JP3803493B2 - Hybrid vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To ensure the transmission ratio of sufficient range without increasing the size of a generator or a motor in a hybrid vehicle in which the drive force of an internal combustion engine to the generator and a drive ring through a planetary gear mechanism, and the power generated by the generator is supplied to the motor to drive the drive ring. SOLUTION: A planetary carrier 1 of a planetary gear mechanism P is connected to a crank shaft 5 of an internal combustion engine E, a sun gear 2 is connected to a generator GM, and a ring gear 3 is connected to a main shaft 6 of a transmission T. The transmission ratio of sufficient amplitude can be ensured without employing the large generator GM capable of absorbing the large load, or without employing large motors GML, GMR which can be main drive sources by jointly applying the control of the transmission ratio to regulate the differential quantity of the planetary gear mechanism P by changing the load of the generator GM and the control of the transmission ratio by the transmission T connected to this planetary gear mechanism P in series.

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hybrid vehicle that transmits driving force of an internal combustion engine to a generator and driving wheels via a planetary gear mechanism, and supplies electric power generated by the generator to an electric motor to drive the driving wheels.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Such a hybrid vehicle is already known, for example, from JP-A-9-175203. The hybrid vehicle uses a planetary gear mechanism as power transmission means. A planetary carrier is connected to an internal combustion engine, a sun gear is connected to a generator, and a ring gear is connected to drive wheels. Then, the rotation of the internal combustion engine is transmitted to the drive wheels to travel, and the rotation of the internal combustion engine is transmitted to the generator to generate power, and the generated power is supplied to the motor to drive the drive wheels. .
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the above-mentioned conventional one changes the distribution ratio in which the driving force of the internal combustion engine is distributed to the generator and the drive wheels by changing the load of the generator connected to the planetary gear mechanism (that is, the generated power of the generator). In addition to controlling, the speed ratio of the driving force transmitted from the internal combustion engine to the driving wheels is controlled. However, if it is intended to ensure a sufficient range of the gear ratio, a large generator capable of absorbing a large load is required, which not only increases cost and weight, but also reduces the efficiency of the generator in practical use. There's a problem.
[0004]
In order to avoid this, it is conceivable to reduce the size of the internal combustion engine and the generator and increase the size of the electric motor, and drive the driving wheels using the electric motor as a main driving source to ensure a large apparent gear ratio. If the electric motor is increased in size, the electric motor may not be able to continuously generate sufficient output depending on the remaining capacity of the capacitor and the battery.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and transmits the driving force of the internal combustion engine to the generator and the driving wheel via the planetary gear mechanism, and supplies the electric power generated by the generator to the electric motor to drive the driving wheel. An object of the present invention is to ensure a sufficiently wide transmission ratio without increasing the size of a generator or an electric motor in a hybrid vehicle that drives.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 divides the output of the internal combustion engine into two by a planetary gear mechanism, drives an output shaft connected to the drive wheels, and a generator, In a hybrid vehicle that drives an electric motor connected to drive wheels with electric power generated by the generator, power storage means capable of storing electric power generated by the electric generator and the electric motor having a power generation function, and the output shaft And a lockup clutch that locks the planetary gear mechanism and directly connects the internal combustion engine to the output shaft, and the electric motor does not go through the transmission. is connected to the drive wheel so as to drive the drive wheels, when the start of the vehicle, vehicle by the driving force of the motor in a state where the shift position of the transmission and the and the internal combustion engine is in neutral stops Is starting and after the starting is completed, the shift position of the transmission enters into the lock-up clutch while in neutral, the internal combustion by driving the generator as a starter motor by the power of the power storage means It is characterized by starting the engine.
[0007]
According to the above configuration, the control of the transmission ratio that adjusts the differential amount of the planetary gear mechanism by changing the load of the generator and the control of the transmission ratio by the transmission connected in series with the planetary gear mechanism are used in combination. By doing so, it is possible to ensure a sufficient gear ratio without employing a large generator capable of absorbing a large load and without employing a large electric motor that can be a main drive source.
[0008]
In addition, since the planetary gear mechanism is locked and a lockup clutch is provided for directly connecting the internal combustion engine to the output shaft, the planetary gear mechanism is connected directly to the output shaft of the planetary gear mechanism by fastening the lockup clutch. The gear mechanism can be locked so as not to be differentially transmitted, and the output of the internal combustion engine can be directly transmitted to the transmission to improve the sudden start performance and the rapid acceleration performance. Further, at the time of starting the vehicle, transmission shift position can to start the by Ri vehicle driving force of the electric motor in a state in which was a and the internal combustion engine is in neutral stopping of and after the starting is completed, the transmission The internal combustion engine can be started by engaging the lockup clutch while keeping the shift position in the neutral position and driving the generator as a starting motor with the electric power of the power storage means.
