JP3794409B2 - Health condition management device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a health condition management apparatus that monitors a user's health status based on information obtained from the blood circulation status and provides appropriate advice and guidance to the user.

  In recent years, the aging society has further progressed, and the health problems of middle-aged and elderly people centering on adult diseases have been widely taken up, and various factors have been cited as causes of these diseases. One of the causes has been found evidence that seems to be caused by insufficient blood circulation. When blood circulation is inadequate, tissues and cells cannot receive as much oxygen and nutrients as needed. When such a state persists for a long period of time, an organic lesion is prepared in an organ or tissue, and when this progresses to some extent, symptoms appear suddenly.

  For this reason, various attempts have been made to determine whether the blood circulation that is the basis of the lesion is good or not and to help prevent the disease before the organic lesion progresses. Therefore, in the past, the quality of blood circulation was determined by focusing on blood pressure, changes in electrocardiogram, blood cholesterol, triglyceride concentration, etc. as risk factors.

  However, in reality, stroke and heart failure often occur even when blood pressure is low, and on the other hand, even with high blood pressure, there are still elderly people who are still alive. Furthermore, even if there is a considerable organic change, it is often not found on an electrocardiogram or the like. Even in such a case, if further change in the nature progresses, it can be detected by a testing instrument, but it will be lost later.

  In recent years, the acceleration pulse wave has been found to be effective as an indication of the quality of blood circulation, and has attracted attention. First, an outline of the acceleration pulse wave, which is a measure of blood circulation, will be described. As is well known, the basis of blood circulation lies in how well the blood pushed out of the heart moves from artery to capillary of tissue / organ to vein.

  On the other hand, supplementation of oxygen and nutrients is carried out in capillaries, and the quality of blood circulation is related to the hemodynamics of the microvascular part, so the transition of blood content in capillaries is a good measure of blood circulation. Conceivable. The slight difference between the distal arterial blood pressure and the venous blood pressure can cause subtle differences in the nutrient supply and gas exchange in the capillaries. This is because organic lesions are considered to occur.

  Therefore, as one of the methods for observing the temporal transition of the blood content of the capillary blood vessels, it is the mainstream to examine the fingertip volume pulse wave. However, the finger plethysmogram itself exhibits a waveform with relatively poor undulations, and therefore, it was considered difficult to interpret subtle changes in the waveform. In addition, changes related to blood circulation are minute, and there is also a problem that they react sensitively to changes in the environment of the living body.

  However, by taking the second derivative of the waveform of the finger plethysmogram and converting it into a change acceleration waveform (ie, an acceleration pulse waveform), the information related to blood circulation can be expanded and extracted to change the state of blood circulation. It becomes possible to display in an easy-to-understand form. FIG. 14A is an example of the original waveform of the fingertip volume pulse wave, and FIG. 14B shows the waveform of the velocity pulse wave, which is a single derivative of the waveform of FIG. ) Shows the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave which is the second derivative of the waveform of FIG.

  FIG. 15 shows an extracted waveform of a typical acceleration pulse wave. As shown in the figure, there are three peaks and two valleys (valleys) in one waveform of the acceleration pulse wave. That is, the valley b is observed after the first peak a, followed by the peak c, the valley d, and the peak e, and the peak e to the peak a of the next waveform are substantially flat. However, except for the peak a, each point may not be a peak or valley but may be a simple inflection point.

  Here, the amplitudes of the above-described peaks and valleys have the following meanings. First, peak a is a signal that blood delivered from the heart reaches the capillary bed of the fingertip. The valley b is related to the cardiac output, and decreases greatly if the output is large.

  Peak c is related to venous return and can be said to indicate whether or not the venules are appropriately contracted to pool blood excessively when viewed from the scale of blood circulation. If venous return is good, peak c may rise near or above the baseline. On the other hand, when the blood pool of venules increases, the peak c does not increase and may fall below the valley b. On the other hand, the valley d is related to the burden on the heart, and decreases greatly as the burden on the heart increases. The peak e corresponds to the post-contraction bulge position of the fingertip volume pulse wave, but no specific meaning has been found.

  It is known that such a problem of blood circulation captured from the acceleration pulse wave is improved by permanent training such as jogging. In addition, a temporary improvement effect can be seen by only one training, and if a continuous training is performed, a more stable improvement effect can be recognized. On the other hand, when the training is interrupted, the blood circulation deteriorates again. Therefore, it can be said that the degree of improvement in blood circulation can be known by analyzing the acceleration pulse wave.

  JP, 57-93036, A is mentioned as an invention which tried to judge the quality of a blood circulation of a subject by analyzing a subject's acceleration pulse wave. As the observation location of the pulse wave, a fingertip portion, an earlobe, and various other parts can be considered, but in this document, the fingertip volume pulse wave is particularly measured. This is because the fingertip is the place where the capillaries are the most developed and the blood content is high in order to capture the blood transfer from the artery to the vein. This is because the measurement apparatus can be freely brought close to the apparatus and the structure of the measurement apparatus can be simplified.

