JP3868482B2 - Perfluoroelastomer cure - Google Patents
Perfluoroelastomer cure Download PDFInfo
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- JP3868482B2 JP3868482B2 JP52714595A JP52714595A JP3868482B2 JP 3868482 B2 JP3868482 B2 JP 3868482B2 JP 52714595 A JP52714595 A JP 52714595A JP 52714595 A JP52714595 A JP 52714595A JP 3868482 B2 JP3868482 B2 JP 3868482B2
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- perfluoroelastomer
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- nitrile
- peroxide
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- 229920006169 Perfluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 49
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005671 trienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- BFWMWWXRWVJXSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M fentin hydroxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Sn](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BFWMWWXRWVJXSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 perfluoro Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CRHIAMBJMSSNNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylstannane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Sn](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CRHIAMBJMSSNNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)F RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine Chemical group C1=NC=NC=N1 JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYIPDZSLYLDLCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-3-[1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propan-2-yl]oxypropanenitrile Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C#N LYIPDZSLYLDLCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAFQWLITSSYXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1-ethenoxypropan-2-yloxy)propanenitrile Chemical compound C=COCC(C)OCCC#N OAFQWLITSSYXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001441571 Hiodontidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBXWFLISHPUINY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyltin Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Sn](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SBXWFLISHPUINY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/14—Peroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/56—Organo-metallic compounds, i.e. organic compounds containing a metal-to-carbon bond
- C08K5/57—Organo-tin compounds
