JP3896843B2 - Power generation facility for modified vegetable oil - Google Patents

Description

【００１３】
表１は、改質植物油（改質天ぷら油）の一般的な物性を示したものである。
これによると、引火点は１８０〜１９０℃と高いためにガスタービンをコールドスタートさせることは出来ない。
そのため、ガスタービンの始動時には、電磁弁２１の流路を開路することによって電磁弁２１，チャッキベン弁６、ポンプ４１およびフィルター４２を通ってガスタービン５に灯油を供給し、この灯油によりガスタービンをスタートさせる。このとき、リリーフバルブ４３は、ガスタービンに供給される燃料が所定値となるよう微調整し、余分な燃料をリザーバタンク４４を介してポンプ４１の流入側に送出する。
【００１４】
任意時間が経過後、電磁弁２１を閉じて１１の流路を開路してガスタービンへの供給燃料を切り換える。以下灯油時と同様にして植物油が燃料としてガスタービン５に供給される。このとき、植物油に混入している比較的大きな異物は、ストレーナ１２によって阻止される。このストレーナ１２を濾過した植物油はポンプ４１を介してフィルター４２で再度濾過され、このフィルターにて小さな異物が除去される。
なお、燃料として使用される使用済みの植物油は廃油であるので量には限界がある。したがって、植物油タンク１に貯留された植物油がなくなったときには、電磁弁を再度切り換えて燃料を灯油としてガスタービン５に供給する。
【００１５】
ところで、改質された植物油から灯油に切り換えたときには次のような問題が生じる。植物油の油脂は、グリセリンに３つの脂肪酸が結合したトリアシルグリセリンが多数集まった混合物であり、グリセリンを含むことから粘度が高いものとなっている。そこで燃料として利用するには、アルカリ触媒を用いたメタノールとのエステル交換反応によってグリセリンと脂肪酸エステルにより分ける必要がある。このときのグリセリン除去をおこなうために水で洗浄するが、そのとき燃料となる脂肪酸エステルに水が混入する惧れがある。水が混入すると、極性の低い灯油と混ぜ合わさることによって乳化するため、図１の実施形態においては、フィルターを点線で示す４２‘の位置に配設した場合、乳化した燃料がフィルターに詰まり、燃料を供給出来ない惧れが生じる。そのため、本発明ではポンプ４１の吐出側にフィルター４２を挿入することにより、乳化現象が発生してフィルター４２に付着してもポンプ４１の吐出圧でガスタービン５の燃焼室に送出してフィルター４２の目詰まりを防止している。
【００１６】
図２は、図１の構成による実験を示したもので、植物油として改質天ぷら油を使用したものである。
図２において、１２３分まではガスタービン５の燃料を灯油とし、それ以後は改質天ぷら油としたものである。同図によると、燃料を改質天ぷら油に切り換えた後の１２５分過ぎにガスタービンの温度と出力に変動現象が発生している。
この現象は、調圧機能部４に残存していた灯油と改質天ぷら油とが撹拌されて乳化したことによりガスタービンへの燃料供給が抑制された結果である。この程度の変動現象では実用的には差し支えないが、次にこの変動現象を防止して、円滑な燃料供給を行うための構成を図３に基づいて説明する。
【００１７】
図３において、４ａ，４ｂはそれぞれ調圧機能部で、図１で示す調圧機能部の部材をそれぞれ備えている。
すなわち、図３では灯油の供給ルートと植物油の供給ルートとを個別に設けてそれぞれに調圧機能を持たせ、この調圧機能部のリザーバタンク４４ａ，４４ｂ等における灯油と植物油との撹拌現象を防止して乳化を抑制したものである。
図３の構成における実験によると、図２で示すようなガスタービンの変動現象が生じないことを確認できた。
【００１８】
図４は更に他の実施形態を示したもので、灯油に代えて都市ガス等のガス系を使用したものである。同図において５０はＬＮＧ，ＬＰＧのガス系燃料、５１は昇圧機で、この昇圧機において都市ガスの圧力を３ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ²程度に昇圧する。２３，５２はチャッキ弁、２４，５３は電磁弁である。なお、図１又は図３と同一若しくは相当部分には同符号を付してその説明を省略する。
この例の場合、先ず都市ガス等の気体燃料５０を昇圧機５１によって昇圧した後にチャッキ弁５２，電磁弁５３を介してガスタービン５に供給してこのガスタービンを始動する。ガスタービン５の燃焼室温度が上昇し、植物油の引火点以上に上昇して植物油が着火しやすい状態となったときに電磁弁５３を閉じ、電磁弁２１，２４の流路を開路することによって植物油をガスタービンに供給する。
【００１９】
図５は、図４の構成による実験例を示したもので、植物油は改質天ぷら油を使用した。
図５によると、気体燃料によって始動されてから１４４分経過し、ガスタービンの燃焼室温度が２００℃近辺時に気体燃料から改質天ぷら油に切換えたものである。この切換えは、気体−液体への切換えとなるので、液体−液体切換えのように連続切換えとはならず一度燃焼は途切れるが、燃焼室は十分に温度上昇しているので改質天ぷら油は着火される。改質天ぷら油に切換えて１４８分までは発電機出力３０ｋＷで運転し、それ以後は改質天ぷら油における運転状態確認のために１６０分までを１５ｋＷの出力運転とし、更に、その状態より１６０分において改質天ぷら油から灯油に切換て運転実験をした。その結果、何れの場合においても安定した運転状態が得られ、エンジンスピードや発電機出力は、燃料切換えに基づく悪影響は一切生じないことが確認できた。
【００２０】
【発明の効果】
以上のとおり、本発明によれば、マイクロガスタービンの始動時には灯油等の低引火温度燃料で始動し、その後に廃植物油に切り換えて発電するようにしたものであるから、発電コストが低下するばかりでなく、環境面及び資源の有効活用が図られるものである。しかも、廃植物油と灯油とを混合撹拌すると乳化現象が生じるが、この乳化現象の生じる燃料を使用しても、ガスタービンへの燃料供給を所定圧力に維持しながら発電できるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施形態を示す構成図。
【図２】本発明の実験例を示すガスタービンの出力特性図。
【図３】本発明の他の実施形態を示す構成図。
【図４】本発明の他の実施形態を示す構成図。
【図５】本発明の実験例を示すガスタービンの出力特性図。
【符号の説明】
１…廃植物油タンク
２…液体燃料タンク
３…燃料供給管路
４（４ａ，４ｂ）…調圧機能部
５…ガスタービン
６，２３，５２…チャッキ弁
７…圧力ゲージ
