[go: up one dir, main page]

JP3893421B2 - Light modulation element, light modulation element array, and exposure apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Light modulation element, light modulation element array, and exposure apparatus using the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3893421B2
JP3893421B2 JP2001396578A JP2001396578A JP3893421B2 JP 3893421 B2 JP3893421 B2 JP 3893421B2 JP 2001396578 A JP2001396578 A JP 2001396578A JP 2001396578 A JP2001396578 A JP 2001396578A JP 3893421 B2 JP3893421 B2 JP 3893421B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
light
modulation element
light modulation
thin film
movable thin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2001396578A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2003195201A (en
Inventor
充 沢野
真 磯崎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujinon Corp
Fujifilm Corp
Original Assignee
Fujinon Corp
Fujifilm Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fujinon Corp, Fujifilm Corp filed Critical Fujinon Corp
Priority to JP2001396578A priority Critical patent/JP3893421B2/en
Publication of JP2003195201A publication Critical patent/JP2003195201A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3893421B2 publication Critical patent/JP3893421B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
  • Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、静電気力で可動薄膜を変位させることにより、可動薄膜を透過又は反射する光の量を変化させて、光を変調する光変調素子及び光変調素子アレイ並びにそれを用いた露光装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
光の振幅、位相、周波数を時間的に変化させる制御素子に光変調素子がある。光変調素子は、光を透過させる物質の屈折率を、物質に印加する外場によって変化させ、屈折、回折、吸収、散乱等等の光学現象を介して、最終的にこの物質を透過又は反射する光の強度を制御する。この一つに、マイクロマシニングにより作製された可動薄膜を、静電気力により機械的動作させることで光変調する電気機械的な光変調素子が知られている。この光変調素子としては、例えば図14(a)に示すように、透明な可動電極1と干渉膜を有するダイヤフラム3からなる可動薄膜5を、固定電極9を有する平面基板11上に支持部7を介して架設したものがある。
【0003】
この光変調素子では、図14(b)に示すように、両電極1,9間に所定の駆動電圧VONを印加することで電極1,9間に静電気力を発生させ、可動薄膜5を固定電極9に向かって撓ませる。これに伴って素子自体の光学的特性が変化し、光変調素子は光が透過する透過状態となる。これは、例えばファブリペロー干渉を利用して光変調部から出射される光の強度を制御することで変化させる。一方、印加電圧をゼロとする等の非駆動電圧を印加することで可動薄膜5が弾性復帰し、光変調素子は光を反射する反射状態となる。このようにして、例えば光変調素子の入射光導入側においては、駆動電圧の印加により明となり、非駆動電圧の印加により暗となる光変調が実現される。この種の光変調素子によれば、静電誘導により可動薄膜5を駆動するので、従来の液晶型光変調器に比べて高速な応答が可能になる。
【0004】
ここで、上記のようなファブリペロー干渉を利用した基本的な光変調作用について説明する。ファブリペロー干渉では、入射光線が、反射と透過を繰り返して多数の光線に分割され、これらは互いに平行となる。透過光線は、無限遠において重なり合い干渉する。面の垂線と入射光線のなす角をθとすれば、隣り合う二光線間の光路差はx=nt・cosθで与えられる。但し、nは二面間の屈折率、tは間隔である。光路差xが波長λの整数倍であれば透過線は互いに強め合い、半波長の奇数倍であれば互いに打ち消し合う。即ち、反射の際の位相変化がなければ、
2nt・cosθ=mλ …(1) で透過光最大となり、
2nt・cosθ=(2m+1)λ/2 …(2) で透過光最小となる。
但し、mは整数である。
即ち、平行ミラー間で反射と透過が繰り返されるファブリペロー干渉においては、空隙の略整数倍の波長のみが光変調素子を透過する。
【0005】
ここで、図14に示す構成の光変調素子を用い、例えばブラックライト用紫外線ランプ(低圧水銀ランプ)からの出射光を光変調する場合を考える。低圧水銀ランプの内壁にブラックライト用の蛍光体を塗布した場合、その発光紫外線の分光特性は、例えば図15に示すように、360nm付近に中心波長λ0を持つようになる。
【0006】
ここで、光変調素子に非駆動電圧VOFFを印加したときの空隙10の間隔をtoff とする(図14(a)の状態)。また、駆動電圧VONを印加したときの空隙10の間隔をtonとする(図14(b)の状態)。
更に、ton、toff を下記のように設定する。
ton =1/2×λ0=180nm
toff =3/4×λ0=270nm
但し、
m=1
λ0:紫外線の中心波長
とする。
【0007】
また、可動薄膜5及び干渉膜3は、その光強度反射率をR=0.85とする。空隙10は空気又は希ガスとし、その屈折率はn=1とする。紫外線はコリメートされているので、光変調素子に入射する入射角θは略ゼロとする。このときの光変調素子の波長に対する光透過率は図16に示すようになる。即ち、光変調素子21は、可動電極1と固定電極9との間に非駆動電圧VOFFを印加したとき、toff =270nmとなり、図15に示す360nm付近に中心波長λ0を持つ紫外線をほとんど透過させない。一方、駆動電圧を印加してton=180nmとなると、360nm付近に中心波長λ0を持つ紫外線を透過させるようになる。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記従来の光変調素子では、干渉モードで光変調を行う場合に、光透過を可能とする波長域(波長マージン)が非常に狭くなる傾向がある。上記の光変調素子の場合、図16に示す波長360nm付近の波長スペクトル、即ち、光透過状態となり得る波長域は、非常にシャープな分布となり透過帯が狭小となる。
従って、この狭小な透過帯によって光変調素子を正しく動作させるには、光変調素子製造時の膜厚精度、光学系組み込み精度、入射光の波長精度等を高精度に維持しなければならず、仮に、この狭小な透過帯を超えるような誤差が生じたときには、光変調素子が光のオン/オフ制御が行えなくなる。このため、光変調素子の製造コストが増大するといった問題があった。
【0009】
本発明は、このような状況に鑑みてなされたもので、光のオン/オフ変調が可能となる波長マージンを広くすることができ、それにより、膜厚精度、光学系組み込み精度、入射光の波長精度等を緩めることができる光変調素子及び光変調素子アレイ並びにそれを用いた露光装置を提供し、もって、光変調素子の製造コスト低減を図ることを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するための本発明に係る請求項1記載の光変調素子は、それぞれが干渉膜を備え変調する光に対して透明な第一平面基板と可動薄膜とを空隙を隔てて平行に対向配置し、前記第一平面基板及び前記可動薄膜のそれぞれに設けた平面電極への電圧印加により発生する静電気力によって、前記可動薄膜を前記第一平面基板に対して変位させ、前記可動薄膜を透過又は反射する光量を変化させる光変調素子であって、
前記可動薄膜を挟んで前記第一平面基板の反対側に、干渉膜を備え変調する光に対して透明な第二平面基板を、空隙を隔てて平行に対向配置し、
前記可撓薄膜の干渉膜を単層の干渉膜とし、前記第一平面基板および前記第二平面基板の干渉膜をそれぞれ多層の干渉膜としたことを特徴とする。
【0011】
この光変調素子では、単層の干渉膜を備えた可動薄膜と多層の干渉膜を備えた第一平面基板とからなる干渉フィルター(ファブリーペローフィルター)に、多層の干渉膜を有する第二平面基板を空隙を隔てて直列に結合することで、比較的広い波長域の透過帯が得られるようになる。つまり、従来、可動薄膜と第一平面基板とを透過させた場合では狭かった、光透過を可能にする波長マージンを広くすることができ、これにより、膜厚精度、光学系組み込み精度、入射光の波長精度等を緩めることができ、その結果、光変調素子の製造コストを低く抑えることができるようになる。
【0012】
請求項2記載の光変調素子は、前記可動薄膜が、前記平面電極の形成されない可動薄膜側非電極部を有し、前記第一平面基板が、前記可動薄膜側非電極部と対面する位置に前記平面電極の形成されない基板側非電極部を有していることを特徴とする。
【0013】
この光変調素子では、可動薄膜及び第一平面基板の光透過部位に透明電極を設ける必要がないので、透明電極による光の吸収を皆無にできる。また、光強度が強い場合に生じる透明電極の発熱による変形・破壊等が防止でき、光変調素子の高速駆動と長寿命化が実現する。さらに、光の吸収がなくなるので、透過光の強度も増大させることができる。なお、前記干渉膜を、屈折率の高い誘電体材料と、屈折率の低い誘電体材料とを交互に積層した多層干渉膜とすれば、各層間の境界面での反射光や透過光による干渉を強め合い、高反射率、高透過率が得られるようになる。さらに、前記第一平面基板の多層干渉膜と、前記第二平面基板の多層干渉膜とが、前記可動薄膜を対称に同一の積層構造を有したものとすれば、可撓薄膜の移動による透過光量の変化を大きくできる。
【0014】
請求項3記載の光変調素子アレイは、前記可動薄膜を矩形状に形成し且つ前記可動薄膜の長手方向両端を支持した請求項1又は請求項2記載の光変調素子を、同一平面上で、前記可動薄膜の長手方向に直交する方向に複数近接させて並設したことを特徴とする。
【0015】
この光変調素子アレイでは、光変調素子を、同一平面上で、可動薄膜の長手方向に直交する方向に複数近接させて並設することで、光変調素子の並設数と同数の画素数で、1ライン分を同時に光変調することができる。
【0016】
請求項4記載の露光装置は、請求項3記載の光変調素子アレイと、前記光変調素子アレイに光ビームを照射するレーザ光源と、前記光ビームに感光する感光材料に対して、前記光変調素子アレイからの出射光を主走査方向及びこれと直交する副走査方向に相対移動させる移動手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
【0017】
この露光装置では、請求項3記載の光変調素子アレイを用い、この光変調素子アレイにレーザ光源からの光を照射し、光変調素子から出射される光を移動手段によって感光材料に対して相対移動させつつ感光材料に照射することで、感光材料を直接走査露光することができる。
【0018】
請求項5記載の露光装置は、請求項3記載の光変調素子アレイと、前記光変調素子アレイに光ビームを照射する高出力レーザ光源と、前記光変調素子アレイからの出射光を集光する集光レンズと、前記光ビームに感光する感光材料に対して、前記集光レンズにより集光された出射光を主走査方向及びこれと直交する副走査方向に相対移動させる移動手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
【0019】
この露光装置では、請求項3記載の光変調素子アレイを用い、この光変調素子アレイにレーザ光源からの光を照射し、光変調素子から出射される光を集光レンズにより集光させて、この出射光を移動手段によって感光材料に対して相対移動させつつ感光材料へ照射することで、感光材料を直接走査露光することができ、ほぼ密着露光に近い光学系を構成できる。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る光変調素子及び光変調素子アレイ並びにそれを用いた露光装置の好適な実施の形態を図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図1は本発明に係る光変調素子の構成を示す断面図、図2は図1に示した光変調素子の平面図、図3は光変調素子の層構造例を示す説明図である。
【0021】
図1に示すように、光変調素子21は、上面に干渉膜22及び平面電極37を有し変調する光に対して透明な第一平面基板23と、この第一平面基板23の上面に犠牲層の形成・除去等の方法によって形成した空隙25を隔てて、干渉膜及び平面電極(可動電極)31を有する可動薄膜27と、さらに同様の空隙26を隔てて、下面に干渉膜45を有し変調する光に対して透明な第二平面基板47とを基本構成として備えている。これら第一平面基板23、可動薄膜27、第二平面基板47は互いに平行に対向配置されている。なお、可動薄膜27は、可動薄膜27自体を干渉膜により形成する他にも、干渉膜を別途に形成してもよい。なお、本実施の形態においては可動薄膜27自身が干渉膜からなる場合を例に説明する。
【0022】
第1平面基板23は、ガラス基板35、干渉膜22、平面電極(固定電極)37を順次積層した構造であり、固定電極37上には支持部28が立設されている。第一平面基板23の固定電極37上に立設された支持部28は、例えばシリコン酸化物、シリコン窒化物、セラミック、樹脂等からなり、その上面を可動薄膜27と接合させている。可動薄膜27は、弾性を有し、矩形状に形成され、支持部28に長手方向両端部を接合されて、平面電極(可動電極)31を、干渉膜であるダイヤフラム33上に積層した構造となっている。
【0023】
可動電極31及び固定電極37は、アルミニウムからなるが、この他にも、金属或いは導電性を有する金属化合物が利用できる。この金属としては、金、銀、パラジウム、亜鉛、銅等の金属薄膜を用いることができ、金属化合物としては、これら金属の化合物等を用いることができる。また、ダイヤフラム33は、TiO2からなるが、シリコン窒化物、各種酸化物、窒化物等を用いることができる。可動薄膜27に干渉膜を別途に設ける場合には、この他にも、セラミック、樹脂等の他、ポリシリコン等の半導体、絶縁性のシリコン酸化物等を用いることができる。
【0024】
第二平面基板47は、可動薄膜27に対面する面(図1の下面)に干渉膜45を有し、可動薄膜27の長手方向両端の可動電極31上に立設した支持部29を介して干渉膜45側の下面が支持されることで、第一平面基板23及び可動薄膜27に対して平行に対向配置されている。この第二平面基板47は、ガラス基板36に干渉膜45を積層した構造となっている。ここで、上記したガラス基板35,36は、ガラス以外にも、例えばポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート等の樹脂等を用いることができる。
【0025】
また、光変調素子21は、図2に示すように、複数の可動薄膜27が例えば同一平面上で、可動薄膜27の長手方向に直交する方向に近接して、1次元のアレイ状に形成される。なお、図2中の各部位における寸法は、例えばa=150μm、b=20μm、c=50μm程度で形成することができる。
【0026】
また、可動薄膜27の長手方向中央部には、この可動薄膜27に形成した可動電極31を長手方向両端に分断する薄膜側非電極部41を設けており、また、第一平面基板23にも、この薄膜側非電極部41に対面する基板側非電極部43を設けている。つまり、可動薄膜27の長手方向中央部とこれに対応する第一平面基板23の領域は電極部が存在せず、これら薄膜側非電極部41及び基板側非電極部43には、図1及び図2に示すように、可動電極31及び固定電極37を積極的に除去している。光変調素子21は、この薄膜側非電極部41及び基板側非電極部43が光透過部となって光変調を行うため、光透過部位に透明電極を設ける必要がなくなり、導電率や光透過率を向上させることができる。
【0027】
上記のように、本実施形態の光変調素子21は、第一平面基板23のガラス基板35と、第二平面基板47のガラス基板36との間に、干渉膜22と干渉膜45とを有し、その干渉膜22と干渉膜45との間に、空隙25,26を挟んで干渉膜を有する可動薄膜27を配置した構成となっている。このように、可動薄膜27は、第一平面基板23側及び第二平面基板47側に空隙25,26を有して干渉膜22、干渉膜45に対面している。
【0028】
これら干渉膜22,45は、多層干渉膜からなり、例えば蒸着やスパッタにより形成したTiO2 /SiO2 の多層膜とすることができる。これらの干渉膜22,45の層構成の例を図3に示した。本実施形態では、可動薄膜27にTiO2 を用い、干渉膜22と、干渉膜45と、可動薄膜27との全体でTiO2 とSiO2の層を合計7層設けた多層干渉膜としている。即ち、その積層構造は、図3(b)に示すように、第一平面基板側から順に、ガラス/SiO2/TiO2/SiO2/空隙/TiO2/空隙/SiO2/TiO2/SiO2/ガラスとなっている。これら干渉膜22,45は、屈折率の高い誘電体材料と屈折率の低い誘電体材料とを交互に積層されることで、各層間の境界面での反射光や透過光による干渉を強め合い、高反射率、高透過率が得られる多層膜干渉効果によって、所謂ハーフミラーとしての機能を奏する。
【0029】
また、第一平面基板23の干渉膜22と、第二平面基板47の干渉膜45とは、可動薄膜27を対称に同一の積層構成を有している。これにより、透過光量の可動薄膜の移動による変化を大きくできる。
【0030】
次に、上記構成の光変調素子21の光変調動作を説明する。
図4に光変調素子の動作を説明する断面図を示した。
光変調素子21では、図4(a)に示す状態から、可動薄膜27の可動電極31と第一平面基板23の固定電極37との間に駆動電圧VONを印加すると、可動薄膜27に電荷が静電誘導される。この電荷と第一平面基板23の固定電極37との間に作用する静電気力によって、可動薄膜27は、図4(b)に示すように、第一平面基板23側へ吸着力が働くことによって弾性変形され、第一平面基板23上面に近接するように変位する。一方、非駆動電圧VOFFが印加されて静電気力による吸着力がなくなると、図4(a)に示すように、弾性復帰力によって再び可動薄膜27の中央部が空隙25を隔てた位置に浮上して配置される。光変調素子21では、この可動薄膜27の変位動作又は弾性復帰動作により、特定の波長域の光が選択的に透過又は反射される。
【0031】
つまり、光変調素子21は、可動薄膜27の変位により、可動薄膜27、干渉膜22,45からなる平行ミラー間の距離をそれぞれ異ならせ、平行ミラー間で繰り返し反射させた合成波の強度を変化させることによって、導入された光を透過又は反射させている。即ち、ファブリペロー干渉を利用した光変調を行っている。
【0032】
この光変調素子21では、可動薄膜27を変位させることで、干渉モードにて光変調を行っている。これにより、低い駆動電圧(数V〜致十V)で、数十〔nsec〕の高速動作が可能になる。なお、干渉の条件を満たせば、空隙25,26の間隔、屈折率、可動薄膜27及び干渉膜22,45の光強度反射率等はいずれの組合せでも良い。また、印加電圧の値により空隙25,26の間隔を連続的に変化させると、透過スペクトルの中心波長を任意に変化させることが可能である。これにより透過光量を連続的に制御することも可能である。即ち、印加電圧による階調制御が可能となる。
また、本実施形態の光変調素子21は、入射した光を入射光導入側に反射して戻す反射型の光変調素子としても、また、第二平面基板47側から可動薄膜27を通して第一平面基板23側へ透過させる透過型の光変調素子としても構成できる。
【0033】
本実施の形態による光変調素子21は、可動薄膜27と第一平面基板23とからなる従来構成の光変調素子による光変調作用に加えて、干渉膜45を有する第二平面基板47を空隙26を隔てて上下直列に結合することで、従来構成の場合よりも広い透過帯を得ることができるようになっている。従って、従来、可動薄膜27と第一平面基板23とを配置して透過させるのみでは狭かった光透過を可能とする波長マージンを、広く設定することができる。これにより、膜厚精度、光学系組み込み精度、入射光の波長精度等を緩めることができ、その結果、光変調素子の製造コストを低く抑えることができる。
【0034】
また、上記構成の光変調素子21によれば、光変調部において、電極部による光の吸収を皆無にでき、光強度が強い場合に生じる電極部の発熱による変形・破壊等が防止でき、光変調素子21の高速駆動が可能になり、かつ長寿命化が実現できる。さらに、光透過部位における光の吸収がなくなるので、透過光の強度も増大させることができる。また、可動薄膜を矩形状に形成し、その中央部の全てを薄膜側非電極部41として電極を除去したので、複数の光変調素子を一次元に配列した場合、隣接する光変調素子の光透過部同士の間に電極が介在せず、露光装置、表示装置に用いた場合の画素密度を高精細にできる。
【0035】
ここで、第二平面基板47を設けることにより、光透過が可能となる波長マージンが広くなる様子を、シミュレーションによって求めた結果について、図5〜図9を参照して順次説明する。
図5は図1に示す合計7層の干渉膜を備えた光変調素子に対する光の透過率特性を示すグラフである。図中、○印は電極へ駆動電圧を印加した場合の特性で、●印は非駆動電圧を印加した場合の特性を示している。
この場合、波長λ=405nm近傍を透過帯としており、干渉膜の構造は図3(b)にも示したように、電極への非駆動電圧の印加時では、第2平面基板47側から、
【0036】
SiO2 (145nm)
TiO2 (21nm)
SiO2 (33nm)
空隙 (101nm)
TiO2 (42nm)
空隙 (101nm)
SiO2 (17nm)
TiO2 (25nm)
SiO2 (148nm)
となる。そして、駆動電圧の印加時では、可動薄膜27下側の空隙25がなくなることになる。また、ここでの光変調素子は、入射光の波長が405nmであることを想定して、全ての波長域でλ=405nmとして計算した。
【0037】
但し、屈折率nは、
ガラス n=1.5151
SiO2 n=1.4703
TiO2 n=2.3493
空隙 n=1
としている。
【0038】
また、図6は、図5に示す透過率特性の計算において、各膜厚の組み合わせを決める際の収束計算を、標準とした2回から1回に変更した結果を示すグラフである。この透過率特性においては、光透過が可能となる波長マージンが格段に広くなり、幅広い波長域に対して光変調が可能となる。
【0039】
図7は、光変調素子の干渉膜の構成を、図3(c)に示す9層構成とした場合の光の透過率特性を示すグラフであり、図8は、図3(d)に示す15層構成とした場合の光の透過率特性を示すグラフである。いずれの透過率特性においても、光透過が可能となる波長マージンが広がっている。
【0040】
一方、図9は、比較のため従来の多層干渉膜を備えた光変調素子における波長特性をシミュレーションにより求めたグラフであって、光変調素子を合計7層の干渉膜で構成した場合の波長特性を示している。この場合の層構成及び各層の厚みは以下の通りである。
TiO2 (43.1nm)
SiO2 (68.9nm)
TiO2 (43.1nm)
空隙 (101.3nm)
SiO2 (137.8nm)
TiO2 (43.1nm)
SiO2 (68.9nm)
TiO2 (43.1nm)
【0041】
図9に示すλ=405nm近傍を透過帯とする従来の光変調素子の場合には、その多層膜構造は、非駆動電圧の印加時(電圧OFF状態)では、光透過状態となり得る波長マージンが、非常にシャープな分布となり透過帯が狭小となる。
【0042】
これらのシミュレーションの結果から、第二平面基板を有した光変調素子による光透過性が得られる波長マージンは、従来の第二平面基板を有しない光変調素子の波長マージンと比較すると、第二平面基板を有した光変調素子の方が、波長マージンが格段に広くなることを確認できる。
【0043】