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
発明の分野
本明細書中では、ペルオキシド接触硬化及びニトリル基を使用して橋かけさせる触媒の二重硬化システムを使用する、ニトリル基を含むペルフルオロエラストマーの硬化(橋かけ)のための組成物及び方法を開示する。この硬化は金型中で短い時間を要求するに過ぎず、そして熱的に安定な橋かけを有する加硫物を生成させる。
技術的背景
ペルフルオロエラストマーは、高温及び/又は化学的攻撃に対する非常に良好な耐性をしばしば有する物質である。これは、高温及び/又は化学品が存在する、そして良好な密封特性が必要とされる場所のOリング及びガスケットのような使用のためにそれらを価値あるものにする。これらの物質の使用に対する一つの欠点はそれらのコストであり、これは、しばしば、成形及び硬化(橋かけ)ペルフルオロエラストマー部品の高いコストに起因する。かくして、熱的及び化学的に安定な橋かけされたネットワークを生成させるこれらのポリマーのためのもっと安価な硬化のための方法が望ましい。
米国特許第4,281,092号及び第4,3,94,489号は、ニトリル含有ペルフルオロエラストマーの製造及び/又は硬化を述べている。この硬化は有機スズ触媒の存在下で行われる。これらのポリマーに関してペルオキシド硬化を使用することは述べられていない。
米国特許第4,983,680号は、ニトリル含有ペルフルオロエラストマーのペルオキシド接触硬化(必要に応じて協力剤と一緒の)を述べている。この硬化をもう一つの硬化と組み合わせることは述べていない。
発明の要約
本発明は、
(a) (i)複数のニトリル基を含むペルフルオロエラストマー、
(ii)前記ニトリル基により記ペルフルオロエラストマーを橋かけさせることができるスズ触媒、及び
(iii)前記ペルフルオロエラストマーを橋かけさせることができるペルオキシド、及びジエン又はトリエンである協力剤
を含んで成る混合物を、前記ペルオキシドを分解させるのに十分な第一温度で前記混合物を加熱しながら、特定の形に閉じ込めること、
(b)前記混合物を閉じ込めから開放すること、並びに
(c)前記ニトリル基から橋かけを形成させるのに十分な時間の期間の間、前記第一温度よりも高い第二温度で前記混合物を加熱することを含んで成る、ペルフルオロエラストマーの硬化のための方法に関する。
本発明はまた、
複数のニトリル基を含むペルフルオロエラストマー;
100部の前記ペルフルオロエラストマーあたり約0.1〜約10重量部の、前記ニトリル基により前記ペルフルオロエラストマーを橋かけさせることができるスズ触媒;
100部の前記ペルフルオロエラストマーあたり約0.1〜約10重量部の、前記ペルフルオロエラストマーを硬化させることができるペルオキシド;及び
100部の前記ペルフルオロエラストマーあたり約0.1〜約10重量部の、ジエン又はトリエンである協力剤
を含んで成る組成物に関する。
本明細書中ではまた、複数のニトリル基を含むペルフルオロエラストマーの、前記ニトリル基によって前記ペルフルオロエラストマーを硬化させることができる触媒の存在下での前記ペルフルオロエラストマーを加熱することによる接触橋かけのための方法であって、前記触媒として水酸化トリフェニルスズを使用することを改善とする改善方法を述べている。
発明の詳細
本明細書中の本発明は、ニトリル含有ペルフルオロエラストマーのための二重硬化システムとして述べることができる。二重硬化システムとは、二つの(化学的に)別個のタイプの硬化が起こり、一つはペルオキシド及び協力剤によって引き起こされ、もう一つはニトリル基の接触反応によって引き起こされると信じられることを意味する。
本発明において(硬化方法においてそして硬化されるべき組成物において)使用されるポリマーは、複数のニトリル基を含むペルフルオロエラストマーである。これは、ペルフルオロエラストマーを橋かけする硬化サイトとして作用する十分な量のニトリル基を含むペルフルオロエラストマーを意味する。通常は、ニトリル基は、ニトリル含有硬化サイトモノマーの使用によって導入される、即ち、ニトリル基は、重合の間にポリマー中に導入される。適切なポリマーは、参照によって本明細書中に加入する米国特許第4,281,092号中に述べられている。ペルフルオロエラストマーが0.1〜2.5モル%のニトリル含有硬化サイトモノマーを含むならば、それが好ましい。
本発明における好ましいペルフルオロエラストマーは、テトラフルオロエチレン、ペルフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)、及びニトリル含有硬化サイトモノマーである。好ましいアルキルビニルエーテルは、ペルフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)である。殊に好ましいペルフルオロエラストマーは、53〜79.9モル%のテトラフルオロエチレン、20〜46.9モル%ペルフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)、及び0.1〜2.5モル%のニトリル含有硬化サイトモノマーを含む。好ましい硬化サイトモノマーは、ニトリル基及びトリフルオロビニルエーテル基を有するペルフルオロ化ポリエーテルである。更に好ましい硬化サイトモノマーは、
CF2=CF[OCF2CF(CH3)]nOCF2CF2CN
[式中、nは1、2、3又は4である]
である。殊に好ましい硬化サイトモノマーは、ペルフルオロ(8−シアノ−5−メチル−3,6−ジオキサ−1−オクテン)である。
