JP3940816B2 - Production method with improved storage stability of food or feed containing protein material, and food or feed additive composition therefor - Google Patents
Production method with improved storage stability of food or feed containing protein material, and food or feed additive composition therefor Download PDFInfo
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- JP3940816B2 JP3940816B2 JP24377099A JP24377099A JP3940816B2 JP 3940816 B2 JP3940816 B2 JP 3940816B2 JP 24377099 A JP24377099 A JP 24377099A JP 24377099 A JP24377099 A JP 24377099A JP 3940816 B2 JP3940816 B2 JP 3940816B2
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- food
- transglutaminase
- protamine
- preservability
- feed
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Links
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Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、保存性の優れた蛋白素材を含有する食品又は飼料の製造方法とそのための添加組成物に関する。本発明は、小麦、乳、卵、肉、大豆などに含まれる各種の蛋白質に反応し、作用するトランスグルタミナーゼとプロタミンとを併用することによって、これら蛋白素材を原料とする食品又は飼料の保存性を向上させようとするものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
プロタミンはサケあるいはニシンの雄魚の精巣、いわゆるしらこ中で成熟した精子のDNAと結合している強塩基性の単純蛋白質である。プロタミンは、しらこ蛋白という名称で食品添加物の保存料に指定され、プロタミン単独で抗菌作用を示すが、その抗菌性を有効に発現するには、既存の各種抗菌性物質と併用する(特開昭62‐201563、特開昭63‐17679)ことが行なわれ、麺類、水産練り製品、卵加工品など多くの食品にそれぞれに適した形態で使用されている。
【0003】
一方、トランスグルタミナーゼ(transglutaminase,γ−glutamyl transferase)は,ペプチド鎖内にあるグルタミン残基のγ−カルボキシアド基のアシル基転移反応を触媒する酵素であり、このトランスグルタミナーゼはアシル受容体としてタンパク質中のリジン残基のε−アミノ基が作用すると、分子内にε−(γ−Glu)−Lys架橋結合が形成される。この酵素は食品に含まれる蛋白質分子の架橋重合に利用され、麺類、水産練り製品、肉類移など各種食品の物性改良や接着に応用されており、「化学的合成品以外の食品添加物」として指定されている。しかし、このトランスグルタミナーゼ自体に抗菌性はなく、添加した食品の基質によって、その食品の保存性が決まってくる。尚、このトランスグルタミナーゼは、動物由来のもの、植物由来のもの、微生物由来のものが知られている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これまでプロタミンを実効性のある食品保存剤として利用するために、その抗菌スペクトルを広げ、また高価であるがゆえに微量で効力を発揮させるように研究されてきた。しかし、蛋白質を多く含む食品、特に、水産・畜産製品や小麦粉を主原料とする麺類および卵加工食品に対して保存効果を発揮させるためには、高濃度のプロタミンの添加が必要であり、経済性の点からプロタミンだけでは実用性がないとされていた。そのため、蛋白素材を含む食品や飼料においてもプロタミンの抗菌性を有効に発現できる併用効果の高い物質の発見とそれを組み立て実用性のある保存剤の開発が求められていた。
【0005】
本発明者らは、食品中でプロタミンの抗菌活性を有効に発現させるために新しい物質との併用効果を検索し、食品保存剤としていままで以上に実用性の高い製剤を開発すべく鋭意研究を重ねてきた。数多くの実験の結果から、蛋白質を含む食品の系においてプロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼとを併用すると、トランスグルタミナーゼの物性向上効果が保持され且つプロタミンの抗菌力が有効に発現されて、明らかに強い抗菌性を発揮する事実を新たに見出した。
【0006】
これは、トランスグルタミナーゼが蛋白質を構成するアミノ酸中のグルタミン残基とリジン残基の間に架橋結合を形成させ蛋白質の構造を変化させる、という特異性がプロタミンの抗菌力の発現に対して何らかの好影響を与えた為と推測する。
【0007】
本発明者は、このような新たに見出した技術的知見に基づき、蛋白素材を含有する食品の物性を向上させながら保存性を高めようとしたことを特徴とする食品又は飼料の製造方法と、そのための添加組成物を開発し、提供したのである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
特許を受けようとする第1発明は、蛋白素材を含有する食品又は飼料類の製造工程において、プロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼを添加・存在させることにより保存性を向上させたことを特徴とする食品又は飼料の製造方法である。
【0009】
