely deaerated state, and the deaeration time can be shortened, which is efficient. The completely deaerated state mentioned here is a deaerated state in a range in which the air content of the final product can be stably maintained constant.
[0012]
When preparing or pre-emulsifying various raw materials in-line, the starch is first heated to about 50 to 65 ° C where the starch does not swell and gelatinize, and the deaeration is performed by depressurizing the water to a boiling state in the temperature range. Continuous deaeration can also be performed using a chamber. It is also possible to deaerate by combining the blending tank and the flash chamber. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, it is a method in which the pre-emulsification is performed at the same time as the starch is swollen and gelatinized at a temperature below the pre-emulsification temperature, and continuous deaeration is performed using an in-line flash chamber.
[0013]
Describe the types of gas. In the present invention, one kind or two or more kinds of inert gas, air or a mixture thereof can be used. The most preferable gas is nitrogen gas, which is economical and has little influence on the taste of the flour paste. Carbon dioxide gas is another commonly available gas, but it dissolves in the flour paste over time and exhibits a sour taste, so pH adjustment is necessary for use, with considerations in terms of formulation such as buffering agents Is available.
[0014]
Next, the gas injection position and the miniaturization process will be described. It is an essential condition to obtain the quality of the aerobic flour paste of the present invention that the gas injection position is before the heating step in which a preliminary emulsion or mixture is prepared and the starch in the flour paste composition swells and gelatinizes. It is recognized as a feature. Further, after the gas injection, the emulsification step is performed by an inline mixer such as aeromatic (manufactured by Aeromatic), pipeline homomixer (manufactured by Special Machine Industries Co., Ltd.), static mixer (manufactured by Noritake Co., Ltd.), or high pressure homogenizer. It is also a necessary condition for obtaining the quality of the aerobic flour paste of the present invention to refine the gas bubbles injected at the same time.
[0015]
As the injected gas bubbles are refined, they are dispersed in the flour paste composition as finer gas bubbles, making it difficult for gas aggregation or coalescence to occur during the manufacturing process or over time. Defoaming during firing can be extremely reduced.
On the other hand, if the gas bubbles are large without being refined, the gas bubbles are aggregated during the heating / cooling process during production, the final product becomes crunchy, and the commercial value of the appearance is remarkably lowered. In addition, when it is used as a product, agglomeration of gas bubbles over time occurs during storage, and further, gas bubbles expand due to heating during baking, and the flour paste becomes crispy after baking and the appearance is It is bad and the texture is also lowered.
[0016]
Subsequently, a gas injection control method will be described. A constant gas injection rate is important for continuous and stable production of products. For this purpose, the preliminary emulsion or mixture deaerated from the mixing tank, etc. is kept quantitative by a transfer device such as an inverter-controllable rotary pump that can maintain a constant pressure and flow rate, and a transfer pipe by a pressure gauge or the like. It is necessary to measure the internal pressure and feed back the value to the pump to improve the quantitative accuracy. On the other hand, for the injection gas, measure the flow rate of the pre-emulsion or mixture, and measure the injection gas flow rate with a flow meter etc. so that the final product can be kept at the set air content, while setting the injection amount to a preset value. It is necessary to control. Thus, manual control using a flow meter to keep the gas injection amount from the gas cylinder constant is also possible. However, since manpower is required, it is necessary to consider the point that the manufacturing cost increases. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the control of the air content is a method in which the pressure difference between the transfer pipe internal pressure and the injection gas pressure is automatically controlled to be constant and the air content of the final product is always maintained at the set value. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, a method of injecting a constant gas amount while keeping the flow rate of the emulsion or mixture constant can be exemplified.
[0017]
Next, the heating / sterilization process and stable production will be described. The heating / sterilization method of the present invention may be a heating / sterilization method generally known for flour pastes such as steam injection heating in which steam is directly injected, indirect heating such as ONRATOR (registered trademark).
When steam injection heating is selected, it is desirable to select a high-pressure homogenizer for the final emulsification and injection gas refinement steps. Since the steam for sterilization automatically controls the injected steam volume based on the pressure difference from the product pressure in the transfer pipe, the injection gas pressure and steam pressure control system can be disconnected to control the change in the injected steam volume to the minimum. Stable production is possible, and the quality can be kept constant. When final emulsification or injection gas refinement is performed using an in-line mixer or the like other than a high-pressure homogenizer in steam injection heating, a line pressure adjustment process called a cushion tank is used to separate the injection gas pressure and vapor pressure. Is more desirable for stable production.