ペルフルオロエラストマーは、好ましくは、フリーラジカル開始を使用してエマルションシステム中で作られる(参照によって本明細書中に加入する米国特許第4,281,092号を参照せよ)。連鎖移動剤例えばペルフルオリヨーダイド、ヨウ素化メチレン、及び炭化水素を、より良い加工特性を有するより低い粘度のポリマーを与えるために、分子量を制御するために使用することができる。
本発明において用いられる二重硬化の硬化の一つは、ジエン又はトリエンである協力剤と組み合わせて(有機)ペルオキシドを使用する。エラストマー状物質を取り扱う際の実際的な理由のために、100℃以上で分解し、そして比較的高いエネルギーのフリーラジカルを与えるペルオキシドが最も適切である。適切なペルオキシドは、その特許を参照によって本明細書中に加入する米国特許第4,035,565号、5欄、30〜50行中に与えられている。有用なペルオキシドは、α,α’−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)ジイソプロピルベンゼン及び2,5−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)−2,5−ジメチルヘキサンを含む。ペルオキシドはそのまま使用することもできるが、もっと一般的にはある種の希釈形で、例えば不活性担体上で使用される。本発明においては、存在するペルオキシドの量は、純粋なペルオキシドを基にして計算される。ペルオキシドは、その中でそれがペルフルオロエラストマーを効果的に硬化(橋かけ)させることができる量で、典型的には100部のペルフルオロエラストマーあたり約0.1〜約10部の量で通常は存在する(本明細書中のすべてのこのような部は重量による)。使用されるペルオキシドの量が100部のペルフルオロエラストマーあたり約0.3〜約5部であるならば、それが好ましい。
ペルオキシド硬化においては、協力剤が使用される。この協力剤は、ジエン又はトリエンである。好ましい協力剤は、トリアリルイソシアヌレート及びトリアリルシアヌレートである。その他の有用な協力剤は、参照によって本明細書中に加入する米国特許第4,035,565号、6欄、20〜35行中に見い出される。協力剤は、その中でそれがペルフルオロエラストマーを効果的に硬化(橋かけ)させることができる量で、典型的には100部のペルフルオロエラストマーあたり約0.1〜約10部の量で通常は存在する(本明細書中のすべてのこのような部は重量による)。使用される協力剤の量が100部のペルフルオロエラストマーあたり約0.3〜約5部であるならば、それが好ましい。
二重硬化のペルオキシド部分においては、ペルフルオロエラストマーを含む混合物を特定の形の中に閉じ込める。本発明において閉じ込めるによって意味されることは、多分ペルオキシドが橋かけを形成している間に、混合物が泡及び空隙を生成させることを、又は所望の最後の部品の形をゆがめることを防止するのに十分な圧力下で混合物を保持することである。この閉じ込めは、典型的には金型、例えば圧縮成形用金型又はトランスファー成形用金型の中でであろう。
硬化のペルオキシド部分は、妥当な速度でのペルオキシドの熱分解を引き起こすのに十分に高い温度である第一温度で行われる。閉じ込められた混合物は、十分な橋かけ結合を生成させ、その結果第二温度に加熱される時に部品の形が維持され、そして空隙が形成されないであろうために十分な長さの時間の間、その第一温度で保持される。この第一温度は典型的には約150℃〜約220℃である。この加熱ステップのための典型的な期間は約2〜約60分である。一般には、十分な橋かけを得ることができる最短時間が使用されるであろう。何故ならば、これは、使用される装置、例えば金型及びプレスの生産性を最大にするからである。
二重硬化のこのペルオキシド硬化部分を行った後で、ペルフルオロエラストマーを閉じ込めから開放する(取り出す)ことができる。二重硬化システムの他の部分は、ペルフルオロエラストマー中に存在するニトリル基、及び混合物中に存在する触媒を含むと信じられる。典型的には、使用される触媒は有機スズ化合物であり、そして両方とも参照によって本明細書中に加入する米国特許第4,281,092号及び1994年2月16日に提出された米国特許出願第08/197,516号を参照せよ。好ましい触媒は、水酸化テトラフェニルスズ及びトリフェニルスズである。水酸化トリフェニルスズが(二重硬化においては又はニトリル基だけを含む硬化においては)殊に好ましい。何故ならば、それは、ニトリル含有ペルフルオロエラストマーをより速く硬化させるからである(実施例4及び比較例Gを参照せよ)。
二重硬化のこの部分は、ニトリル基による硬化(橋かけ)を遂行するために十分に高い第二温度で、そして十分に長い長さの時間の間、行われる。典型的には、これは約250℃〜約310℃の温度であろうし、そして典型的な硬化時間は約1時間〜約48時間、好ましくは約3時間〜約24時間である。
ペルフルオロエラストマーが第二温度にある、又は第二温度に加熱されている時には、それを空気中で行っても良いが、それを不活性ガス例えば窒素又はアルゴンの雰囲気中で行う場合には、それが好ましい。
本発明における二重硬化の第二部分の間には、ニトリル基は、反応を接触することができる触媒の存在下で、三量化して橋かけ結合であるs−トリアジン環を形成する。これらの橋かけ結合(橋かけ)は、(それらがどこにあろうとも)275℃以上の温度においてさえ非常に熱的に安定である。対照的に、ペルオキシドによって形成された橋かけは、それほど熱的に安定ではなく、約220℃で不安定性を示す。それ故、高温使用のための部品のためには、“ニトリル硬化”が好ましい。