１０，２０…送出管路
１１，２１，２４，５３…電磁弁
１２，２２，…ストレーナ
４１（４１ａ，４１ｂ）…ポンプ
４２（４２ａ，４２ｂ）…フィルター
４３（４３ａ，４３ｂ）…リリーフバルブ
４４（４４ａ，４４ｂ）…リザーバタンク
５０…気体燃料
５１…昇圧機[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gas turbine power generation facility using spent tempura oil or edible oil whose expiration date has expired as fuel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a power generation facility, a NOx emission amount contained in exhaust gas is becoming widespread for a reason such as a small amount, and among them, a micro gas turbine is attracting attention as part of a distributed power source. As the fuel used in the micro gas turbine, LNG and LPG gas systems and light oil and kerosene liquid systems which are relatively cheaper than the gas fuels are used.
On the other hand, as an effective use of the environment and resources, attempts have been made by some local governments and private companies to modify tempura waste oil to methyl ester and use it as fuel for diesel vehicles.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When tempura waste oil is reformed and used as a fuel for a diesel vehicle as a methyl ester, a bad odor is generated in the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas may contain harmful substances such as aldehydes.
In addition, because of the high flash point of this reformed oil, it can be considered that it is mixed with light oil, but if mixed, the light oil tax will be applied, leading to problems such as expensive fuel. is doing.
[0004]
This invention is made | formed in view of this point, The place made into the objective is providing the power generation equipment which uses used tempura oil as the fuel of a gas turbine.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention uses liquid fuel supplied at the time of gas turbine start-up and reformed to methyl ester when the combustion chamber temperature of the gas turbine reaches the flash point temperature of vegetable oil of 180 to 190 ° C. after a predetermined combustion time has elapsed. In a gas turbine power generation facility that uses finished vegetable oil as fuel,
The gas turbine is a micro gas turbine, and a liquid fuel tank that stores the liquid fuel and a vegetable oil tank that stores the vegetable oil are provided side by side, and an electromagnetic valve and a strainer are disposed in a delivery line from each tank. The opposite side of the delivery line from the tank is connected to and connected to a fuel supply line, and the micro gas turbine is connected to the fuel supply line via a check valve, a pump and a filter, and the filter and the micro gas are connected. A fuel supply line between the turbines and a fuel supply line from the tank to the pump are provided with a relief valve that maintains a constant fuel supply pressure, and a reservoir tank that stores fuel from the relief valve and supplies it to the pump. It is characterized by that.