当該第1発明は、プロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼを併用することによりトランスグルタミナーゼの品質向上効果を損なうことなく、保存性を向上させたことを特徴とする食品又は飼料の製造方法の発明である。保存性の向上については、トランスグルタミナーゼが反応して蛋白質を架橋重合した食品の環境下では、プロタミンの抗菌性が有効に発現するとの新しい技術的知見を利用した基本発明である。また、プロタミンはトランスグルタミナーゼの架橋重合反応を阻害しないので、本発明は物性向上効果、リジン導入による栄養性改善効果といったトランスグルタミナーゼの従来知られている効果も同時に発揮することができる。
【0010】
特許を受けようとする第2発明は、小麦粉やそば粉を主原料とする麺類、ぎょうざ等の皮類の製造工程において、プロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼを添加・存在させることにより保存性を向上させたことを特徴とする食品の製造方法である。
【0011】
小麦粉やそば粉の蛋白質の主成分であるグルテンは、グリアジンとグルテニンで構成されているが、前者は、小麦粉の粘性に富んだ物性を示し、後者は、グルテン網目構造の基本骨格となるもので、弾性に富んだ物性を示している。つまり、グルテンは加水と混煉により小麦グルテン中のL−システインの−SH基が酸化されて−S−S結合が形成され、グルテンの網目構造が粘弾性に富んだ物性となるようにしている。トランスグルタミナーゼは、これらグルテンの網目構造に作用し、分子内・分子間での共有結合(G−L結合)の形成を促して、麺類に粘りと弾力を増強する効果がある。つまり、麺類に自然なコシを再現するとともに、食感をコントロールし、保水力をアップして麺類のつなぎ性を向上するなどの品質向上効果をもたらす。このような環境下でプロタミンは、抗菌力を有効に発現するので、当該麺類の保存性が著しく向上する。
【0012】
特許を受けようとする第3発明は、水産製品又は畜肉製品の製造工程において、プロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼを添加・存在させることにより保存性を向上させたことを特徴とする食品の製造方法である。
【0013】
蛋白素材を主成分とする食品である水産製品は、大別すると水産加工品と水産練製品になるが、前者の水産加工品では、トランスグルタミナーゼは、素材本来の風味はそのままに、巻き寿司の具やえびパテや成型数の子などの成型用接着材として、まぐろ剥身などの結着力向上材として、たらこや明太子などの粒子感増強材として又は剥きえびなどのレトルト耐性の付与材として夫々の品質改良に使用されている。また、後者の水産練り製品にあっては、トランスグルタミナーゼは、蒸し板蒲鉾などの弾力増強剤として、笹蒲鉾や揚蒲鉾のしなやかさ付与材として、竹輪などの低級すり身への置き換え材として品質改善に使用されている。使用方法としては、粉まぶし法や水溶き法で添加されている。このようないずれの使用態様においても、トランスグルタミナーゼとプロタミンとを併用添加すると、プロタミンの抗菌力が有効に発現してその水産製品の保存性を高めることが出来る。
【0014】
他方、蛋白素材を主成分とする食品である畜肉製品では、トランスグルタミナーゼは、素材本来の風味をそのままに、成型ステーキなど畜肉片をくっつける接着材として、ハム、チャーシューなどの身割れ防止材として、ハム、ソーセージなどの結着力増強材として、ソーセージなどの弾力増強材として、ハムなどの風味改善材など食品の物性改良や接着による品質改良などに広く使用されてきた。本発明は、トランスグルタミナーゼとプロタミンとを併用することによって、いずれの使用態様においても食品の物性向上効果を損なうことなく、保存性を高め商品の付加価値を大きくするものである。尚、トランスグルタミナーゼとプロタミンの併用添加組成物は、水溶き添加法、粉まぶし法、粉振込み法、ピックル液使用法、粉添加法など多様な方法で添加・存在させることが可能である。
【0015】
特許を受けようとする第4発明は、卵加工食品の製造工程において、プロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼを添加・存在させることにより保存性を向上させたことを特徴とする食品の製造方法である。
【0016】
第4発明の対象である卵加工食品の蛋白質は、卵白蛋白質(オボアルブミン)と卵黄蛋白質とからなっており、トランスグルタミナーゼは、特に卵黄蛋白質に良く反応して、卵焼きの弾力をよくしたり、薄焼き卵を形成しやすくするなどの物性向上効果を発揮する。この際プロタミンを併用すると、プロタミンの抗菌性が有効に発現して、出来た製品の保存性が飛躍的に良くなる効果がある。
【0017】
上記のように本願発明は、いずれもトランスグルタミナーゼが物性の改良に使用できる食品、特に小麦粉を主原料とする麺類・皮類、水産及び畜産製品、卵加工食品においてプロタミンと併用することで、保存効果が高まり、保存性向上と物性改良が同時に達成できる。また本発明の食品製造方法に用いるプロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼの量は食品の風味に影響がないことから、優れた食品の製造方法である。
【0018】
特許を受けようとする第5発明は、プロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼを混合するか又は溶媒に溶解して成る蛋白素材を含有する食品又は飼料の保存性を向上させるための添加組成物である。
【0019】
当該第5発明は、蛋白素材を主原料とする食品又は飼料の保存性を高めながら物性を向上させる添加組成物として、それ自体を製品化した発明である。あらゆる食品において品質と保存性を両立させることは、求められている理想であり、課題である。特に、近年デリカ食品など製造してから流通し、食するまでに時間がかかることが多くなると、物性を向上させながら保存性を高めるということは、その食品の付加価値を大きく高めることになる。本発明の添加組成物は、このような観点から強いニーズに応えた価値の高い発明である。
【0020】
【実施例】