[0009]
In the present invention, the shift position of the transmission refers to the actual gear position of the transmission. In this embodiment, the front wheels W _FL and W _FR are drive wheels.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the embodiments of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawings.
[0011]
1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a hybrid vehicle, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 1, and FIG.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 1, the front-wheel drive hybrid vehicle V includes left and right front wheels W _FL and W _{FR as} driving wheels and left and right rear wheels W _RL and W _{RR as} driven wheels. A planetary gear mechanism P, a transmission T, and left and right electric motors GM _L and GM _R are disposed between the front wheels W _FL and W _FR . The driving force of the internal combustion engine E is divided into two by the planetary gear mechanism P. On the other hand, the front wheels W _FL and W _FR are driven, and the generator GM is driven on the other side. The left and right motors GM _L and GM _R individually drive the left and right front wheels W _FL and W _FR , respectively. Generator GM has also functions as a starter motor and consists generator motor, also a motor GM _L, GM _R is also functions as a generator and consists of the generator motor. The generator GM and the motors GM _L and GM _R are connected to a capacitor C as a power storage unit via a power drive unit U formed of an inverter. The power drive unit U controls the drive and regeneration of the generator GM and the motors GM _L and GM _R according to a command from an electronic control unit (not shown).
[0013]
2, the planetary gear mechanism P includes a planetary carrier 1, a sun gear 2, a ring gear 3, and a plurality of planetary gears 4 meshed with the sun gear 2 and the ring gear 3. The planetary carrier 1 is connected to the crankshaft 5 of the internal combustion engine E, the sun gear 2 is connected to the generator GM, and the ring gear 3 is connected to the main shaft 6 of the transmission T constituting the output shaft of the planetary gear mechanism P. The planetary carrier 1 and the ring gear 3 can be connected by a lock-up clutch L. When the lock-up clutch L is engaged, the planetary gear mechanism P is locked and the crankshaft 5 of the internal combustion engine E is connected to the main body of the transmission T. Directly connected to the shaft 6.
[0014]
The transmission T is used for a general gasoline vehicle. For example, four forward speeds and one reverse speed can be established. Then, the planetary gear mechanism P and the generator GM are mounted in place of the torque converter at the position where the torque converter of the transmission for gasoline vehicles is mounted.
[0015]
Next, the operation of the embodiment of the present invention having the above-described configuration will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, the direction in which torque is transmitted is indicated by black arrows, and the direction in which current flows is indicated by white arrows.
[0016]
1) Starting When the hybrid vehicle V starts, the internal combustion engine E is stopped, and the left and right electric motors GM _L and GM _R are driven via the capacitor C and the power drive unit U to start. At this time, by setting the shift position of the transmission T to neutral, the driving force of the motors GM _L and GM _R is prevented from being transmitted to the internal combustion engine E, and the electric motors GM _L and GM _R due to the pumping loss of the internal combustion engine E are prevented. An increase in load can be avoided. Thus, since the hybrid vehicle V is started by the electric motors GM _L and GM _{R having} a large low-speed torque as compared with the internal combustion engine E, a smooth start can be achieved. If the remaining capacity of the capacitor C is not sufficient at the time of starting, it is possible to start using the driving force of the internal combustion engine E without driving the left and right motors GM _L and GM _R.
[0017]
2) During normal driving When starting is completed, the generator GM is caused to function as a starting motor and the internal combustion engine E is started. That is, when the lockup clutch L is engaged and the generator GM is driven by the power of the capacitor C while the shift position of the transmission T is kept neutral, the internal combustion engine E is cranked and started.
[0018]
When the internal combustion engine E is started, the driving force is divided into two by the planetary gear mechanism P, and one of the two divided driving forces is transmitted from the crankshaft 5, the planetary carrier 1, the planetary gear 4,..., The ring gear 3 and the main shaft 6. The vehicle is transmitted to the left and right front wheels W _FL and W _FR via T, and the hybrid vehicle V runs with the driving force of the internal combustion engine E. The other of the two driving forces is transmitted to the generator GM through the crankshaft 5, the planetary carrier 1, the planetary gear 4,... And the sun gear 2, and the capacitor C is charged with the electric power generated by the generator GM. The left and right electric motors GM _L and GM _R are driven to assist the driving force of the internal combustion engine E.
[0019]
At this time, the magnitude of the driving force transmitted from the internal combustion engine E to the front wheels W _FL and W _FR by changing the differential amount of the planetary gear mechanism P by adjusting the load of the generator GM (that is, generated power). And the gear ratio can be controlled. Note that if the gear ratio is controlled only by adjusting the load of the generator GM, an extremely large-capacity generator GM is required, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost and weight. In this embodiment, the generator GM is disadvantageous. By performing both the load adjustment and the gear shift of the transmission T, it is possible to ensure a wide range of gear ratios without increasing the capacity of the generator GM more than necessary.