しかしながら、ニトリル硬化は非常に遅く、これは、部品を取り出しことができる前の金型中の硬化時間が非常に永いことを意味する。何故ならば、十分な橋かけが、部品の形を保持しそして空隙が生成するのを防止しなければならないからである。これは、労働及び装置生産性に関してニトリル硬化を非常に高価にする。一方、ペルオキシド硬化はもっとずっと速いが、上で述べたように、比較的熱的に不安定である。本発明の二重硬化システムは、驚くべきことに、ペルオキシド硬化の利点、即ち比較的速くそして経済的な硬化と、ニトリル硬化の熱的に安定な橋かけの利点とを組み合わせる。実施例(数字を付けた)と比較例(文字を付けた)においては、以下の略号を使用する:
8CNVE−ペルフルオロ(8−シアノ−5−メチル−3,6−ジオキサ−1−オクテン)、
PMVE−ペルフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)
実施例においては以下の試験方法を使用する:
ムーニー焦がし(Scorch)−ASTM D−1646
振動ディスクレオメーター(ODR)−ASTM D−2084
引張特性−ASTM D−1708
圧縮永久歪−ASTM D−1414
実施例及び比較例のためのポリマー
実施例1、2並びに比較例A及びBにおいて使用したポリマーは、開始剤として過硫酸アンモニウムを使用して85℃で乳化重合で作られた。これらのポリマーは、43.2%のPMVE、2.2%の8CNVE(残りはテトラフルオロエチレン)を含み、そして0.51の固有粘度を有していた。連鎖移動剤のためにI(CH2)Iを使用した以外は、実施例3のためのポリマーも同様にして作った。このポリマーは、45.5%のPMVE、2.3%の8CNVE及び0.05%のヨウ素を含み、そして0.43の固有粘度を有していた。比較例のためのポリマーも類似のやり方で作ったが、C及びDのためのポリマーはヨード連鎖移動剤無しで作った。
コンパウンドはゴム用ミルで作り、そして部品はプレスで成形した。すべてのこれらの実施例においては、触媒として水酸化トリフェニルスズ(TPT−OH)、Luperco(R)(ATO Chemieから入手できる、50%の活性成分)を、ペルオキシドとして[2,5−ビス(t−ブチルペルオキシ)−2,5−ジメチルヘキサン]を、そして協力剤としてトリアリルイソシアヌレート(TAIC)を使用した。二重硬化システムに関するそしてTPT−OHだけに関する原料の例を表1中に示す。実施例2、3及びBは、可塑剤、Krytox(R)16350(E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company,Wilmington,DEから入手できる)の使用を含む。
1、2及び3のサンプルのためのプレス硬化は、177℃/15分においてであった。
A及びBのためのプレス硬化は、200℃/30分において行われた。
すべてのサンプルは、窒素の雰囲気下で305℃で42時間の間後硬化させた。
Oリングは、決められた時間の間、空気オーブン中で熱老化させ、そして204℃/70hで圧縮永久歪に関して試験した。
もう一つのシリーズの比較例においては、ポリマーをペルオキシド硬化によってか又は単にスズ触媒によって硬化させたが、これらの二つのシステムの間の特性においては明確な差があった。結果を表2中に示す。
C及びEサンプルは200℃/30分でそしてD及びFは175℃/15分でプレス硬化させた。
すべてのサンプルは、試験の前に288℃で46時間の間窒素下でオーブン中で後硬化させた。
これらのサンプルは設定された時間の間空気オーブン中で熱老化させ、そして圧縮永久歪は204℃/70hで測定した。
実施例4及び比較例G
ゴム用ミルの中で、1)過硫酸アンモニウム開始を使用して85℃でエマルションシステム中で作られたニトリル含有ペルフルオロエラストマー(PMVE 44.0重量%、8CNVE 2.2重量%、固有粘度 0.55)、2)10phrのMTブラック及び3)1phrの水酸化トリフェニルスズを配合した。配合された原料から、ダンベル及びOリングを、200℃/15分でプレスの中で成形した。これらの部品は、試験の前に窒素の雰囲気下で260℃/24時間で後硬化させた。結果を実施例4として表3中に示す。
水酸化トリフェニルスズの代わりに硬化触媒として2部のテトラフェニルスズを使用する対照(比較例G)もまた行った。すべてのその他の条件は、実施例4のためのと同一であった。結果を表3中に示す。
ODR試験もまた実施した(177℃の温度)が、結果を図1中に示す。この図は、水酸化トリフェニルスズが触媒であるコンパウンドは、触媒としてテトラフェニルスズを使用する時よりもずっと速く硬化(橋かけ)したことを明確に示す。
FIELD OF THE INVENTION In this specification, for the curing (crosslinking) of perfluoroelastomers containing nitrile groups using a dual catalytic system of catalytic catalysis and crosslinking using nitrile groups. The compositions and methods are disclosed. This curing requires only a short time in the mold and produces a vulcanizate with a thermally stable bridge.