以上説明したように、第二平面基板を有する光変調素子の光の透過率特性によれば、光透過が可能となる波長マージンが、波長約405nmを中心にして広く設定されているため、光変調素子製作時や使用時に、各干渉層の膜厚精度、光学系組み込み精度、入射光の波長精度等の各種誤差要因により透過率特性が多少変化しても、透過率特性の変化が直ちに光変調素子の光変調機能に大きく影響することがなく、実使用に影響のない許容範囲内に収められる。従って、光変調素子製作時や組み付け時の要求精度を緩和でき、製造コストの低減が図られる。
【0044】
なお、上記した光変調素子は、可動薄膜27を矩形状で形成し、長手方向の任意の位置における幅が等しい場合を説明したが、光変調素子21は、図10に示すように、可動薄膜27の長手方向両端近傍に、中央部の幅より狭い狭小部59を形成するものであってもよい。なお、図10中の各部位における寸法は、例えば、a=150μm、b=20μm、c=50μm、d=10μm、e=100μm程度で形成することができる。
【0045】
このような狭小部59を設けることで、光を透過又は反射させる可動薄膜27の長手方向中央部の変形を小さくした状態で、可動薄膜27全体を第一平面基板23に対して平行に変位させることができるようになる。また、この狭小部59が変形することにより、均一幅の可動薄膜27を変形させる場合に比べ、可動薄膜27の駆動力が低減し、駆動速度の高速化が可能になる。
【0046】
次に、上記した光変調素子21を、光変調素子アレイとして利用した露光装置について説明する。
図11は本発明に係る露光装置の要部構成の概略を表した斜視図、図12は図11に示した光変調素子アレイの拡大斜視図、図13は上記の光変調素子を用いて構成した他の露光部の拡大斜視図である。
この実施の形態では、光変調素子21により構成した光変調素子アレイを、液晶カラーフィルタ製造工程に使用するフォトレジスト用の露光装置61に適用した例を説明する。
【0047】
この露光装置61は、図11に示すように、露光対象物63を側面に吸着して保持する縦型のフラットステージ65と、画像データ67に応じて変調された光ビーム(紫外レーザ光)69で露光対象物63を走査露光する露光ヘッド71とを備えている。フラットステージ65は、図示しないガイドによってX軸方向に移動可能に支持されており、露光ヘッド71は、図示しないガイトによってY軸方向に移動可能に支持されている。
【0048】
フラットステージ65の裏面角部には一対のナット73が固定されており、ナット73の雌ねじ部75にはリードスクリュー77が螺合されている。リードスクリュー77の一方の端部にはリードスクリュー77を回転させる駆動モータ79が取り付けられており、駆動モータ79はモータコントローラ81に接続されている。そして、この駆動モータ79によるリードスクリュー77の回転に伴い、フラットステージ65がX軸方向にステップ状に移動される。
【0049】
露光ヘッド71の下部には一対のナット83が固定されており、ナット83の雌ねじ部85にはリードスクリュー87が螺合されている。リードスクリュー87の一方の端部にはリードスクリュー87を回転させる駆動モータ89がベルトを介して連結されており、駆動モータ89はモータコントローラ81に接続されている。そして、この駆動モータ89によるリードスクリュー87の回転に伴い、露光ヘッド71がY軸方向に往復移動される。ナット83、リードスクリュー87、駆動モータ89は、移動手段90を構成する。
【0050】
この場合の露光対象物63は、ブラックマトリックスが形成されたガラス基板上に、例えばR色の顔料を紫外線硬化樹脂に分散させたカラーレジスト膜を形成したものである。この露光対象物63に紫外レーザ光69を照射すると、カラーレジスト膜の紫外レーザ光69が照射された部分だけが硬化してR色のカラーフィルタ部が形成される。
【0051】
露光ヘッド71は、図12に示すように、高出力な紫外レーザ光源91、紫外レーザ光源91から入射されたレーザ光をX軸方向に平行光化すると共にXY平面と直交する方向に収束させるレンズ93、入射されたレーザ光を画像データ67に応じて各画素毎に変調する光変調素子アレイ95、及び光変調素子アレイ95で変調されたレーザ光を露光対象物63の表面に倍率を変えて結像させるズームレンズ97で構成された露光ユニットを備えている。
【0052】
この露光ユニットを構成する各部材はケーシング99内に収納されており、ズームレンズ97から出射された紫外レーザ光69は、ケーシング99に設けられた図示しない開口を通過して露光対象物63の表面に照射される。ズームレンズ97は、図示しない駆動モータによって、光軸に沿って移動され結像倍率の調整を行う。なお、通常、ズームレンズは組合せレンズで構成されるが、図示を簡単にするため1枚のレンズのみ示した。
【0053】
紫外レーザ光源91、レンズ93、光変調素子アレイ95、及びズームレンズ97は、図示しない固定部材によってケーシング99に固定されており、ズームレンズ97は、図示しないガイドによって光軸方向に移動可能に支持されている。また、紫外レーザ光源91及び光変調素子アレイ95は、各々図示しないドライバを介してこれらを制御する図示しないコントローラに接続されている。
【0054】
紫外レーザ光源91は、例えば窒化ガリウム系半導体レーザを用いる。なお、ブロードエリアの発光領域を有する窒化ガリウム系半導体レーザを用いると、波長約405nmの紫外領域の光が高出力で得られ、高速での走査に有利になる。
【0055】
感光材料としては、液晶カラーフィルタ形成用感光材料、プリント配線基板製造用のフォトレジスト、印刷用感光性シリンダー、印刷用感光性材料を塗布したシリンダー、及び印刷用刷版を挙げることができる。これら感光材料は、縦型の平板ステージに保持することができる。感光材料を縦型の平板ステージに保持することにより、感光材料のたわみを最小限に抑えられるため高精度な露光が図られる。
【0056】
光変調素子アレイ95は、上記の光変調素子21を、同一平面上で、可動薄膜27の長手方向に直交する方向に複数近接させて並設している。この実施の形態では、並設方向が図12の上下方向(X方向)となる。従って、この並設方向に直交する方向(Y方向)で露光対象物63と露光ヘッド71とを相対移動させると、光変調素子21の並設数と同数の画素数で、1ライン分を露光対象物63に露光することができ、この場合においても、光変調素子21の有する特性により、高速の露光が可能になり、かつ長寿命化が実現できる。なお、図12中の各部位における寸法は、例えば、f=2mm(1000ch)、g=20μm程度で形成することができる。
【0057】
次に、本実施の形態の露光装置の動作を説明する。露光対象物63に紫外レーザ光69を照射して露光するために、画像データ67が、光変調素子アレイ95のコントローラ(図示せず)に入力され、コントローラ内のフレームメモリに一旦記憶される。この画像データ67は、画像を構成する各画素の濃度を2値(即ちドットの記録の有無)で表したデータである。
【0058】
露光ヘッド71の紫外レーザ光源91から出射されたレーザ光は、レンズ93によりX軸方向に平行光化されると共にXY平面と直交する方向に収束されて、光変調素子アレイ95に入射される。入射されたレーザ光は、光変調素子アレイ95によって同時に変調される。変調されたレーザ光がズームレンズ97により露光対象物63の表面に結像される。
【0059】
露光開始時には、露光ヘッド71が露光開始位置(X軸方向及びY軸方向の原点)に移動される。モータコントローラ81が駆動モータ89を一定速度で回転させると、リードスクリュー87も一定速度で回転し、リードスクリュー87の回転に伴い、露光ヘッド71がY軸方向に一定速度で移動される。
【0060】
露光ヘッド71のY軸方向への移動と共に、フレームメモリに記憶されている画像データ67が、1ライン分、光変調素子アレイ95の光変調素子21の数と略同数の画素単位で順に読み出され、読み出された画像データ67に応じて光変調素子21の各々がオン/オフ制御される。これにより露光ヘッド71から出射される紫外レーザ光69がオン/オフされて、露光対象物63が、X軸方向に光変調素子21の数と略同数の画素単位で露光されると共に、Y軸方向に1ライン分走査露光される。
【0061】
露光ヘッド71が露光対象物63の端部に達すると、露光ヘッド71はY軸方向の原点に復帰する。そして、モータコントローラ81が駆動モータ79を一定速度で回転させると、リードスクリュー77も一定速度で回転し、リードスクリュー77の回転に伴い、フラットステージ65がX軸方向に1ステップ移動される。以上の主走査及び副走査を繰り返し、露光対象物63が画像様に露光される。なお、上記では露光ヘッド71を原点に復帰させて往路でのみ露光する例について説明したが、復路においても露光するようにしてもよい。これにより更に露光時間を短縮できる。
【0062】
この露光装置61によれば、光変調素子アレイ95における光変調素子の並設方向に直交する方向で、光変調素子アレイ95を移動手段によって感光材料に対し相対移動させることで、紫外線領域に感度を有する感光材料をデジタルデータに基づいて直接走査露光することができ、この場合においても、高速の露光を可能にし、かつ長寿命化を実現できる。
【0063】
また、高出力の紫外レーザ光源を用いているので、紫外領域に感度を有する露光対象物を,デジタルデータに基づいて直接走査露光することができる。これにより、プロキシミティ方式の露光装置と比べると、(1)マスクが不要でコストが削減できる。これにより生産性が向上する他、少量多品種の生産にも好適である、(2)デジタルデータに基づいて直接走査露光するので適宜データを補正することができ、高精度な保持機構、アライメント機構、及び温度安定化機構が不要になり、装置のコストダウンを図ることができる、(3)紫外レーザ光源は超高圧水銀ランプに比べ安価で耐久性に優れており、ランニングコストを低減することができる、(4)紫外レーザ光源は駆動電圧が低く消費電力を低減できる、という利点がある。
【0064】
更に、薄膜側非電極部41及び基板側非電極部43を有する光変調素子21を用いているため、従来の透過光を変調する光学素子(PLZT素子)や液晶光シャッタ(FLC)を用いる構成に比べて、入射光の吸収性を格段に少なくすることができ、紫外レーザ光に対する耐久性を高めることができる。この結果、高出力紫外レーザを光源に用い露光を行う場合であっても、露光装置の信頼性を大幅に向上させることができる。また、光変調素子アレイ95は、静電気力を利用した電気機械動作により駆動されるため、低い駆動電圧(数V〜数十V)で、動作速度が数十〔nsec〕程度まで得られ、上述の耐久性が向上するという効果に加え、高速露光も可能になる。
【0065】
なお、この実施の形態では、高出力レーザ光源を、GaN系半導体レーザと合波光学系とで構成した紫外レーザ光源とする例について説明したが、高出力レーザ光源を、以下の(1)〜(4)のいずれかで構成してもよい。(1)窒化ガリウム系半導体レーザ。好ましくは、ブロードエリアの発光領域を有する窒化ガリウム系半導体レーザ。(2)半導体レーザで固体レーザ結晶を励起して得られたレーザビームを光波長変換素子で波長変換して出射する半導体レーザ励起固体レーザ。(3)半導体レーザでファイバを励起して得られたレーザビームを光波長変換素子で波長変換して出射するファイバレーザ。(4)上記(1)〜(3)のいずれかのレーザ光源又はランプ光源と合波光学系とで構成された高出力レーザ光源。また、本実施形態では、光源を紫外光としたが、赤外、可視、紫外のいずれの波長であってもよい。
【0066】
また、上記の実施の形態では、光変調素子アレイ95を通過させた変調光を、ズームレンズ97によって焦点調整して露光対象物63に照射する構成を説明したが、露光装置61は、例えば図13に示すように、光変調素子アレイ95と感光ドラム111との間に、ロッドレンズ等の集光レンズ113を配設し、光変調素子アレイ95からの変調光をこの集光レンズ113で集光させて、露光対象物に露光するものであってもよい。
【0067】
このような構成によれば、光変調素子アレイ95からの変調光を集光レンズ113で集光して感光材料に直接露光するので、略密着露光に近い光学系を構成できる利点がある。なお、ここでは、移動手段としてアウタードラムである感光ドラムを用いる例について説明したが、これに限らず、インナードラム、フラットベット等の他の移動手段を用いる構成としてもよい。
【0068】
【発明の効果】
以上詳細に説明したように、本発明に係る光変調素子によれば、単層の干渉膜を備えた可動薄膜を挟む、多層の干渉膜を備えた第一平面基板の反対側に、多層の干渉膜を備え光の透過する第二平面基板を、空隙を隔てて平行に対向配置したので、従来、可動薄膜と第一平面基板とを透過させた場合では狭かった波長マージンを広くすることができ、膜厚精度、光学系組み込み精度、入射光の波長精度等を緩めることができ、その結果、光変調素子の製造コストを低く抑えることができるようになる。そして、本発明に係る光変調素子アレイによれば、光変調素子を、同一平面上で、可動薄膜の長手方向に直交する方向に複数近接させて並設したので、光変調素子の並設数と同数の画素数で、1ライン分を同時に光変調することができる。また、本発明に係る露光装置によれば、光変調素子アレイと、光ビームを出射する高出力レーザ光源と、光変調素子アレイからの出射光を感光材料に対して相対移動させる移動手段とを設けたので、感光材料を直接走査露光することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る光変調素子の構成を示す断面図である。
【図2】図1に示した光変調素子の平面図である。
【図3】干渉膜の層構成の例を示す図である。
【図4】光変調素子の動作を説明する断面図である。
【図5】図1に示す合計7層の干渉膜を備えた光変調素子に対する光の透過率特性を示すグラフである。
【図6】図5に示す透過率特性の計算において、各膜厚の組み合わせを決める際の収束計算を、標準とした2回から1回に変更した結果を示すグラフである。
【図7】光変調素子の干渉膜の構成を、図3(c)に示す9層構成とした場合の光の透過率特性を示すグラフである。
【図8】光変調素子の干渉膜の構成を、図3(d)に示す15層構成とした場合の光の透過率特性を示すグラフである。
【図9】光変調素子を合計7層の干渉膜で構成した場合の波長特性を示すグラフである。
【図10】可動薄膜の長手方向両端近傍に中央部の幅より狭い狭小部を形成した光変調素子の平面図である。
【図11】本発明に係る露光装置の要部構成の概略を表した斜視図である。
【図12】図11に示した光変調素子アレイの拡大斜視図である。
【図13】図11に示した光変調素子を用いて構成した他の露光部の拡大斜視図である。
【図14】従来の光変調素子の構成と動作を説明する図である。
【図15】ブラックライト用低圧水銀ランプの分光特性を示すグラフである。
【図16】光変調素子の光の透過率を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
21…光変調素子
22,45…干渉膜
23…第一平面基板
25,26…空隙
27…可動薄膜
31,37…平面電極
41…可動薄膜側非電極部
43…基板側非電極部
47…第二平面基板
95…光変調素子アレイ
61…露光装置
63…露光対象物(感光材料)
90…移動手段
91…紫外レーザ光源(高出力レーザ光源)
113…集光レンズ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a light modulation element and a light modulation element array that modulate light by changing the amount of light transmitted or reflected through the movable thin film by displacing the movable thin film with electrostatic force, and an exposure apparatus using the same. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
There is a light modulation element as a control element that temporally changes the amplitude, phase, and frequency of light. The light modulation element changes the refractive index of a substance that transmits light by an external field applied to the substance, and finally transmits or reflects this substance through optical phenomena such as refraction, diffraction, absorption, and scattering. Control the intensity of light. As one of these, an electromechanical light modulation element that performs light modulation by mechanically operating a movable thin film manufactured by micromachining with electrostatic force is known. As this light modulation element, for example, as shown in FIG. 14A, a movable thin film 5 composed of a transparent movable electrode 1 and a diaphragm 3 having an interference film is provided on a flat substrate 11 having a fixed electrode 9 and a support portion 7. There is something erected via
[0003]
In this light modulation element, as shown in FIG. 14B, a predetermined drive voltage V between the electrodes 1 and 9 is used.ONIs applied, an electrostatic force is generated between the electrodes 1 and 9, and the movable thin film 5 is bent toward the fixed electrode 9. Along with this, the optical characteristics of the element itself change, and the light modulation element enters a transmission state through which light is transmitted. This is changed by controlling the intensity of light emitted from the light modulation unit using, for example, Fabry-Perot interference. On the other hand, by applying a non-driving voltage such as zero applied voltage, the movable thin film 5 is elastically restored, and the light modulation element is in a reflective state that reflects light. In this manner, for example, on the incident light introduction side of the light modulation element, light modulation that becomes bright by applying the drive voltage and dark by applying the non-drive voltage is realized. According to this type of light modulation element, since the movable thin film 5 is driven by electrostatic induction, a high-speed response is possible as compared with a conventional liquid crystal light modulator.
[0004]
Here, a basic light modulation action using Fabry-Perot interference as described above will be described. In Fabry-Perot interference, an incident light beam is repeatedly reflected and transmitted to be divided into a large number of light beams, which are parallel to each other. The transmitted light overlaps and interferes at infinity. If the angle formed by the normal of the surface and the incident light beam is θ, the optical path difference between two adjacent light beams is given by x = nt · cos θ. However, n is a refractive index between two surfaces, and t is an interval. If the optical path difference x is an integral multiple of the wavelength λ, the transmission lines reinforce each other, and if the optical path difference x is an odd multiple of the half wavelength, they cancel each other. That is, if there is no phase change during reflection,
2nt · cos θ = mλ (1)
2nt · cos θ = (2m + 1) λ / 2 (2) The transmitted light is minimized.
However, m is an integer.
That is, in Fabry-Perot interference in which reflection and transmission are repeated between parallel mirrors, only a wavelength that is approximately an integral multiple of the gap is transmitted through the light modulation element.
[0005]
Here, consider a case where the light modulation element having the configuration shown in FIG. 14 is used and light emitted from, for example, a black light ultraviolet lamp (low-pressure mercury lamp) is light-modulated. When a phosphor for black light is applied to the inner wall of a low-pressure mercury lamp, the spectral characteristics of the emitted ultraviolet light are, for example, as shown in FIG.0To have.
[0006]
Here, the non-driving voltage V is applied to the light modulation element.OFFLet toff be the interval of the air gap 10 when the voltage is applied (state shown in FIG. 14A). The drive voltage VONThe interval between the gaps 10 when the voltage is applied is ton (state shown in FIG. 14B).