本発明に用いるプロタミンは、サケ、ニシン、スケソウタラ等の精子核中にデオキシリボ核酸と結合したヌクレオプロタミンとして存在する比較的低分子量の高アルギニン含有の強塩基性蛋白質である。本発明においては、遊離状態のプロタミン、あるいはプロタミン硫酸塩、塩酸塩などの塩などいずれの形でも用いることができる。尚、当該プロタミンの製造方法には色々あるが、一般には、前記魚類の精巣を磨砕し、希硫酸又は希塩酸を加え、得られたプロタミン抽出液にアルコールを加えて沈殿させ、これを強塩基性のイオン交換樹脂を用いてフリーのプロタミンにする方法が行われている。しかし、どのような方法で得られたものでも、食品衛生上問題がないものであれば、本発明において使用可能である。
【0021】
本発明に用いるトランスグルタミナーゼは、前記の活性を有する酵素で、カルシウム非依存性のものとカルシウム依存性のものがあるが、いずれも使用することが可能である.前者の例としては、微生物由来のもの(例えば、特開平1−27471号参照)をあげることができる.後者の例としては、モルモット肝臓由来のもの(特公平1−50382号参照)、動物血液由来のもの、及び魚由来のものをあげることができる.この他、遺伝子組み換え法により製造されるもの(特開平1−300889及び特開平5−199883号)等もある。本発明には、いずれのトランスグルタミナーゼでも用いることができ、起源及び製法には特別の制限はない.
【0022】
本発明が対象とする食品は、トランスグルタミナーゼが有効に機能できるタンパク質を含む食品であり、例えば、小麦粉を主原料とする食品として中華麺、日本そば、うどん類、及びぎょうざ、しゅうまい、ワンタン、春巻きなどの皮類、生・半生パスタなどがある。水産・畜産製品としては、蒸し板蒲鉾、笹蒲鉾、揚蒲鉾、カニ足タイプ蒲鉾、竹輪、ホタテパテ、エビパテ、塩蔵カズノコ、ロースハムなどのハム類、ベーコン、ソーセージ類、ミートボール、ハンバーグ、トンカツ、チキンナゲット結着成型肉などがある。卵加工食品としては、卵焼き、茶碗蒸し、卵豆腐、プリン、カスタードクリームなどがある。
【0023】
本発明の保存性の向上した食品の製造用組成物は、プロタミン1重量部に対してトランスグルタミナーゼが0.01から50重量部含有され、食品中にこの組成物がプロタミンとして20から2000ppm、好ましくは100から500ppm含有されていればよい。
【0024】
以下、実施例によって本発明を更に詳しく説明する。もちろん、これによって本発明の技術的範囲は制限されるものではない。
【0025】
<実施例1>(蒸し中華麺)
準強力小麦粉1kgに対して、プロタミン(サケの精巣より調製)0.1g、トランスグルタミナーゼ製剤(味の素(株)の商品名「アクティバTG−M」、トランスグルタミナーゼ0.2%含有)10g、食塩10g、粉末かんすい6g及び食用黄色色素0.4gをそれぞれ水360mlに溶解したものを打ち水として使用し、10分間混練した後、これをビニール袋に入れ、20℃で60分熟成後圧延し、切歯(#10)にて麺線を切り出した。これを98℃以上で6分間蒸し上げ、水洗、水切り後、40gづつをポリエチレン製袋に包装し、85℃で30分間加熱して蒸し中華麺を製造した。さらにプロタミンまたはトランスグルタミナーゼ製剤をそれぞれ単独で添加した添加区及び両者を添加しない無添加区の蒸し中華麺を製造し、各添加区を10個づつ30℃に保存して、経時的に外観観察を行った。その結果を第1表に示す。尚、保存効果の判定は下記の変敗評点の基準により行った。
【0026】
【表1】
【0027】
<実施例2>(ぎょうざの皮)
準強力粉1kg、水360g、食塩10gの基本処方に第2表に示す濃度のプロタミン、トランスグルタミナーゼ製剤(味の素(株)の商品名「アクティバTG−M」、トランスグルタミナーゼ0.2%含有)、及びプロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼ製剤の両者を添加し、横型混捏機を用いて20分間混捏後、4寸ロールで4回複合して麺体を調製した。これをビニール袋に入れ、室温で1時間熟成後、ロールの間隙を徐々に狭くして4回で1mmの厚さまで圧延した。これを直径9cmの抜き型を使用して打ち抜き、1枚づつビニール袋に入れ、各試験区10枚作成し、20℃に保存して実施例1と同様の変敗評価基準により有効保存日数を求めた。プロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼの併用試験区は、単品試験区よりも保存性が格段に向上し、 破れにくくしなやかであった。
【0028】
【表2】
【0029】
<実施例3>(かまぼこ)
スケソウダラSA級冷凍すり身6kgに、食塩180g、馬鈴薯澱粉300g、および氷水1.2kgを添加し、サイレントカッターで13分間処理してねり肉を調製した。このねり肉3kgに第3表に示す割合なるようにプロタミン、トランスグルタミナーゼ製剤(味の素(株)の商品名「アクティバTG−K」、トランスグルタミナーゼ1.0%含有)を添加し、5分間擂潰し、30℃で60分間加温してすわらせた後、塩化ビニリデンフィルム(折径50mm)に約100gづつ充填し、90℃の熱水中で30分加熱したのち流水で30分間冷却し得た蒲鉾を、同様にして得た無添加の蒲鉾とともに保存試験標本とした。
【0030】
保存試験は、ケーシング蒲鉾を一試験区当たり10本づつ25℃の恒温器で保存し、保存性を肉眼で観察し、保存効果を判定した。判定基準としては、下記の5段階評点法を用い、平均点が1点に達するまでの日数を有効保存日数とした。試験区及び保存日数を第3表に示す。本発明のプロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼの併用試験区は、単品試験区よりも保存性が向上し、蒲鉾の弾力や食感も優れていた。
【0031】
【表3】
【0032】
<実施例4>(ウインナーソーセージ)
