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JP3874178B2 - Method for producing dried maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity and use thereof - Google Patents

Method for producing dried maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3874178B2
JP3874178B2 JP2002052954A JP2002052954A JP3874178B2 JP 3874178 B2 JP3874178 B2 JP 3874178B2 JP 2002052954 A JP2002052954 A JP 2002052954A JP 2002052954 A JP2002052954 A JP 2002052954A JP 3874178 B2 JP3874178 B2 JP 3874178B2
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Prior art keywords
maitake
dried
enzyme activity
proteolytic enzyme
dry
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JP2003250481A (en
Inventor
明良 加賀屋
俊三 井上
砂織 高橋
慶太郎 高橋
君蔵 佐藤
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Akita Prefecture
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Akita Prefecture
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、蛋白質分解酵素活性が低減された乾燥マイタケの製造法並びにその用途に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
マイタケはサルノコシカケ科に属する茸の1種であり、近年人工栽培法の確立により年間を通じて広く食材として利用されている。また、マイタケに含有される生理活性物質に注目して、健康食品としての利用も盛んである。
食材としてのマイタケは、通常の料理法、即ち煮る,炊く,炒める及び蒸す等の方法で料理され、単独あるいは他の食材と混ぜて食される。また、錠剤,茶,水抽出エキスあるいはドリンク剤等の健康食品としての利用もされている。
しかしながら、マイタケは強力な蛋白質分解酵素を含有するため、蛋白質を含有し、かつその高分子構造が関与するレオロジー的性質を利用している食品への利用には障害がある。例えば、小麦の植物性蛋白質を利用しているパン,ケーキ及び麺類や、大豆の植物性蛋白質を利用している納豆及び豆腐では、生マイタケあるいは乾燥マイタケを素材として混ぜると、蛋白質が急速に分解し、低分子化されるため、生地の粘性,粘弾性あるいは破断特性が著しく変わり、例えばパン生地の場合は成形が、麺類の場合は製麺が、著しく困難になる。
【0003】
また、乳蛋白質,卵蛋白質及びその他の動物性蛋白質を利用しているチーズ,ヨーグルト,かまぼこ,ちくわ,ハンバーグ,ソーセージ及び茶碗蒸しでも、蛋白質分解酵素活性の高いマイタケの混合により各蛋白質が分解されるため、生地の硬さ,凝集性(もろさ,そしゃく性),粘性,弾力性あるいは付着性等の機械的特性が変化し、例えばプレーンヨーグルトの場合は流動化し、かまぼこの場合は歯応えが悪くなり、茶碗蒸しの場合は液状になってしまう。
【0004】
以上の問題を解決するため、例えばマイタケを水の存在下で90℃以上で加熱処理することでマイタケに含有される蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減し、パンや菓子類に利用する方法(特許第2986422号)が提案されているが、同法ではマイタケの水分が比較的多い条件で加熱処理するために組織が変質し、乾燥すると角質化し易くなり、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減したマイタケの乾燥品の製造は困難である。また、この方法ではマイタケを利用するに際し、使用に先立ち、その都度加熱して酵素失活処理を行わなければならず、使用法として簡便であるとは言い難い。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
蛋白質含有食品へのマイタケの利用の障害となる蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減させた乾燥マイタケの製法としては、前記特許第2986422号に示されるように、多量の水分存在下でマイタケの蛋白質分解酵素活性を失活させた後、乾燥する方法が考えられる。
しかし、この方法で調製した乾燥マイタケは角質化し、食感を悪化させる。また、熱水可溶成分や風味が失われる等の問題がある。さらに、マイタケを蛋白質含有食品へ利用するに際し、利用の都度加熱処理により蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減させる必要があり、煩雑である。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケを得る方法について研究した結果、マイタケの水分含量を50%(w/w)未満として、耐熱性の袋あるいは容器に入れて加熱処理し、次いで乾燥することにより、蛋白質分解酵素活性が10分の1以下になり、乾燥しても角質化しないことを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0007】
即ち、請求項1記載の本発明は、乾燥マイタケを製造するにあたり、水分含量を50%(w/w)未満に調整したマイタケを、耐熱性の袋あるいは容器に入れ、マイクロ波、蒸気又は高温の熱水により80℃以上125℃未満の温度で加熱処理し、次いで乾燥することを特徴とする、蛋白質分解酵素活性が10分の1以下に低減され、水分含量が10%(w/w)以下に乾燥されたマイタケの製造法である。
請求項2記載の本発明は、請求項1記載の製造法で得られた乾燥マイタケである。
請求項3記載の本発明は、請求項1記載の製造法で得られた乾燥マイタケを含有する蛋白質含有食品である。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明においてマイタケとは、天然物,露地栽培物あるいは施設栽培物等を意味するが、これらの中では品質が安定し、大量に入手可能な施設栽培物が好ましい。これらのマイタケは、生で、あるいは乾燥して用いても良く、形態もそのまま、あるいは割裂,粗砕,粉砕等の前処理をして用いても差し支えない。
【0009】
請求項1に記載した、蛋白質分解酵素活性が10分の1以下に低減され、水分含量が10%(w/w)以下に乾燥されたマイタケを得るために、本発明では加熱処理前にマイタケの水分調整をするが、これは水分含量を50%(w/w)未満に調整することを意味し、具体的には生マイタケを凍結,減圧あるいは常圧のいずれかの方法で乾燥する。これらの方法のうち、減圧法は、温度30℃以上100℃未満、好ましくは50℃以上70℃未満で乾燥するのが好ましい。
乾燥温度が高すぎると、マイタケ組織の角質化が起こり、またそれに含有されているビタミン類の劣化も起こり、食品素材の調製法としては好ましくない。一方、温度が低すぎると、乾燥に長時間を要し、自己消化や雑菌が繁殖する場合もあるので好ましくない。
