JP3802099B2 - Ventilator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a ventilator, and more particularly to a ventilator provided with a spontaneous breathing circuit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 4 shows a conventional example. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 51 indicates an intake circuit that supplies air to the mouth of the patient P via the monitor port 50, and reference numeral 52 indicates an exhalation circuit that discharges air discharged from the patient P to the outside. Reference numeral 53 denotes a breathing vibration generating means that is attached to the inspiratory circuit 51 and forces the patient P to perform a predetermined breathing motion. The breathing vibration generating means 53 is provided with a spontaneous breathing circuit 54.
[0003]
The breathing vibration generating means 53 is energized by the blower 55 that is an air pressure generation source, a rotary valve mechanism 56 that converts the air pressure from the blower 55 into a vibration air pressure of a predetermined period, and the vibration air pressure from the rotary valve mechanism 56. And a diaphragm mechanism 57 that applies oscillating air pressure of a predetermined period to the intake circuit 51 described above. Reference numeral 56 a denotes a rotary valve drive motor that drives the rotary valve mechanism 56. Reference numeral 53A denotes a power source for the rotary valve drive motor 56a, the blower 55, and the like.
[0004]
The diaphragm mechanism 57 includes a pressurizing chamber 57A and a pressurized chamber 57B, and a diaphragm 57C formed of a stretchable member that partitions the pressurized chamber 57A and the pressurized chamber 57B. The uneven operation of the diaphragm 57C is detected by the position sensor 58 and sent to a control unit (not shown) as operation information of the diaphragm 57C.
[0005]
The intake circuit 51 is fed from a blender 51A for sucking and mixing external air and oxygen (O ₂ ) prepared in advance, a humidifier 51B for humidifying the air sent from the blender 51A, and the humidifier 51B. And an intake pipe 51C for guiding the air to the monitor port 50 described above.
[0006]
Then, the respiratory vibration from the diaphragm mechanism 57 described above is applied to the intake pipe 51C, so that the air in the intake circuit 51 is forcibly sent to the patient P.
[0007]
Further, the blower 55 and the rotary valve mechanism 56 described above are communicated by a positive pressure circuit 56A and a negative pressure circuit 56B. The positive pressure circuit 56A has a positive pressure adjusting valve 61 for controlling the magnitude of the positive pressure. The negative pressure circuit 56B is provided with a negative pressure adjusting valve 62 for controlling the magnitude of the negative pressure.
[0008]
The two adjustment valves 61 and 62 can adjust the amount of vibration flow supplied to the patient P and the patient mouth pressure corresponding to the intrapulmonary pressure of the patient P. Specifically, by adjusting the two adjusting valves 61 and 62 simultaneously by the same angle, the pressure balance between the positive pressure side and the negative pressure side of the blower 55 is broken, and thereby the mouth pressure of the patient is adjusted.
[0009]
Further, as described above, the spontaneous breathing circuit 54 is bypassed from the positive pressure side of the blower 55 via the fixed orifice 54a and communicated with the output circuit of the pressurized chamber 57B of the diaphragm mechanism 57. As shown in FIG. 4, a one-way valve 65 and an intake pressure adjustment valve 66 are connected in series to the spontaneous breathing circuit 54. Among these, the intake pressure adjustment valve 66 has a function of reducing and controlling the forced air pressure output from the diaphragm mechanism 57.
[0010]
If the uneven operation of the diaphragm 57C generated during spontaneous breathing is disturbed, this information is immediately detected by the position sensor 58 and sent to a control unit (not shown) as abnormal operation of the diaphragm 57C, that is, spontaneous breathing information. 66 is operated, and the forced air pressure output from the diaphragm mechanism 57 is controlled to be reduced to reduce the burden on the patient during the spontaneous breathing.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional example, for example, when the two adjustment valves 61 and 62 are closed at the time of adjusting the patient's mouth pressure, the output side circuit of the blower 55 is closed. There was a disadvantage that the power consumption increased as the intake air temperature rose.
[0012]
In the above conventional example, the setting of the vibration flow rate and the mouth pressure depends on the operation of the diaphragm 57C. Therefore, for example, in order to increase the mouth pressure in accordance with the condition of the patient P, when the two pressure adjusting valves 61 and 62 are operated to increase the average pressure E ₀ applied to the diaphragm 57C, the two 61 and 62 valves are increased. Therefore, the flow rate from the blower is reduced, and the repetitive operation range (operation stroke) of the diaphragm 57C is limited, which causes a disadvantage that the vibration flow rate Q is reduced as shown in FIG.