  Next, FIG. 16 shows the configuration of an acceleration sphygmograph according to the invention described in the above document. This device is configured by cascade connection of a finger plethysmogram pickup 200, a preamplifier 201, an operational amplifier 202, a feature extraction circuit 203 having two stages of analog differentiation circuits by a CR circuit, and an oscillograph 204. The finger plethysmogram pickup 200 includes an opening 206 for inserting the subject's finger 205, a light source 207, and a photoelectric element 208.

  On the oscillograph 204, three types of graphs are drawn: a pulse wave waveform, a once-differential waveform of the pulse wave calculated by the feature extraction circuit 203, and a twice-differential waveform of the pulse wave. Therefore, it is possible to determine the quality of the subject's blood circulation based on the acceleration pulse wave displayed on the oscillograph 204.

  First, as a first determination method, the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave is classified into three types: valley b> valley d, valley b≈valley d, valley b <valley d, based on the depth of valley b and valley d. To do. Furthermore, the patterns categorized by the depths of the valleys b and d are further classified into three types according to the height of the peak c with respect to the base line. Then, it is determined which of these patterns the waveform of the measured acceleration pulse wave is closest to.

  As a second determination method, attention is paid to the height of the peak c with respect to the base line and the depth of the peak d with respect to the base line. Then, as shown in FIG. 17, the depth of the valley b is divided into, for example, four equal parts, and the divided areas are represented as 0, 1,..., 5 points in order from the base line. Further, the number of points corresponding to the heights of the peak c, the depth of the peak d, and the like is obtained, and the quality of the subject's blood circulation is numerically determined.

  In this document, as application examples, 1) instead of the CR circuit, the pulse wave measurement value is digitized by an A / D (analog / digital) converter and processed digitally by a microcomputer to accelerate the acceleration. The pulse wave is calculated 2) The acceleration pulse wave waveform is further differentiated only once to obtain a third-order differential waveform, and the position of the valley and peak is obtained by a microcomputer. 3) In order to correct the fluctuation of the time interval of the pulse wave due to the respiratory action, a statistical process such as calculating the arithmetic average of the corresponding peak or valley is performed on the repetitive waveforms of the plurality of pulse waves. The one that was made is considered.

  On the other hand, as an invention obtained by developing the above technique, there is a technique described in JP-A-2-55035. Thus, the configuration of the acceleration pulse wave meter according to this document is shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the pulse wave detection unit 300 includes a light detector including a lamp 301 and a photoelectric element 302 which are provided facing each other in a recess into which a fingertip is inserted. Forms a bridge circuit with resistors 303-306. The output of the bridge circuit is amplified by a differential amplifier 307. The brightness of the lamp 301 is adjusted by a switch S so that the bridge circuit is balanced. Reference sign V is a power supply voltage.

  The output of the differential amplifier 307 is further amplified by the amplifier 308. The amplified output is shaped into a rectangular wave by the waveform shaping circuit 309 clipping a voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined reference voltage. Further, this output is differentiated by the differentiation circuit 310, and a differential pulse in the negative direction is generated by the rectification circuit 311 to trigger the one-shot multi 312. Then, a rectangular wave having a time width T0 is obtained at the output of the one-shot multi 312.

  The gate circuit 313 passes the output of the differential amplifier 307 during the above-described time width T0. The output signal of the gate circuit 313 is passed through the differentiating circuits 314 and 315, whereby the second-order differential output of the pulse wave signal is obtained as the output of the differentiating circuit 315. Further, the waveform shaping circuit 316 generates a sampling pulse at the output when the valley b, peak c, and valley d appear. In accordance with this sampling pulse, the sampling circuit 317 samples the output of the differentiation circuit 315 that has passed through the delay circuit 318 and stores it in the storage circuit 319 sequentially. The maximum value detection circuit 320 reads the contents of the sequential storage circuit 319 and stores the maximum value among the amplitudes of the valley b, peak c, and valley d. The output of the maximum value detection circuit 320 is divided by the voltage dividing circuit 321 and each divided voltage is output.

  Further, the control circuit 322 sequentially outputs the voltages of the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d, which are the outputs of the sequential memory circuit 319. This output is input to the pulse height analyzer 323. The pulse height analyzer 323 uses the output value of the voltage dividing circuit 321 as a comparison voltage, and uses these voltages based on the voltages of the valley b, peak c, and valley d. (Eg, ratios c / b, d / b, ratios b / a, c / a, d / a, etc.) are output to the output terminal OP.

  The output waveform at the output terminal OP is determined by a microcomputer or the like to which of the pre-typified acceleration pulse wave waveform patterns belongs, and the result is displayed. In this determination, first, it is determined which of the standardized valleys b, peaks c, and valleys d belongs to the voltage dividing band divided by the voltage dividing circuit 321. Then, the pulse wave measured from the magnitude relationship of the partial pressure zone to which each of the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d belongs, and the vertical relation of the baseline, the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d are described above. It is classified into any of the patterns, and the quality of blood circulation is determined.

  As mentioned above, it is necessary to keep blood circulation in a good state for health promotion. For that purpose, it is important to maintain a good state for as long as possible by performing appropriate exercise. . However, in the conventional accelerometer, the information extracted from the accelerometer was simply presented to the subject, and it was necessary to be accompanied by a specialist doctor or a nurse educated by a doctor. . However, every time a large number of patients exercise, the doctors and nurses evaluate the results and instruct the patients on the next exercise to be performed. It can be said that it is too much and does not match the medical situation.

