JP3906322B2

JP3906322B2 - Combined cultivation system of mushrooms and greenhouse horticulture

Info

Publication number: JP3906322B2
Application number: JP25820596A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 賢次古屋
Original assignee: 賢次古屋
Priority date: 1996-09-30
Filing date: 1996-09-30
Publication date: 2007-04-18
Anticipated expiration: 2016-09-30
Also published as: JPH1098949A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はキノコと植物の共生を利用して栽培を行うキノコと施設園芸の複合栽培システムに関する。
【０００２】
【従来技術及び課題】
一般に、キノコと植物を共生させることは、キノコの呼吸作用と植物の炭酸同化作用を相互に補償し、両者の好ましい栽培環境をつくる上で望ましい。例えば、通常、植物の栽培環境における二酸化炭素濃度は数百ｐｐｍ程度であるが、キノコを共生させることにより、二酸化炭素濃度が１万ｐｐｍ程度まで高められ、この結果、植物の光合成作用を加速させることができる。
【０００３】
このため、従来よりキノコと植物を共生させて栽培することが試みられているが、二酸化炭素による地球環境への悪影響を考慮したり、商業的に有効な栽培システムとしては実用化されておらず、これらの課題を解決したキノコと施設園芸の複合栽培システムが望まれていた。
【０００４】
本発明はこのような従来の要請に応えたものであり、二酸化炭素による地球環境への悪影響を排し、商業的にも十分に利用できるようにしたキノコと施設園芸の複合栽培システムの提供を目的とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段及び実施の形態】
本発明に係る複合栽培システム１は、キノコＭ…を栽培するキノコ栽培室３を有するキノコ栽培施設２と、施設園芸により野菜等の植物Ｐａ…，Ｐｂ…を栽培する植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂを有する園芸施設４と、キノコ栽培室３と植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂを第一ダクト７ａ，７ｂにより連通接続し、かつ第一ダクト７ａ，７ｂを通してキノコ栽培室３から植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂに送風する第一送風機８及び少なくとも当該第一ダクト７ａ，７ｂを開閉する第一切換弁９ａ，９ｂを有する二酸化炭素供給部６と、キノコ栽培室３と植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂを第二ダクト１１ａ，１１ｂにより連通接続し、かつ第二ダクト１１ａ，１１ｂを通して植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂからキノコ栽培室３に送風する第二送風機１２ａ，１２ｂ及び少なくとも当該第二ダクト１１ａ，１１ｂを開閉する第二切換弁１３ａ，１３ｂを有する酸素供給部１０と、キノコ栽培室３及び（又は）植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂの二酸化炭素濃度を二酸化炭素濃度センサ１４ｃ，１４ａ，１４ｂにより検出し、第一切換弁９ａ，９ｂ及び第二切換弁１３ａ，１３ｂを切換えることにより、キノコ栽培室３及び（又は）植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂの二酸化炭素濃度を制御する制御部１６とを備えるとともに、少なくとも制御部１６は、第一切換弁９ａ，９ｂを切換えることにより、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素を植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂに対して断続的に供給し、及び（又は）第二切換弁１３ａ，１３ｂを切換えることにより、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂの酸素をキノコ栽培室３に対して断続的に供給する機能を有することを特徴とする。
【０００６】
この場合、好適な実施の形態により、制御部１６には第一切換弁９ａ，９ｂを切換えることにより、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素を、複数の植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂに対して同時に又は選択的に供給する機能を設けるとともに、第二切換弁１３ａ，１３ｂを切換えることにより、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂの酸素をキノコ栽培室３に供給し又は大気に排出する機能を設けることができる。