Technical background Perfluoroelastomers are materials that often have very good resistance to high temperatures and / or chemical attack. This makes them valuable for uses such as O-rings and gaskets where high temperatures and / or chemicals are present and where good sealing properties are required. One drawback to the use of these materials is their cost, often due to the high cost of molded and cured (crosslinked) perfluoroelastomer parts. Thus, cheaper methods for curing for these polymers that produce thermally and chemically stable crosslinked networks are desirable.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,281,092 and 4,3,94,489 describe the production and / or curing of nitrile-containing perfluoroelastomers. This curing is performed in the presence of an organotin catalyst. The use of peroxide curing is not stated for these polymers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,983,680 describes peroxide catalytic curing (with optional synergists) of nitrile-containing perfluoroelastomers. There is no mention of combining this cure with another cure.
Summary of the invention The present invention provides:
(A) (i) a perfluoroelastomer containing a plurality of nitrile groups,
A mixture comprising (ii) a tin catalyst capable of crosslinking the perfluoroelastomer with the nitrile group, and (iii) a peroxide capable of crosslinking the perfluoroelastomer, and a synergist which is a diene or triene. Confining to a particular shape while heating the mixture at a first temperature sufficient to decompose the peroxide,
(B) releasing the mixture from confinement; and (c) heating the mixture at a second temperature higher than the first temperature for a period of time sufficient to form a bridge from the nitrile group. To a method for curing a perfluoroelastomer.
The present invention also provides
A perfluoroelastomer containing a plurality of nitrile groups;
About 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of a tin catalyst capable of crosslinking the perfluoroelastomer with the nitrile groups per 100 parts of the perfluoroelastomer;
From about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight per 100 parts of the perfluoroelastomer; a peroxide capable of curing the perfluoroelastomer; and from about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of a diene or per 100 parts of the perfluoroelastomer. It relates to a composition comprising a synergist which is a triene.
Also provided herein for contact crosslinking of a perfluoroelastomer comprising a plurality of nitrile groups by heating the perfluoroelastomer in the presence of a catalyst capable of curing the perfluoroelastomer by the nitrile group. An improved method is described which improves the use of triphenyltin hydroxide as the catalyst.
Details of the invention The invention herein can be described as a dual cure system for nitrile-containing perfluoroelastomers. A dual cure system is one in which two (chemically) distinct types of cure occur, one caused by peroxide and synergist, and the other believed to be caused by the catalytic reaction of nitrile groups. means.
The polymers used in the present invention (in the curing process and in the composition to be cured) are perfluoroelastomers containing a plurality of nitrile groups. This means a perfluoroelastomer containing a sufficient amount of nitrile groups that act as a cure site for crosslinking the perfluoroelastomer. Normally, nitrile groups are introduced by the use of nitrile-containing cure site monomers, i.e., nitrile groups are introduced into the polymer during polymerization. Suitable polymers are described in US Pat. No. 4,281,092, incorporated herein by reference. It is preferred if the perfluoroelastomer contains 0.1-2.5 mol% nitrile-containing cure site monomer.