常圧法の場合は、温風循環,対流あるいは輻射式で温度40℃以上130℃未満、好ましくは50℃以上70℃未満で2〜16時間乾燥するのが好ましい。なお、減圧法同様、温度が高すぎても、低すぎても食品素材として好ましくないものになる。
【0010】
水分調整したマイタケを加熱処理することにより、マイタケに含まれる強力な耐熱性の酸性及び中性蛋白質分解酵素の活性を10分の1以下、好ましくは100分の1未満に低減することにより、当該マイタケを蛋白質含有食品に混ぜても同酵素による蛋白質の分解は極めて僅かで、レオロジー的特性の良好な食品の製造が可能になる。
酵素活性の低減は、マイタケの品温を80℃以上125℃未満に加熱できれば、如何なる方法も利用できる。例えばマイクロ波,蒸気あるいは高温の熱水で加熱処理する方法が適用できる。マイクロ波の場合は、1分以上10分以内の加熱で十分であり、高温の熱水あるいは蒸気の場合は、マイタケ中のβ―グルカンやビタミン類が流失する恐れがあるので、マイタケが直接熱源に触れない様に耐熱性の袋あるいは容器に入れるべきである。加熱処理条件は、高温の熱水の場合は、80℃以上120℃未満で、蒸気の場合は100℃以上125℃未満で、15分以上2時間以内の加熱で十分である。
【0011】
上記加熱により蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減させたマイタケを温風等の通常の方法で乾燥することにより、角質化が生じないのはもとより、水溶性成分も失われずマイタケが本来有する風味を持った乾燥マイタケが得られる。すなわち、水分含量を50%(w/w)未満に調整した後、耐熱性の袋あるいは容器に入れて加熱処理したマイタケ、水分含量が10%(w/w)以下となるように乾燥する。
蛋白質含有食品への使用に当たっては、乾燥マイタケは、何ら前処理することなくそのまま、あるいは粗砕もしくは粉砕して使用するのが好ましい。
このようにして調製した蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケは水分含量が低いために長期間の保存が可能であるので、インスタント食品や保存食品への利用も可能である。この乾燥マイタケを食品等に添加することにより、その食品にマイタケ本来の風味を付与することができる。
【0012】
以上のようにして調製した蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減したマイタケは、小麦,大豆,米等の植物性蛋白質を素材としているパン,ケーキ,麺類,納豆及び豆腐並びに獣肉,魚肉,卵,牛乳等の動物性蛋白質を素材としているチーズ,ヨーグルト,かまぼこ,ちくわ,ハンバーグ,ソーセージ及び茶碗蒸しなどやその他の蛋白質含有食品、さらには飲料等に添加することにより、これら食品の流動性,粘弾性あるいはテクスチャー等のレオロジー物性をほとんど変えることなく、マイタケの風味と成分を含有する食品の製造を可能にする。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明を実施例により説明するが、本発明はこれらによって制限されるものではない。
試験例1
加熱処理前のマイタケの水分含有量が加熱処理後のマイタケの乾燥状態に与える影響について試験した。始めに、マイタケの水分を50℃の温風循環槽で、表1に示すように、10〜90%(w/w)の水分含量に調整した後、ステンレス製の容器に入れ、オートクレーブにより121℃,15分間加熱処理して、さらに50℃の温風循環槽に入れ16時間乾燥し、水分含量を5%(w/w)まで低減した。
そのときの乾燥マイタケの仕上り具合を表1に示した。表から明らかなように、水分含量が50%(w/w)以上になると、加熱処理時にマイタケからエキスの流出が見られるようになる。また、乾燥により角質化するマイタケが確認された。水分含量が更に増えるにつれて、エキスの流出及び角質化は著しくなった。
しかし、水分含量50%(w/w)未満では、このような現象は見られなかった。このことから、加熱処理時のマイタケからのエキスの流出や乾燥による角質化を防ぎ、良質な乾燥マイタケを得るには、水分含量を50%(w/w)未満にすることが必要であること分かった。
【0014】
【表1】
表1 加熱処理前のマイタケの水分含量の影響

Figure 0003874178
*未処理の生マイタケ
【0015】
試験例2
加熱処理後のマイタケの水分含有量がマイタケの保存性に与える影響について試験した。始めに、マイタケを50℃の温風循環槽に入れて8時間乾燥し、水分含量を30%(w/w)まで低減した。
次に、これをステンレス製の容器に入れ、オートクレーブにより121℃,15分間加熱処理し、マイタケの水分を50℃の温風循環槽で表2に示すように、2〜50%(w/w)の水分含量に調整した。
このようにして得た乾燥マイタケを20℃で30日間放置後に、当該マイタケの保存状態を観察した。その結果を表2に示した。
【0016】
【表2】
表2 加熱処理後のマイタケの水分含量の影響
Figure 0003874178
【0017】
実施例1
生マイタケ1kgを小片に裂いた後、50℃の温風循環槽に入れて6時間乾燥し、水分含量を45%(w/w)まで低減した。次いで、同乾燥品をステンレス製の容器に入れ、オートクレーブにより121℃,15分間加熱処理し、さらに50℃の温風循環槽に入れて16時間乾燥し、水分含量を5%(w/w)まで低減してタンパク質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケを得た。
この乾燥マイタケに角質化は認められず、未処理の乾燥マイタケと遜色無い仕上がりであった。乾燥マイタケを室温まで冷却した後に、小型ブレンダーで粉砕し、20mMのリン酸緩衝液(pH6.5)で抽出し、蛋白質分解酵素活性をカゼイン−フォーリン法で測定した。その結果、表3に示したように、中性及び酸性蛋白質分解酵素活性がいずれも加熱処理前の10%未満となった。
【0018】
【表3】
表3 水分調整したマイタケのオートクレーブ処理結果
Figure 0003874178
*1分間に1μgのチロシンを遊離させる酵素活性を1Unitとし、試料絶乾1g当たりの値を酵素活性値とした。
【0019】
実施例2
生マイタケ1kgを小片に裂いた後、50℃の温風循環槽に入れて8時間乾燥し、水分含量を30%(w/w)まで低減した。次いで、同乾燥品をポリプロピレン製の袋に入れ、出力500Wのマイクロ波を2分間照射した後、50℃の温風循環槽に入れ16時間乾燥し、水分含量を5%(w/w)まで低減してタンパク質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケを得た。
この乾燥マイタケに角質化は認められず、未処理の乾燥マイタケと遜色無い仕上がりであった。以下、実施例1と同様にして酸性及び中性蛋白質分解酵素活性を測定した結果、表4に示したように、いずれの蛋白質分解酵素活性も10%未満であった。
【0020】
【表4】
表4 水分調整したマイタケのマイクロ波処理結果
Figure 0003874178
*1分間に1μgのチロシンを遊離させる酵素活性を1Unitとし、試料絶乾1g当たりの値を酵素活性値とした。
【0021】
実施例3
生マイタケ1kgを小片に裂いた後、50℃の温風循環槽に入れて12時間乾燥し、水分含量を30%(w/w)まで低減した。次いで、同乾燥品をポリプロピレン製の袋に入れ、100℃で1時間煮沸した後、50℃の温風循環槽に入れ12時間乾燥し、水分含量を10%(w/w)まで低減してタンパク質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケを得た。
