JP3845746B2 - Human body model - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a human head model for medical training that is used for training for acquiring skills of doctors in a field that requires advanced skills such as diagnosis and surgery using an endoscope. The present invention relates to a human head model used for training for skill acquisition such as intranasal diagnosis and surgery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various models are known as human models for medical training. However, since the conventional human body model for medical training is simply a three-dimensional shape model that reproduces only the shape of the human body, the mechanical characteristics of the actual organ and model, specifically the hardness and elasticity, It was very different. Therefore, it was not suitable for training using surgical instruments. In addition, the material constituting the conventional human body model for medical training is not suitable for training using a medical image apparatus because it does not consider the possibility of imaging with a medical image apparatus. Furthermore, the conventional human body model does not consider the possibility of partial replacement, and it is impossible to perform training that involves destruction of the human body model itself or to replace parts by case. Further, in the prior art, when an unreasonable force that exerts an adverse effect on an actual human body is applied to the human body model, it cannot be detected. Also, in the prior art, a hollow shape or the like often found in human body organs is often impossible to manufacture, and even if it can be manufactured, it is impossible to change the shape as needed according to the application. In connection with this, it has been impossible to observe the inside of a human body model manufactured by the prior art with a partial watermark. Furthermore, in the prior art, it is impossible to reproduce the mechanical mechanical characteristics of the portion that has been impossible to manufacture as described above, as long as it has not been manufactured.
[0003]
As described above, the conventional human body model is far from the actual human body, and it has been difficult to achieve its effectiveness in medical training using the conventional human body model. Therefore, the only way for the surgeon to observe the actual surgery beside the skilled person is to acquire skills. This limits the opportunity to acquire skills, so advanced surgery using an endoscope has not been widely spread despite the low burden on patients.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, the present inventors have eliminated the above-mentioned drawbacks and conducted various studies, and as a result, have completed the present invention. The object of the present invention is to require advanced skills such as diagnosis and surgery using an endoscope. It is to provide a human head model for medical training suitable for training for obtaining skills of doctors in the field. It is another object of the present invention to provide a medical training human head model that enables imaging by a medical imaging apparatus, thereby enabling training using the medical imaging apparatus together.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Gist of the present invention, the internal structure of the human head, the shape taken from the skull, a human head model for medical training stereolithography model revealed again with reference from the CT image data, and the biological It is a structure where multiple materials are used to make a similar tactile sensation , and part or multiple parts of the human head model can be replaced with parts that have the same or different shapes The human head model for medical training is characterized in that a pressure detector is provided in a gap between the replaceable part and its peripheral part, and the pressure applied to the human head model is detected from the outside . That is, the present invention brings the elasticity of the material of the human body model, the color of the surface, the viscosity, etc. closer to the living body so that the person who trains the endoscope operation can feel a tactile sensation similar to that of the actual living body. In addition, the internal structure is a composite structure using a plurality of materials in order to match the mechanical characteristics of the human body more accurately.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail.
Human head model for medical training of the invention is a human head model with the combined shape to the surface and internal structure of the human head. For example, in the case of a human head model, the shape is taken from the skull of an adult male, and is created with reference to the stereolithography model from CT image data, and the bone thickness and sinus structure are as faithful as possible. It is assumed that the human head model for medical training is reproduced. The mechanical characteristics of the human body specifically mean hardness, elasticity, etc., and the portions corresponding to the skull and bones of the sinuses are made of, for example, urethane resin, Similarly, in order to make it possible to divide into several parts and to increase the reality of the nasal cavity part, for example, a means such as reproducing the mucous membrane part with silicone rubber colored mucosal color is applied. The head model is fixed to a fixing stand on a fixed portion having a body shape so that the head model can be moved back and forth and left and right.
[0007]
The human body model preferably has a material and a structure that enable the shape measurement of the human head model by a medical diagnostic imaging apparatus such as an X-ray imaging apparatus or an X-ray CT tomography apparatus . As a material for enabling such X-ray CT to be imaged, for example, barium sulfate is mixed in silicon rubber corresponding to the mucous membrane. Then, in X-ray CT, for example it is possible to obtain digital data of the respective shapes by separating the mucosa produced with silicone rubber mixed with bone and barium sulfate was produced in a urethane resin shape measurement.
[0008]
Moreover, the human head model is a portion or portions of a human head model, it is preferable that the partial shape to be able to be interchangeable with the same or different components. For example, a patient's pain can be evaluated quantitatively by attaching a small pressure sensor, for example, a thin film type or a disk type, to a divided model that includes a part where a large force may be applied when using an endoscope. This is because it can be set so as to play a role as a simulator capable of performing the above.
[0009]
Further, a human body shape data generation unit having three-dimensional shape information of the human body, an instruction unit, an instruction unit position detection unit for detecting a relative position and direction of the human head model and the instruction unit, and a human body shape display unit with the human body shape data which the human body shape data generating unit has generated, that displays in the human body shape display unit as an image observed from the position and direction of the detected viewing direction detection unit itself was the observation direction detector and this is preferable.
[0010]