[0013]
Further, in the state where the mouth pressure average value is increased, the diaphragm 57C shifts to the downstream side (the pressurized chamber 57B side), which causes inconvenience that the position sensor 58 outputs erroneous information in some cases, For this reason, there was an inconvenience that it hinders detection of spontaneous breathing.
[0014]
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an artificial respirator capable of improving the disadvantages of such a conventional example, and in particular, capable of variably setting the average pressure of the mouth pressure according to the patient's condition while maintaining a moderate vibration flow rate. Is the purpose.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, an inspiratory circuit that supplies air to the patient's mouth via the monitor port, an expiratory circuit that discharges air discharged from the patient to the outside, and a predetermined breathing operation performed on the patient that is provided in the inspiratory circuit. Compulsory breathing vibration generating means and a spontaneous breathing circuit attached to the breathing vibration generating means are provided.
[0016]
The breathing vibration generating means is a blower that is an air pressure generation source, a rotary valve mechanism that converts the air pressure from the blower into a predetermined vibration air pressure, and is actuated by the vibration air pressure from the rotary valve mechanism to act on the intake circuit. And a diaphragm mechanism including a pressurized chamber for applying the oscillating air pressure and a pressurized chamber.
[0017]
In addition, an external air suction circuit is provided on the negative pressure side of the blower, and the above-described spontaneous breathing circuit is provided between the positive pressure side of the blower and the monitor port.
[0018]
The branches downstream of the spontaneously breathing circuit by the flow path branch part into a pressurizing chamber side and the patient mouth-side of the diaphragm mechanism, that apply pressure from both sides of the pressure chamber and the pressure chamber of the diaphragm mechanism , Is adopted. This is to achieve the above-mentioned purpose.
[0019]
[Operation]
First, in the operating state, the blower 5 sucks air to the negative pressure side by the operation of the outside air suction valve 6Bb, and discharges a constant amount of air as the spontaneous breathing circuit 4 from the positive pressure side. In this case, since the pressure control range can be changed by sucking air from the negative pressure side, it is possible to push the swollen lungs by applying higher pressure (thin pressure) than usual. At the same time, a clearly larger amount of air than before is easily fed into the blower 5. The rhino pressure can be formed by fully closing the two pressure regulating valves 12 and 13.
[0020]
Further, as described above, the spontaneous breathing circuit 4 is branched to the pressurizing side 7A of the diaphragm mechanism 7 and the patient's mouth as described above, whereby pressure is applied to the diaphragm 7C from both sides. For this reason, the pressure balance before and after the diaphragm 7C can be maintained. Therefore, even if the average pressure is increased, the diaphragm 7C does not stick to either side, and the deflection position is set at the center, and the normal operation of the position sensor 8 is ensured. Is done.
[0021]
The magnitude of the oscillating flow sent to the patient P is directly controlled by the flow rate adjusting valve 15 provided between the rotary valve mechanism 6 and the pressurizing chamber side 7A of the diaphragm mechanism 7. On the other hand, the average pressure at the patient's mouth is made independent of the oscillating flow control by the pressure adjustment valve 12 and the exhaust pressure adjustment valve 13 of the spontaneous breathing circuit 4. That is, the values of the vibration flow and the average pressure at the patient mouth are variably set independently and freely.
[0022]
【Example】
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
[0023]
First, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 indicates an intake circuit that supplies air to the mouth of the patient P via the monitor port 10, and reference numeral 2 indicates an expiratory circuit that discharges air discharged from the patient P to the outside. Reference numeral 3 denotes a breathing vibration generating means that is attached to the inspiratory circuit 1 and forces the patient P to perform a predetermined breathing motion. The breathing vibration generating means 3 is provided with a spontaneous breathing circuit 4. As the monitor port 10, a Y port is used in this embodiment.
[0024]
The breathing vibration generating means 3 is energized by the blower 5 which is an air pressure generation source, the rotary valve mechanism 6 which converts the air pressure from the blower 5 into the vibration air pressure of a predetermined cycle, and the vibration air pressure from the rotary valve mechanism 6. And a diaphragm mechanism 7 that applies oscillating air pressure of a predetermined cycle to the intake circuit 1 described above. Reference numeral 6 a denotes a rotary valve drive motor that drives the rotary valve mechanism 6.