[0020]
It is also conceivable to increase the apparent gear ratio by covering the main drive source of the vehicle V with the electric motors GM _L and GM _R instead of the internal combustion engine E, but this requires the large electric motors GM _L and GM _R. In addition, depending on the remaining capacity of the capacitor C, the motors GM _L and GM _R may not be able to continuously generate sufficient output. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the motors GM _L and GM _R do not need to be enlarged more than necessary, and thus the above problem does not occur. Further, by giving a difference in the driving force between the left and right electric motors GM _L and GM _R , the turning performance and the straight running stability performance can be enhanced by controlling the yaw moment of the vehicle V. In this case, it is possible to drive one of the left and right electric motors GM _L and GM _R and regenerate the other.
[0021]
3) During cruise When the vehicle V is cruised, the assist by the left and right electric motors GM _L and GM _R is stopped and the vehicle travels only with the driving force of the internal combustion engine E. At this time, the lock-up clutch L is engaged to bring the internal combustion engine E and the transmission T into a directly connected state, and the generator GM is idled to stop power generation, or the generator GM performs some power generation to drive auxiliary equipment. Charge a 12 volt battery for use. When the lock-up clutch L is engaged, the internal combustion engine E is directly connected to the transmission T. Therefore, sudden start and rapid acceleration can be performed with the driving force of the internal combustion engine E. At this time, the left and right electric motors GM _L , GM _{If R} is driven to assist the internal combustion engine E, further sudden start and rapid acceleration are possible.
[0022]
4) During shift control When the transmission T is shifted, the lockup clutch L is released and the generator GM is regeneratively braked, or the generator GM is driven as an electric motor so that the main shaft 6 of the transmission T Controls the number of revolutions to reduce the shock during shifting.
[0023]
5) During deceleration During deceleration, the left and right electric motors GM _L and GM _R are driven by the driving force reversely transmitted from the front wheels W _FL and W _FR to function as a generator, and the capacitor C is charged with the regenerated electromotive force. At this time, the lockup clutch L can be engaged to regeneratively brake the generator GM, and the capacitor C can be charged with the regenerative electromotive force.
[0024]
6) Reverse travel If the internal combustion engine E is in operation, the transmission T can be shifted to the reverse shift stage and the reverse travel can be performed with the driving force of the internal combustion engine E. Further, when the internal combustion engine E is stopped, the left and right electric motors GM _L and GM _R can be reversely driven by the electric power of the capacitor C to perform reverse travel.
[0025]
Next, a reference example will be described based on FIG. 4 and FIG.
[0026]
In the hybrid vehicle V of the above embodiment, the left and right motors GM _L and GM _R drive the left and right front wheels W _FL and W _FR , respectively, whereas the hybrid vehicle V of the reference example includes the left and right motors GM _L , GM _R drives the left and right rear wheels W _RL and W _RR , respectively. Therefore, the front wheels W _FL and W _FR and the rear wheels W _RL and W _RR are all driven wheels and can be driven by four wheels. Reducers 11 _L and 11 _R using planetary gear mechanisms are arranged between the left and right motors GM _L and GM _R and the left and right rear wheels W _RL and W _RR , respectively.
[0027]
The transmission T of the reference example has been developed exclusively for the hybrid vehicle V, and can perform two forward shifts and is not provided with a reverse shift stage. That is, the first speed drive gear 12 is fixed to the main shaft 6 of the transmission T, and the second speed drive gear 13 is supported via the speed change clutch 14. A first-speed driven gear 16 that meshes with the first-speed drive gear 12 is supported on the counter shaft 15 of the transmission T via a one-way clutch 17, and a second-speed driven gear 18 that meshes with the second-speed drive gear 13 is fixed. Is done. A final drive gear 19 fixed to the counter shaft 15 of the transmission T meshes with a final driven gear 21 provided in the differential 20. Further, a two-way clutch 22 is provided on the crankshaft 5 of the internal combustion engine E. The two-way clutch 22 can transmit the driving force of the internal combustion engine E to the planetary gear mechanism P side, and the forward rotation and reverse rotation of the planetary carrier 1 of the planetary gear mechanism P are both reversed to the internal combustion engine E side. It is intended not to be transmitted.
[0028]
The structure of the planetary gear mechanism P and the generator GM is the same as that of the above-described embodiment.
[0029]
Thus, in a state where the transmission clutch 14 of the transmission T is released, the rotation of the main shaft 6 of the transmission T is transferred to the counter shaft 15 via the first speed drive gear 12, the one-way clutch 17 and the first speed driven gear 16. The first speed is established. When the transmission clutch 14 of the transmission T is engaged, the rotation of the main shaft 6 is transmitted to the counter shaft 15 via the transmission clutch 14, the second speed drive gear 13 and the second speed driven gear 18. A gear position is established. At this time, the one-way clutch 17 does not slip and does not prevent the establishment of the second gear.