【０００７】
このような複合栽培システム１により、キノコ栽培室３ではキノコＭ…が栽培されるとともに、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂでは野菜等の植物Ｐａ，Ｐｂが栽培される。したがって、キノコ栽培室３のキノコＭ…（培養菌糸）からは呼吸作用によって大量の二酸化炭素及び呼吸熱が発生するとともに、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂの植物Ｐａ，Ｐｂからは炭酸同化作用によって酸素が発生する。よって、例えば、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素濃度を二酸化炭素濃度センサ１４ｃにより検出し、検出した二酸化炭素濃度が設定値を越えた場合には、第一送風機８を作動させるとともに、第一切換弁９ａを切換えることにより、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素及び呼吸熱を第一ダクト７ａを介して植物栽培室５ａに供給し、さらに、第二送風機１２ａを作動させるとともに、第二切換弁１３ａを切換えることにより、植物栽培室５ａの酸素を第二ダクト１１ａを介してキノコ栽培室３に供給すれば、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素を大気に排出することなく、植物Ｐａの生長に利用できる。また、植物栽培室５ａの二酸化炭素濃度を検出し、予め設定した濃度に達したなら、他の植物栽培室５ｂに二酸化炭素濃度を供給することができる。この場合、第一切換弁９ｂを切換えることにより、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素を第一ダクト７ｂを介して植物栽培室５ｂに供給し、さらに、第二送風機１２ｂを作動させるとともに、第二切換弁１３ｂを切換えることにより、植物栽培室５ｂの酸素を第二ダクト１１ｂを介してキノコ栽培室３に供給又は大気に排出する。このように、複数の植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂに対して同時又は選択的に二酸化炭素を供給することにより、一つの植物栽培室５ａでは利用しきれない二酸化炭素及び呼吸熱を大気に放出させることなく全て利用できる。一方、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素を植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂに対して断続的に供給し、或いは、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂの酸素をキノコ栽培室３に対して断続的に供給することにより、キノコＭ…又は植物Ｐａ…，Ｐｂ…の生長に刺激を与えることができる。
【０００８】
【実施例】
次に、本発明に係る好適な実施例を挙げ、図面に基づき詳細に説明する。
【０００９】
まず、本実施例に係る複合栽培システム１の構成について、図１を参照して説明する。
【００１０】
図中、符号１は複合栽培システムの原理的全体構成を示す。２はキノコ栽培施設であり、キノコＭ…を栽培するキノコ栽培室３を有する。キノコ栽培室３ではキノコＭ…の栽培環境に必要な温度，湿度，照度等の設定がなされている。キノコ栽培室３には、菌糸培養室，芽出し室，生育室等が含まれるが、特に、菌糸培養室が望ましい。
【００１１】
また、４は園芸施設であり、施設園芸により野菜等の植物Ｐａ…を栽培する植物栽培室５ａと、他の異なる植物Ｐｂ…を栽培する植物栽培室５ｂを有する。なお、キノコＭ…と共生させる際には植物Ｐａ…を優先させて行う。各植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂは基本的には温室を利用でき、植物Ｐａ…と植物Ｐｂ…の栽培環境に必要な温度，湿度等の設定がなされている。
【００１２】
一方、キノコ栽培室３と植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂ間には、二酸化炭素供給部６及び酸素供給部１０を付設する。
【００１３】
二酸化炭素供給部６は、キノコ栽培室３と植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂをそれぞれ連通接続する第一ダクト７ａ，７ｂを有する。この場合、第一ダクト７ａと７ｂはキノコ栽培室３側で合流させ、その合流個所に第一送風機８を付設する。第一送風機８はキノコ栽培室３から第一ダクト７ａ，７ｂを通して、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂに送風する機能を有する。さらにまた、第一ダクト７ａ，７ｂの中途には大気に連通する開放口７ａｏ，７ｂｏを分岐して設け、この分岐部位にダンパ（三方切換弁）を用いた第一切換弁９ａ，９ｂを接続する。これにより、キノコ栽培室３と植物栽培室５ａ間を開閉し、かつ植物栽培室５ａを大気に連通させることができるとともに、キノコ栽培室３と植物栽培室５ｂ間を開閉し、かつ植物栽培室５ｂを大気に連通させることができる。