On the other hand, when indirect heating is selected, there is no difference in product pressure, injection gas pressure, or vapor pressure, which is a problem with steam injection direct heating, so the refining process of the injection gas is not limited to line mixers, homogenizers, colloid mills, etc. Any emulsifier or stirrer can be selected. Before heating and sterilization exceeding the swelling of starch granules, gas is injected and the injected gas bubbles are re-refined, so there is no need for special control. Manufacturing is possible.
[0018]
Finally, the cooling / filling process / distribution method will be described. In the present invention, the flour paste that has undergone the heating and sterilization steps is cooled by a known method that is generally performed with flour pastes, such as a continuous scraping heat exchanger and immersion in cold water. Furthermore, it can be filled in a plastic film and sold by a general distribution method such as normal temperature, chilled, or frozen. Even at room temperature, the gas bubbles injected and refined according to the present invention do not cause aggregation, coalescence, and defoaming in the flour paste, and the characteristics of quality that do not require special storage and distribution management are recognized. .
[0019]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0020]
[Example 1]
A general raw material for flour paste for bread was selected, and various raw materials were put into a preparation tank according to a conventional method, and a preliminary emulsion was prepared by high-speed stirring for 5 minutes or more with a stirrer provided in the preparation tank. Next, it was confirmed that the temperature in the mixing tank was 50 ° C. to 60 ° C., and the internal pressure of the mixing tank was held at −0.066 MPa for 5 minutes for complete deaeration. Subsequently, the pre-emulsified flow rate was measured with an electromagnetic flow meter, the value was fed back to a rotor pump capable of inverter control, and the flow rate was 1 ton / hour. On the other hand, nitrogen gas was selected as the injection gas, the amount of gas was measured with a mass flow meter, the injection gas valve was cascade controlled, and the flow rate was maintained at 3 N liters / minute, and was proportionally injected into the preliminary emulsion in the piping. Next, special emulsification industry Co., Ltd. line homomixer PL500S, with 3000 rpm, secondary emulsification and refinement of injected gas bubbles are attempted, and further, final emulsification and re-injection of the injection gas are performed with a high-pressure homogenizer 50 kgf / square centimeter. After the micronization process, 95 ° C. steam injection heat sterilization was performed, followed by primary cooling in a scraping-type heat exchanger, filling in a pillow packaging form, and dipping in cold water to obtain a product. In this production, the air content was 3.0%.
[0021]
[Example 2]
In the manufacturing process of Example 1, the nitrogen gas injection amount was changed. As a result, the air content of the final product was 13.0%.
[0022]
[Comparative Example 1]
In the manufacturing process of Example 1, the nitrogen gas injection amount was further changed. As a result, the air content of the final product was 15.7%.
[0023]
[Comparative Example 2]
Although it is the same manufacturing process as Example 1, nitrogen gas injection was not performed.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003949079
* 1; Air content (%) = {(specific gravity before gas injection−specific gravity after gas injection) / specific gravity after gas injection} × 100
* 2: Represents the number of breads that have been wrapped uniformly in bread dough when skilled technicians have made 10 cream breads and the flower paste has been uniformly wrapped without baking out of the dough after baking. ○ means that if there are 10 cream breads that can be uniformly wrapped, Δ means 9 to 8 and × means 7 or less.
* 3: The heat resistance is x when the number of the powder paste boiled in the bread dough after baking is boiled and spread thinly is 10 to 7, and △ when 7 to 1. The case where there was not was set as ○.
* 4: The appearance of the cream after baking that the injection gas is significantly expanded, or the injection gas escapes or spreads thinly, x, the expansion of the bubbles is not remarkable after baking, and the appearance is good ○.
* 5: The evaluation by 10 experienced panelists was evaluated as 10 for 9 people, △ for 8-7 people, and x for less than 8 people.
[0025]
From the results of Table 1 above, the amount of injected gas in the present invention is 3.0% to 13.0% in terms of air content, which is an essential condition for heat resistance during baking, appearance after baking, and texture. It is clear that there is. The present invention is not limited to the above-described flour paste that is used for bread. Of course, if the blending composition is changed to a raw food application, it is of course possible to produce a flour paste for raw food use that is more palatable than before. is there.
[0026]
[Comparative Example 3]
Among the production steps of Example 1, the nitrogen gas injection position was changed between the high-pressure homogenizer final emulsification step and the 100 ° C. heat sterilization step.
[0027]
[Comparative Example 4]
In the manufacturing process of Example 1, the nitrogen gas injection position was changed immediately after the 95 ° C. heat sterilization process.
[0028]
[Comparative Example 5]
In the manufacturing process of Example 1, the nitrogen gas injection position was changed after the cooling process.