Further, ton and toff are set as follows.
ton = 1/2 × λ0= 180nm
toff = 3/4 × λ0= 270nm
However,
m = 1
λ0: UV center wavelength
And
[0007]
The movable thin film 5 and the interference film 3 have a light intensity reflectance R = 0.85. The air gap 10 is made of air or a rare gas, and its refractive index is n = 1. Since the ultraviolet rays are collimated, the incident angle θ incident on the light modulation element is approximately zero. The light transmittance with respect to the wavelength of the light modulation element at this time is as shown in FIG. That is, the light modulation element 21 has a non-driving voltage V between the movable electrode 1 and the fixed electrode 9.OFFIs applied, toff = 270 nm, and the center wavelength λ is around 360 nm shown in FIG.0It hardly transmits ultraviolet rays with. On the other hand, when the drive voltage is applied and ton = 180 nm, the center wavelength λ is around 360 nm.0It will be able to transmit ultraviolet rays with.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional light modulation element, when light modulation is performed in the interference mode, the wavelength range (wavelength margin) that enables light transmission tends to be very narrow. In the case of the above light modulation element, the wavelength spectrum in the vicinity of the wavelength of 360 nm shown in FIG. 16, that is, the wavelength region that can be in the light transmission state, has a very sharp distribution and a narrow transmission band.
Therefore, in order to operate the light modulation element correctly with this narrow transmission band, it is necessary to maintain the film thickness accuracy, the optical system incorporation accuracy, the wavelength accuracy of incident light, etc. at the time of manufacturing the light modulation device with high accuracy, If an error exceeding the narrow transmission band occurs, the light modulation element cannot perform light on / off control. For this reason, there has been a problem that the manufacturing cost of the light modulation element increases.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and can widen the wavelength margin that enables on / off modulation of light, thereby enabling the accuracy of film thickness, the accuracy of optical system incorporation, and the incident light. An object of the present invention is to provide a light modulation element and a light modulation element array that can relax wavelength accuracy and the like, and an exposure apparatus using the light modulation element, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the light modulation element.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to achieve the above object, the light modulation element according to claim 1 of the present invention is provided with an interference film and a first flat substrate transparent to light to be modulated and a movable thin film in parallel with a gap therebetween. The movable thin film is displaced with respect to the first planar substrate by electrostatic force generated by applying a voltage to a planar electrode provided on each of the first planar substrate and the movable thin film. A light modulation element that changes the amount of light transmitted or reflected,
  On the opposite side of the first flat substrate across the movable thin film, an interference film is provided and a second flat substrate transparent to the light to be modulated is arranged in parallel with a gap therebetween.And
  The interference film of the flexible thin film is a single-layer interference film, and the interference films of the first planar substrate and the second planar substrate are multilayer interference films, respectively.It is characterized by that.
[0011]
  In this light modulation element,With single-layer interference filmWith movable thin filmWith multi-layer interference filmTo the interference filter (Fabry-Perot filter) consisting of the first flat substrate,Multi-layerBy coupling the second planar substrate having the interference film in series with a gap, a transmission band in a relatively wide wavelength range can be obtained. In other words, the wavelength margin that enables light transmission, which was narrow in the past when the movable thin film and the first planar substrate were transmitted, can be widened. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the light modulation element can be kept low.
[0012]
The light modulation element according to claim 2, wherein the movable thin film has a movable thin film side non-electrode portion on which the planar electrode is not formed, and the first planar substrate faces the movable thin film side non-electrode portion. It has the board | substrate side non-electrode part in which the said plane electrode is not formed, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0013]
In this light modulation element, since it is not necessary to provide a transparent electrode at the light transmissive portion of the movable thin film and the first flat substrate, light absorption by the transparent electrode can be eliminated. In addition, it is possible to prevent the deformation and destruction of the transparent electrode due to the heat generated when the light intensity is high, and to realize high-speed driving and long life of the light modulation element. Furthermore, since there is no light absorption, the intensity of transmitted light can be increased. If the interference film is a multilayer interference film in which a dielectric material having a high refractive index and a dielectric material having a low refractive index are alternately laminated, interference caused by reflected light or transmitted light at the interface between the layers. The high reflectance and the high transmittance can be obtained. Further, if the multilayer interference film of the first planar substrate and the multilayer interference film of the second planar substrate have the same laminated structure symmetrically with respect to the movable thin film, transmission due to movement of the flexible thin film The change in the amount of light can be increased.
[0014]
The light modulation element array according to claim 3, wherein the movable thin film is formed in a rectangular shape and both ends in the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film are supported on the same plane. A plurality of the thin films are arranged close to each other in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film.
[0015]
In this light modulation element array, a plurality of light modulation elements are juxtaposed in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film on the same plane, so that the number of pixels is the same as the number of light modulation elements arranged in parallel. One line can be optically modulated simultaneously.
[0016]
4. The exposure apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the light modulation element array according to claim 3, a laser light source for irradiating the light modulation element array with a light beam, and a light-sensitive material sensitive to the light beam, the light modulation. And a moving means for moving the emitted light from the element array in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction orthogonal thereto.
[0017]
In this exposure apparatus, the light modulation element array according to claim 3 is used, the light from the laser light source is irradiated onto the light modulation element array, and the light emitted from the light modulation element is made relative to the photosensitive material by the moving means. By irradiating the photosensitive material while being moved, the photosensitive material can be directly scanned and exposed.
[0018]
An exposure apparatus according to claim 5 condenses the light modulation element array according to claim 3, a high-power laser light source that irradiates the light modulation element array with a light beam, and light emitted from the light modulation element array. A condenser lens, and a moving means for moving the emitted light collected by the condenser lens relative to the photosensitive material sensitive to the light beam in a main scanning direction and a sub-scanning direction perpendicular thereto. It is characterized by that.
[0019]
In this exposure apparatus, the light modulation element array according to claim 3 is used, the light from the laser light source is irradiated onto the light modulation element array, and the light emitted from the light modulation element is condensed by a condenser lens. By irradiating the photosensitive material while moving the emitted light relative to the photosensitive material by the moving means, the photosensitive material can be directly scanned and exposed, and an optical system almost close to contact exposure can be configured.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Preferred embodiments of a light modulation element, a light modulation element array, and an exposure apparatus using the same according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a light modulation element according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the light modulation element shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a layer structure example of the light modulation element.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 1, the light modulation element 21 includes an interference film 22 and a planar electrode 37 on the upper surface, a first planar substrate 23 that is transparent to light to be modulated, and a sacrificial surface on the upper surface of the first planar substrate 23. A movable thin film 27 having an interference film and a planar electrode (movable electrode) 31 is separated by a gap 25 formed by a method such as layer formation / removal, and an interference film 45 is formed on the lower surface with a similar gap 26 being further separated. A second flat substrate 47 transparent to the light to be modulated is provided as a basic configuration. The first planar substrate 23, the movable thin film 27, and the second planar substrate 47 are arranged to face each other in parallel. In addition to the movable thin film 27 itself being formed of an interference film, the movable thin film 27 may be formed separately. In the present embodiment, the case where the movable thin film 27 itself is made of an interference film will be described as an example.
[0022]
The first planar substrate 23 has a structure in which a glass substrate 35, an interference film 22, and a planar electrode (fixed electrode) 37 are sequentially laminated, and a support portion 28 is erected on the fixed electrode 37. The support portion 28 erected on the fixed electrode 37 of the first planar substrate 23 is made of, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, ceramic, resin, or the like, and its upper surface is joined to the movable thin film 27. The movable thin film 27 has elasticity, is formed in a rectangular shape, has a structure in which both ends in the longitudinal direction are joined to the support portion 28, and a planar electrode (movable electrode) 31 is laminated on a diaphragm 33 which is an interference film. It has become.