この乾燥マイタケに角質化は認められず、未処理の乾燥マイタケと遜色無い仕上がりであった。以下、実施例1と同様にして酸性及び中性蛋白質分解酵素活性を測定した結果、表5に示したように、いずれの蛋白質分解酵素活性も10%未満であった。
【0022】
【表5】
表5 水分調整したマイタケの熱水処理結果
Figure 0003874178
*1分間に1μgのチロシンを遊離させる酵素活性を1Unitとし、試料絶乾1g当たりの値を酵素活性値とした。
【0023】
比較例1
生マイタケ1kg(水分含量90%(w/w))を小片に裂いた後、ポリプロピレン製の袋に入れ、100℃で15分間煮沸した後、50℃の温風循環槽に入れ16時間乾燥し、水分含量を5%(w/w)まで低減した。以下、実施例1と同様にして酸性及び中性蛋白質分解酵素活性を測定した。その結果、表6に示したように、いずれの蛋白質分解酵素活性も10%未満であった。
このマイタケは乾燥すると角質化し、風味が損なわれた。よって、この例のようなマイタケの水分含量が多い条件下での加熱処理では、蛋白質分解酵素活性が低減され、かつ角質化のない品質的に優れた乾燥マイタケを調製することは不可能である。
【0024】
【表6】
表6 生マイタケの熱水加熱処理結果
Figure 0003874178
*1分間に1μgのチロシンを遊離させる酵素活性を1Unitとし、試料1g当たりの値を酵素活性値とした。
【0025】
実施例4
実施例1と同様に処理して得た蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケ又は蛋白質分解酵素活性を有する未処理の乾燥マイタケを配合したパンを以下に示す方法で調製し、両者を比較した。なお、比較のために、比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケを配合したパン及びマイタケを配合しないパンも調製し、比較した。乾燥マイタケは、ミキサーで40メッシュ以下に粉砕したものを使用した。
【0026】
表7に示す原料配合で、酵母,ショ糖及び食塩を予め使用する水の一部に溶解し、ミキサーボールの中の小麦粉,ビタミンC及び乾燥マイタケに加え、さらに残りの水を加えた。
製パン用ミキサーで低速2分間、中速2分間、高速1分間ミキシングを行い、ショートニングを添加してさらに低速2分間、中速2分間、高速2分間ミキシングを行い、パン生地を得た。なお、生地の捏ね上げ温度は28℃とした。捏ね上げ後、パン生地を適当な容器に移して30℃で50分間1次発酵を行い、ガス抜き後、さらに30℃で30分間2次発酵を行った。
発酵終了後、パン生地を450gに分割し、丸めを行ってから30℃で15分間ねかせた。その後、パン生地をシーターで平たく伸ばし、モルダー仕上げを行いワンローフ型に成形してから、合わせ目を下にしてパンケース内に入れ、38℃、RH85%のホイロ内でパン生地が型上1.5cmになるまでホイロ発酵を行った。ホイロ発酵終了後、200℃のオーブンで25分間焼成した。
【0027】
【表7】
表7 製パン生地の原料配合組成
Figure 0003874178
【0028】
各々のパンについて品質を比較したところ、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケ(処理マイタケ)を配合した場合は、マイタケを配合しない(マイタケ未配合)場合と同等な仕上がりで、マイタケの風味と味に深みを有するパンであった。
これに対して、未処理の乾燥マイタケ(未処理マイタケ)を配合した場合は、ミキシング時に生地が軟化して成形不能になり、以後の操作ができなかった。一方、比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケ(比較例1マイタケ)を配合した場合は、食感としては角質化に由来するボソボソ感があり、マイタケ由来の風味も認められなかった。
【0029】
実施例5
蛋白質分解酵素活性の低減の効果を調べるために、実施例4と同様にして調製したミキシング直後のパン生地を20mM リン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)に懸濁し、2%メルカプトエタノールを含有した2%SDS,20%ショ糖,2mM EDTA,0.05%BPB及び10mM Tris(pH6.8)溶液を加えて攪拌し、105℃で10分間加熱処理して蛋白質を抽出した。この蛋白質をポリアクリルアミドゲルにチャージし20mAで泳動した。得られた結果を図1に示す。
図から明らかなように、蛋白質分解酵素活性を有する未処理のマイタケを配合したパン生地の場合、蛋白質分解酵素の作用のために高分子側が著しく減少しているのに対し、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減したマイタケを配合したパン生地の場合は、マイタケ未配合のものと同様に高分子蛋白質が残っており、蛋白質分解酵素活性が低減されていることが確認された。
【0030】
実施例6
実施例2と同様にして処理した蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケ又は蛋白質分解酵素活性を有する未処理の乾燥マイタケを配合したうどんを以下に示した方法で調製し、両者を比較した。なお、比較のために、比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケを配合したうどん及びマイタケを配合しないうどんも調製した。なお、ここで用いた乾燥マイタケは、ミキサーで40メッシュ以下に粉砕したものである。
【0031】
表8に示す原料配合で、原料を捏ね、団子状にしてから手で紐状に伸ばし、室温で8時間熟成後、棒に掛け延ばし、室温で12時間熟成させながらさらに延ばした。その後、自然乾燥してから切断し、うどんを得た。このうどんを大量の沸騰水中で3分間茹で、氷冷して試食した。
【0032】
【表8】
表8 うどんの原料配合組成
Figure 0003874178
【0033】
各々のうどんについて品質を比較したところ、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケ(処理マイタケ)を配合した場合、マイタケを配合しない(マイタケ未配合)場合と同等のなめらかな食感で腰があり、かつ味に深みのある麺であった。
これに対して、未処理の乾燥マイタケ(未処理マイタケ)を配合した場合は、8時間の熟成中に原料が軟化して成形不能になり、以後の操作ができなかった。一方、比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケ(比較例1マイタケ)を配合した場合は、食感としては角質化に由来するざらつき感があり、マイタケ由来の風味も認められなかった。ただし、酵素作用による障害はなかった。なお、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケを配合したうどんの茹で時間を10分間延長しても、蛋白質分解酵素による麺の崩壊は観察されなかった。
【0034】
実施例7
実施例3と同様に処理して得た蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケ又は蛋白質分解酵素活性を有する未処理の乾燥マイタケを配合した豆腐を以下に示す方法で調製し、両者を比較した。なお、比較のために、比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケを配合した豆腐及びマイタケを配合しない豆腐も調製し、比較した。なお、乾燥マイタケは、ミキサーで100メッシュ以下に粉砕して用いた。
【0035】
原料配合は表9に示した通りである。丸大豆を水洗後、3倍量の水に浸漬し、16時間後に水切りしたものに水と乾燥マイタケ粉を加え、ミキサーで4分間磨砕した。磨砕したものは卓上分離器を用いて生豆乳とおからに分離した。生豆乳のブリックスは4.0〜5.3であった。