豚肉及びマトンの挽肉の等量混合物6kgに、豚脂15%、食塩2.5%、重合燐酸塩0.1%、スパイス0.5%、亜硝酸ナトリウム70ppm及び氷水10%を加え、サイレントカッターで10分間処理した.得られたエマルジョン肉3kgに、第4表に示す割合になるようにプロタミン、トランスグルタミナーゼ製剤(味の素(株)の商品名「アクティバTG−S」、トランスグルタミナーゼ1.0%含有)を添加し、擂潰機で5分間混合し10℃で30分間保持後、手動式スタッファーを用いて約15gづつ羊腸に充填した。これをスモークハウスで40分間乾燥し、スモーク及び蒸煮を行い、中心温度が75℃になるように加熱して、ウインナーソーセージを製造した.冷却後、滅菌シャーレにウインナーソーセージ2本づつ、1試験区10枚のシャーレを用意し、20℃で保存し、保存性を実施例3に示した5段階評点法で判定し、有効保存日数を求めた。その結果を第4表に示す。本発明のプロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼの併用試験区は、明らかに保存性が向上し、また弾力・歯ごたえなどの物性面においても他の試験区よりも改善された。
【0033】
【表4】
【0034】
<実施例5>(卵焼き)
卵750g、だし汁165g、砂糖42g、食塩3.8gを混合して卵液を調製し、第5表に示す割合なるようにプロタミン、トランスグルタミナーゼ製剤(味の素(株)の商品名「アクティバTG−S」、トランスグルタミナーゼ1.0%含有)を添加し静かに攪拌した。これを30℃で30分間保持後、予め少量の食用油を含ませ弱火で加温したフライパンに注いだ。約90秒後に少し凝固しかけた卵を約90秒かけて折り返し、さらに約60秒ほど20秒間隔で裏返しを繰り返した。次いで、内容物をフライパンより取り出し、室温にて放冷し、耐熱性ポリエチレン袋に入れて85℃、10分間ボイル殺菌した。冷却後、袋から出し、トレーパックにして25℃に保存して経時的に一般生菌数を測定した。保存結果を第5表に示す。有効保存日数は一般生菌数が105個/gになるまでの日数とした。プロタミンとトランスグルタミナーゼの併用試験区は、単品試験区よりも有効保存日数が長くなり保存性が向上した。またこの併用試験区の卵焼きは水っぽくなく、組織が緻密になりソフトで舌ざわりが良好であった。
【0035】
【表5】
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、叙上のように、トランスグルタミナーゼが反応して蛋白質を架橋重合化した食品の環境下では、プロタミンの抗菌性が有効に発現するうえ、プロタミンは、トランスグルタミナーゼが有する蛋白質の物性向上作用や品質改良効果を阻害することがないので、両者を併用することにより、保存性と物性の向上を同時に実現した食品や飼料を製造することができる。蛋白素材を含有する食品において品質の向上と保存性の向上を同時に図ることは、誰でも望むことであるが、実現は難しいとされていた技術課題であった。本発明は、これを解消したもので食品の付加価値を相乗的に高めた技術である。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for producing a food or feed containing a protein material having excellent storage stability and an additive composition therefor. The present invention uses a transglutaminase that reacts with and acts on various proteins contained in wheat, milk, egg, meat, soybean, etc., and protamine in combination, thereby preserving food or feed using these protein materials as raw materials. It is going to improve.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Protamine have that salmon is a simple protein of a strong base of which is bound male fish testis of the herring, the DNA of sperm mature in the so-called milt. Protamine is designated as a preservative for food additives under the name shirako protein, and protamine alone has antibacterial activity, but in order to effectively exhibit its antibacterial properties, it is used in combination with existing antibacterial substances (special Kaisho 62-201563, JP-A 63-17679) are used in various forms suitable for various foods such as noodles, marine products and processed egg products.
[0003]
On the other hand, transglutaminase (γ-glutamyl transferase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the acyl transfer reaction of γ-carboxyad group of glutamine residue in peptide chain, and this transglutaminase acts as an acyl acceptor in proteins. When the ε-amino group of the lysine residue acts, an ε- (γ-Glu) -Lys cross-linking bond is formed in the molecule. This enzyme is used for cross-linking polymerization of protein molecules contained in foods, and