【００１４】
他方、酸素供給部１０は、キノコ栽培室３と植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂを連通接続する第二ダクト１１ａ，１１ｂを有する。また、各第二ダクト１１ａ，１１ｂにはそれぞれ第二送風機１２ａ，１２ｂを付設する。第二送風機１２ａ，１２ｂは第二ダクト１１ａ，１１ｂを通して植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂからキノコ栽培室３に送風する機能を有する。さらにまた、第二ダクト１１ａ，１１ｂの中途には大気に連通する開放口１１ａｏ，１１ｂｏを分岐して設け、この分岐部位にダンパ（三方切換弁）を用いた第二切換弁１３ａ，１３ｂを接続する。これにより、キノコ栽培室３と植物栽培室５ａ間を開閉し、かつ植物栽培室５ａを大気に連通させることができるとともに、キノコ栽培室３と植物栽培室５ｂ間を開閉し、かつ植物栽培室５ｂを大気に連通させることができる。
【００１５】
また、１６は制御部であり、キノコ栽培室３及び植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂに付設した二酸化炭素濃度センサ１４ｃ，１４ａ，１４ｂ，温度センサ１５ｃ，１５ａ，１５ｂ及び制御部本体２１からなる。制御部本体２１は二酸化炭素濃度センサ１４ｃ…により検出した二酸化炭素濃度及び温度センサ１５ｃ…により検出した室温に基づいて、第一切換弁９ａ，９ｂ及び第二切換弁１３ａ，１３ｂを切換え、これにより、キノコ栽培室３及び植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂの二酸化炭素濃度、さらには室温を制御する機能を有する。
【００１６】
次に、本実施例に係る複合栽培システム１の機能（動作）について、図１〜図３を参照して説明する。
【００１７】
まず、キノコ栽培室３ではエノキ茸，椎茸，ほししめじ等のキノコＭ…が栽培（菌糸培養）されるとともに、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂでは野菜等、例えば、メロンやトマト等の植物Ｐａ，Ｐｂが栽培される。これにより、キノコ栽培室３ではキノコＭ…の呼吸作用によって大量の二酸化炭素及び呼吸熱が発生するとともに、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂでは植物Ｐａ，Ｐｂの炭酸同化作用によって酸素が発生する。
【００１８】
一方、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素濃度は二酸化炭素濃度センサ１４ｃにより検出され、検出結果は制御部本体２１に付与される。制御部本体２１には予めキノコ栽培室３及び植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂに最適な二酸化炭素濃度（設定値）が設定されている。よって、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素濃度が設定値を越えた場合には、第一送風機８を作動させるとともに、第一切換弁９ａを切換えることにより、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素及び呼吸熱を、図１中矢印Ｈｃのように第一ダクト７ａを介して植物栽培室５ａに供給する。また、同時に第二送風機１２ａを作動させるとともに、第二切換弁１３ａを切換えることにより、植物栽培室５ａの酸素を、図１中矢印Ｈａのように第二ダクト１１ａを介してキノコ栽培室３に供給する。これにより、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素及び呼吸熱は大気に排出されることなく、植物Ｐａ…の生長に利用されるとともに、植物栽培室５ａの酸素はキノコＭ…の生長に利用される。
【００１９】
ところで、植物栽培室５ａの二酸化炭素濃度を検出し、予め設定した濃度に達したなら、他の植物栽培室５ｂに二酸化炭素濃度及び呼吸熱を供給できる。この場合、第一切換弁９ａを切換えることにより、キノコ栽培室３から植物栽培室５ａに対する二酸化炭素の供給を停止するとともに、第一切換弁９ｂを切換えることにより、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素及び呼吸熱を第一ダクト７ｂを介して植物栽培室５ｂに供給し、さらに、第二送風機１２ｂを作動させるとともに、第二切換弁１３ｂを切換えることにより、植物栽培室５ｂの酸素を第二ダクト１１ｂを介してキノコ栽培室３に供給する。この状態を図２（ａ），（ｂ）に示す。なお、同図中、ｃ点は切換点である。このように、複数の植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂに対して選択的に二酸化炭素及び呼吸熱を供給することにより、一つの植物栽培室５ａでは利用しきれない二酸化炭素及び呼吸熱を大気に放出させることなく全てシステム内で利用できる。なお、制御部６は必要により、第二切換弁１３ａ，１３ｂを切換えることによって、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂの酸素を図１中矢印Ｈｂのように大気に排出することができる。