生豆乳を加熱容器に入れて加熱し、沸騰直前の温度で3分間煮沸した。その後、自然冷却し、品温75℃の時点で、少量の水に分散した天然にがりを加え、ゆっくり攪拌後に放冷した。
豆乳が緩やかに凝固してから内側にガーゼを敷いた多孔を有する容器に移し、こぼれないようにガーゼで包んだ。その上に適当な重石を置き1時間放置し、豆腐を得た。
製造過程において、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケを配合した豆腐並びに対照とした比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケを配合した豆腐及びマイタケを配合しない豆腐は、同一の操作性であったが、未処理マイタケを配合した豆腐は、にがり添加後の凝固が短時間で終了した。
【0036】
【表9】
表9 豆腐の原料配合組成
Figure 0003874178
【0037】
試作品の体積は、マイタケを配合しない(マイタケ未配合)場合を100とした場合、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケ(処理マイタケ)を配合した場合は104、比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケ(比較例1マイタケ)を配合した場合は100であった。しかし、未処理マイタケを配合した場合は35と著しく低下した。これは、蛋白質が分解されたことに起因するものである。蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケを配合した場合は、対照としたマイタケを配合しない場合と似たなめらかな食感であり、マイタケの風味を有するものであった。
一方、比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケを配合した場合は、マイタケの風味がなく、舌触りはざらざらとし食感が悪かった。未処理マイタケを配合した場合は硬く、かつボソボソ感のある食感であった。
【0038】
実施例8
実施例3と同様に処理して得た蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケ又は蛋白質分解酵素活性を有する未処理の乾燥マイタケ(小片)を配合した茶碗蒸しを以下に示す方法で調製し、両者を比較した。なお、比較のために、比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケを配合した茶碗蒸し及びマイタケを配合しない茶碗蒸しも調製した。
【0039】
原料配合は表10の通りである。卵を泡立てないように溶いて、だし,薄口醤油,食塩及び化学調味料の混合液に加え、十分に混合して卵液を調製した。予め水に浸漬して戻しておいた乾燥マイタケを蒸し茶碗に入れ、卵液を加えて湯気の立つ蒸し器に入れ、蒸し器の蓋を僅かにずらし、弱火で20分間蒸してマイタケ入りの茶碗蒸しを調製した。
【0040】
【表10】
表10 茶碗蒸しの原料配合組成
Figure 0003874178
【0041】
各々の茶碗蒸しについて品質を比較したところ、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケ(処理マイタケ)を配合した場合、マイタケを配合しない(マイタケ未配合)場合と同等な滑らかな食感であったのに対して、未処理の乾燥マイタケ(未処理マイタケ)を配合した場合は、20分間蒸した後でも茶碗蒸しの凝固が起こらなかった。また、比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケ(比較例1マイタケ)を配合した場合は、凝固は普通であったが、角質化に由来するざらつき感があり、マイタケ特有の風味もなかった。
【0042】
実施例9
生マイタケ1kg(水分含量90%(w/w))を小片に裂いた後、50℃の温風循環槽に入れ12時間乾燥し、水分含量を30%(w/w)まで低減した。次いで、これをポリプロピレン製の袋に入れ、100℃で30分間煮沸した後、50℃の温風循環槽に入れ12時間乾燥し、水分含量を10%(w/w)まで低減して蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケを得た。
この乾燥マイタケに角質化は認められず、未処理の乾燥マイタケと遜色無い仕上がりであった。これを室温まで冷却したのちに、小型ブレンダーで粉砕し、20mMのリン酸緩衝液(pH6.5)で抽出し、蛋白質分解酵素活性をカゼイン−フォーリン法で測定した。その結果、表11に示したように、中性及び酸性蛋白質分解酵素活性がいずれも加熱処理前の10%未満となった。
このマイタケを用いて実施例8と同様の原料配合及び調製方法で茶碗蒸しを調製した。得られた茶碗蒸しについて品質を調べたところ、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケを配合した場合、マイタケを配合しない場合と同等な滑らかな食感であったのに対して、未処理の乾燥マイタケを配合した場合は、20分間蒸した後でも茶碗蒸しの凝固が起こらなかった。また、比較例1と同様にして調製した乾燥マイタケを配合した場合は、凝固は普通であったが、角質化に由来するざらつき感があり、マイタケ特有の風味もなかった。
【0043】
【表11】
表11 水分調整したマイタケのオートクレーブ処理結果
Figure 0003874178
*1分間に1μgのチロシンを遊離させる酵素活性を1Unitとし、試料絶乾1g当たりの値を酵素活性値とした。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、蛋白質分解酵素活性を低減した乾燥マイタケの製造法並びにその用途が提供される。本発明によって得られる乾燥マイタケは、調理時に前処理無しにそのまま使用でき、実用的である上に品質的も優れたものである。
この乾燥マイタケは、蛋白質分解酵素活性が低減されているため、蛋白質を含有する食品へ利用することができ、これらの食品にマイタケに由来する機能を付与できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 実施例5の各パン生地中の小麦蛋白質のSDS−PAGE結果を示す泳動図である。
【符号の説明】
レーン1は、蛋白質分解酵素活性が低減されたマイタケを配合したパン生地を、レーン2は未処理マイタケを配合したパン生地を、レーン3はマイタケ未配合のパン生地を、それぞれ示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing dried maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity and its use .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Maitake is a kind of moth belonging to the family Sarnococcidae, and has recently been widely used as a food material throughout the year due to the establishment of artificial cultivation methods. Moreover, paying attention to the physiologically active substance contained in maitake, it is also actively used as a health food.