[0025]
Here, reference numeral 3A denotes a power source for the rotary valve drive motor 6a, the blower 5, and the like. The power of the power source 3A is applied to the blower 5 via a line noise filter 3B, an inverter 3C, and a radio noise filter 3D.
[0026]
The diaphragm mechanism 7 includes a pressurizing chamber 7A and a pressurized chamber 7B, and a diaphragm 7C formed of a stretchable member that partitions the pressurized chamber 7A and the pressurized chamber 7B. The uneven motion of the diaphragm 7C is detected by the position sensor 8, and is sent to a control unit (not shown) as operation information of the diaphragm 7C.
[0027]
The intake circuit 1 is fed from a blender 1A for sucking and mixing external air and oxygen (O ₂ ) prepared in advance, a humidifier 1B for humidifying the air sent from the blender 1A, and the humidifier 1B. And an intake pipe 1C for guiding the air to the monitor port 10 described above. Then, the respiratory vibration from the diaphragm mechanism 7 described above is applied to the inspiratory pipe 1C portion, so that the air in the inspiratory circuit 1 is forcibly sent to the patient P.
[0028]
Further, the blower 5 and the rotary valve mechanism 6 described above are communicated with each other by a positive pressure circuit 6A and a negative pressure circuit 6B. Here, the negative pressure side of the blower 5 or the negative pressure circuit 6B is provided with an external air suction circuit 6Ba. The external air suction circuit 6Ba is equipped with an external air suction valve 6Bb.
[0029]
Further, the spontaneous breathing circuit 4 described above is provided between the positive pressure side of the blower 5 and the monitor port 10.
[0030]
The spontaneous breathing circuit 4 is communicated with the inside of the diaphragm mechanism 7 via the flow path branch part 11 to the pressurizing chamber 7A side. Further, a piping is branched outwardly between the pressurizing chamber 7A of the diaphragm mechanism 7 and the flow path branching part 11, and the air pressure in the spontaneous breathing circuit 4 is adjusted to the branched piping portion. A pressure regulating valve 12 is provided. Further, the above-described exhalation circuit 2 is equipped with an exhaust pressure adjusting valve 13 branched from a pipe between the flow path branching part 11 and the monitor port 10.
[0031]
The two adjustment valves 12 and 13 allow the patient mouth pressure corresponding to the intrapulmonary pressure of the patient P to be adjusted independently of the flow rate setting on the intake circuit 1 side.
[0032]
Furthermore, between the rotary valve mechanism 6 and the pressurizing chamber side 7A of the diaphragm mechanism 7, a flow rate adjusting valve 15 for adjusting the flow rate of the air that feeds the air in the intake circuit 1 to the patient P is provided. Has been. For this reason, the flow rate of the air that flows into the patient P can be set to an arbitrary magnitude independently of the level setting of the patient mouth pressure. This is shown in FIGS. FIG. 2 shows a case where the average pressure is normal, and FIG. 2 shows a case where the average pressure is increased by E ₀ . That is, the average pressure E ₀ can be appropriately variably set by the two regulating valves 12 and 13 while maintaining a predetermined flow rate.
[0033]
Next, operations and effects of the above embodiment will be described.
[0034]
First, when the entire apparatus is set to the operating state, the blower 5 operates the outside air suction valve 6Bb to suck air into the negative pressure side, and discharges a constant amount of air as the spontaneous breathing circuit 4 from the positive pressure side. In this case, since the pressure control range can be changed by sucking air from the negative pressure side, it is possible to reliably apply a sigh pressure (Sigh pressure). Here, the rhino pressure refers to a positive pressure that is used to expand the deflated lung by applying a higher pressure than usual to improve gas exchange efficiency.
[0035]
At the same time, since a larger amount of air can be sent to the blower 5 than before, the burden on the blower 5 is clearly reduced, and the power consumption is effectively reduced in this respect.
[0036]
Further, in the above embodiment, the spontaneous breathing circuit 4 is equipped with the pressure adjustment valve 12 and the exhaust pressure adjustment valve 13, thereby adjusting the patient mouth pressure as described above. The rhino pressure can be formed by fully closing the two pressure regulating valves 12 and 13.