[0023]
The movable electrode 31 and the fixed electrode 37 are made of aluminum, but in addition, a metal or a conductive metal compound can be used. As the metal, a metal thin film such as gold, silver, palladium, zinc, or copper can be used. As the metal compound, a compound of these metals or the like can be used. The diaphragm 33 is made of TiO.2However, silicon nitride, various oxides, nitrides and the like can be used. In the case where a separate interference film is provided on the movable thin film 27, other than this, a semiconductor such as polysilicon, an insulating silicon oxide, or the like can be used in addition to ceramic, resin, or the like.
[0024]
The second planar substrate 47 has an interference film 45 on the surface facing the movable thin film 27 (the lower surface in FIG. 1), and via support portions 29 erected on the movable electrodes 31 at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film 27. By supporting the lower surface on the interference film 45 side, the first flat substrate 23 and the movable thin film 27 are disposed in parallel and opposed to each other. The second flat substrate 47 has a structure in which the interference film 45 is laminated on the glass substrate 36. Here, for the glass substrates 35 and 36 described above, for example, resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and polycarbonate can be used in addition to glass.
[0025]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the light modulation element 21 is formed in a one-dimensional array in which a plurality of movable thin films 27 are adjacent to a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film 27 on the same plane, for example. The 2 can be formed with dimensions of, for example, about a = 150 μm, b = 20 μm, and c = 50 μm.
[0026]
In addition, a thin film side non-electrode portion 41 that divides the movable electrode 31 formed on the movable thin film 27 at both ends in the longitudinal direction is provided in the central portion of the movable thin film 27 in the longitudinal direction. The substrate-side non-electrode portion 43 facing the thin film-side non-electrode portion 41 is provided. That is, there is no electrode portion in the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film 27 and the region of the first flat substrate 23 corresponding thereto, and these thin film side non-electrode portion 41 and substrate side non-electrode portion 43 include As shown in FIG. 2, the movable electrode 31 and the fixed electrode 37 are positively removed. The light modulation element 21 performs light modulation by using the thin film side non-electrode portion 41 and the substrate side non-electrode portion 43 as a light transmission portion, so that it is not necessary to provide a transparent electrode at the light transmission portion, and the conductivity and light transmission are eliminated. The rate can be improved.
[0027]
As described above, the light modulation element 21 of the present embodiment includes the interference film 22 and the interference film 45 between the glass substrate 35 of the first flat substrate 23 and the glass substrate 36 of the second flat substrate 47. The movable thin film 27 having the interference film is disposed between the interference film 22 and the interference film 45 with the gaps 25 and 26 interposed therebetween. Thus, the movable thin film 27 has the gaps 25 and 26 on the first flat substrate 23 side and the second flat substrate 47 side, and faces the interference film 22 and the interference film 45.
[0028]
These interference films 22 and 45 are formed of multilayer interference films, for example, TiO2 formed by vapor deposition or sputtering.2/ SiO2It can be set as a multilayer film. An example of the layer structure of these interference films 22 and 45 is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the movable thin film 27 is made of TiO.2TiO 2 in the entirety of the interference film 22, the interference film 45, and the movable thin film 27.2And SiO2A multilayer interference film having a total of seven layers is provided. That is, as shown in FIG. 3B, the laminated structure is made of glass / SiO 2 in order from the first flat substrate side.2/ TiO2/ SiO2/ Void / TiO2/ Void / SiO2/ TiO2/ SiO2/ It is glass. The interference films 22 and 45 are formed by alternately laminating a dielectric material having a high refractive index and a dielectric material having a low refractive index, thereby strengthening interference caused by reflected light or transmitted light at the interface between the layers. In addition, the multilayer film interference effect that provides high reflectivity and high transmittance provides a function as a so-called half mirror.
[0029]
Further, the interference film 22 of the first flat substrate 23 and the interference film 45 of the second flat substrate 47 have the same laminated configuration with the movable thin film 27 being symmetrical. Thereby, the change by the movement of the movable thin film of transmitted light amount can be enlarged.
[0030]
Next, the light modulation operation of the light modulation element 21 configured as described above will be described.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view for explaining the operation of the light modulation element.
In the light modulation element 21, the driving voltage V is applied between the movable electrode 31 of the movable thin film 27 and the fixed electrode 37 of the first planar substrate 23 from the state shown in FIG.ONIs applied, a charge is electrostatically induced in the movable thin film 27. Due to the electrostatic force acting between this electric charge and the fixed electrode 37 of the first flat substrate 23, the movable thin film 27 has an adsorption force acting on the first flat substrate 23 side as shown in FIG. It is elastically deformed and displaced so as to be close to the upper surface of the first flat substrate 23. On the other hand, non-drive voltage VOFF4 is applied and the attraction force due to the electrostatic force disappears, the central portion of the movable thin film 27 is again floated and disposed at a position separated by the gap 25 by the elastic restoring force, as shown in FIG. In the light modulation element 21, light in a specific wavelength region is selectively transmitted or reflected by the displacement operation or the elastic return operation of the movable thin film 27.
[0031]
That is, the light modulation element 21 varies the distance between the parallel mirrors composed of the movable thin film 27 and the interference films 22 and 45 according to the displacement of the movable thin film 27 and changes the intensity of the combined wave repeatedly reflected between the parallel mirrors. Thus, the introduced light is transmitted or reflected. That is, optical modulation using Fabry-Perot interference is performed.
[0032]
In the light modulation element 21, the movable thin film 27 is displaced to perform light modulation in the interference mode. Thereby, high speed operation of several tens [nsec] is possible with a low drive voltage (several V to several tens of V). If the interference condition is satisfied, any combination of the gaps 25 and 26, the refractive index, the light intensity reflectance of the movable thin film 27 and the interference films 22 and 45, etc. may be used. Further, when the interval between the gaps 25 and 26 is continuously changed depending on the value of the applied voltage, the center wavelength of the transmission spectrum can be arbitrarily changed. As a result, the amount of transmitted light can be continuously controlled. That is, gradation control by the applied voltage is possible.
The light modulation element 21 of the present embodiment may be a reflective light modulation element that reflects incident light back to the incident light introduction side and returns the first plane through the movable thin film 27 from the second plane substrate 47 side. It can also be configured as a transmission type light modulation element that transmits to the substrate 23 side.
[0033]
In the light modulation element 21 according to the present embodiment, the second flat substrate 47 having the interference film 45 is formed in the gap 26 in addition to the light modulation action by the light modulation element having the conventional configuration including the movable thin film 27 and the first flat substrate 23. By connecting them vertically in series, a wider transmission band can be obtained than in the case of the conventional configuration. Therefore, it is possible to set a wide wavelength margin that allows light transmission, which has been narrowed by simply arranging and transmitting the movable thin film 27 and the first planar substrate 23. Thereby, the film thickness accuracy, the optical system integration accuracy, the wavelength accuracy of incident light, etc. can be relaxed, and as a result, the manufacturing cost of the light modulation element can be kept low.
[0034]
Further, according to the light modulation element 21 configured as described above, light absorption by the electrode portion can be eliminated in the light modulation portion, and deformation / destruction due to heat generation of the electrode portion caused when the light intensity is strong can be prevented. The modulation element 21 can be driven at a high speed and a long life can be realized. Furthermore, since the light is not absorbed at the light transmitting portion, the intensity of the transmitted light can be increased. In addition, since the movable thin film is formed in a rectangular shape and the electrode is removed by using all of the central portion as the thin film side non-electrode portion 41, when a plurality of light modulation elements are arranged one-dimensionally, the light of the adjacent light modulation elements No electrode is interposed between the transmissive portions, and the pixel density when used in an exposure apparatus and a display apparatus can be made high definition.
[0035]
Here, how the wavelength margin that allows light transmission is widened by providing the second planar substrate 47 will be described sequentially with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing light transmittance characteristics with respect to the light modulation element including the interference films of a total of seven layers shown in FIG. In the figure, ◯ indicates characteristics when a driving voltage is applied to the electrode, and ● indicates characteristics when a non-driving voltage is applied.
In this case, the transmission band is in the vicinity of the wavelength λ = 405 nm, and the structure of the interference film is as shown in FIG. 3B from the second planar substrate 47 side when a non-driving voltage is applied to the electrode.
[0036]
SiO2  (145 nm)
TiO2    (21 nm)
SiO2    (33nm)
Air gap (101nm)
TiO2    (42 nm)
Air gap (101nm)
SiO2    (17 nm)
TiO2    (25nm)
SiO2  (148 nm)
It becomes. When the driving voltage is applied, the gap 25 below the movable thin film 27 is eliminated. Further, the light modulation element here was calculated assuming that the wavelength of the incident light is 405 nm and λ = 405 nm in all wavelength regions.