[0007]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the valve bodies provided in the vegetable oil storage tank and the liquid fuel tank are connected to different pressure regulating function parts via fuel supply pipes, respectively, and the gas turbine is connected to each pressure regulating function part. It is characterized in that it is configured to supply fuel to
The third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the fuel supply to the gas turbine is used vegetable oil after first supplying liquid fuel or gaseous fuel.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is a vegetable oil tank for storing modified used tempura oil or edible oil that has expired (hereinafter, these oils are simply referred to as vegetable oils). 2 is a liquid fuel tank (hereinafter represented by kerosene) for storing kerosene, light oil, and the like. The delivery pipes 10 and 20 of these tanks have solenoid valves 11 and 21 and strainers 12 and 22 as valve bodies, respectively. It is arranged. The leading ends of the delivery pipes 10 and 20 are connected to one end of the fuel supply pipe 3, and the pressure regulating function unit 4 is connected to the other end of the fuel supply pipe 3. The pressure regulating function unit 4 has a relief valve 43 and a reservoir tank 44 for maintaining the supply pressure of fuel to the pump 41, the filter 42 and the gas turbine at a predetermined value, and the oil that has flowed out of the reservoir tank is pumped Returned to 41.
[0011]
A gas turbine 5 is a micro gas turbine, and the fuel that has passed through the filter 42 is supplied to the gas turbine. Although not shown in the figure, the gas turbine 5 has a system configuration including a combustion chamber, a compressor, a generator, and the like. Reference numeral 6 denotes a chuck-ben valve inserted in the fuel supply line 3, and the amount of fuel to be supplied is adjusted in advance. Reference numeral 7 denotes a pressure gauge provided in a fuel supply pipe to the gas turbine.
[0012]
[Table 1]

[0013]
Table 1 shows the general physical properties of the modified vegetable oil (modified tempura oil).
According to this, since the flash point is as high as 180 to 190 ° C., the gas turbine cannot be cold started.
Therefore, when the gas turbine is started, kerosene is supplied to the gas turbine 5 through the solenoid valve 21, the chuck valve 6, the pump 41, and the filter 42 by opening the flow path of the solenoid valve 21, and the gas turbine is driven by this kerosene. Start it. At this time, the relief valve 43 finely adjusts the fuel supplied to the gas turbine to a predetermined value, and sends excess fuel to the inflow side of the pump 41 via the reservoir tank 44.
[0014]
After an arbitrary time has elapsed, the solenoid valve 21 is closed and the flow path 11 is opened to switch the fuel supplied to the gas turbine. Thereafter, vegetable oil is supplied to the gas turbine 5 as fuel in the same manner as in kerosene. At this time, the relatively large foreign matter mixed in the vegetable oil is blocked by the strainer 12. The vegetable oil filtered through the strainer 12 is filtered again by the filter 42 via the pump 41, and small foreign matters are removed by this filter.
In addition, since the used vegetable oil used as a fuel is waste oil, there is a limit in quantity. Therefore, when the vegetable oil stored in the vegetable oil tank 1 runs out, the solenoid valve is switched again to supply fuel to the gas turbine 5 as kerosene.
[0015]
By the way, when switching from the modified vegetable oil to kerosene, the following problems arise. The oil of vegetable oil is a mixture of a large number of triacylglycerols in which three fatty acids are bonded to glycerol, and has a high viscosity because it contains glycerol. Therefore, in order to use it as a fuel, it is necessary to separate glycerin and fatty acid ester by transesterification with methanol using an alkali catalyst. In order to remove the glycerin at this time, it is washed with water. At that time, there is a possibility that water is mixed into the fatty acid ester as the fuel. When water is mixed, it is emulsified by mixing with kerosene having a low polarity. Therefore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, when the filter is disposed at a position 42 'indicated by a dotted line, the emulsified fuel is clogged in the filter, and the fuel There is a fear that it will not be possible to supply. Therefore, in the present invention, by inserting the filter 42 on the discharge side of the pump 41, even if an emulsification phenomenon occurs and adheres to the filter 42, the filter 42 is sent to the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5 with the discharge pressure of the pump 41. To prevent clogging.
[0016]
FIG. 2 shows an experiment according to the configuration of FIG. 1, in which modified tempura oil is used as a vegetable oil.
In FIG. 2, the fuel of the gas turbine 5 is used as kerosene for up to 123 minutes, and then the modified tempura oil is used. According to the figure, a fluctuation phenomenon occurs in the temperature and output of the gas turbine after 125 minutes after the fuel is switched to the reformed tempura oil.
This phenomenon is a result of suppression of fuel supply to the gas turbine due to the stirring and emulsification of kerosene and modified tempura oil remaining in the pressure adjusting function unit 4. Although such a fluctuation phenomenon may be practically used, a configuration for preventing this fluctuation phenomenon and performing smooth fuel supply will be described with reference to FIG.
[0017]
In FIG. 3, reference numerals 4a and 4b denote pressure regulating function units, each having a member of the pressure regulating function unit shown in FIG.
In other words, in FIG. 3, a kerosene supply route and a vegetable oil supply route are provided separately to provide a pressure regulating function, and the stirring phenomenon of kerosene and vegetable oil in the reservoir tanks 44a, 44b, etc. of this pressure regulating function portion is illustrated. This is to prevent emulsification.