[0037]
Further, as described above, the spontaneous breathing circuit 4 is branched to the pressurizing side 7A of the diaphragm mechanism 7 and the patient's mouth as described above, so that pressure can be applied to the diaphragm 7C from both sides. For this reason, the pressure balance before and after the diaphragm 7C can be maintained. Therefore, even if the average pressure is increased, the diaphragm 7C can be set to the central portion without sticking to any side, and therefore the spontaneous breathing can be performed. The position sensor 8 can detect the occurrence immediately and with high accuracy.
[0038]
Further, in the above embodiment, the oscillating flow sent to the patient P is directly controlled by the flow rate adjusting valve 15 provided between the rotary valve mechanism 6 and the pressurizing chamber side 7A of the diaphragm mechanism 7 as described above. It is like that. On the other hand, the average pressure at the patient mouth is made independent of the above-described vibration flow control by the pressure adjusting valve 12 and the exhaust pressure adjusting valve 13 of the spontaneous breathing circuit 4 as described above. . That is, the above embodiment has an advantage that the values of the vibration flow and the average pressure at the patient mouth can be variably set independently and freely.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured and functions as described above, according to this, external air can be sucked into the negative pressure side of the blower by the action of the external air suction circuit, and thereby the pressure chamber side 7A side of the diaphragm mechanism 7 can be sucked. Since the amount of air to be sent can be arbitrarily set, the pressure control range on the pressurizing chamber side can be secured relatively large, and therefore, a higher mouth pressure (Sigh pressure) can be applied compared to the conventional example, Accordingly, the entire apparatus can be effectively functioned even for patients with severe lung disease, and furthermore, the flow control and pressure control for the patient can be performed separately, so that it can effectively cope with various patient conditions. Since the pressure control described above can be performed by the pressure adjustment valve and the exhaust pressure adjustment valve, the pressure in the pressurized chamber and the pressurized chamber of the diaphragm mechanism are simultaneously set to the same level. For this reason, since the diaphragm can be always set at the center position, it becomes easy to detect spontaneous breathing. Therefore, the burden on the patient can be greatly reduced in spontaneous breathing. An excellent respirator can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the operation of the embodiment in FIG. 1 and showing the relationship between the flow rate and patient mouth pressure.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the operation of the embodiment in FIG. 1 and showing the relationship between the change in the average pressure of the patient mouth pressure and the flow rate.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a conventional example.
5 is a diagram showing the operation of the conventional example in FIG. 4, and is a diagram showing the relationship between the change in the average pressure of the patient mouth pressure and the flow rate.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Inhalation circuit 2 Expiratory circuit 3 Breathing vibration generating means 4 Spontaneous breathing circuit 5 Blower 6 Rotary valve mechanism 6Ba External air suction circuit 7 Diaphragm mechanism 7A Pressurization chamber 7B Pressurized chamber 11 Channel branch part 12 Pressure adjustment valve 13 Exhaust pressure Adjustment valve 15 Flow adjustment valve

Claims (3)

An inspiratory circuit that supplies air to the patient's mouth via the monitor port, an expiratory circuit that discharges air discharged from the patient to the outside, and a breath that is attached to the inspiratory circuit and forces the patient to perform a predetermined breathing action Having a vibration generating means and a spontaneous breathing circuit attached to the breathing vibration generating means;
The breathing vibration generating means is operated by being energized by the oscillating air pressure from the blower serving as an air pressure generating source, the rotary valve mechanism for converting the air pressure from the blower into a predetermined oscillating air pressure, and the rotary valve mechanism. And a diaphragm mechanism having a pressurized chamber and a pressurized chamber for applying a predetermined oscillating air pressure,
An external air suction circuit is provided on the negative pressure side of the blower, and the spontaneous breathing circuit is provided between the positive pressure side of the blower and the monitor port,
The downstream side of this spontaneous breathing circuit was branched into the pressurizing chamber side and the patient mouth side of the diaphragm mechanism by flow path branch parts, and pressure was applied from both sides of the pressurizing chamber and the pressurized chamber of the diaphragm mechanism. A ventilator characterized by that. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein
A pressure adjusting valve for adjusting the air pressure in the spontaneous breathing circuit is provided between the pressurizing chamber of the diaphragm mechanism and the flow path branching part, and the flow path branching part, the monitor port, A ventilator characterized by having an exhaust pressure adjustment valve that branches off from the pipe between the two. The ventilator of claim 2, wherein
A ventilator comprising a flow rate adjusting valve between the rotary valve mechanism and the pressurizing chamber side of the diaphragm mechanism.

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