is applied to improve the physical properties and adhesion of various foods such as noodles, fish paste products, meat transfer, etc., and designated as “food additives other than chemically synthesized products” Has been. However, this transglutaminase itself has no antibacterial property, and the preservation property of the food is determined by the added food substrate. This transglutaminase is known to be derived from animals, from plants, or from microorganisms.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
So far, in order to use protamine as an effective food preservative, research has been made to broaden its antibacterial spectrum and to exert its effect in a minute amount because it is expensive. However, high levels of protamine must be added in order to exert a preservative effect on foods rich in protein, especially fish and livestock products, noodles made from wheat flour, and processed eggs. From the standpoint of sex, it was said that protamine alone was not practical. For this reason, there has been a demand for the discovery of a highly effective substance that can effectively develop the antibacterial properties of protamine in foods and feeds containing protein materials, and the development of a practical preservative that can be assembled.
[0005]
The present inventors searched for the effect of combined use with a new substance in order to effectively develop the antibacterial activity of protamine in food, and conducted intensive research to develop a more practical formulation than ever before as a food preservative. It has been repeated. From the results of many experiments, when protamine and transglutaminase are used in combination in food systems containing protein, the physical property improvement effect of transglutaminase is retained and the antibacterial activity of protamine is effectively expressed. I found a new fact to show.
[0006]
This is because transglutaminase forms a cross-linking bond between glutamine and lysine residues in the amino acids that make up the protein, thereby changing the structure of the protein. I guess it was because of the influence.
[0007]
The present inventor, based on such newly found technical knowledge, tried to improve the storage while improving the physical properties of food containing protein material, and a method for producing food or feed, An additive composition for this purpose was developed and provided.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A first invention to be patented is a food or feed characterized in that, in the production process of food or feed containing a protein material, preservability is improved by adding / existing protamine and transglutaminase. It is a manufacturing method.
