JP3839016B2 - Block-laying open-air floor structure - Google Patents

Description

  In the present invention, an outdoor floor such as a rooftop of a building, a balcony, a veranda or the like is heated to a high temperature by solar heat, and the heat is radiated at night. It relates to the formed outdoor floor structure.

  Conventionally, as shown in Patent Document 1, as a countermeasure against the heat island, cement milk containing a water-absorbing polymer is injected and filled in the gaps of the asphalt pavement of the road to store rainwater, and the stored rainwater is evaporated in a fine weather. Road pavement methods that prevent overheating of the road surface due to the heat of vaporization caused by evaporation have been tried.

  Thus, the heat island phenomenon has been pointed out as a cause of overheating of the rooftop and outer walls of the building due to overheating of the road surface as well as overheating of the road surface. It has been.

  However, this rooftop greening and wall surface greening require a lot of construction and management, and it is difficult to maintain a stable greening and overheating preventing effect over time, and the cost becomes high.

On the other hand, the asphalt pavement method is difficult to implement on the rooftops of buildings, etc. due to construction labor, facilities, and water leakage repairs, and is prone to swelling, cracks, and skin separation due to solar heat. It is also unsuitable for an open-air floor of a building because it lacks water shielding.
JP 2003-184014 A

  The present invention pays attention to a method of injecting and filling cement milk containing a water-absorbing polymer into the pavement gap in the asphalt pavement of the road, and this method is applied to the laying method using the concrete block of the outdoor floor such as the rooftop. And while utilizing the advantage of this block placing method, the block placing open-air floor structure which provided this block with the said water retention function and the overheating prevention effect by moisture evaporation is provided.

  The present invention employs a block-laying open-air floor structure in which a large number of lining blocks are laid and spread on the ground floor surface to form an open-air floor.

  Each of the above lining blocks has a composite structure of a plastic tray and a porous concrete layer having a continuous void structure held in the tray, and is represented by a water-absorbing polymer in the communicating void of the porous concrete layer of each lining block. Gives a structure with retained water retention material.

A large number of composite lining blocks composed of the plastic tray and the porous concrete layer are laid on the surface of the outdoor floor with the plastic tray, and the surface of the porous concrete layer of each of the lining blocks is exposed on the open surface. A floor surface is formed, and rainwater or irrigation is permeated into the porous concrete layer of each lining block while water is blocked by a plastic tray and retained by the water retaining material, and the water retained by the water retaining material is retained in the communication gap. It is configured to prevent overheating of the open-air floor due to the heat of vaporization.
Further, as engaging means between the adjacent plastic trays, a convex portion protruding from the side surface of each plastic tray and a concave portion that can be recessed into the tray from the same side surface are provided, and the convex portion and the concave portion are provided. While fitting, each lining block is laid down to secure the relative position between the trays, that is, between the lining blocks, and to help prevent blowout by strong winds.
Further, an opening is provided in each of the side plates facing the concave and convex portions to be fitted to each other provided on the side plate of the plastic tray, and the exposed surfaces of the porous concrete layer exposed from the openings are brought into contact with each other to penetrate moisture. It is the structure which aims at.

  The porous concrete layer is composed of a concrete material with poor fluidity that is poorly mixed and kneaded by mixing cement with granular aggregate, and the granular aggregate is a carbonized granular material of paper sludge discharged from a paper mill. It is formed to give the granular aggregate itself a multi-void structure and to reduce the weight.

  The inner bottom surface of the plastic tray has a large number of water retention grooves formed by bending the bottom plate of the tray downward, and the water retention grooves are filled with the porous concrete layer to maintain the durability of water retention such as rainwater. Increase.

  While the present invention enjoys the advantages of the block laying method in which a large number of lining blocks are laid and spread to form an open-air floor, the above-described composite structure of each lining block blocks permeated rainwater by a plastic tray. Meanwhile, the water retention effect by the water retention material in the porous concrete layer is effectively generated, and the overheating prevention effect due to the transpiration of the water retention rainwater is fully exhibited.

  Moreover, by using the carbonized granular material of papermaking sludge as the aggregate forming the concrete layer, the aggregate can be given a high void structure, and the weight can be reduced while enhancing the water retention effect.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 and the like, the plastic tray 1 has a bottom plate 2 and four side plates 3 raised from the four sides of the bottom plate 2 and faces the side plates 3 facing in the front-rear direction in the left-right direction. In a tray space defined by the side plate 3 and the bottom plate 2, a cement 4a, an aggregate 4b, and a kneading material of a water retention material 4c typified by a water-absorbing polymer are closely packed, and a porous concrete layer 4 is placed in the tray. The lining block 5 having an integral composite structure is formed. Therefore, the plastic tray 1 functions as a mold for the porous concrete layer 4.

  The cement 4a functions as an adhesive between the aggregates 4b and an adhesive for the water retaining material 4c, and the water retaining material 4c is a communication gap formed between the aggregates 4b of the porous concrete layer 4 as shown in FIG. 15 is distributed.