【００２０】
また、キノコ栽培室３の二酸化炭素を植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂに供給する場合、連続的に供給してもよいし、図３（ａ）に示すように、時間ｔｉ置きに時間ｔｓ供給する動作を繰り返してもよい。これにより、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂ内の二酸化炭素濃度は図３（ｂ）に示すようになり、植物Ｐａ…，Ｐｂ…の生長に刺激を与えることができる。同様に、植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂの酸素をキノコ栽培室３に対して断続的に供給してもよい。
【００２１】
さらに、温度センサ１５ｃ，１５ａ，１５ｂによりキノコ栽培室３及び（又は）植物栽培室５ａ，５ｂの室温を検出し、各送風機８，１２ａ…及び切換弁９ａ…，１３ａ…を制御して換気を行ってもよい。
【００２２】
以上、実施例について詳細に説明したが、本発明はこのような実施例に限定されるものではない。例えば、二酸化炭素濃度センサはキノコ栽培室と植物栽培室のいずれか一方、特に、キノコ栽培室のみに設けてもよい。したがって、二酸化炭素濃度の制御はキノコ栽培室に対してのみ行ってもよい。その他、細部の構成，手法，数量（植物栽培室等），使用部品（切換弁等）等において、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で任意に変更できる。
【００２３】
【発明の効果】
このように、本発明に係るキノコと施設園芸の複合栽培システムは、キノコ栽培室と植物栽培室を第一ダクトにより連通接続し、かつキノコ栽培室から植物栽培室に送風する送風機及び第一ダクトに接続した第一切換弁を有する二酸化炭素供給部と、キノコ栽培室と植物栽培室を第二ダクトにより連通接続し、かつ植物栽培室からキノコ栽培室に送風する送風機及び第二ダクトに接続した第二切換弁を有する酸素供給部と、キノコ栽培室等の二酸化炭素濃度を二酸化炭素濃度センサにより検出し、第一切換弁及び第二切換弁を切換えることにより、キノコ栽培室等の二酸化炭素濃度を制御する制御部とを備えるとともに、少なくとも制御部は、第一切換弁を切換えることにより、キノコ栽培室の二酸化炭素を植物栽培室に対して断続的に供給し、及び（又は）第二切換弁を切換えることにより、植物栽培室の酸素をキノコ栽培室に対して断続的に供給する機能を有するため、二酸化炭素による地球環境への悪影響を排することができるとともに、キノコ及び（又は）植物の生長に刺激を与えることができ、しかも商業的にも十分に利用できるという顕著な効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る複合栽培システムの原理的構成図、
【図２】同複合栽培システムの機能を説明するためのタイミングチャート、
【図３】同複合栽培システムの他の機能を説明するためのタイミングチャート、
【符号の説明】
１複合栽培システム
２キノコ栽培施設
３キノコ栽培室
４園芸施設
５ａ… 植物栽培室
６二酸化炭素供給部
７ａ… 第一ダクト
８第一送風機
９ａ… 第一切換弁
１０酸素供給部
１１ａ… 第二ダクト
１２ａ… 第二送風機
１３ａ… 第二切換弁
１４ｃ… 二酸化炭素濃度センサ
１５ｃ… 温度センサ
１６制御部
Ｍ… キノコ
Ｐａ… 植物[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a combined cultivation system for mushrooms and facility horticulture that uses symbiosis between mushrooms and plants.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems]
In general, symbiosis between a mushroom and a plant is desirable in order to mutually compensate the respiration action of the mushroom and the carbon dioxide assimilation action of the plant and to create a favorable cultivation environment for both. For example, the carbon dioxide concentration in a plant cultivation environment is usually about several hundred ppm, but by coexisting mushrooms, the carbon dioxide concentration is increased to about 10,000 ppm, thereby accelerating the photosynthetic action of the plant. be able to.