[0009]
The first aspect of the present invention is an invention of a method for producing food or feed, characterized in that the preservability is improved without impairing the quality improvement effect of transglutaminase by using protamine and transglutaminase in combination. The improvement of preservability is a basic invention that utilizes new technical knowledge that the antibacterial properties of protamine are effectively expressed in the environment of foods in which transglutaminase reacts to cross-link and polymerize proteins. In addition, since protamine does not inhibit the cross-linking polymerization reaction of transglutaminase, the present invention can simultaneously exhibit the conventionally known effects of transglutaminase such as an effect of improving physical properties and an effect of improving nutrition by introducing lysine.
[0010]
The second invention to be patented improved the storage stability by adding and presenting protamine and transglutaminase in the manufacturing process of noodles and wheat skins such as noodles made mainly from wheat flour and buckwheat flour. A method for producing a food characterized by the following.
[0011]
Gluten, which is the main component of wheat flour and buckwheat protein, is composed of gliadin and glutenin. The former shows the rich physical properties of flour, and the latter is the basic skeleton of the gluten network structure. It shows physical properties rich in elasticity. In other words, gluten is hydrated and mixed to oxidize the -SH group of L-cysteine in wheat gluten to form an -SS bond, so that the network structure of gluten has physical properties rich in viscoelasticity. . Transglutaminase acts on the network structure of these gluten and promotes the formation of a covalent bond (GL bond) between molecules or between molecules, and has an effect of enhancing the stickiness and elasticity of noodles. In other words, it reproduces the natural stiffness of the noodles and brings about quality improvement effects such as controlling the texture and improving the water retention and improving the connectivity of the noodles. In such an environment, protamine effectively exhibits antibacterial activity, so that the storage stability of the noodles is significantly improved.
[0012]
The third invention to be patented is a method for producing a food product characterized in that preservability is improved by adding and presenting protamine and transglutaminase in the production process of fishery products or livestock meat products.
[0013]
Marine products, which are foods based on protein materials, can be broadly classified into processed fishery products and processed fishery products. In the former processed fishery products, transglutaminase retains the original flavor of the sushi roll. Each quality as an adhesive for molding of ingredients, shrimp patties and number of children, as a binding force improver such as tuna flakes, as a particle feeling enhancer such as cod roe and mentaiko or as a retort resistant imparting material such as peeled shrimp Used for improvement. Also, in the latter fishery product, transglutaminase is used as an elasticity enhancer for steamed rice cakes, as a material for imparting suppleness of straw and fried rice, and as a substitute for lower surimi such as bamboo rings. in use. As a method of use, it is added by a dusting method or a water-soluble method. In any of such usage modes, when transglutaminase and protamine are added in combination, the antibacterial activity of protamine is effectively expressed and the preservation of the marine product can be enhanced.
[0014]
On the other hand, in livestock meat products, which are foods based on protein materials, transglutaminase is used as an adhesive to attach pieces of livestock such as molded steaks while maintaining the original flavor of the material, and as an anti-breaking material such as ham and char siu, It has been widely used to improve the physical properties of foods such as ham and sausage, as a material for enhancing the binding strength of sausages, as a material for enhancing the elasticity of sausages, and as a flavor improving material such as ham, and to improve the quality by adhesion. In the present invention, by using transglutaminase and protamine in combination, preservability is enhanced and the added value of the product is increased without impairing the effect of improving the physical properties of the food in any of the usage modes. The combined addition composition of transglutaminase and protamine can be added and existed by various methods such as a water-soluble addition method, a dusting method, a powder transfer method, a pickle solution usage method, and a powder addition method.
[0015]
A fourth invention to be patented is a food production method characterized in that in the production process of an egg processed food, the preservability is improved by adding and existing protamine and transglutaminase.
[0016]
The protein of the egg processed food that is the subject of the fourth invention is composed of egg white protein (ovalbumin) and egg yolk protein, and transglutaminase reacts particularly well with egg yolk protein to improve the elasticity of fried egg, Demonstrate physical properties, such as facilitating the formation of thin baked eggs. In this case, when protamine is used in combination, the antibacterial properties of protamine are effectively expressed, and the shelf life of the resulting product is greatly improved.
[0017]
As described above, the present invention can be preserved by using in combination with protamine in foods in which transglutaminase can be used to improve physical properties, particularly in noodles and skins, marine and livestock products, egg processed foods mainly made of wheat flour. The effect is enhanced, and storage stability and physical properties can be improved at the same time. Moreover, since the amount of protamine and transglutaminase used in the food production method of the present invention does not affect the flavor of the food, it is an excellent food production method.
[0018]
The fifth invention to be patented is an additive composition for improving the preservability of food or feed containing a protein material prepared by mixing protamine and transglutaminase or dissolving in a solvent.
[0019]
The fifth invention is an invention in which the product itself is commercialized as an additive composition that improves the physical properties while improving the preservability of foods or feeds mainly composed of protein materials. Balancing quality and preservability in all foods is a desired ideal and a challenge. In particular, if it takes a long time to produce and deliver a Delica food in recent years, increasing the storage stability while improving the physical properties greatly increases the added value of the food. The additive composition of the present invention is a highly valuable invention that meets strong needs from such a viewpoint.
[0020]
【Example】
Protamine used in the present invention is a strong basic protein having a relatively low molecular weight and high arginine, which is present as nucleoprotamine bound to deoxyribonucleic acid in sperm nuclei such as salmon, herring and walleye pollack. In the present invention, any form such as free protamine, or a salt of protamine sulfate or hydrochloride can be used. Although there are various methods for producing protamine, generally, the testis of the fish is ground, diluted sulfuric acid or diluted hydrochloric acid is added, and the resulting protamine extract is precipitated by adding alcohol, which is then used as a strong base. A method for producing free protamine using a functional ion exchange resin has been performed. However, any method obtained by any method can be used in the present invention as long as there is no problem in food hygiene.
[0021]
The transglutaminase used in the present invention is an enzyme having the above-mentioned activity, which is calcium-independent or calcium-dependent, and any of them can be used. Examples of the former include those derived from microorganisms (for example, see JP-A-1-27471). Examples of the latter include those derived from guinea pig liver (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-50382), those derived from animal blood, and those derived from fish. In addition, there are also those produced by genetic recombination methods (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 1-330809 and 5-199883). Any transglutaminase can be used in the present invention, and there are no particular restrictions on the origin and production method.
[0022]
The food targeted by the present invention is a food containing a protein capable of effectively functioning transglutaminase, for example, Chinese noodles, Japanese soba noodles, udon, and gyoza, shumai, wonton, spring roll There are skins such as raw and semi-fresh pasta. As fishery and livestock products, steamed sardines, salmon, deep-fried salmon, crab foot-type salmon, bamboo rings, scallop patties, shrimp patties, salted kazunoko, roast ham and other hams, bacon, sausages, meatballs, hamburger, tonkatsu, chicken nuggets There are binding-molded meat. Egg processed foods include fried eggs, steamed tea, egg tofu, pudding, and custard cream.
[0023]
The composition for producing a food with improved shelf life of the present invention contains 0.01 to 50 parts by weight of transglutaminase per 1 part by weight of protamine, and the composition contains 20 to 2000 ppm as protamine in the food, preferably May be contained in an amount of 100 to 500 ppm.
[0024]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. Of course, this does not limit the technical scope of the present invention.
[0025]
<Example 1> (Steamed Chinese noodles)
Progamine (prepared from salmon testis) 0.1 g, semi-strong wheat flour 1 kg, transglutaminase preparation (Ajinomoto Co., Inc. trade name “Activa TG-M”, containing 0.2% transglutaminase) 10 g, salt 10 g Then, 6 g of powdered rice cake and 0.4 g of edible yellow pigment dissolved in 360 ml of water are used as water for pouring, kneaded for 10 minutes, put in a plastic bag, aged at 20 ° C. for 60 minutes, rolled, and incisors The noodle strings were cut out at (# 10). This was steamed at 98 ° C. or higher for 6 minutes, washed with water and drained, and 40 g each was packaged in a polyethylene bag and heated at 85 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce steamed Chinese noodles. In addition, steamed Chinese noodles were produced in the added group where the protamine or transglutaminase preparation was added alone and in the non-added group where both were added, and each of the added groups was stored at 30 ° C., and the appearance was observed over time. went. The results are shown in Table 1. The preservation effect was determined according to the following criteria for deterioration scores.
[0026]
[Table 1]
[0027]
<Example 2> (gyoza skin)
A basic formulation of quasi-strong powder 1 kg, water 360 g, and salt 10 g, with a concentration of protamine shown in Table 2 and a transglutaminase preparation (trade name “Activa TG-M” of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., containing 0.2% of transglutaminase), and Both protamine and a transglutaminase preparation were added, and after kneading for 20 minutes using a horizontal kneader, a noodle body was prepared by combining 4 times with a 4-inch roll. This was put in a plastic bag and aged at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the roll gap was gradually narrowed and rolled to a thickness of 1 mm four times. This was punched out using a punching die with a diameter of 9 cm, put into a plastic bag one by one, made 10 test zones, stored at 20 ° C., and the effective storage days according to the same deterioration evaluation criteria as in Example 1. Asked. The combination test group of protamine and transglutaminase was significantly more preservable than the single product test group, and was more difficult to break.