Preferred perfluoroelastomers in the present invention are tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and nitrile-containing cure site monomers. A preferred alkyl vinyl ether is perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether). Particularly preferred perfluoroelastomers include 53-79.9 mole percent tetrafluoroethylene, 20-46.9 mole percent perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether), and 0.1-2.5 mole percent nitrile-containing cure site monomer. . Preferred cure site monomers are perfluorinated polyethers having nitrile groups and trifluorovinyl ether groups. More preferred cure site monomers are
CF 2 = CF [OCF 2 CF (CH 3 )] n OCF 2 CF 2 CN
[Wherein n is 1, 2, 3 or 4]
It is. A particularly preferred cure site monomer is perfluoro (8-cyano-5-methyl-3,6-dioxa-1-octene).
Perfluoroelastomers are preferably made in an emulsion system using free radical initiation (see US Pat. No. 4,281,092, incorporated herein by reference). Chain transfer agents such as perfluorinated iodide, iodinated methylene, and hydrocarbons can be used to control the molecular weight to give lower viscosity polymers with better processing properties.
One of the dual cure cures used in the present invention uses (organic) peroxide in combination with a synergist which is a diene or triene. For practical reasons in handling elastomeric materials, peroxides that decompose above 100 ° C. and give relatively high energy free radicals are most appropriate. Suitable peroxides are given in US Pat. No. 4,035,565, column 5, line 30-50, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Useful peroxides include α, α′-bis (t-butylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene and 2,5-bis (t-butylperoxy) -2,5-dimethylhexane. The peroxide can be used as is, but more commonly in some diluted form, for example on an inert carrier. In the present invention, the amount of peroxide present is calculated on the basis of pure peroxide. The peroxide is usually present in an amount in which it can effectively cure (crosslink) the perfluoroelastomer, typically in an amount of about 0.1 to about 10 parts per 100 parts perfluoroelastomer. (All such parts herein are by weight). It is preferred if the amount of peroxide used is from about 0.3 to about 5 parts per 100 parts perfluoroelastomer.
In the peroxide curing, a synergist is used. This synergist is a diene or a triene. Preferred synergists are triallyl isocyanurate and triallyl cyanurate. Other useful synergists are found in US Pat. No. 4,035,565, column 6, lines 20-35, incorporated herein by reference. The synergist is usually in an amount in which it can effectively cure (crosslink) the perfluoroelastomer, typically in an amount of about 0.1 to about 10 parts per 100 parts perfluoroelastomer. Present (all such parts herein are by weight). It is preferred if the amount of synergist used is from about 0.3 to about 5 parts per 100 parts perfluoroelastomer.
In the dual cure peroxide portion, the mixture containing the perfluoroelastomer is confined within a specific shape. What is meant by confinement in the present invention is that it prevents the mixture from generating bubbles and voids, or possibly distorting the shape of the desired final part, perhaps while the peroxide is forming a bridge. To maintain the mixture under sufficient pressure. This confinement will typically be in a mold, such as a compression mold or a transfer mold.
The peroxide portion of the cure is performed at a first temperature that is sufficiently high to cause the thermal decomposition of the peroxide at a reasonable rate. The trapped mixture creates sufficient cross-linking so that the part shape is maintained when heated to the second temperature, and no gap is formed for a sufficient length of time. , Held at its first temperature. This first temperature is typically about 150 ° C to about 220 ° C. A typical period for this heating step is about 2 to about 60 minutes. In general, the shortest time in which sufficient crosslinking can be obtained will be used. This is because it maximizes the productivity of the equipment used, such as molds and presses.