Maitake mushrooms as ingredients are cooked by a normal cooking method, that is, boiled, cooked, fried and steamed, and eaten alone or mixed with other ingredients. It is also used as a health food such as tablets, tea, water extract or drink.
However, since maitake contains a strong proteolytic enzyme, there are obstacles in the use of foods that contain rheological properties that contain proteins and that involve their polymer structure. For example, in bread, cakes and noodles that use vegetable protein from wheat, and natto and tofu that use vegetable protein from soybeans, the protein decomposes rapidly when mixed with raw or dried maitake. However, since the molecular weight is lowered, the viscosity, viscoelasticity or breaking characteristics of the dough are remarkably changed. For example, in the case of bread dough, forming becomes difficult, and in the case of noodles, noodle making becomes extremely difficult.
[0003]
In addition, cheese, yogurt, kamaboko, chikuwa, hamburger, sausage, and tea fumigation using milk protein, egg protein, and other animal proteins are also degraded by mixing maitake with high proteolytic enzyme activity. , Mechanical properties such as dough hardness, cohesiveness (brittleness, mastication), viscosity, elasticity or adhesion change, for example, plain yogurt is fluidized, kamaboko is crunchy, and tea In this case, it becomes liquid.
[0004]
In order to solve the above problems, for example, a method of reducing the proteolytic enzyme activity contained in maitake by heating maitake at 90 ° C. or higher in the presence of water and using it for bread or confectionery (Patent No. 29986422) In this method, the structure of the maitake is altered due to heat treatment under relatively high water content of maitake, and it becomes easy to keratinize when dried, and a dried maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity. Manufacturing is difficult. In addition, in this method, when using maitake, it is necessary to perform enzyme deactivation treatment by heating each time before use, and it is difficult to say that it is convenient as a method of use.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As a method for producing dried maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity which hinders the use of maitake in protein-containing foods, as shown in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent No. 2986422, the proteolytic activity of maitake is present in the presence of a large amount of water. A method of drying after deactivating is considered.
However, dried maitake mushrooms prepared by this method keratinize and worsen the texture. In addition, there are problems such as loss of hot water soluble components and flavor. Furthermore, when using maitake for protein-containing foods, it is necessary to reduce the proteolytic enzyme activity by heat treatment each time it is used, which is complicated.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of researches on a method for obtaining dried maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity, the present inventors set the moisture content of maitake to less than 50% (w / w) , put it in a heat- resistant bag or container, and heat-treated it. Then, by drying, the proteolytic enzyme activity was reduced to 1/10 or less, and it was found that it did not keratinize even when dried, and the present invention was completed.
[0007]
That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when manufacturing dried maitake, the maitake adjusted to a moisture content of less than 50% (w / w) is placed in a heat-resistant bag or container, and microwaves, steam, or high temperature is added. Proteolytic enzyme activity is reduced to 1/10 or less, and the water content is 10% (w / w), characterized by heat treatment at a temperature of 80 ° C. to less than 125 ° C. with hot water of The following is a method for producing dried maitake .
The present invention according to claim 2 is a dried maitake obtained by the production method according to claim 1 .
The present invention according to claim 3 is a protein-containing food containing dried maitake obtained by the production method according to claim 1 .
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, maitake means a natural product, an outdoor culture, a facility culture, or the like, and among these, a facility culture that is stable in quality and available in large quantities is preferable. These maitake may be used raw or dried, and the form may be used as it is or after pretreatment such as splitting, coarse crushing, and pulverization.
[0009]
In order to obtain a maitake mushroom having a proteolytic enzyme activity reduced to 1/10 or less and a moisture content of 10% (w / w) or less as described in claim 1, in the present invention, maitake is used before the heat treatment. This means that the water content is adjusted to less than 50% (w / w). Specifically, raw maitake is dried by freezing, depressurization, or normal pressure. Among these methods, the reduced pressure method is preferably dried at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher and lower than 100 ° C., preferably 50 ° C. or higher and lower than 70 ° C.
If the drying temperature is too high, cornification of the maitake tissue occurs and vitamins contained in the tissue also deteriorate, which is not preferable as a method for preparing a food material. On the other hand, if the temperature is too low, it takes a long time to dry, and self-digestion and germs may propagate, which is not preferable.
In the case of the normal pressure method, it is preferable to dry at a temperature of 40 ° C. or more and less than 130 ° C., preferably 50 ° C. or more and less than 70 ° C. for 2 to 16 hours by circulating hot air, convection or radiation. Note that, as in the decompression method, if the temperature is too high or too low, it is not preferable as a food material.
[0010]
By heat-treating the water-adjusted maitake, the activity of strong heat-resistant acidic and neutral proteolytic enzymes contained in the maitake is reduced to 1/10 or less, preferably less than 1/100, Even if maitake is mixed with protein-containing foods, protein degradation by the enzyme is extremely small, and foods with good rheological properties can be produced.