According to the experiment in the configuration of FIG. 3, it has been confirmed that the fluctuation phenomenon of the gas turbine as shown in FIG. 2 does not occur.
[0018]
FIG. 4 shows still another embodiment in which a gas system such as city gas is used instead of kerosene. In the figure, 50 is a gas fuel of LNG and LPG, 51 is a booster, and the pressure of the city gas is increased to about 3 kgf / cm ² in this booster. Reference numerals 23 and 52 denote check valves, and reference numerals 24 and 53 denote electromagnetic valves. The same or corresponding parts as those in FIG. 1 or FIG.
In this example, the gas fuel 50 such as city gas is first boosted by the booster 51 and then supplied to the gas turbine 5 via the check valve 52 and the electromagnetic valve 53 to start the gas turbine. When the temperature of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5 rises and rises above the flash point of the vegetable oil and the vegetable oil is easily ignited, the solenoid valve 53 is closed and the flow paths of the solenoid valves 21 and 24 are opened. Supply vegetable oil to the gas turbine.
[0019]
FIG. 5 shows an experimental example with the configuration of FIG. 4, and modified tempura oil was used as the vegetable oil.
According to FIG. 5, 144 minutes have elapsed since the start with the gas fuel, and the gas turbine is switched from the gas fuel to the reformed tempura oil when the combustion chamber temperature of the gas turbine is around 200 ° C. Since this switching is to gas-liquid switching, it is not continuous switching like liquid-liquid switching, and combustion is interrupted once, but the temperature of the combustion chamber has risen sufficiently so that the modified tempura oil is ignited. Is done. Switch to modified tempura oil and operate at a generator output of 30 kW for up to 148 minutes. After that, to confirm the operating condition of the modified tempura oil, the operation is up to 160 kW for output of 15 kW, and 160 minutes from that state. The operation experiment was carried out by switching from modified tempura oil to kerosene. As a result, it was confirmed that in any case, a stable operating state was obtained, and the engine speed and the generator output did not have any adverse effects due to the fuel switching.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when the micro gas turbine is started, it is started with low flammable temperature fuel such as kerosene, and then it is switched to waste vegetable oil to generate power. Rather, the environment and resources can be effectively utilized. Moreover, when waste vegetable oil and kerosene are mixed and agitated, an emulsification phenomenon occurs. Even when fuel that causes this emulsification phenomenon is used, power generation can be performed while maintaining the fuel supply to the gas turbine at a predetermined pressure.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an output characteristic diagram of a gas turbine showing an experimental example of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an output characteristic diagram of a gas turbine showing an experimental example of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Waste vegetable oil tank 2 ... Liquid fuel tank 3 ... Fuel supply line 4 (4a, 4b) ... Pressure regulation function part 5 ... Gas turbine 6, 23, 52 ... Check valve 7 ... Pressure gauge 10, 20 ... Delivery line 11, 21, 24, 53 ... Solenoid valves 12, 22, ... Strainer 41 (41a, 41b) ... Pump 42 (42a, 42b) ... Filter 43 (43a, 43b) ... Relief valve 44 (44a, 44b) ... Reservoir tank 50 ... Gas fuel 51 ... Booster

Claims (3)

Liquid fuel is supplied when the gas turbine starts, and spent vegetable oil modified to methyl ester is fueled when the combustion chamber temperature of the gas turbine reaches the flash point temperature of vegetable oil of 180 to 190 ° C. after a predetermined combustion time has elapsed. In the gas turbine power generation facility
The gas turbine is a micro gas turbine, and a liquid fuel tank that stores the liquid fuel and a vegetable oil tank that stores the vegetable oil are provided side by side, and an electromagnetic valve and a strainer are disposed in a delivery line from each tank. The opposite side of the delivery line from the tank is connected to and connected to a fuel supply line, and the micro gas turbine is connected to the fuel supply line via a check valve, a pump and a filter, and the filter and the micro gas are connected. A fuel supply line between the turbines and a fuel supply line from the tank to the pump are provided with a relief valve that maintains a constant fuel supply pressure, and a reservoir tank that stores fuel from the relief valve and supplies it to the pump. This is a modified vegetable oil power generation facility. The valve bodies provided in the vegetable oil storage tank and the liquid fuel tank are connected to different pressure regulating function parts via fuel supply pipes, respectively, and are configured to supply fuel to the gas turbine from each pressure regulating function part. The power generation facility for modified vegetable oil according to claim 1, wherein The fuel supply to the gas turbine, the liquid fuel or gaseous fuel after supplying earlier, power generation equipment modified vegetable oil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in that the used vegetable oil.

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