[0037]
However, the refractive index n is
Glass n = 1.5151
SiO2      n = 1.4703
TiO2      n = 2.493
Air gap n = 1
It is said.
[0038]
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of changing the convergence calculation when determining the combination of film thicknesses from the standard 2 times to the 1 time in the transmittance characteristic calculation shown in FIG. In this transmittance characteristic, the wavelength margin capable of transmitting light is significantly widened, and light modulation can be performed over a wide wavelength range.
[0039]
FIG. 7 is a graph showing light transmittance characteristics when the configuration of the interference film of the light modulation element is the nine-layer configuration shown in FIG. 3C, and FIG. 8 is a graph shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the light transmittance characteristic at the time of setting it as 15 layer structure. In any transmittance characteristic, the wavelength margin that enables light transmission is widened.
[0040]
On the other hand, FIG. 9 is a graph obtained by simulating the wavelength characteristics of a light modulation element having a conventional multilayer interference film for comparison, and shows the wavelength characteristics when the light modulation element is composed of a total of seven layers of interference films. Is shown. The layer configuration and the thickness of each layer in this case are as follows.
TiO2    (43.1 nm)
SiO2    (68.9nm)
TiO2    (43.1 nm)
Air gap (101.3nm)
SiO2  (137.8 nm)
TiO2    (43.1 nm)
SiO2    (68.9nm)
TiO2    (43.1 nm)
[0041]
In the case of a conventional light modulation element having a transmission band in the vicinity of λ = 405 nm shown in FIG. 9, the multilayer film structure has a wavelength margin that can be in a light transmission state when a non-driving voltage is applied (voltage OFF state). The distribution becomes very sharp and the transmission band becomes narrow.
[0042]
From the results of these simulations, the wavelength margin at which the light transmittance by the light modulation element having the second planar substrate is obtained is compared with the wavelength margin of the light modulation element having no conventional second planar substrate. It can be confirmed that the light modulation element having the substrate has a much wider wavelength margin.
[0043]
As described above, according to the light transmittance characteristics of the light modulation element having the second planar substrate, the wavelength margin that allows light transmission is set widely around the wavelength of about 405 nm. Even if the transmittance characteristics change slightly due to various error factors such as the film thickness accuracy of each interference layer, the accuracy of optical system integration, and the wavelength accuracy of incident light during manufacture and use of the modulation element, the change in the transmittance characteristics is immediately The optical modulation function of the modulation element is not greatly affected, and is within an allowable range that does not affect actual use. Therefore, the required accuracy at the time of manufacturing or assembling the light modulation element can be relaxed, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
[0044]
In the above light modulation element, the case where the movable thin film 27 is formed in a rectangular shape and the width at an arbitrary position in the longitudinal direction is the same is described. However, as shown in FIG. The narrow portion 59 narrower than the width of the central portion may be formed in the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction of 27. In addition, the dimension in each part in FIG. 10 can be formed with, for example, about a = 150 μm, b = 20 μm, c = 50 μm, d = 10 μm, and e = 100 μm.
[0045]
By providing such a narrow portion 59, the entire movable thin film 27 is displaced in parallel to the first flat substrate 23 in a state where the deformation of the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film 27 that transmits or reflects light is reduced. Will be able to. In addition, the deformation of the narrow portion 59 reduces the driving force of the movable thin film 27 and increases the driving speed compared to the case of deforming the movable thin film 27 having a uniform width.
[0046]
Next, an exposure apparatus that uses the above-described light modulation element 21 as a light modulation element array will be described.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the outline of the main part of the exposure apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 12 is an enlarged perspective view of the light modulation element array shown in FIG. 11, and FIG. 13 is a structure using the light modulation element. It is an expansion perspective view of the other exposed part.
In this embodiment, an example will be described in which a light modulation element array constituted by the light modulation elements 21 is applied to a photoresist exposure apparatus 61 used in a liquid crystal color filter manufacturing process.
[0047]
As shown in FIG. 11, the exposure apparatus 61 includes a vertical flat stage 65 that holds the exposure object 63 by adsorbing it on the side surface, and a light beam (ultraviolet laser light) 69 modulated in accordance with image data 67. And an exposure head 71 for scanning and exposing the exposure target 63. The flat stage 65 is supported by a guide (not shown) so as to be movable in the X-axis direction, and the exposure head 71 is supported by a guide (not shown) so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction.
[0048]
A pair of nuts 73 are fixed to the corners of the back surface of the flat stage 65, and a lead screw 77 is screwed into the female thread portion 75 of the nut 73. A drive motor 79 that rotates the lead screw 77 is attached to one end of the lead screw 77, and the drive motor 79 is connected to a motor controller 81. As the lead screw 77 is rotated by the drive motor 79, the flat stage 65 is moved stepwise in the X-axis direction.
[0049]
A pair of nuts 83 are fixed to the lower portion of the exposure head 71, and a lead screw 87 is screwed into the female thread portion 85 of the nut 83. A drive motor 89 that rotates the lead screw 87 is connected to one end of the lead screw 87 via a belt, and the drive motor 89 is connected to a motor controller 81. Then, as the lead screw 87 is rotated by the drive motor 89, the exposure head 71 is reciprocated in the Y-axis direction. The nut 83, the lead screw 87, and the drive motor 89 constitute a moving unit 90.
[0050]
The exposure object 63 in this case is obtained by forming a color resist film in which, for example, an R color pigment is dispersed in an ultraviolet curable resin on a glass substrate on which a black matrix is formed. When the exposure target 63 is irradiated with the ultraviolet laser light 69, only the portion of the color resist film irradiated with the ultraviolet laser light 69 is cured to form an R color filter portion.
[0051]
As shown in FIG. 12, the exposure head 71 is a high-power ultraviolet laser light source 91, a lens that collimates laser light incident from the ultraviolet laser light source 91 in the direction perpendicular to the XY plane while making the laser light parallel to the X-axis direction. 93, a light modulation element array 95 that modulates the incident laser light for each pixel according to the image data 67, and the magnification of the laser light modulated by the light modulation element array 95 on the surface of the exposure object 63 An exposure unit including a zoom lens 97 that forms an image is provided.
[0052]
Each member constituting the exposure unit is housed in the casing 99, and the ultraviolet laser light 69 emitted from the zoom lens 97 passes through an opening (not shown) provided in the casing 99 and the surface of the exposure target 63. Is irradiated. The zoom lens 97 is moved along the optical axis by a drive motor (not shown) to adjust the imaging magnification. Normally, the zoom lens is composed of a combination lens, but only one lens is shown for simplicity of illustration.
[0053]
The ultraviolet laser light source 91, the lens 93, the light modulation element array 95, and the zoom lens 97 are fixed to the casing 99 by a fixing member (not shown), and the zoom lens 97 is supported so as to be movable in the optical axis direction by a guide (not shown). Has been. Further, the ultraviolet laser light source 91 and the light modulation element array 95 are each connected to a controller (not shown) that controls them via a driver (not shown).
[0054]
As the ultraviolet laser light source 91, for example, a gallium nitride based semiconductor laser is used. When a gallium nitride semiconductor laser having a light emitting region in a broad area is used, light in the ultraviolet region with a wavelength of about 405 nm can be obtained with high output, which is advantageous for high-speed scanning.
[0055]
Examples of the photosensitive material include a liquid crystal color filter forming photosensitive material, a printed wiring board manufacturing photoresist, a printing photosensitive cylinder, a cylinder coated with a printing photosensitive material, and a printing plate. These photosensitive materials can be held on a vertical flat plate stage. By holding the photosensitive material on a vertical flat plate stage, the deflection of the photosensitive material can be minimized, so that highly accurate exposure can be achieved.
[0056]
In the light modulation element array 95, a plurality of the light modulation elements 21 are arranged side by side in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film 27 on the same plane. In this embodiment, the juxtaposed direction is the vertical direction (X direction) in FIG. Accordingly, when the exposure object 63 and the exposure head 71 are relatively moved in a direction (Y direction) perpendicular to the parallel arrangement direction, one line is exposed with the same number of pixels as the parallel arrangement of the light modulation elements 21. The object 63 can be exposed, and even in this case, the characteristics of the light modulation element 21 enable high-speed exposure and a long life. In addition, the dimension in each site | part in FIG. 12 can be formed with f = 2mm (1000ch) and g = 20 micrometers, for example.
[0057]
Next, the operation of the exposure apparatus of the present embodiment will be described. In order to irradiate the exposure target 63 with the ultraviolet laser light 69 for exposure, the image data 67 is input to a controller (not shown) of the light modulation element array 95 and temporarily stored in a frame memory in the controller. The image data 67 is data representing the density of each pixel constituting the image by binary values (that is, whether or not dots are recorded).
[0058]