[Examples and Comparative Examples]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings as examples. The embodiment shown here is an example of a human body model for the purpose of endoscopic operation training in the sinuses, but is not limited to this example.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment according to claim 1 of the present invention. The shape of the model's head is taken from the skull of an adult male and is created with reference to a stereolithography model from CT image data so that the bone thickness, sinus structure, etc. can be reproduced as faithfully as possible. Endoscopic operation In order to enable trainees to feel a tactile sensation similar to that of the actual living body, not only the elasticity of the model material, surface color and viscosity are brought closer to the living body, but also the internal structure is more accurate. In order to match the mechanical characteristics of the human body, a composite structure using a plurality of materials is adopted. For example, in FIG. 1, a human body model 101 includes a skeleton portion 102 and a nasal cavity portion 103. The skeleton portion 102 is made of, for example, a hard urethane resin, and the nasal cavity portion 103 is made of, for example, mucosa-colored silicone rubber, which resembles an actual human body. Give hardness.
[0011]
As an example of the embodiment according to claim 2, a material having an appropriate X-ray absorption rate is used for the solid model 101. Thereby, imaging by X-ray CT becomes possible. For example, when barium sulfate is mixed in the nasal cavity portion 103, as shown in FIG. Reference numeral 106 denotes a cross section of the skeletal portion 102 and reference numeral 107 denotes a cross section of the nasal cavity portion 103.
[0012]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the embodiment according to claim 3 of the present invention. Here, the nasal cavity portion 103 is removable in the human body model 101, and the nasal cavity portion 103b having a different shape is replaced with the nasal cavity portion 103 and attached to the skeleton portion 102.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the embodiment according to claim 4 of the present invention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the pressure applied to the nasal cavity portion 103 is detected by mounting the pressure detection device 108 in the gap between the skeleton portion 102 and the nasal cavity portion 103 and displayed on the pressure display device 109. be able to. Examples of devices that apply pressure to the nasal cavity portion 103 include surgical instruments such as an endoscope and forceps.
[0013]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the embodiment according to claim 5 of the present invention. The human body shape data generation unit 110 has human body shape data including internal organs. The instruction unit position detection unit 111 measures the relative position / direction of the human body model 101 and the instruction unit 113 and transmits it to the human body shape display unit 112. The human body shape display unit 112 reads the human body shape data from the human body shape data generation unit 110 and displays the human body shape data corresponding to the direction in which the human body model 101 is observed from the instruction unit position detection unit 111.
Here, the human body shape data includes, for example, three-dimensional shape coordinate information obtained by photographing the human body model 101 with an X-ray CT apparatus. Further, an endoscope may be used as the instruction unit 113, and a position sensor may be used as the instruction unit position detection unit 111. An example of the human body shape display unit 112 is a computer capable of displaying three-dimensional computer graphics.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the human head model of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained in each claim.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the human head model has similar mechanical characteristics to the actual organ, it is suitable for training using a surgical instrument. In addition, by exchanging a part or a plurality of parts, it is possible to reuse by simply replacing the destroyed part even in training involving destruction, and it is possible to cope with different internal structures depending on cases. Furthermore , if it is a human head , an operation that may adversely affect the human head organ can be detected.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since imaging by a medical diagnostic imaging apparatus is possible, training using an internal structure image of a human head model is possible.
Due computer graphics image according to claim 3, the shape of the virtual organ in three-dimensional shape coordinate information and actual human head in models captured by a medical diagnostic imaging apparatus that does not exist in the manufacturing process for other reasons It expresses.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment according to claim 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a human body model image taken by X-ray CT in an example of an embodiment according to claim 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment according to claim 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment according to claim 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment according to claim 5 of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Human body model 102 Skeletal part 103 Nasal part 104 Cross section 105 Cross section 106 Skeleton part tomography 107 Nasal cavity part tomography 108 Pressure detection apparatus 109 Pressure display apparatus 110 Human body shape data generation part 111 Instruction part position detection part 112 Human body shape display part 113 Instruction section

Claims (3)

The internal structure of the human head, the shape taken from the skull, a human head model for medical training that optical modeling model also revealed again in the reference from the CT image data, feel the tactile sensation similar to that of a living body In order to be able to be used, it is a structure in which a plurality of materials are combined, and a part or a plurality of parts of the human head model can be exchanged with parts having the same or different shape from the part, and the exchange is possible. A human head model for medical training , comprising a pressure detector in a gap between a portion and a peripheral portion thereof, and detecting pressure applied to the human head model from the outside . The human head model for medical training according to claim 1, wherein the human head model for medical training is a material that can be measured by an X-ray imaging apparatus or an X-ray CT tomography apparatus. The human body model for medical training according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising: a human body shape data generating unit having three-dimensional shape information of a human head obtained by an X-ray imaging apparatus or an X-ray CT tomography apparatus; A human body shape data generated by the human body shape data generating unit, and a human body shape display unit including a pointing unit position detecting unit that detects a relative position and direction of the human head model and the pointing unit. A human head model for medical training, which is displayed on the human body shape display unit as an image observed from the position and direction of the observation direction detection unit detected by the detection unit itself.

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