[0029]
[Comparative Example 6]
In Comparative Example 5, high-speed stirring was performed with an in-line stirrer manufactured by Aeromatic Co., Ltd. for the purpose of dispersing and re-refining the injected nitrogen gas.
[0030]
Table 2
Figure 0003949079
* 6: When manufacturing with steam heat sterilization process, there is no variation in the amount of injected steam and the set temperature can be maintained constant. On the other hand, the amount of injected steam cannot be maintained at the set temperature, which hinders continuous production. The case where it was received was set as x.
* 7: “X” indicates that air bubbles are aggregated on the 10th day after production, “Δ” indicates that air bubbles are aggregated on the 20th day, and “◯” indicates that no air bubbles are aggregated after 30 days. did.
[0031]
From the results in Table 2 above, it is clear that the gas injection position in the present invention is an essential condition before heating after complete deaeration and before the final emulsification step. However, when performing gas injection between the homogenizer treatment and steam heating, stable production could be achieved if the gas flow rate and pipe pressure were constant. In other words, injecting gas after the homogenizer treatment is not a preferable position because it takes time to achieve stable production, resulting in a decrease in product yield.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
According to the above description, according to the present invention, it is aerated like handmade custard cream, and therefore it does not feel a pasty feeling derived from starch which has been a problem in the past, and is full-scale and versatile. The flower paste can be hygienically and stably produced continuously, and consumers can enjoy a more authentic custard-flavored flower paste.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a manufacturing process example 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a manufacturing process example 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an injection gas control method example 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an injection gas control method example 2 according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
A ... Mixing tank B ... Stirrer C ... Mixing solution D ... In-line mixer E ... High-pressure homogenizer F ... Steam injection type direct heating device G ... Holding tank H with pressurizing device ... Scraping-type heat exchanger (cooling process)
I ... Filled product J ... Scraping type heat exchanger (primary heating)
K ... Flash chamber (deaeration process)
L ... scraping heat exchanger (starch swelling / sterilization process)
Air, vacuum degassing device N2, nitrogen cylinder P1, transfer pipe pressure meter P2, nitrogen gas injection pressure meter F1, product flow meter F2, nitrogen gas flow meter RP, rotary pump IRP, inverter control Rotary pump with RV ・ ・ Nitrogen gas flow control valve PR ・ ・ Transfer piping pressure control device PRS ・ Differential pressure calculation device and gas injection amount control device FRS ・ Gas injection amount control device

Claims (2)

フラワーペースト組成原料を混合・予備乳化した後、完全脱気してから澱粉の糊化・殺菌工程前に不活性ガスの1種類又は2種類以上のガス或いは空気又はその混合を最終製品の状態で含気率3.0%〜13.0%になるように注入し、更に1回以上の乳化工程を経て加熱殺菌し冷却、充填して得られる包餡焼成用の含気性フラワーペースト。After mixing and pre-emulsifying the raw material of the flour paste composition, one or two or more inert gases or air or a mixture of them are used in the final product state after the complete deaeration and before the gelatinization / sterilization process of starch. An air-containing flour paste for baking bales obtained by pouring so as to have an air content of 3.0% to 13.0%, further sterilizing by heating through one or more emulsification steps, cooling and filling. フラワーペースト組成原料を混合・予備乳化した後、一度完全脱気してから、その後予備乳化物或は混合物の流量とそれを移送する配管の内圧を予め測定し、その値を移送ポンプにフィードバックし、流量、配管圧を一定に保つとともに、澱粉の糊化・殺菌工程前に不活性ガスの1種類又は2種類以上のガス或いは空気又はその混合を最終製品の状態で含気率3.0%〜13.0%になるよう注入するが、含気量を一定に保つ為注入ガス量を測定し、予め設定の注入量になるようガス注入バルブを自動制御する、更に1回以上の乳化と注入ガスの微細化工程を経て、加熱殺菌、冷却、充填して得られる包餡焼成用の含気性フラワーペーストの製造方法。After mixing and pre-emulsifying the raw material of the flour paste composition, completely deaerate it once, then measure the flow rate of the pre-emulsion or mixture and the internal pressure of the pipe that transfers it, and feed back the value to the transfer pump. In addition to keeping the flow rate and pipe pressure constant, before the starch gelatinization / sterilization process, one or more inert gases or air or their mixture is 3.0% in the final product state Inject to 13.0%, measure the injection gas amount to keep the air content constant, and automatically control the gas injection valve to achieve a preset injection amount. A method for producing an air-containing flour paste for wrapping baking obtained by heat sterilization, cooling, and filling through a refined process of injected gas.
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