Laser light emitted from the ultraviolet laser light source 91 of the exposure head 71 is converted into parallel light in the X-axis direction by the lens 93 and converged in a direction orthogonal to the XY plane and is incident on the light modulation element array 95. The incident laser light is simultaneously modulated by the light modulation element array 95. The modulated laser beam is imaged on the surface of the exposure object 63 by the zoom lens 97.
[0059]
At the start of exposure, the exposure head 71 is moved to the exposure start position (the origins in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction). When the motor controller 81 rotates the drive motor 89 at a constant speed, the lead screw 87 also rotates at a constant speed, and the exposure head 71 is moved at a constant speed in the Y-axis direction as the lead screw 87 rotates.
[0060]
As the exposure head 71 moves in the Y-axis direction, the image data 67 stored in the frame memory is sequentially read out in units of pixels of approximately the same number as the number of light modulation elements 21 in the light modulation element array 95 for one line. Then, each of the light modulation elements 21 is on / off controlled in accordance with the read image data 67. Thereby, the ultraviolet laser light 69 emitted from the exposure head 71 is turned on / off, and the exposure object 63 is exposed in the X-axis direction in approximately the same number of pixels as the number of the light modulation elements 21, and the Y-axis. One line is scanned and exposed in the direction.
[0061]
When the exposure head 71 reaches the end of the exposure target 63, the exposure head 71 returns to the origin in the Y-axis direction. When the motor controller 81 rotates the drive motor 79 at a constant speed, the lead screw 77 also rotates at a constant speed, and the flat stage 65 is moved one step in the X-axis direction as the lead screw 77 rotates. The above main scanning and sub-scanning are repeated, and the exposure target 63 is exposed like an image. In the above description, the exposure head 71 is returned to the origin and the exposure is performed only in the forward path. However, the exposure may be performed in the backward path. This further shortens the exposure time.
[0062]
According to this exposure apparatus 61, the light modulation element array 95 is moved relative to the photosensitive material by the moving means in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the light modulation elements are arranged in the light modulation element array 95, thereby being sensitive to the ultraviolet region. The photosensitive material having the above can be directly scanned and exposed on the basis of digital data. In this case as well, high-speed exposure is possible and a long life can be realized.
[0063]
In addition, since a high-power ultraviolet laser light source is used, an exposure object having sensitivity in the ultraviolet region can be directly scanned and exposed based on digital data. Thereby, compared with the proximity type exposure apparatus, (1) a mask is not required and the cost can be reduced. This improves productivity, and is also suitable for the production of a small variety of products. (2) Since direct scanning exposure is performed based on digital data, the data can be appropriately corrected, and a highly accurate holding mechanism and alignment mechanism. In addition, the temperature stabilization mechanism is unnecessary, and the cost of the apparatus can be reduced. (3) The ultraviolet laser light source is cheaper and more durable than the ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, and the running cost can be reduced. (4) The ultraviolet laser light source has the advantage that the driving voltage is low and the power consumption can be reduced.
[0064]
Further, since the light modulation element 21 having the thin film side non-electrode part 41 and the substrate side non-electrode part 43 is used, a configuration using a conventional optical element (PLZT element) for modulating transmitted light or a liquid crystal light shutter (FLC) is used. As compared with the above, the absorbability of incident light can be remarkably reduced, and the durability against ultraviolet laser light can be enhanced. As a result, even when exposure is performed using a high-power ultraviolet laser as a light source, the reliability of the exposure apparatus can be greatly improved. Further, since the light modulation element array 95 is driven by an electromechanical operation using electrostatic force, the operation speed can be obtained up to about several tens [nsec] with a low driving voltage (several V to several tens V). In addition to the effect of improving the durability, high-speed exposure is also possible.
[0065]
In this embodiment, an example in which the high-power laser light source is an ultraviolet laser light source composed of a GaN-based semiconductor laser and a multiplexing optical system has been described. However, the high-power laser light source is represented by the following (1) to (1) to (4) You may comprise either. (1) Gallium nitride semiconductor laser. Preferably, a gallium nitride based semiconductor laser having a light emitting region in a broad area. (2) A semiconductor laser-excited solid-state laser that emits a laser beam obtained by exciting a solid-state laser crystal with a semiconductor laser by converting the wavelength with an optical wavelength conversion element. (3) A fiber laser that emits a laser beam obtained by exciting a fiber with a semiconductor laser after wavelength conversion by an optical wavelength conversion element. (4) A high-power laser light source comprising the laser light source or lamp light source according to any one of (1) to (3) above and a multiplexing optical system. In the present embodiment, the light source is ultraviolet light, but may be any wavelength of infrared, visible, and ultraviolet.
[0066]
In the above embodiment, the configuration in which the modulated light that has passed through the light modulation element array 95 is focused by the zoom lens 97 and irradiated onto the exposure target 63 has been described. As shown in FIG. 13, a condensing lens 113 such as a rod lens is disposed between the light modulation element array 95 and the photosensitive drum 111, and the modulated light from the light modulation element array 95 is collected by the condensing lens 113. You may make it light and expose to an exposure target object.
[0067]
According to such a configuration, the modulated light from the light modulation element array 95 is condensed by the condensing lens 113 and directly exposed to the photosensitive material. Therefore, there is an advantage that an optical system close to substantially contact exposure can be configured. Although an example in which a photosensitive drum that is an outer drum is used as the moving unit has been described here, the present invention is not limited thereto, and other moving units such as an inner drum and a flat bed may be used.
[0068]
【The invention's effect】
  As described above in detail, according to the light modulation element of the present invention,With single-layer interference filmWith a movable thin filmMulti-layer interference filmOn the opposite side of the first flat substrate,Multi-layerSince the second planar substrate that includes the interference film and transmits light is disposed opposite to and parallel to each other with a gap therebetween, it is possible to widen the wavelength margin that is conventionally narrow when the movable thin film and the first planar substrate are transmitted. Thus, the film thickness accuracy, the optical system incorporation accuracy, the wavelength accuracy of incident light, and the like can be relaxed, and as a result, the manufacturing cost of the light modulation element can be kept low. According to the light modulation element array according to the present invention, a plurality of light modulation elements are juxtaposed in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film on the same plane. One line can be optically modulated simultaneously with the same number of pixels. Further, according to the exposure apparatus of the present invention, the light modulation element array, the high-power laser light source that emits the light beam, and the moving means that relatively moves the light emitted from the light modulation element array with respect to the photosensitive material. Since it is provided, the photosensitive material can be directly scanned and exposed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a light modulation element according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the light modulation element shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a layer configuration of an interference film.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of a light modulation element.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing light transmittance characteristics with respect to a light modulation device including a total of seven interference films shown in FIG. 1;
6 is a graph showing the result of changing the convergence calculation when determining the combination of film thicknesses from the standard 2 times to the 1 time in the calculation of the transmittance characteristics shown in FIG. 5; FIG.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing light transmittance characteristics when the configuration of the interference film of the light modulation element is the nine-layer configuration shown in FIG.
8 is a graph showing light transmittance characteristics when the configuration of the interference film of the light modulation element is the 15-layer configuration shown in FIG. 3D.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the wavelength characteristics when the light modulation element is composed of a total of seven interference films.
FIG. 10 is a plan view of a light modulation element in which narrow portions narrower than the width of the central portion are formed in the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an outline of a main configuration of an exposure apparatus according to the present invention.
12 is an enlarged perspective view of the light modulation element array shown in FIG. 11. FIG.
FIG. 13 is an enlarged perspective view of another exposure unit configured using the light modulation element shown in FIG. 11;
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the configuration and operation of a conventional light modulation element.
FIG. 15 is a graph showing spectral characteristics of a low-pressure mercury lamp for black light.
FIG. 16 is a graph showing light transmittance of the light modulation element;
[Explanation of symbols]
21: Light modulation element
22, 45 ... Interference film
23. First flat substrate
25, 26 ... gap
27. Movable thin film
31, 37 ... Planar electrode
41. Movable thin film side non-electrode part
43 ... Non-electrode part on substrate side
47. Second plane substrate
95. Light modulation element array
61. Exposure apparatus
63 ... Exposure object (photosensitive material)
90 ... Moving means
91 ... Ultraviolet laser light source (high power laser light source)
113 ... Condensing lens