Any method can be used for reducing the enzyme activity as long as the product temperature of maitake can be heated to 80 ° C. or more and less than 125 ° C. For example, a heat treatment method using microwaves, steam, or high-temperature hot water can be applied. In the case of microwave, heating within 1 to 10 minutes is sufficient, and in the case of hot hot water or steam, β-glucan and vitamins in maitake may be washed away. It should be placed in a heat-resistant bag or container so that it does not touch. The heat treatment conditions are 80 ° C. or more and less than 120 ° C. for high-temperature hot water, and 100 ° C. or more and less than 125 ° C. for steam, and heating for 15 minutes or more and 2 hours or less is sufficient.
[0011]
The Grifola with reduced protease activity by the heating, by drying in the usual manner of hot air or the like, the keratinization do not occur as well, with a flavor that has inherently water-soluble components also lost without Maitake Dry maitake is obtained. That is, after adjusting the moisture content to less than 50% (w / w), the maitake mushrooms that have been heat-treated in a heat-resistant bag or container are dried so that the moisture content is 10% (w / w) or less. .
For use in protein-containing foods, it is preferable to use dried maitake as it is without any pretreatment, or after being crushed or pulverized.
Since the dried maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity prepared in this manner has a low water content, it can be stored for a long period of time, and can be used for instant foods and stored foods. By adding this dried maitake to foods and the like, the original flavor of maitake can be imparted to the food.
[0012]
Maitake mushrooms with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity prepared as described above can be used for bread, cakes, noodles, natto and tofu and animal meat, fish meat, eggs, milk, etc. made from vegetable proteins such as wheat, soybeans and rice. Add to protein, cheese, yogurt, kamaboko, chikuwa, hamburger, sausage, and other protein-containing foods, and beverages, etc., to improve the fluidity, viscoelasticity, texture, etc. of these foods. Enables the production of maitake flavors and ingredients with little change in rheological properties.
[0013]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Test example 1
The influence of the moisture content of the maitake before the heat treatment on the dried state of the maitake after the heat treatment was tested. First, the water content of maitake was adjusted to a water content of 10 to 90% (w / w) in a hot air circulating tank at 50 ° C. as shown in Table 1, then placed in a stainless steel container, and 121 by autoclave. After heat treatment at 15 ° C. for 15 minutes, the mixture was further placed in a 50 ° C. hot air circulation tank and dried for 16 hours to reduce the water content to 5% (w / w).
Table 1 shows the finish of the dried maitake. As is apparent from the table, when the water content is 50% (w / w) or more, the extract flows out from maitake during the heat treatment. Moreover, the maitake mushroom which keratinizes by drying was confirmed. As the water content further increased, the efflux and keratinization of the extract became significant.
However, such a phenomenon was not observed when the water content was less than 50% (w / w). From this, it is necessary to reduce the water content to less than 50% (w / w) in order to prevent the outflow of extract from maitake during heat treatment and keratinization due to drying, and to obtain high quality dried maitake I understood.
[0014]
[Table 1]
Table 1 Effect of water content of maitake before heat treatment
Figure 0003874178
* Untreated raw maitake [0015]
Test example 2
It tested about the influence which the water content of the maitake after a heat processing has on the preservability of a maitake. First, the maitake was placed in a hot air circulation tank at 50 ° C. and dried for 8 hours to reduce the water content to 30% (w / w).
Next, this was put into a stainless steel container, and heat-treated at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes by an autoclave. The water content of maitake was 2-50% (w / w) as shown in Table 2 in a 50 ° C. hot air circulation tank. ) Was adjusted to the water content.
The dried maitake thus obtained was allowed to stand at 20 ° C. for 30 days, and then the storage state of the maitake was observed. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0016]
[Table 2]
Table 2 Effect of water content of maitake after heat treatment
Figure 0003874178
[0017]
Example 1
After breaking 1 kg of raw maitake into small pieces, it was placed in a hot air circulation tank at 50 ° C. and dried for 6 hours to reduce the water content to 45% (w / w). Next, the dried product is put into a stainless steel container, heated at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes by an autoclave, further dried in a hot air circulating tank at 50 ° C. for 16 hours, and the water content is 5% (w / w). Dried maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity.
No keratinization was observed in the dried maitake, and the finish was comparable to that of untreated dried maitake. The dried maitake was cooled to room temperature, pulverized with a small blender, extracted with 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.5), and proteolytic enzyme activity was measured by the casein-forin method. As a result, as shown in Table 3, the neutral and acidic proteolytic enzyme activities were both less than 10% before the heat treatment.
[0018]
[Table 3]
Table 3 Results of autoclaving of maitake with adjusted moisture
Figure 0003874178
* The enzyme activity that liberates 1 μg of tyrosine per minute was defined as 1 Unit, and the value per 1 g of sample dryness was defined as the enzyme activity value.
[0019]
Example 2
After breaking 1 kg of raw maitake into small pieces, it was placed in a 50 ° C. hot air circulation tank and dried for 8 hours to reduce the water content to 30% (w / w). Next, the dried product is put in a polypropylene bag, irradiated with microwaves with an output of 500 W for 2 minutes, then placed in a hot air circulation tank at 50 ° C. and dried for 16 hours, and the water content is reduced to 5% (w / w). Dry maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity was obtained.
No keratinization was observed in the dried maitake, and the finish was comparable to that of untreated dried maitake. Hereinafter, the acidic and neutral proteolytic enzyme activities were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As shown in Table 4, all the proteolytic enzyme activities were less than 10%.
[0020]
[Table 4]
Table 4 Results of microwave treatment of maitake with adjusted moisture
Figure 0003874178
* The enzyme activity that liberates 1 μg of tyrosine per minute was defined as 1 Unit, and the value per 1 g of sample dryness was defined as the enzyme activity value.
[0021]
Example 3
After tearing 1 kg of raw maitake into small pieces, it was placed in a 50 ° C. hot air circulation tank and dried for 12 hours to reduce the water content to 30% (w / w). Next, the dried product is put in a polypropylene bag, boiled at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, then placed in a hot air circulation tank at 50 ° C. and dried for 12 hours to reduce the water content to 10% (w / w). Dry maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity was obtained.
No keratinization was observed in the dried maitake, and the finish was comparable to that of untreated dried maitake. Hereinafter, the acidic and neutral proteolytic enzyme activities were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 5, all the proteolytic enzyme activities were less than 10%.
[0022]
[Table 5]
Table 5 Results of hot water treatment of maitake with adjusted moisture
Figure 0003874178
* The enzyme activity that liberates 1 μg of tyrosine per minute was defined as 1 Unit, and the value per 1 g of sample dryness was defined as the enzyme activity value.
[0023]
Comparative Example 1
After breaking 1kg of raw maitake (moisture content 90% (w / w)) into small pieces, put it in a polypropylene bag, boil it at 100 ° C for 15 minutes, then put it in a 50 ° C hot air circulation tank and dry it for 16 hours. The water content was reduced to 5% (w / w). Thereafter, the acidic and neutral proteolytic enzyme activities were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 6, all the proteolytic enzyme activities were less than 10%.
When this maitake was dried, it became keratinized and the flavor was impaired. Therefore, it is impossible to prepare a dried maitake with excellent qualitative quality with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity and no keratinization by heat treatment under the condition that the water content of maitake is high as in this example. .
[0024]
[Table 6]
Table 6 Hot water heat treatment results of raw maitake
Figure 0003874178
* The enzyme activity that liberates 1 μg of tyrosine per minute was defined as 1 Unit, and the value per 1 g of the sample was defined as the enzyme activity value.
[0025]
Example 4
The bread | pan which mix | blended the dry maitake which reduced the proteolytic enzyme activity obtained by processing similarly to Example 1, or the untreated dry maitake which has proteolytic enzyme activity was prepared by the method shown below, and both were compared. For comparison, a bread containing dry maitake prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 and a bread not containing maitake were also prepared and compared. Dry maitake used was pulverized to 40 mesh or less with a mixer.
[0026]
In the raw material composition shown in Table 7, yeast, sucrose and salt were dissolved in a part of the water used in advance, added to the flour, vitamin C and dried maitake in the mixer bowl, and the remaining water was added.
A bread mixer was used to mix at low speed for 2 minutes, medium speed for 2 minutes, and high speed for 1 minute. Shortening was added and mixing was further performed at low speed for 2 minutes, medium speed for 2 minutes, and high speed for 2 minutes to obtain bread dough. The dough kneading temperature was 28 ° C. After kneading, the bread dough was transferred to an appropriate container and subjected to primary fermentation at 30 ° C. for 50 minutes. After degassing, secondary fermentation was further performed at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes.
After the fermentation was completed, the bread dough was divided into 450 g, rounded, and allowed to stand at 30 ° C. for 15 minutes. Then, the bread dough is stretched flat on a sheeter, molded into a one-loaf mold with a molder finish, placed in a bread case with the seam down, and the bread dough is 1.5 cm above the mold in a 38 ° C, RH 85% proofer. Proof fermentation was performed until it became. After completion of proofing, it was baked in an oven at 200 ° C. for 25 minutes.
[0027]
[Table 7]
Table 7 Bread dough ingredients
Figure 0003874178
[0028]
Comparing the quality of each bread, when dry maitake (processed maitake) with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity was blended, the finish and taste were the same as when maitake was not blended (no maitake was blended). The bread was deep.
On the other hand, when untreated dry maitake (untreated maitake) was blended, the dough softened during mixing, making it impossible to mold, and subsequent operations could not be performed. On the other hand, when dry maitake prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 (Comparative Example 1 maitake) was blended, there was a vomit feeling derived from keratinization, and no maitake-derived flavor was observed.
[0029]
Example 5
In order to examine the effect of reducing the protease activity, the dough immediately after mixing prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 was suspended in 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and 2% containing 2% mercaptoethanol. SDS, 20% sucrose, 2 mM EDTA, 0.05% BPB and 10 mM Tris (pH 6.8) solution were added and stirred, followed by heat treatment at 105 ° C. for 10 minutes to extract proteins. This protein was charged into a polyacrylamide gel and electrophoresed at 20 mA. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
As is clear from the figure, in the case of bread dough blended with untreated maitake with proteolytic enzyme activity, the protein side is markedly decreased due to the action of proteolytic enzyme, while proteolytic enzyme activity is reduced. In the case of bread dough blended with the maitake mushroom, it was confirmed that the high molecular weight protein remained as in the case where the maitake was not blended, and the protease activity was reduced.
[0030]
Example 6
Udon made by mixing dry maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity or untreated dry maitake with proteolytic enzyme activity, prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, was prepared by the following method, and the two were compared. For comparison, udon with dry maitake prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 and udon without maitake were also prepared. The dried maitake used here was pulverized to 40 mesh or less with a mixer.
[0031]
In the raw material composition shown in Table 8, the raw materials were kneaded, made into dumplings, stretched into a string by hand, aged at room temperature for 8 hours, hung on a rod, and further extended while aging at room temperature for 12 hours. Then, after air drying, it cut | disconnected and obtained udon. This udon was boiled in a large amount of boiling water for 3 minutes and then ice-cooled and sampled.
[0032]
[Table 8]
Table 8 Udon raw material composition
Figure 0003874178
[0033]
When the quality of each udon was compared, when dry maitake (processed maitake) with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity was blended, it has a smooth texture equivalent to the case without maitake (unmixed maitake), The noodles had a deep taste.
On the other hand, when untreated dry maitake (untreated maitake) was blended, the raw material softened during aging for 8 hours, making it impossible to mold, and subsequent operations could not be performed. On the other hand, when dry maitake prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 (Comparative Example 1 maitake) was blended, there was a rough texture derived from keratinization, and no maitake-derived flavor was observed. However, there was no damage due to enzyme action. In addition, even if the time was extended for 10 minutes with a bowl of udon mixed with dried maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity, no decay of the noodles by the proteolytic enzyme was observed.
[0034]
Example 7
Tofu containing dry maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity or untreated dry maitake with proteolytic enzyme activity obtained by the same treatment as in Example 3 was prepared by the following method, and the two were compared. For comparison, tofu containing dry maitake prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 and tofu not containing maitake were also prepared and compared. The dried maitake was pulverized to 100 mesh or less with a mixer.
[0035]
The raw material composition is as shown in Table 9. The whole soybeans were washed with water, dipped in 3 times the amount of water, and after 16 hours, water and dried maitake powder were added and ground with a mixer for 4 minutes. The ground product was separated into raw soy milk and okara using a desktop separator. The raw soymilk had a Brix of 4.0 to 5.3.
Raw soymilk was put into a heating container and heated, and boiled at a temperature just before boiling for 3 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was naturally cooled. When the product temperature was 75 ° C., natural bittern dispersed in a small amount of water was added, and the mixture was slowly stirred and allowed to cool.
After the soymilk solidified slowly, it was transferred to a porous container with gauze on the inside, and wrapped with gauze so that it would not spill. An appropriate weight was placed on the plate and left for 1 hour to obtain tofu.
In the production process, tofu containing dry maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity, tofu containing dry maitake prepared in the same manner as Comparative Example 1 as a control and tofu without maitake had the same operability. However, in the tofu blended with untreated maitake, coagulation after the bittern addition was completed in a short time.
[0036]
[Table 9]
Table 9 Tofu raw material composition
Figure 0003874178
[0037]
The volume of the prototype is 100 when no maitake is added (no maitake), 104 when dry maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity (treated maitake) is added, and prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. It was 100 when blended dry maitake (Comparative Example 1 maitake). However, when untreated maitake was blended, it was remarkably lowered to 35. This is due to the degradation of the protein. When dry maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity was blended, it had a smooth texture similar to that without maitake as a control, and had a maitake flavor.
On the other hand, when dry maitake prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 was blended, there was no taste of maitake, the texture was rough, and the texture was poor. When the untreated maitake was blended, it was hard and had a voluminous texture.
[0038]
Example 8
A tea fumigation blended with dry maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity or untreated dry maitake with proteolytic enzyme activity (small pieces) obtained by treating in the same manner as in Example 3 was prepared by the following method, Compared. For comparison, tea fumigation with dry maitake prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 and tea fumigation without maitake were also prepared.
[0039]
The raw material composition is as shown in Table 10. The egg was melted so as not to be foamed and added to a mixture of dashi, thin soy sauce, salt and chemical seasoning, and mixed well to prepare an egg liquid. Dried maitake that has been soaked in water and put in a steamed tea bowl, add egg liquid, put in a steamer with steam, slightly shift the lid of the steamer and steam for 20 minutes on low heat to prepare a steamed tea mash did.
[0040]
[Table 10]
Table 10 Raw material composition of steamed tea
Figure 0003874178
[0041]
Comparing the quality of each type of tea fumigation, when dry maitake (processed maitake) with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity was blended, it had a smooth texture equivalent to that without maitake (unmixed maitake) On the other hand, when untreated dry maitake (untreated maitake) was blended, the coagulation of the steamed tea did not occur even after steaming for 20 minutes. Moreover, when dry maitake prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 (Comparative Example 1 maitake) was blended, coagulation was normal, but there was a rough feeling derived from keratinization, and there was no flavor unique to maitake. .
[0042]
Example 9
After breaking 1 kg of raw maitake (water content 90% (w / w)) into small pieces, they were placed in a 50 ° C. hot air circulation tank and dried for 12 hours to reduce the water content to 30% (w / w). Next, it is put in a polypropylene bag, boiled at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes, then placed in a 50 ° C. hot air circulation tank and dried for 12 hours, reducing the water content to 10% (w / w) and proteolysis. Dried maitake with reduced enzyme activity was obtained.
No keratinization was observed in the dried maitake, and the finish was comparable to that of untreated dried maitake. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was pulverized with a small blender, extracted with 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.5), and the protease activity was measured by the casein-forein method. As a result, as shown in Table 11, both neutral and acidic proteolytic enzyme activities were less than 10% before the heat treatment.
Using this maitake, a tea fumigation was prepared by the same raw material composition and preparation method as in Example 8. Examination of the quality of the resulting tea fumigation revealed that when dry maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity was blended, it had a smooth texture equivalent to that without maitake, but untreated dry maitake In the case of blending, the solidification of the steamed steamed tea did not occur even after steaming for 20 minutes. In addition, when dry maitake prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 was blended, coagulation was normal, but there was a rough feeling derived from keratinization, and there was no flavor unique to maitake.
[0043]
[Table 11]
Table 11 Results of autoclaving of maitake with adjusted moisture
Figure 0003874178
* The enzyme activity that liberates 1 μg of tyrosine per minute was defined as 1 Unit, and the value per 1 g of sample dryness was defined as the enzyme activity value.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the manufacturing method and its use of dry maitake which reduced proteolytic enzyme activity are provided. The dried maitake obtained by the present invention can be used as it is without any pretreatment during cooking, and is practical and excellent in quality.
Since this dried maitake has a reduced proteolytic enzyme activity, it can be used for foods containing proteins, and functions derived from maitake can be imparted to these foods.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is an electrophoretogram showing SDS-PAGE results of wheat proteins in each bread dough of Example 5. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
Lane 1 shows bread dough blended with maitake with reduced proteolytic enzyme activity, lane 2 shows bread dough blended with untreated maitake, and lane 3 shows bread dough blended with no maitake.

Claims (3)

乾燥マイタケを製造するにあたり、水分含量を50%(w/w)未満に調整したマイタケを、耐熱性の袋あるいは容器に入れ、マイクロ波、蒸気又は高温の熱水により80℃以上125℃未満の温度で加熱処理し、次いで乾燥することを特徴とする、蛋白質分解酵素活性が10分の1以下に低減され、水分含量が10%(w/w)以下に乾燥されたマイタケの製造法 In manufacturing dried maitake, maitake adjusted to a moisture content of less than 50% (w / w) is placed in a heat-resistant bag or container and heated to 80 ° C. or more and less than 125 ° C. with microwaves, steam or hot hot water. A method for producing maitake, wherein the protease activity is reduced to one-tenth or less and the water content is dried to 10% (w / w) or less, characterized by heat treatment at temperature and then drying . 請求項1記載の製造法で得られた乾燥マイタケ Dry maitake obtained by the production method according to claim 1 . 請求項1記載の製造法で得られた乾燥マイタケを含有する蛋白質含有食品 A protein-containing food containing dried maitake obtained by the production method according to claim 1 .
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