[0028]
[Table 2]
[0029]
<Example 3> (Kamaboko)
To 6 kg of walleye pollock SA grade frozen surimi, 180 g of sodium chloride, 300 g of potato starch and 1.2 kg of ice water were added and processed with a silent cutter for 13 minutes to prepare a meat. Protamine, transglutaminase preparation (Ajinomoto Co., Inc. trade name "Activa TG-K" containing 1.0% transglutaminase) is added to 3 kg of this meat and crushed for 5 minutes. After heating at 30 ° C. for 60 minutes and then allowing it to stir, it was filled into vinylidene chloride films (folded diameter 50 mm) in about 100 g, heated in hot water at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then cooled in running water for 30 minutes. The cocoon was used as a preservation test specimen together with the additive-free cocoon obtained in the same manner.
[0030]
In the preservation test, ten casing jars were stored in a 25 ° C. incubator per test section, the preservation was observed with the naked eye, and the preservation effect was determined. As a criterion for judgment, the following five-stage scoring method was used, and the number of days until the average score reached 1 was defined as the effective storage days. Table 3 shows the test plots and storage days. The combination test group of protamine and transglutaminase of the present invention was improved in storage stability and superior in elasticity and texture of the candy than the single test group.
[0031]
[Table 3]
[0032]
<Example 4> (Wiener sausage)
To 6 kg of an equal mixture of minced pork and mutton, add 15% pork fat, 2.5% salt, 0.1% polymerized phosphate, 0.5% spice, 70 ppm sodium nitrite and 10% ice water, silent cutter For 10 minutes. To 3 kg of the obtained emulsion meat, add protamine and a transglutaminase preparation (trade name “Activa TG-S” of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., containing 1.0% transglutaminase) so as to have the ratio shown in Table 4. After mixing for 5 minutes with a grinder and holding at 10 ° C. for 30 minutes, the sheep intestines were filled by about 15 g using a manual stuffer. This was dried in a smoke house for 40 minutes, smoked and steamed, and heated to a center temperature of 75 ° C. to produce Wiener sausage. After cooling, prepare two wiener sausages in a sterilized petri dish and prepare 10 petri dishes for each test section, store at 20 ° C, determine the preservability by the 5-stage scoring method shown in Example 3, and determine the effective storage days. Asked. The results are shown in Table 4. The combination test group of protamine and transglutaminase of the present invention clearly improved the storage stability, and also improved physical properties such as elasticity and crunchiness compared to other test groups.
[0033]
[Table 4]
[0034]
<Example 5> (Fried egg)
Egg liquid was prepared by mixing 750 g of egg, 165 g of soup stock, 42 g of sugar, and 3.8 g of salt, and the protamine and transglutaminase preparation (trade name “Activa TG-S” of Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) had the ratio shown in Table 5. "Transglutaminase 1.0% contained) was added and gently stirred. After maintaining this at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes, it was poured into a frying pan that contained a small amount of edible oil and was heated on low heat. After about 90 seconds, the egg, which had been slightly solidified, was turned back over about 90 seconds, and then turned over at intervals of 20 seconds for about 60 seconds. The contents were then removed from the frying pan, allowed to cool at room temperature, placed in a heat-resistant polyethylene bag, and sterilized by boiling for 10 minutes at 85 ° C. After cooling, it was removed from the bag, stored in a tray pack at 25 ° C., and the number of general viable bacteria was measured over time. The storage results are shown in Table 5. Enable retention period is generally the number of viable bacteria was the number of days until the 10 5 / g. The combined test group of protamine and transglutaminase has a longer effective storage period than the single product test group, and the storage stability is improved. In addition, the fried egg in this combination test section was not watery, the structure was dense, soft and the tongue was good.
[0035]
[Table 5]
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, as described above, in the environment of a food in which transglutaminase reacts to cross-link and polymerize the protein, the antibacterial property of protamine is effectively expressed, and protamine improves the physical properties of the protein that transglutaminase has. Since the action and the quality improvement effect are not hindered, by using both of them together, it is possible to produce foods and feeds that simultaneously realize the preservation and the physical properties. At the same time, it is a technical problem that has been difficult to achieve, although anyone wants to improve the quality and storage stability of foods containing protein materials. The present invention is a technique that solves this problem and synergistically increases the added value of food.
Claims (5)
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