[0030]
Further, since this transmission T does not have a reverse shift stage, the left and right rear wheels W _RL and W _RR are driven in reverse by the left and right electric motors GM _L and GM _R without using the internal combustion engine E for reverse travel. Is done. At this time, the driving force of the front wheels W _FL and W _FR rotating in reverse is the differential 20, the final driven gear 21, the final drive gear 19, the counter shaft 15, the one-way clutch 17, the first speed driven gear 16, the first speed drive gear 12, the main shaft 6 , The ring gear 3, the planetary gear 4 ... and the planetary carrier 1 are reversely transmitted to the crankshaft 5 to reversely rotate the crankshaft 5, but the two-way clutch 22 slips and the internal combustion engine E rotates reversely. Can be prevented.
[0031]
Thus, also in this reference example, the magnitude of the driving force transmitted from the internal combustion engine E to the front wheels W _FL and W _FR is adjusted by adjusting the load of the generator GM to change the differential amount of the planetary gear mechanism P. In addition to controlling the transmission ratio, the transmission T can be shifted together to ensure a wide range of transmission ratios without increasing the capacity of the generator GM more than necessary. Moreover, it left and right front wheels W _FL in the internal combustion engine E, a W _FR driven, the left and right motor GM _L, the right and left rear wheels in GM _R W _RL, so to drive the W _RR, rough terrain and enables the four-wheel drive It is possible to improve the running performance in the etc.
[0032]
As mentioned above, although the Example of this invention was explained in full detail, this invention can perform a various design change in the range which does not deviate from the summary.
[0033]
For example, the three elements of the planetary gear mechanism P, the sun gear 2 and the ring gear 3 of the planetary gear mechanism P can be connected to the three elements of the internal combustion engine E, the generator GM and the main shaft 6 in any combination. A battery may be employed in place of the capacitor C. The motors GM _L and GM _R are not necessarily generator motors, and may be simple motors.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the control of the transmission ratio that adjusts the differential amount of the planetary gear mechanism by changing the load of the generator, and the transmission ratio of the transmission connected in series with the planetary gear mechanism. Combined with control, it ensures a sufficient gear ratio without using a large generator that can absorb a large load and without using a large motor that can be the main drive source. be able to.
[0035]
In addition, by engaging the lock-up clutch and directly connecting the internal combustion engine to the output shaft of the planetary gear mechanism, the planetary gear mechanism is locked so as not to be differentially transmitted, and the output of the internal combustion engine is directly transmitted to the transmission, and the sudden start performance And rapid acceleration performance can be improved. Further, at the time of starting the vehicle, transmission shift position can to start the by Ri vehicle driving force of the electric motor in a state in which was a and the internal combustion engine is in neutral stopping of and after the starting is completed, the transmission The internal combustion engine can be started by engaging the lockup clutch while keeping the shift position in the neutral position and driving the generator as a starting motor with the electric power of the power storage means.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a hybrid vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of operation. FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG.
C capacitor (electric storage means)
E internal combustion engine GM generator GM _L motor GM _R motor L lockup clutch P planetary gear mechanism T transmission W _FL front wheel (drive wheel)
W _FR front wheel (drive wheel)
6 Main shaft (output shaft)

Claims (1)

While the output of the internal combustion engine (E) is divided into two by the planetary gear mechanism (P), the output shaft (6) connected to the drive wheels (W _FL , W _FR ) and the generator (GM) are driven. In a hybrid vehicle that drives electric motors (GM _L , GM _R ) connected to driving wheels (W _FL , W _FR ) with electric power generated by the generator (GM),
Power storage means (C) capable of storing the electric power generated by the generator (GM) and the electric motors (GM _L , GM _R ) having a power generation function, and the rotation of the output shaft (6) are driven at different speeds. A transmission (T) for transmitting to the wheels (W _FL , W _FR ) and a lock-up clutch (L) for locking the planetary gear mechanism (P) and directly connecting the internal combustion engine (E) to the output shaft (6) And
The electric motors (GM _L , GM _R ) are connected to the drive wheels (W _FL , W _FR ) so as to drive the drive wheels (W _FL , W _FR ) without going through the transmission (T) ,
When starting the vehicle, the vehicle is started by the driving force of the electric motor (GM _L , GM _R ) in a state where the shift position of the transmission (T) is set to neutral and the internal combustion engine (E) is stopped ,
After the start is completed, the lockup clutch (L) is engaged with the shift position of the transmission (T) being neutral, and the generator (GM) is started with the electric power of the power storage means (C). A hybrid vehicle, wherein the internal combustion engine (E) is started by being driven as an electric motor.

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