Claims (5)

それぞれが干渉膜を備え変調する光に対して透明な第一平面基板と可動薄膜とを空隙を隔てて平行に対向配置し、前記第一平面基板及び前記可動薄膜のそれぞれに設けた平面電極への電圧印加により発生する静電気力によって、前記可動薄膜を前記第一平面基板に対して変位させ、前記可動薄膜を透過又は反射する光量を変化させる光変調素子であって、
前記可動薄膜を挟んで前記第一平面基板の反対側に、干渉膜を備え変調する光に対して透明な第二平面基板を、空隙を隔てて平行に対向配置し、
前記可撓薄膜の干渉膜を単層の干渉膜とし、前記第一平面基板および前記第二平面基板の干渉膜をそれぞれ多層の干渉膜としたことを特徴とする光変調素子。
A first planar substrate transparent to the light to be modulated, each having an interference film, and a movable thin film are arranged in parallel with a gap therebetween, to the planar electrodes provided on the first planar substrate and the movable thin film, respectively. A light modulating element that displaces the movable thin film with respect to the first planar substrate by an electrostatic force generated by applying a voltage of the first, and changes an amount of light transmitted or reflected by the movable thin film,
On the opposite side of the first flat substrate across the movable thin film, a second flat substrate transparent to the light to be modulated provided with an interference film is disposed opposite to and parallel to the gap ,
An optical modulation element characterized in that the interference film of the flexible thin film is a single-layer interference film, and the interference films of the first planar substrate and the second planar substrate are multilayer interference films, respectively .
前記可動薄膜が、前記平面電極の形成されない可動薄膜側非電極部を有し、
前記第一平面基板が、前記可動薄膜側非電極部と対面する位置に前記平面電極の形成されない基板側非電極部を有していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の光変調素子。
The movable thin film has a movable thin film side non-electrode portion where the planar electrode is not formed,
2. The light modulation element according to claim 1, wherein the first planar substrate has a substrate-side non-electrode portion where the planar electrode is not formed at a position facing the movable thin film-side non-electrode portion.
前記可動薄膜を矩形状に形成し且つ前記可動薄膜の長手方向両端を支持した請求項1又は請求項2記載の光変調素子を、同一平面上で、前記可動薄膜の長手方向に直交する方向に複数近接させて並設したことを特徴とする光変調素子アレイ。  The light modulation element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the movable thin film is formed in a rectangular shape and both ends in the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film are supported in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the movable thin film on the same plane. A light modulation element array, wherein a plurality of light modulation element arrays are arranged in parallel. 請求項3記載の光変調素子アレイと、
前記光変調素子アレイに光ビームを照射するレーザ光源と、
前記光ビームに感光する感光材料に対して、前記光変調素子アレイからの出射光を主走査方向及びこれと直交する副走査方向に相対移動させる移動手段とを備えたことを特徴とする露光装置。
The light modulation element array according to claim 3,
A laser light source for irradiating the light modulation element array with a light beam;
An exposure apparatus comprising: a moving unit that relatively moves the light emitted from the light modulation element array in a main scanning direction and a sub-scanning direction perpendicular thereto with respect to the photosensitive material sensitive to the light beam. .
請求項3記載の光変調素子アレイと、
前記光変調素子アレイに光ビームを照射する高出力レーザ光源と、
前記光変調素子アレイからの出射光を集光する集光レンズと、
前記光ビームに感光する感光材料に対して、前記集光レンズにより集光された出射光を主走査方向及びこれと直交する副走査方向に相対移動させる移動手段とを備えたことを特徴とする露光装置。
The light modulation element array according to claim 3,
A high-power laser light source for irradiating the light modulation element array with a light beam;
A condensing lens that condenses the light emitted from the light modulation element array;
A moving means for moving the emitted light condensed by the condenser lens relative to the photosensitive material sensitive to the light beam in a main scanning direction and a sub-scanning direction perpendicular thereto is provided. Exposure device.
JP2001396578A 2001-12-27 2001-12-27 Light modulation element, light modulation element array, and exposure apparatus using the same Expired - Fee Related JP3893421B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001396578A JP3893421B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2001-12-27 Light modulation element, light modulation element array, and exposure apparatus using the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001396578A JP3893421B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2001-12-27 Light modulation element, light modulation element array, and exposure apparatus using the same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2003195201A JP2003195201A (en) 2003-07-09
JP3893421B2 true JP3893421B2 (en) 2007-03-14