After this peroxide cure portion of the dual cure, the perfluoroelastomer can be released (removed) from containment. The other part of the dual cure system is believed to include the nitrile groups present in the perfluoroelastomer and the catalyst present in the mixture. Typically, the catalyst used is an organotin compound, and both US Pat. No. 4,281,092 and US patent filed on Feb. 16, 1994, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. See application Ser. No. 08 / 197,516. Preferred catalysts are tetraphenyltin hydroxide and triphenyltin. Triphenyltin hydroxide is particularly preferred (in double cures or in cures containing only nitrile groups). This is because it cures nitrile-containing perfluoroelastomers faster (see Example 4 and Comparative Example G).
This part of the double cure is performed at a sufficiently high second temperature and for a sufficiently long period of time to effect cure (crosslinking) with nitrile groups. Typically this will be a temperature of about 250 ° C. to about 310 ° C. and typical cure times are about 1 hour to about 48 hours, preferably about 3 hours to about 24 hours.
When the perfluoroelastomer is at or heated to the second temperature, it may be performed in air, but if it is performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, Is preferred.
Between the second part of the double cure in the present invention, the nitrile group is trimerized in the presence of a catalyst capable of contacting the reaction to form an s-triazine ring which is a bridged bond. These crosslinks (crosslinks) are very thermally stable even at temperatures above 275 ° C. (wherever they are). In contrast, the bridge formed by peroxide is not very thermally stable and exhibits instability at about 220 ° C. Therefore, for parts for high temperature use, “nitrile cure” is preferred.
However, nitrile cure is very slow, meaning that the cure time in the mold is very long before the part can be removed. This is because sufficient crosslinking must maintain the shape of the part and prevent voids from forming. This makes nitrile curing very expensive in terms of labor and equipment productivity. On the other hand, peroxide cure is much faster, but as mentioned above, it is relatively thermally unstable. The dual cure system of the present invention surprisingly combines the advantages of peroxide cure, i.e., relatively fast and economical, with the thermally stable crosslinking advantage of nitrile cure. The following abbreviations are used in the examples (with numbers) and comparative examples (with letters):
8CNVE-perfluoro (8-cyano-5-methyl-3,6-dioxa-1-octene),
PMVE-perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether)
The following test methods are used in the examples:
Mooney Burning (Scorch)-ASTM D-1646
Vibration Disc Rheometer (ODR)-ASTM D-2084
Tensile properties-ASTM D-1708
Compression set-ASTM D-1414
Polymers for Examples and Comparative Examples The polymers used in Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Examples A and B were made by emulsion polymerization at 85C using ammonium persulfate as an initiator. These polymers contained 43.2% PMVE, 2.2% 8CNVE (the rest being tetrafluoroethylene) and had an intrinsic viscosity of 0.51. The polymer for Example 3 was made similarly except that I (CH 2 ) I was used for the chain transfer agent. The polymer contained 45.5% PMVE, 2.3% 8CNVE and 0.05% iodine and had an intrinsic viscosity of 0.43. The polymers for the comparative examples were made in a similar manner, but the polymers for C and D were made without an iodo chain transfer agent.
The compound was made with a rubber mill and the parts were pressed. In all these examples, triphenyltin hydroxide (TPT-OH), Luperco® ( 50% active ingredient available from ATO Chemie ) as the catalyst and [2,5-bis ( t-butylperoxy) -2,5-dimethylhexane] and triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) as synergist. Examples of raw materials for the dual cure system and for TPT-OH only are shown in Table 1. Examples 2, 3 and B, including the use of plasticizers, Krytox (R) 16350 (E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company, available Wilmington, from DE).
The press cure for the samples 1, 2 and 3 was at 177 ° C./15 minutes.
The press cure for A and B was performed at 200 ° C./30 minutes.
All samples were post-cured for 42 hours at 305 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere.
The O-ring was heat aged in an air oven for a defined time and tested for compression set at 204 ° C./70 h.
In another series of comparative examples, the polymer was cured by peroxide cure or simply by a tin catalyst, but there was a clear difference in properties between these two systems. The results are shown in Table 2.
C and E samples were press cured at 200 ° C./30 minutes and D and F at 175 ° C./15 minutes.
All samples were post-cured in an oven under nitrogen at 288 ° C. for 46 hours prior to testing.
These samples were heat aged in an air oven for a set time and the compression set was measured at 204 ° C./70 h.
Example 4 and Comparative Example G
In a rubber mill: 1) Nitrile-containing perfluoroelastomer made in an emulsion system at 85 ° C. using ammonium persulfate initiation (PMVE 44.0 wt%, 8CNVE 2.2 wt%, intrinsic viscosity 0.55 2) 10 phr MT black and 3) 1 phr triphenyltin hydroxide. Dumbbells and O-rings were molded in the press at 200 ° C./15 minutes from the blended raw materials. These parts were post cured at 260 ° C./24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere prior to testing. The results are shown in Table 3 as Example 4.
A control (Comparative Example G) using 2 parts of tetraphenyltin as the curing catalyst instead of triphenyltin hydroxide was also performed. All other conditions were the same as for Example 4. The results are shown in Table 3.
An ODR test was also performed (temperature of 177 ° C.) and the results are shown in FIG. This figure clearly shows that the compound on which triphenyltin hydroxide is a catalyst cures (crosslinks) much faster than when tetraphenyltin is used as the catalyst.
Claims (2)
(ii)前記ニトリル基により前記ペルフルオロエラストマーを橋かけさせることができるスズ触媒、及び
(iii)前記ペルフルオロエラストマーを橋かけさせることができるペルオキシド、及びジエン又はトリエンである協力剤
を含んで成る混合物を、前記ペルオキシドを分解させるのに十分な第一温度で前記混合物を加熱しながら、特定の形に閉じ込めること、
(b)前記混合物を閉じ込めから開放すること、並びに
(c)前記ニトリル基から橋かけを形成させるのに十分な時間の期間の間、前記第一温度よりも高い第二温度で前記混合物を加熱することを含んで成る、ペルフルオロエラストマーの硬化のための方法。(A) (i) a perfluoroelastomer containing a plurality of nitrile groups,
(Ii) comprising the tin catalyst the perfluoroelastomer Ri by the nitrile group can give crosslinked, and (iii) the perfluoroelastomer to can give crosslinked peroxides, and include a synergist diene or triene Confining the mixture in a particular shape while heating the mixture at a first temperature sufficient to decompose the peroxide;
(B) releasing the mixture from confinement; and (c) heating the mixture at a second temperature higher than the first temperature for a period of time sufficient to form a bridge from the nitrile group. A process for curing a perfluoroelastomer comprising the steps of:
100部の前記ペルフルオロエラストマーあたり0.1〜10重量部の、前記ニトリル基により前記ペルフルオロエラストマーを橋かけさせることができるスズ触媒;
100部の前記ペルフルオロエラストマーあたり0.1〜10重量部の、前記ペルフルオロエラストマーを硬化させることができるペルオキシド;及び
100部の前記ペルフルオロエラストマーあたり0.1〜10重量部の、ジエン又はトリエンである協力剤
を含んで成る組成物。A perfluoroelastomer containing a plurality of nitrile groups;
Of the 0.1 to 10 parts by weight per perfluoroelastomer of 100 parts of tin catalyst the perfluoroelastomer Ri by the nitrile group can give crosslinked;
Cooperation of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts of the perfluoroelastomer, a peroxide capable of curing the perfluoroelastomer; and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts of the perfluoroelastomer A composition comprising an agent.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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US08/230,026 US5447993A (en) | 1994-04-19 | 1994-04-19 | Perfluoroelastomer curing |
US08/230,026 | 1994-04-19 | ||
PCT/US1995/004698 WO1995028442A1 (en) | 1994-04-19 | 1995-04-18 | Perfluoroelastomer curing |
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JP3868482B2 true JP3868482B2 (en) | 2007-01-17 |
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WO1995028442A1 (en) | 1995-10-26 |
EP0756610B1 (en) | 2000-07-12 |
CN1073592C (en) | 2001-10-24 |
KR100381123B1 (en) | 2003-08-19 |
CN1146776A (en) | 1997-04-02 |
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