  As the water retaining material 4c, in addition to the water-absorbing polymer, one or more plant fibers represented by fly ash, wood flour, and pulp are selectively used. These are held in the communication gap 15 in a state of being condensed by cement.

  The porous concrete layer 4 has a communication gap 15 structure that allows water (rain water and irrigation) received from the upper surface (open-air floor surface) to flow out from the lower surface, and the water retaining material 4 c is held in the communication gap 15.

  As a suitable example, the mixing ratio (weight ratio) of the above cement: granular aggregate: water-absorbing polymer is about 1: 2: 0.07, and cement: granular aggregate: water-absorbing polymer: fly ash (wood flour or The mixing ratio of the plant fiber is about 1: 2: 0.07: 0.05.

  This is mainly composed of cement and granular aggregates, and the mixing ratio of the water-absorbing polymer or / and fly ash is increased or decreased according to the water retention function to be planned, and it is hydrolyzed to form concrete with poor fluidity. Then, it is placed in the plastic tray 1.

  The granular aggregate 4b can be made of gravel, or a granular material obtained by carbonizing paper sludge or slag at a high temperature.

  In particular, paper sludge discharged from a paper mill has a fiber content of about 10 to 20%, and the other is a clay-like material. A granular material obtained by firing and carbonizing this at 1,500 to 1,800 ° C. Used as 4b. The carbonized particulate material of this papermaking sludge has a high void structure, is relatively lightweight, and is useful for water permeability and water retention.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the carbonized granular material of the papermaking sludge uses a granular material having a particle size of 5 to 10 mm as the aggregate 4b, or mainly uses the aggregate 4b made of a large granular material of about 5 to 10 mm. In addition, a small granular material of about 1 to 2 mm is used in combination as the aggregate 4b '.

  That is, the porous concrete layer 4 is formed by kneading the aggregates 4b and 4b 'made of the carbonized granular material of the papermaking sludge with the cement or the like. The small granular material is held in the communication gap 15 formed between the large granular materials and adjusts the size of the gap.

  The large granular material and the small granular material are bonded to each other through cement, and the small granular material is filled in the communication gap 15 to hold the water retaining material 4c between the small granular materials. That is, the small granular material functions as a means for keeping the water retaining material 4 c in the porous concrete layer 4 soundly.

  The porous concrete layer 4 having the above composition is horizontally filled in the plastic tray 1 beyond the opening surface of the tray 1, and the upper end surface of the side plate 3 of the tray 1 is covered with the peripheral edge (four sides) of the porous concrete layer 4. Make the structure covered. Reference numeral 4 ′ denotes an edge porous concrete layer covering the upper edge of the side plate 3 of the tray 1.

  The end surface of the edge porous concrete layer 4 'forms a floor surface with the porous concrete layer 4 in contact with or close to each other when the lining block 5 is placed in close contact with each other. The circulation of moisture between the surface layer portions of the.

  As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 4, etc., the bottom plate 2 of the tray 1 is formed on the inner bottom surface of the plastic tray 1 by bending downward, from the front side plate 3 to the rear side plate 3, or the left side plate. 3 has a number of water retaining grooves 6 that can be opened at both ends from the right side plate 3, and the inside of the water retaining grooves 6 is filled with the porous concrete layer 4 so that rainwater or the like can be retained continuously.

  Also, an installation ridge 7 protruding from the outer bottom surface of the plastic tray 1 by bending the tray bottom plate 2 is provided, and the plastic tray 1 is placed on the outdoor floor base surface 8 with the installation ridge 7. Laying and forming the heat insulating path 9 communicating between the adjacent plastic trays 1, 1 between the installation ridges 7, 7, together with the heat insulation of the downstairs. The water retaining groove 6 and the installation protrusion 7 are formed by bending the tray bottom plate 2 downward.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 5, the engaging means between the adjacent plastic trays 1 and 1 is the same as the convex portion 10 projecting sideways from the side surface of each plastic tray 1. A concave portion 11 that can be recessed into the tray 1 from the side surface is provided, and the lining blocks 5 are laid while fitting the convex portions 10 and the concave portions 11, and the relative positions of the trays 1, that is, the lining blocks 5, are set. As well as securing it, it helps to prevent blow-offs caused by strong winds.

  Further, the side plate 3 of the plastic tray 1 is provided with an opening 12, for example, the opening 12 is provided in each of the side plates 3 facing the recessed portion 11 and the projecting portion 10, and the porous concrete layer 4 exposed from the opening 12. The exposed surfaces of the lining blocks 5 are brought into contact with each other so as to allow the moisture to penetrate each other, so that the water retention in the porous concrete layer 4 of each lining block 5 is made uniform.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the lining block 5 is laid and placed on an open-air floor base surface 8 such as a rooftop to form an open-air floor 14. As an example, as shown in FIG. 9, a slight gradient is provided on the outdoor floor base surface 8, and a large number of the above lining blocks 5 are laid on the outdoor floor base surface 8 having this gradient, whereby the gradient is applied to each lining block 5. On the other hand, an irrigation device 13 is provided at the upper end of the gradient, and water is sprinkled from the irrigation device 13 to the uppermost lining block 5 to cause the water to flow down to the lower end of the gradient and to be in contact with the opening 12. The porous concrete layer 4 is allowed to penetrate the lower porous concrete layer 4 to allow the porous concrete layer 4 of the entire lining block 5 to retain water uniformly.

  A large number of the above-mentioned lining blocks 5 are laid on the outdoor floor base surface 8 with the plastic tray 1, that is, with the installation ridges 7 of the tray 1, and the porous concrete layers of the above-mentioned lining blocks 5. An outdoor floor is formed on the upper surface of 4.

  Rainwater or irrigation permeates into the porous concrete layer 4 of each of the lining blocks 5, and the water that can permeate the concrete layer 4 is retained by the plastic tray 1 while being retained by the water retaining material 4c. The retained water is evaporated through the communication gap 15 and the overheating of the outdoor floor 14 is prevented by the heat of vaporization (heat of evaporation).

  Next, an experimental example will be described. As a test specimen, a mixing ratio (weight ratio) of cement: granular aggregate: water-absorbing polymer was 1: 2: 0.1, and a cube of 100 × 100 × 100 (mm) was covered. When a work block was created and immersed in water, the amount of water retained was measured. Before being immersed in water, the approximately 1 kg block increased to a weight of approximately 1.3 kg, and the retained amount could reach 300 g. Admitted.

  The graph of FIG. 10 shows the comparison between the outside air temperature and the temperature curve S1, the surface temperature curve S2 of the specimen with respect to the outside air temperature, and the surface temperature curve S3 of the concrete slab on the roof not covered with the lining block. As shown in the graph, the surface temperature of the test specimen capable of retaining water remains below 40 ° C., while the slab surface reaches nearly 60 ° C. when the outside air temperature around 12:00 is around 35 ° C., about 20 ° C. A temperature rise inhibitory effect of ℃ was recognized, and a significant temperature drop was generally observed.

  The water retention maintenance performance and moisture evaporation maintenance performance can be further improved by the water shielding performance of the plastic tray 1.

The top view shown with the state which spread | laid several lining blocks which form a block placement open-air floor. The bottom view in the state of the said FIG. The side view in the state of the said FIG. Sectional drawing of the lining block laid down above. The expanded sectional view which shows the said lining block mutual engaging means. The expanded sectional view which shows the water-permeable means and heat insulation path between the said lining blocks. The expanded sectional view of a porous concrete layer. Sectional drawing which outlines the open-air floor formed by laying and laying the said lining block on a rooftop. Sectional drawing which outlines the example which spreads the said lining block with the gradient and provided the irrigation apparatus in the upper end of the gradient. The graph which shows the temperature rise suppression performance by the vaporization heat of the said lining block.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Plastic tray, 2 ... Bottom plate of plastic tray, 3 ... Side plate of plastic tray, 4 ... Porous concrete layer, 4 '... Edge porous concrete layer, 4a ... Cement, 4b, 4b' ... Aggregate, 4c DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Water retaining material, 5 ... Covering block, 6 ... Water retaining groove, 7 ... Installation protrusion, 8 ... Open-air floor base surface, 9 ... Heat insulation path, 10 ... Convex part, 11 ... Concave part, 12 ... Opening, 13 ... Irrigation apparatus, 14 ... Open-air floor, 15 ... Communication gap

Claims (4)

When an open-air floor is formed by laying a large number of lining blocks on the surface of the open-air floor, the lining block has a porous concrete layer with a continuous void structure in the plastic tray, and in the continuous void of the porous concrete layer. A large number of the lining blocks are laid on the surface of the outdoor floor with a plastic tray, and an open-floor surface is formed on the upper surface of the porous concrete layer of each lining block. Alternatively, water is blocked by a plastic tray while irrigating water into the porous concrete layer of each lining block and water is retained by the water retaining material, and the water retained by the water retaining material is evaporated through the communication gap. Convex projecting laterally from the side of each plastic tray as an engaging means between the adjacent plastic trays A recess that can be recessed into the tray from the same side surface is provided, and the lining blocks are placed and laid while fitting the protrusions and the recesses, and the side plates facing the recesses and the protrusions to be fitted together An open-air floor structure with a block laying structure, wherein openings are provided in each of the openings and the exposed surfaces of the porous concrete layer exposed from the openings are in contact with each other to allow moisture to permeate . 2. A block-laying open-air floor structure according to claim 1, wherein a water-absorbing polymer is used as the water-retaining material. 2. The block-laying open-air floor structure according to claim 1, wherein the granular aggregate forming the porous concrete layer is made of carbonized granular material of papermaking sludge. 2. The plastic tray according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of water retention grooves formed by bending a bottom plate of the tray downwardly on the inner bottom surface of the plastic tray, the water retention grooves being filled with the porous concrete layer. Open-air floor structure with blocks.

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