[0003]
For this reason, attempts have been made to cultivate mushrooms and plants symbioticly, but it has not been put into practical use as a commercially effective cultivation system considering the adverse effects of carbon dioxide on the global environment. Therefore, there has been a demand for a combined cultivation system of mushrooms and facility horticulture that solves these problems.
[0004]
The present invention responds to such a conventional request and provides a combined cultivation system for mushrooms and horticultural horticulture that eliminates adverse effects of the carbon dioxide on the global environment and can be used commercially. Objective.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems and Embodiments]
The combined cultivation system 1 according to the present invention includes a mushroom cultivation facility 2 having a mushroom cultivation room 3 for cultivating mushrooms M ... and plant cultivation rooms 5a, 5b for cultivating plants Pa ..., Pb ... such as vegetables by facility horticulture. The horticultural facility 4 that has the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b are connected to each other by the first ducts 7a and 7b, and the air is blown from the mushroom cultivation room 3 to the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b through the first ducts 7a and 7b. The first blower 8 that performs and the carbon dioxide supply unit 6 having the first switching valves 9a and 9b that open and close at least the first ducts 7a and 7b, the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b are connected to the second duct 11a, The second blowers 12a and 12b that are connected to each other by 11b and blow air from the plant cultivation room 5a and 5b to the mushroom cultivation room 3 through the second ducts 11a and 11b, and at least the second duct. The carbon dioxide concentrations of the oxygen supply unit 10 having the second switching valves 13a and 13b for opening and closing the tomatoes 11a and 11b, the mushroom cultivation room 3 and / or the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b are measured with the carbon dioxide concentration sensors 14c, 14a and 14b. And a control unit 16 that controls the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room 3 and / or the plant cultivation room 5a, 5b by switching the first switching valve 9a, 9b and the second switching valve 13a, 13b. In addition, at least the control unit 16 intermittently supplies the carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3 to the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b by switching the first switching valves 9a and 9b, and / or the second. It has a function of intermittently supplying oxygen from the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b to the mushroom cultivation room 3 by switching the switching valves 13a and 13b.
[0006]
In this case, according to a preferred embodiment, the control unit 16 switches the first switching valves 9a and 9b to select the carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3 simultaneously or with respect to the plurality of plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b. In addition to providing a function to supply the oxygen, the second switching valves 13a and 13b can be switched to provide a function of supplying oxygen from the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b to the mushroom cultivation room 3 or discharging it to the atmosphere.