Family

ID=27602626

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2001396578A Expired - Fee Related JP3893421B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2001-12-27 Light modulation element, light modulation element array, and exposure apparatus using the same

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3893421B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (76)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7123216B1 (en) 1994-05-05 2006-10-17 Idc, Llc Photonic MEMS and structures
US7532377B2 (en) 1998-04-08 2009-05-12 Idc, Llc Movable micro-electromechanical device
US8928967B2 (en) 1998-04-08 2015-01-06 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Method and device for modulating light
KR100703140B1 (en) 1998-04-08 2007-04-05 이리다임 디스플레이 코포레이션 Interference modulator and its manufacturing method
WO2003007049A1 (en) 1999-10-05 2003-01-23 Iridigm Display Corporation Photonic mems and structures
US6574033B1 (en) 2002-02-27 2003-06-03 Iridigm Display Corporation Microelectromechanical systems device and method for fabricating same
US7781850B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2010-08-24 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Controlling electromechanical behavior of structures within a microelectromechanical systems device
TWI289708B (en) 2002-12-25 2007-11-11 Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc Optical interference type color display
TW200413810A (en) 2003-01-29 2004-08-01 Prime View Int Co Ltd Light interference display panel and its manufacturing method
US7342705B2 (en) 2004-02-03 2008-03-11 Idc, Llc Spatial light modulator with integrated optical compensation structure
US7706050B2 (en) 2004-03-05 2010-04-27 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Integrated modulator illumination
US7476327B2 (en) 2004-05-04 2009-01-13 Idc, Llc Method of manufacture for microelectromechanical devices
EP1855142A3 (en) 2004-07-29 2008-07-30 Idc, Llc System and method for micro-electromechanical operating of an interferometric modulator
US7944599B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2011-05-17 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Electromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function
US7327510B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2008-02-05 Idc, Llc Process for modifying offset voltage characteristics of an interferometric modulator
US7355780B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2008-04-08 Idc, Llc System and method of illuminating interferometric modulators using backlighting
US7612932B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2009-11-03 Idc, Llc Microelectromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function
US8004504B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2011-08-23 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Reduced capacitance display element
US7684104B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2010-03-23 Idc, Llc MEMS using filler material and method
US7936497B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2011-05-03 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. MEMS device having deformable membrane characterized by mechanical persistence
US7630119B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2009-12-08 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for reducing slippage between structures in an interferometric modulator
US7719500B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2010-05-18 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Reflective display pixels arranged in non-rectangular arrays
US7420725B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2008-09-02 Idc, Llc Device having a conductive light absorbing mask and method for fabricating same
US7289259B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2007-10-30 Idc, Llc Conductive bus structure for interferometric modulator array
US7304784B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2007-12-04 Idc, Llc Reflective display device having viewable display on both sides
US7554714B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2009-06-30 Idc, Llc Device and method for manipulation of thermal response in a modulator
US7321456B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2008-01-22 Idc, Llc Method and device for corner interferometric modulation
US7373026B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2008-05-13 Idc, Llc MEMS device fabricated on a pre-patterned substrate
CN100547453C (en) * 2004-09-27 2009-10-07 Idc公司 Reflective display device with viewable displays on both sides
US7561323B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2009-07-14 Idc, Llc Optical films for directing light towards active areas of displays
US7750886B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2010-07-06 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Methods and devices for lighting displays
US7372613B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2008-05-13 Idc, Llc Method and device for multistate interferometric light modulation
US7369296B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2008-05-06 Idc, Llc Device and method for modifying actuation voltage thresholds of a deformable membrane in an interferometric modulator
US8008736B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2011-08-30 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Analog interferometric modulator device
US7893919B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2011-02-22 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Display region architectures
US7898521B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2011-03-01 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Device and method for wavelength filtering
US7564612B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2009-07-21 Idc, Llc Photonic MEMS and structures
US7527995B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2009-05-05 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Method of making prestructure for MEMS systems
US7302157B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2007-11-27 Idc, Llc System and method for multi-level brightness in interferometric modulation
JP4695916B2 (en) * 2005-04-28 2011-06-08 キヤノン株式会社 Optical modulator and spatial light modulator provided with the optical modulator
EP2495212A3 (en) 2005-07-22 2012-10-31 QUALCOMM MEMS Technologies, Inc. Mems devices having support structures and methods of fabricating the same
WO2007041302A2 (en) 2005-09-30 2007-04-12 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Mems device and interconnects for same
US7630114B2 (en) 2005-10-28 2009-12-08 Idc, Llc Diffusion barrier layer for MEMS devices
US7916980B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2011-03-29 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Interconnect structure for MEMS device
US7652814B2 (en) 2006-01-27 2010-01-26 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. MEMS device with integrated optical element
US7603001B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2009-10-13 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing back-lighting in an interferometric modulator display device
US7550810B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2009-06-23 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. MEMS device having a layer movable at asymmetric rates
US7643203B2 (en) 2006-04-10 2010-01-05 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Interferometric optical display system with broadband characteristics
US7417784B2 (en) 2006-04-19 2008-08-26 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Microelectromechanical device and method utilizing a porous surface
US7369292B2 (en) 2006-05-03 2008-05-06 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Electrode and interconnect materials for MEMS devices
US7649671B2 (en) 2006-06-01 2010-01-19 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Analog interferometric modulator device with electrostatic actuation and release
US7471442B2 (en) 2006-06-15 2008-12-30 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for low range bit depth enhancements for MEMS display architectures
US7835061B2 (en) 2006-06-28 2010-11-16 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Support structures for free-standing electromechanical devices
US7385744B2 (en) 2006-06-28 2008-06-10 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Support structure for free-standing MEMS device and methods for forming the same
US7527998B2 (en) 2006-06-30 2009-05-05 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Method of manufacturing MEMS devices providing air gap control
US7566664B2 (en) 2006-08-02 2009-07-28 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Selective etching of MEMS using gaseous halides and reactive co-etchants
CN101600901A (en) 2006-10-06 2009-12-09 高通Mems科技公司 Optical loss structure integrated in illumination device of display
US8872085B2 (en) 2006-10-06 2014-10-28 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Display device having front illuminator with turning features
US7545552B2 (en) 2006-10-19 2009-06-09 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Sacrificial spacer process and resultant structure for MEMS support structure
JP4561728B2 (en) * 2006-11-02 2010-10-13 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Optical device, optical device manufacturing method, tunable filter, tunable filter module, and optical spectrum analyzer
US7733552B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2010-06-08 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc MEMS cavity-coating layers and methods
US7719752B2 (en) 2007-05-11 2010-05-18 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. MEMS structures, methods of fabricating MEMS components on separate substrates and assembly of same
JP4633088B2 (en) * 2007-06-04 2011-02-16 シャープ株式会社 Interferometric modulator and display device
US7630121B2 (en) 2007-07-02 2009-12-08 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Electromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function
US7570415B2 (en) 2007-08-07 2009-08-04 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. MEMS device and interconnects for same
US7949213B2 (en) 2007-12-07 2011-05-24 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Light illumination of displays with front light guide and coupling elements
US8068710B2 (en) 2007-12-07 2011-11-29 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Decoupled holographic film and diffuser
RU2503068C2 (en) * 2008-02-11 2013-12-27 Квалкомм Мемс Текнолоджис, Инк. Measurement of electric control parameters of display based on microelectromechanical systems and device for electric measurement of such parameters
US7944604B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2011-05-17 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Interferometric modulator in transmission mode
WO2009129264A1 (en) 2008-04-15 2009-10-22 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Light with bi-directional propagation
US8172417B2 (en) 2009-03-06 2012-05-08 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Shaped frontlight reflector for use with display
KR101614903B1 (en) 2009-02-25 2016-04-25 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 Interference light modulator and display imploying the same
US20100302218A1 (en) 2009-05-29 2010-12-02 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Illumination devices and methods of fabrication thereof
WO2011074319A1 (en) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-23 株式会社ニコン Deformable mirror, illumination optical system, exposure device, and method for producing device
US8963159B2 (en) 2011-04-04 2015-02-24 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Pixel via and methods of forming the same
US9134527B2 (en) 2011-04-04 2015-09-15 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Pixel via and methods of forming the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2003195201A (en) 2003-07-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP3893421B2 (en) Light modulation element, light modulation element array, and exposure apparatus using the same
JP2003177336A (en) Optical modulating element, optical modulating element array, and exposure device using the same
US7098993B2 (en) Exposure device for exposing a photosensitive material in accordance with image data
US6930816B2 (en) Spatial light modulator, spatial light modulator array, image forming device and flat panel display
US6953268B2 (en) Light modulating device and exposure apparatus using the same
EP1367424A2 (en) Optical modulator including microlenses for input and output beam
JPH11254752A (en) Exposing element
US20060066820A1 (en) Reflection-type light modulation array device and image forming apparatus
US7564610B2 (en) Light control device and light control system using same
US6917352B2 (en) Optical switching element, and switching device and image display apparatus each using the optical switching element
JP2006189790A (en) Diffraction light modulator having open hole as base
JP4243201B2 (en) Light modulation element, light modulation element array, image forming apparatus and flat display apparatus
KR20060061944A (en) Color display device that separates diffracted light and illumination light
US5140653A (en) Optical head for a laser printer
JP3101245B2 (en) Light head
JP2004317653A (en) Light modulation element
JP3687104B2 (en) Optical device
KR100201829B1 (en) Optical projection system
JP2007024947A (en) Light modulation element array
JPS62288816A (en) Optical deflector element
KR19980034584A (en) Optical projection system
JP2001056506A (en) Photo printing apparatus and photo processing apparatus provided with the same
JPH06151055A (en) End surface light emitting element and image forming light source element formed by using end surface light emitting element
JPH11174392A (en) Light modulation element
JPH08192531A (en) How to use optical head for laser printer

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20040702

RD04 Notification of resignation of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424

Effective date: 20060424

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20060707

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20060712

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20060911

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20061011

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20061024

A711 Notification of change in applicant

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A712

Effective date: 20061201

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees