JP3834127B2 - Free-cutting high toughness non-tempered steel - Google Patents
Free-cutting high toughness non-tempered steel Download PDFInfo
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- JP3834127B2 JP3834127B2 JP16354797A JP16354797A JP3834127B2 JP 3834127 B2 JP3834127 B2 JP 3834127B2 JP 16354797 A JP16354797 A JP 16354797A JP 16354797 A JP16354797 A JP 16354797A JP 3834127 B2 JP3834127 B2 JP 3834127B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の所属する技術分野】
本発明は快削高靭性非調質鋼に関するものであり、具体的には、鉛、即ちPbを添加せずとも、Pb添加非調質鋼と同等以上の被削性を有し、且つ靭性にも優れた非調質鋼に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
非調質鋼は焼入れ焼戻し等の熱処理を省略できることから、近年、そのニーズが高く、自動車部品のクランクシャフトや各種足回り部品に採用されている。これらの部品は素材を鍛造等の加工後、形状と寸法を正確にするため機械切削を行うので、素材の快削性が要求される。非調質鋼の快削化を図る場合、従来はS、Ca、Pbといった快削性元素を鋼に添加している。しかしながら、S、Ca は機械的性質を劣化させるため、Pbを添加することが最も多いのが現状である。
【0003】
ところが、Pbは地球環境問題からその使用を抑制される動きが出ている。そこで、これに対応するため、特開平9 −25539号公報はPbを添加しない靭性に優れた快削非調質鋼を提案している。また、従来からも非調質鋼にPb以外の快削性を付与する介在物として窒化ほう素、即ちBNを使用した技術を特開平1 −219148号公報などが提案している。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、特開平9−25539号公報では鋼にある程度の靭性を付与してい
るが、特殊な元素であるNd を用いているため、製造コストが高いという問題がある。また、Pb添加鋼が有するような切り屑処理性を備えているかどうかに問題がある。
【0005】
また、特開平1−219148号公報では鋼にBNを析出させ、快削性の付与を図っているが、VまたはNb を含有しているため、NがVまたはNbと結合し、BNの析出が抑制されるので、快削性に疑問がある。同時に、前記技術と同様にPb添加鋼のような切り屑処理性を備えているかどうかに疑念がある。
【0006】
そこで、本発明は上記した問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、Pbを添加せずともPb添加非調質鋼と同等以上の切り屑処理性を含む被削性を有し、且つ靭性にも優れた快削高靭性非調質鋼を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記の課題達成のために、まず、非調質鋼に快削性及び靱性を付与する技術について鋭意検討した結果、下記の発明をするに至った。
【0008】
本発明は、wt%の成分組成が、C:0.30%から0.55%、Si:0.10〜1.0%、Mn:1.0〜2.5%、S:0.01(但し0.01%を除く)〜0.07%、Al:0.01〜0.05%、B:0.005〜0.015%、N:(0.006+B/0.77)〜0.03%、B/N:0.4以上で、残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とする快削高靭性非調質鋼であり、快削性と靭性に優れた非調質鋼を目的とする。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は以下のような基本的原理に基づいている。
(1)炭素鋼にB及びNを適量添加することにより、切り屑処理性を含めた被削性を付与する。
(2)従来の非調質鋼にはV、Nb 、Tiを添加するが、BNの析出が抑制されるため、本発明ではこれらの元素は添加しない。
【0010】
(3)JIS G 4051 に規定する機械構造用炭素鋼であるS45C〜S58Cの焼入れ焼戻しした状態に相当する鋼材を目的とする場合には、焼入れ焼戻し後の機械的性質の参考値として記載されている衝撃値(uE20)として59 J/cm2 以上が必要である。そこで、B、Nを添加した鋼の高靭化を行う必要があり、BとNとを添加した鋼において、衝撃試験を行なった。その結果、図1に示すような結果が得られた。即ち計算上の固溶窒素、即ちフリーN=N−B/0.77が0.006%以上であると衝撃値(uE20)が59 J/cm2 以上となる。
【0011】
(4)また、上記炭素鋼の被削性を確保する点から、B/N:0.4以上とする。B/Nが0.4 未満では析出するBN量が確保できず、被削性が劣るため、0.4以上とする。
【0012】
その他の成分組成の範囲は以下の通りである。
C:0.30〜0.55% とする。
Cは必要な引張強度を確保するために必要であり、0.30%未満では必要な引張強度を得るのに他の合金元素を多量に添加する必要があり、また、0.55%を超えるとパーライトの量が多くなりすぎて被削性及び靭性が劣化するので、0.30%以上0.55%以下とした。
【0013】
Si:0.10〜1.0 %とする。
Siは脱酸材として0.10%以上必要であるが、1.0%を超えるとフェライトが硬化して被削性及び靭性が劣化するため、0.10%以上1.0%以下とする。
【0014】
Mn:1.0〜2.5 %とする。
Mnは必要な引張強度を確保するために必要であり、1.0%未満では必要な引張強度が得られず、2.5%を超えるとパーライトの量が多くなりすぎて被削性及び靭性が劣化するため、1.0 %以上2.5 %以下とした。
【0015】
S:0.01〜0.07% とする。
SはMnSの形で介在物として存在し、被削性向上に有効である。0.01%未満ではその効果がなく、0.07%を超えるとMnSが多くなり、機械的性質が劣化するため、0.01%以上0.07%以下とする。
【0016】
B:0.005 〜0.015 % とする。
Bは鋼中でNと結合し、BN(窒化ほう素)となり、被削性を向上させる。被削性の向上に有効な範囲はN量とB/N比にも依存するが、0.005 %未満ではBN量が確保できず、また、0.015 %を超えると熱間加工性が劣化するため、0.005 %以上0.015 %以下とする。
【0017】
N:(0.006+B/0.77)〜0.03% とする。
Nは鋼中にてBと結合し、BN(窒化ほう素)となり、被削性を向上させる。また、フリーNとして存在することによって靭性を向上させる。被削性の向上に有効な範囲はB量とB/N比に依存するが、(0.006+B/0.77)%未満では被削性が劣るとともに、フリーNが確保できなくなり靭性が劣る。ここで、B/0.77は、Bと結合するNに相当する。一方、0.03%を超えると例えば気泡が発生し、鋳造性が劣化するため、(0.006+B/0.77)%以上0.03%以下とする。
【0018】
B/N:0.4以上とする。
B/Nが0.4 未満ではBN量が確保できず、被削性が劣化するため、0.4以上とする。
【0019】
Al:0.01〜0.05% とする。
Alは鋼の脱酸に必要な元素であり、0.01%未満では効果がなく、0.05%を超えると効果が飽和するため、0.01%以上0.05%以下とする。
【0020】
【実施例】
次に本発明の実施例について説明する。
図2として示す表1に記載した成分組成の鋼を150kg真空溶解炉で溶製し、熱間鍛造にて70mm丸棒に加工し、その後、熱間鍛造をシミュレートするため、1100℃×2 時間の焼ならしを行った。なお、比較鋼の一部は焼入れ焼戻しを行った。
【0021】
引張試験及び衝撃試験は上記丸棒の中間部(1/4 d(d:直径))からそれぞれJIS4号試験片、JIS3号試験片を採取して行った。切削試験として超硬スローアウェイチップ(ISO/TC20/GT9に規定する名称でP20)を用いた工具寿命と切り屑処理性を目的とする旋削試験、ハイスドリル(2mm径)を用いた深穴加工試験を行った。
【0022】
工具寿命試験の条件は下記のとおりである。
切削速度=150 m/min
送り=0.2 mm/rev
切り込み=2.0 mm
切削油=なし
評価方法は、切削時間30分後のすくい面摩耗量を測定した。
【0023】
切り屑処理性試験の条件は下記の通りである。
切削速度=30〜200 m/minの5条件
送り=0.05〜0.29mm/revの5条件
切り込み=2.0 mm
切削油=なし
評価方法は、上記全25条件中連続状の切り屑(長さ1mm以上の切り屑)の生成する条件数が9条件以下を良好(○)とした。
また、全25条件中連続状切り屑の生成する条件数が10条件以上を不良(×)とした。
【0024】
深穴加工性試験の条件は下記の通りである。
回転数=1158rpm
送り=0.024 mm/rev
切削油=油性
試験片の厚さ=10mm(直径70mm丸棒を10mm長さに切断したもの)
評価はステップバック数(所定のトルクを感知するとドリルがバックし、再び穴あけを行い、試験材を貫通するまでのバック回数)を求めることにより行った。
【0025】
図3として示す表2に結果を示す。本発明鋼はいずれも良好な被削性と靱性をを有しており、比較鋼No.14(Pb添加非調質鋼)と同等以上である。また、従来鋼である比較鋼No.15(Pb添加調質鋼)よりも良好でもある。
【0026】
一方、比較鋼No.7 はCが本発明範囲からはずれて、被削性と靭性が低い。比較鋼No.8はSiが本発明範囲からはずれて、切り屑処理性は良好であるが、被削性と靱性をが劣化している。比較鋼No.9 はMnが本発明範囲からはずれて、被削性と靱性が劣化している。
【0027】
比較鋼No.10はSが本発明範囲からはずれて、工具寿命と深穴加工性が劣化している。比較鋼No.11はBが本発明範囲からはずれて、被削性と靱性が劣化している。比較鋼No.12はNが本発明範囲からはずれて、被削性と靱性が劣化している。比較鋼No.13はB/Nが本発明範囲からはずれて、靱性は良好であるが、被削性が劣化している。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上述べた通り、本発明鋼は、Pbを添加しなくとも、Pb添加非調質鋼と同等以上の被削性と優れた靭性を有する非調質鋼であり、地球環境問題にも配慮した環境に優しい非調質鋼である。よって、産業上きわめて有用な発明である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】炭素鋼における固溶窒素量と靱性値との関係を示す図である。
【図2】本発明鋼と比較鋼の成分組成を表1として示す図である。
【図3】本発明鋼と比較鋼の機械的性質と被削性を表2として示す図である。[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a free-cutting high-toughness non-tempered steel, and more specifically, it has machinability equivalent to or better than Pb-added non-tempered steel without adding lead, that is, Pb, and toughness It also relates to excellent non-heat treated steel.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Since non-heat treated steel can omit heat treatment such as quenching and tempering, its needs are high in recent years and it has been adopted for crankshafts of automobile parts and various undercarriage parts. Since these parts are machine-cut to make the shape and dimensions accurate after the material is processed, such as forging, the material must be free-cutting. In the case of achieving free cutting of non-tempered steel, conventionally, free cutting elements such as S, Ca and Pb are added to the steel. However, since S and Ca deteriorate mechanical properties, Pb is most often added at present.
[0003]
However, Pb is being used to suppress its use due to global environmental problems. In order to cope with this, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-25539 proposes a free-cutting non-heat treated steel excellent in toughness without adding Pb. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-219148 has proposed a technique using boron nitride, that is, BN as an inclusion for imparting free-cutting properties other than Pb to non-heat treated steel.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-25539 gives a certain degree of toughness to the steel, but there is a problem that the production cost is high because Nd which is a special element is used. In addition, there is a problem as to whether or not it has the chip disposal property that Pb-added steel has.
[0005]
In addition, in JP-A-1-219148, BN is precipitated in steel to impart free-cutting properties. However, since V or Nb is contained, N is combined with V or Nb to precipitate BN. Is suppressed, so there is a question about free-cutting ability. At the same time, there is a suspicion as to whether or not it has chip disposal like Pb-added steel, as in the above-described technique.
[0006]
Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has machinability including chip processing ability equal to or higher than that of Pb-added non-heat treated steel without adding Pb, and The object is to provide a free-cutting high-toughness non-tempered steel with excellent toughness.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors first made extensive studies on a technique for imparting free-cutting properties and toughness to non-tempered steel. As a result, the inventors have made the following invention.
[0008]
In the present invention, the component composition of wt% is C: 0.30% to 0.55%, Si: 0.10 to 1.0%, Mn: 1.0 to 2.5%, S: 0.01 (Excluding 0.01%) to 0.07%, Al: 0.01 to 0.05%, B: 0.005 to 0.015%, N: (0.006 + B / 0.77) to 0 .03%, B / N: 0.4 or higher, a non-heat balance with excellent Ah is, free-cutting and toughness in free-cutting high toughness non heat-treated steel characterized by consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities For quality steel.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is based on the following basic principle.
(1) By adding appropriate amounts of B and N to carbon steel, machinability including chip treatability is imparted.
(2) V, Nb, and Ti are added to the conventional non-tempered steel, but since precipitation of BN is suppressed, these elements are not added in the present invention.
[0010]
(3) When the steel material corresponding to the quenched and tempered state of S45C to S58C, which is the carbon steel for machine structure specified in JIS G 4051, is used as a reference value for mechanical properties after quenching and tempering. The required impact value (uE20) is 59 J / cm 2 or more. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the toughness of the steel added with B and N, and an impact test was performed on the steel added with B and N. As a result, a result as shown in FIG. 1 was obtained. That is, if the calculated solid solution nitrogen, that is, free N = NB / 0.77 is 0.006% or more, the impact value (uE20) is 59 J / cm 2 or more.
[0011]
(4) Further, from the viewpoint of securing the machinability of the carbon steel, B / N: 0.4 or more. If B / N is less than 0.4, the amount of precipitated BN cannot be ensured and the machinability is inferior.
[0012]
The range of other component compositions is as follows.
C: 0.30 to 0.55%.
C is necessary to ensure the necessary tensile strength. If it is less than 0.30%, it is necessary to add a large amount of other alloy elements to obtain the required tensile strength. If it exceeds 0.55%, the amount of pearlite is required. Therefore, the machinability and toughness deteriorate due to excessive increase, so the content was made 0.30% to 0.55%.
[0013]
Si: 0.10 to 1.0%.
Si needs to be 0.10% or more as a deoxidizing material. However, if it exceeds 1.0%, ferrite hardens and machinability and toughness deteriorate, so 0.10% to 1.0%.
[0014]
Mn: 1.0 to 2.5%.
Mn is necessary to ensure the necessary tensile strength. If it is less than 1.0%, the required tensile strength cannot be obtained. If it exceeds 2.5%, the amount of pearlite increases too much and the machinability and toughness deteriorate. 1.0% to 2.5%.
[0015]
S: 0.01 to 0.07%.
S exists as an inclusion in the form of MnS and is effective in improving machinability. If it is less than 0.01%, there is no effect, and if it exceeds 0.07%, MnS increases and mechanical properties deteriorate, so 0.01% or more and 0.07% or less.
[0016]
B: Set to 0.005 to 0.015%.
B combines with N in the steel to form BN (boron nitride), improving machinability. The effective range for improving the machinability depends on the N amount and the B / N ratio, but if it is less than 0.005%, the BN amount cannot be secured, and if it exceeds 0.015%, the hot workability deteriorates. 0.005% or more and 0.015% or less.
[0017]
N: (0.006 + B / 0.77) to 0.03%.
N combines with B in the steel to form BN (boron nitride), improving machinability. Moreover, toughness is improved by existing as free N. The effective range for improving the machinability depends on the B amount and the B / N ratio, but if it is less than (0.006 + B / 0.77)%, the machinability is inferior and free N cannot be secured and the toughness is inferior. Here, B / 0.77 corresponds to N combined with B. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.03%, for example, bubbles are generated and the castability deteriorates. Therefore, the content is set to (0.006 + B / 0.77)% or more and 0.03% or less.
[0018]
B / N: 0.4 or more.
If B / N is less than 0.4, the amount of BN cannot be secured, and the machinability deteriorates.
[0019]
Al: 0.01 to 0.05%.
Al is an element necessary for deoxidation of steel, and if it is less than 0.01%, there is no effect, and if it exceeds 0.05%, the effect is saturated, so 0.01% or more and 0.05% or less.
[0020]
【Example】
Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
The steel with the composition shown in Table 1 shown in Fig. 2 is melted in a 150kg vacuum melting furnace, processed into a 70mm round bar by hot forging, and then 1100 ° C x 2 to simulate hot forging. Normalized for hours. A part of the comparative steel was quenched and tempered.
[0021]
The tensile test and the impact test were conducted by collecting JIS No. 4 test piece and JIS No. 3 test piece from the middle part (1/4 d (d: diameter)) of the round bar. As a cutting test, a turning test using a carbide throw-away tip (P20 as defined in ISO / TC20 / GT9) for the purpose of tool life and chip disposal, and a deep hole processing test using a high-speed drill (2 mm diameter) Went.
[0022]
The conditions for the tool life test are as follows.
Cutting speed = 150 m / min
Feed = 0.2 mm / rev
Cutting depth = 2.0 mm
Cutting oil = None The evaluation method was to measure the wear amount of the rake face after 30 minutes of cutting time.
[0023]
The conditions for the chip disposal test are as follows.
Cutting speed = 30 to 200 m / min, 5 condition feed = 0.05 to 0.29 mm / rev, 5 condition cutting = 2.0 mm
Cutting oil = None Evaluation method was good (◯) when the number of conditions for generating continuous chips (chips having a length of 1 mm or more) among all 25 conditions was 9 or less.
Moreover, the condition number which the continuous chip | tip produces | generates among all 25 conditions made 10 conditions or more the defect (x).
[0024]
The conditions of the deep hole workability test are as follows.
Rotation speed = 1158rpm
Feed = 0.024 mm / rev
Cutting oil = thickness of oily test piece = 10 mm (70 mm diameter round bar cut to 10 mm length)
The evaluation was performed by obtaining the number of step backs (the number of backs until the drill is backed, drilled again and penetrates the test material when a predetermined torque is detected).
[0025]
The results are shown in Table 2 shown in FIG. All of the steels of the present invention have good machinability and toughness, and are equal to or better than the comparative steel No. 14 (Pb-added non-heat treated steel). It is also better than the comparative steel No. 15 (Pb-added tempered steel) which is a conventional steel.
[0026]
On the other hand, in comparative steel No. 7, C deviates from the scope of the present invention and has low machinability and toughness. Comparative steel No. In No. 8, Si deviates from the scope of the present invention, and chip disposal is good, but machinability and toughness are deteriorated. In the comparative steel No. 9, Mn is out of the scope of the present invention, and machinability and toughness are deteriorated.
[0027]
In Comparative Steel No. 10, S is out of the scope of the present invention, and tool life and deep hole workability are deteriorated. In comparative steel No. 11, B is out of the scope of the present invention, and machinability and toughness are deteriorated. In comparative steel No. 12, N is out of the scope of the present invention, and machinability and toughness are deteriorated. In Comparative Steel No. 13, B / N is out of the scope of the present invention and the toughness is good, but the machinability is deteriorated.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the steel of the present invention is a non-heat treated steel having machinability equal to or better than that of a Pb-added non-heat treated steel and excellent toughness even without the addition of Pb, taking into consideration global environmental problems. It is an environmentally friendly non-tempered steel. Therefore, it is an industrially very useful invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of dissolved nitrogen and the toughness value in carbon steel.
FIG. 2 is a table showing the composition of the steel of the present invention and the comparative steel as Table 1.
FIG. 3 is a table showing the mechanical properties and machinability of the steel of the present invention and the comparative steel as Table 2.
Claims (1)
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JP16354797A JP3834127B2 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1997-06-06 | Free-cutting high toughness non-tempered steel |
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JP16354797A JP3834127B2 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1997-06-06 | Free-cutting high toughness non-tempered steel |
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JPH111741A JPH111741A (en) | 1999-01-06 |
JP3834127B2 true JP3834127B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
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---|---|---|---|---|
JP4544442B2 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2010-09-15 | Jfe条鋼株式会社 | Free cutting high toughness case hardening steel |
JP4986203B2 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2012-07-25 | Jfe条鋼株式会社 | BN free-cutting steel with excellent tool life |
JP5461929B2 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2014-04-02 | Jfe条鋼株式会社 | BN free-cutting steel with excellent chip disposal |
JP6103746B2 (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2017-03-29 | 国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構 | Free-cutting iron shape memory alloy |
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1997
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