[0007]
With such a combined cultivation system 1, mushrooms M ... are cultivated in the mushroom cultivation room 3, and plants Pa, Pb such as vegetables are cultivated in the plant cultivation rooms 5a, 5b. Therefore, a large amount of carbon dioxide and respiratory heat are generated from the mushroom M ... (cultured mycelia) in the mushroom cultivation room 3 by respiration, and oxygen is generated from the plants Pa and Pb in the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b by carbon dioxide assimilation. appear. Therefore, for example, when the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room 3 is detected by the carbon dioxide concentration sensor 14c and the detected carbon dioxide concentration exceeds the set value, the first blower 8 is activated and the first switching valve is operated. By switching 9a, the carbon dioxide and respiratory heat of the mushroom cultivation room 3 are supplied to the plant cultivation room 5a through the first duct 7a, and the second blower 12a is operated and the second switching valve 13a is switched. Thus, if oxygen in the plant cultivation room 5a is supplied to the mushroom cultivation room 3 through the second duct 11a, the carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3 can be used for the growth of the plant Pa without being discharged to the atmosphere. If the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation room 5a is detected and reaches a preset concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration can be supplied to the other plant cultivation room 5b. In this case, by switching the first switching valve 9b, the carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3 is supplied to the plant cultivation room 5b via the first duct 7b, and the second blower 12b is operated and the second switching is performed. By switching the valve 13b, oxygen in the plant cultivation room 5b is supplied to the mushroom cultivation room 3 through the second duct 11b or discharged to the atmosphere. In this way, by supplying carbon dioxide simultaneously or selectively to the plurality of plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, carbon dioxide and respiratory heat that cannot be used in one plant cultivation room 5a are released to the atmosphere. All are available. On the other hand, by supplying the carbon dioxide of the mushroom cultivation room 3 intermittently to the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, or by supplying the oxygen of the plant cultivation room 5a and 5b intermittently to the mushroom cultivation room 3 Mushrooms M ... or plants Pa ..., Pb ... can be stimulated to grow.
[0008]
【Example】
Next, preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be given and described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0009]
First, the structure of the combined cultivation system 1 which concerns on a present Example is demonstrated with reference to FIG.
[0010]
In the figure, reference numeral 1 indicates the principle overall configuration of the combined cultivation system. 2 is a mushroom cultivation facility and has a mushroom cultivation room 3 for cultivating mushrooms M. In the mushroom cultivation room 3, the temperature, humidity, illuminance, and the like necessary for the cultivation environment of the mushroom M are set. The mushroom cultivation room 3 includes a mycelium culture room, a sprouting room, a growth room, and the like.
[0011]
Reference numeral 4 denotes a horticultural facility, which includes a plant cultivation room 5a for cultivating plants Pa ... such as vegetables by facility horticulture and a plant cultivation room 5b for cultivating other different plants Pb .... In addition, when making it coexist with mushroom M ..., it gives priority to plant Pa .... Each plant cultivation room 5a, 5b can basically use a greenhouse, and the temperature, humidity, etc. necessary for the cultivation environment of the plants Pa ... and plants Pb ... are set.
[0012]
On the other hand, a carbon dioxide supply unit 6 and an oxygen supply unit 10 are provided between the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b.
[0013]
The carbon dioxide supply unit 6 includes first ducts 7a and 7b that connect the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, respectively. In this case, the first ducts 7a and 7b are merged on the mushroom cultivation room 3 side, and the first blower 8 is attached to the merged portion. The first blower 8 has a function of blowing air from the mushroom cultivation room 3 to the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b through the first ducts 7a and 7b. Furthermore, in the middle of the first ducts 7a and 7b, open ports 7ao and 7bo communicating with the atmosphere are branched and the first switching valves 9a and 9b using dampers (three-way switching valves) are connected to the branch portions. To do. Accordingly, the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation room 5a can be opened and closed, and the plant cultivation room 5a can be communicated with the atmosphere. The mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation room 5b can be opened and closed, and the plant cultivation room. 5b can be communicated with the atmosphere.
[0014]
On the other hand, the oxygen supply unit 10 includes second ducts 11a and 11b that connect the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b. Further, second blowers 12a and 12b are attached to the second ducts 11a and 11b, respectively. The second blowers 12a and 12b have a function of blowing air from the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b to the mushroom cultivation room 3 through the second ducts 11a and 11b. Furthermore, in the middle of the second ducts 11a and 11b, open ports 11ao and 11bo communicating with the atmosphere are branched and the second switching valves 13a and 13b using dampers (three-way switching valves) are connected to the branching portions. To do. Accordingly, the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation room 5a can be opened and closed, and the plant cultivation room 5a can be communicated with the atmosphere. The mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation room 5b can be opened and closed, and the plant cultivation room. 5b can be communicated with the atmosphere.
[0015]
Reference numeral 16 denotes a control unit which includes carbon dioxide concentration sensors 14c, 14a, 14b, temperature sensors 15c, 15a, 15b and a control unit main body 21 attached to the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a, 5b. The control unit body 21 switches the first switching valves 9a and 9b and the second switching valves 13a and 13b based on the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration sensor 14c and the room temperature detected by the temperature sensor 15c, thereby The carbon dioxide concentration of the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, and further the function of controlling the room temperature.
[0016]
Next, the function (operation | movement) of the combined cultivation system 1 which concerns on a present Example is demonstrated with reference to FIGS.
[0017]
First, in the mushroom cultivation room 3, mushrooms M ... such as enoki mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, and shimeji mushrooms are cultivated (mycelium culture), and in the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, vegetables etc., for example, plants Pa and Pb such as melon and tomato, etc. Is cultivated. Thereby, in the mushroom cultivation room 3, a large amount of carbon dioxide and respiratory heat are generated by the respiration action of the mushrooms M ..., and oxygen is generated by the carbon dioxide assimilation action of the plants Pa and Pb in the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b.
[0018]
On the other hand, the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room 3 is detected by the carbon dioxide concentration sensor 14 c, and the detection result is given to the control unit main body 21. An optimal carbon dioxide concentration (set value) is set in the control unit main body 21 in advance for the mushroom cultivation room 3 and the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b. Therefore, when the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room 3 exceeds the set value, the first blower 8 is operated and the first switching valve 9a is switched to thereby reduce the carbon dioxide and respiratory heat in the mushroom cultivation room 3. 1 is supplied to the plant cultivation room 5a through the first duct 7a as indicated by an arrow Hc in FIG. At the same time, the second blower 12a is operated and the second switching valve 13a is switched, so that oxygen in the plant cultivation room 5a is transferred to the mushroom cultivation room 3 through the second duct 11a as shown by an arrow Ha in FIG. Supply. Thus, the carbon dioxide and respiratory heat in the mushroom cultivation room 3 are used for the growth of the plants Pa ... without being discharged into the atmosphere, and the oxygen in the plant cultivation room 5a is used for the growth of the mushrooms M ....
[0019]
By the way, if the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation room 5a is detected and reaches a preset concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration and respiratory heat can be supplied to the other plant cultivation room 5b. In this case, by switching the first switching valve 9a, the supply of carbon dioxide from the mushroom cultivation room 3 to the plant cultivation room 5a is stopped, and by switching the first switching valve 9b, the carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room 3 and Respiratory heat is supplied to the plant cultivation room 5b via the first duct 7b, and the second blower 12b is operated and the second switching valve 13b is switched, whereby oxygen in the plant cultivation room 5b is supplied to the second duct 11b. Is supplied to the mushroom cultivation room 3. This state is shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). In the figure, point c is a switching point. In this way, by selectively supplying carbon dioxide and respiratory heat to the plurality of plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, carbon dioxide and respiratory heat that cannot be used in one plant cultivation room 5a are released to the atmosphere. All can be used in the system without. In addition, the control part 6 can discharge | emit the oxygen of the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b to air | atmosphere like arrow Hb in FIG. 1 by switching 2nd switching valve 13a, 13b if necessary.
[0020]
Moreover, when supplying the carbon dioxide of the mushroom cultivation room 3 to the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b, it may be supplied continuously, or as shown in FIG. May be repeated. Thereby, the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b becomes as shown in FIG. 3 (b), and the growth of the plants Pa ..., Pb ... can be stimulated. Similarly, oxygen in the plant cultivation rooms 5a and 5b may be intermittently supplied to the mushroom cultivation room 3.
[0021]
Further, the temperature sensors 15c, 15a, 15b detect the room temperature of the mushroom cultivation room 3 and / or the plant cultivation room 5a, 5b, and control the blowers 8, 12a ... and the switching valves 9a ..., 13a ... for ventilation. You may go.
[0022]
While the embodiments have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. For example, the carbon dioxide concentration sensor may be provided only in one of the mushroom cultivation room and the plant cultivation room, in particular, only in the mushroom cultivation room. Therefore, the carbon dioxide concentration may be controlled only for the mushroom cultivation room. In addition, the detailed configuration, method, quantity (plant cultivation room, etc.), used parts (switching valve, etc.) can be arbitrarily changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
Thus, the combined cultivation system of mushrooms and facility horticulture according to the present invention connects the mushroom cultivation room and the plant cultivation room with the first duct, and blows air from the mushroom cultivation room to the plant cultivation room and the first duct. The carbon dioxide supply unit having the first switching valve connected to the mushroom cultivation room and the plant cultivation room are connected in communication by the second duct, and connected to the blower and the second duct for blowing air from the plant cultivation room to the mushroom cultivation room. By detecting the carbon dioxide concentration in the oxygen supply section having the second switching valve and the mushroom cultivation room with a carbon dioxide concentration sensor and switching the first switching valve and the second switching valve, the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room, etc. And at least the control unit intermittently supplies carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivation room to the plant cultivation room by switching the first switching valve. By switching the second switching valve, and / or by having the function of intermittently supplying oxygen in the plant cultivation room to the mushroom cultivation room, it is possible to eliminate the adverse effects of carbon dioxide on the global environment At the same time, there is a remarkable effect that the growth of mushrooms and / or plants can be stimulated and also can be used sufficiently commercially.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a principle configuration diagram of a combined cultivation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing chart for explaining the function of the combined cultivation system;
FIG. 3 is a timing chart for explaining other functions of the combined cultivation system;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combined cultivation system 2 Mushroom cultivation facility 3 Mushroom cultivation room 4 Gardening facility 5a ... Plant cultivation room 6 Carbon dioxide supply part 7a ... First duct 8 First blower 9a ... First switching valve 10 Oxygen supply part 11a ... Second duct 12a 2nd blower 13a ... 2nd switching valve 14c ... carbon dioxide concentration sensor 15c ... temperature sensor 16 control part M ... mushroom Pa ... plant

Claims

A mushroom cultivation facility having a mushroom cultivation room for cultivating mushrooms, a gardening facility having a plant cultivation room for cultivating plants such as vegetables by facility horticulture, and the mushroom cultivation room and the plant cultivation room are connected by a first duct. And a carbon dioxide supply unit having a first blower for blowing air from the mushroom cultivation room to the plant cultivation room through the first duct, a first switching valve for opening and closing the first duct, the mushroom cultivation room, and the plant An oxygen supply unit having a second blower for connecting the cultivation room by a second duct and blowing air from the plant cultivation room to the mushroom cultivation room through the second duct and at least a second switching valve for opening and closing the second duct; The carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom cultivation room and / or the plant cultivation room is detected by a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, and the first switching valve and the second switching valve are detected. A control unit that controls the carbon dioxide concentration of the mushroom cultivation room and / or the plant cultivation room, and at least the control unit switches the first switching valve to switch the mushroom cultivation. The carbon dioxide in the room is intermittently supplied to the plant cultivation room and / or the oxygen in the plant cultivation room is intermittently supplied to the mushroom cultivation room by switching the second switching valve. Mushroom and facility horticulture combined cultivation system characterized by having the function of

The said control part has a function which supplies the carbon dioxide of the said mushroom cultivation room simultaneously or selectively with respect to several plant cultivation rooms by switching said 1st switching valve. Combined cultivation system of mushrooms and facility horticulture.

2. The mushroom and facility horticulture according to claim 1, wherein the control unit has a function of supplying oxygen to the mushroom cultivation room or discharging it to the atmosphere by switching the second switching valve. Combined cultivation system.