  That said, it is very cumbersome and inconvenient for the user of the device to judge the quality of the blood circulation without an attending specialist doctor or nurse. Moreover, even if exercise is performed without the presence of doctors, there is no guarantee that it will be possible to carry out exercises of the same quality as those exercises that would have been taught if doctors were present. Therefore, when interval training, rehabilitation, or the like is performed, various problems arise such as exercise is too weak to produce an effect, and conversely, exercise is too strong to have an adverse effect.

  On the other hand, even if you intend to ask a doctor all the time for a couple of weeks, there is a risk that going to the doctor's place will be a waste of time and regular guidance will not be left. Thus, there has been a great deal of doubt as to whether effective exercise guidance can be performed using a conventional device. The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to monitor a user's health state based on a blood circulation state obtained from a pulse wave, and to provide appropriate advice and guidance to the user. An object of the present invention is to provide a health condition management apparatus capable of performing the above.

  In order to solve the above problems, a health condition management device of the present invention includes a pulse wave measuring unit that measures a user's pulse wave, a body motion measuring unit that measures the user's body motion, and the pulse wave. The calculation means for obtaining an index representing the state of blood circulation of the user from the waveform of, and the exercise performed by the user consists of a plurality of stages, the target value of the index to be achieved by the exercise of each stage, Storage means stored in advance for each stage, and comparison means for comparing the index calculated by the calculation means with the target value corresponding to each exercise stage when the user finishes the exercise of each stage And a notifying means for notifying the user to perform the next stage of exercise when the index calculated by the calculating means reaches the target value as a result of the comparison. It is characterized by that.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the types of acceleration pulse wave waveforms used in this embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 (a) shows various types of acceleration pulse wave waveforms. When the blood circulation is good, the valley b greatly falls with respect to the peak a, the peak c rises to the vicinity of the base line, and a waveform ((1) or (2)) in which the fall of the valley d is small is observed. On the other hand, if the blood circulation becomes insufficient, the burden on the heart increases, and the valley b and the valley d become the same level ((3) in the figure). Then, the waveform in which the valley d is below the valley b ((4) in the figure), the waveform in which the peak c is at the same position as the valley b ((5) in the figure), and the peak c is below the valley b. It transforms into a waveform ((6) in the figure).

  As a criterion for determining which of the patterns (1) to (6) in FIG. 2A the measured acceleration pulse wave belongs to, as shown in FIG. It is conceivable to use a ratio to the peak or valley amplitude. First, when the amplitude ratio d / a between the valley d and the peak a is used as a reference, if this value is within 10%, the pattern (1), if it is 10 to 35%, the pattern (2), 35 to 60%. If there is a pattern (3), if it is 60 to 100%, it is divided into patterns (4) to (6).

  On the other hand, when the amplitude ratio c / a between peak c and peak a is used as a reference, if this value is within -10%, pattern (1), and if it is 10-15%, pattern (2), within -15% If it is 0% to 20%, the pattern is divided into the pattern (4), if it is 20 to 40%, the pattern is (5), and if it is 40% or more, the pattern is (6). However, since the ranges of patterns (2) to (4) overlap each other, they are used to distinguish only patterns (4) to (6) or in combination with the value of amplitude ratio d / a. The amplitude ratio may be negative, which means that the peak c and the valley d are located above the baseline.

  Here, when paying attention to a certain user, it can be said that the health state is better as the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave of the user is closer to the pattern (1), and conversely, the healthier as the pattern is closer to the pattern (6). There is a tendency that the condition is bad. Thus, the user's health condition can be estimated by looking at the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave, for example, ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction or angina) or cerebrovascular disorder (stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage). It is also useful for predicting the occurrence of

  On the other hand, when the relationship between the age of the user and the acceleration pulse wave is examined, the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave tends to shift from the pattern (1) to the pattern (6) according to aging. Therefore, if the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave measured by the user is extremely biased toward the pattern (6) side as compared with the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave estimated from the age of the person, the above is also true. It can be inferred that it is a sign of a serious disease.

[First Embodiment]
Next, the configuration of the health condition management apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the apparatus. In this figure, a CPU (central processing unit) 1 is a central part that controls each circuit in the health condition management device, and its function will be described in the section of operation described later.

  A ROM (Read Only Memory) 2 stores control programs executed by the CPU 1, various control data, and the like, and performs desired exercises corresponding to the user's health pattern such as the amplitude ratio d / a. The exercise intensity target value (average exercise intensity), the exercise intensity upper and lower limit values, and the exercise time target value to be realized are stored. A RAM (Random Access Memory) 3 is used as a work area when the CPU 1 performs calculations (for example, a storage area for the total amount of exercise during exercise), and stores measurement values and calculation results from various sensors described below. Is done.

  The pulse wave sensor 4 is an optical pulse wave detection sensor attached to a finger (for example, a second finger) of a user (or a carrier) of the apparatus. The pulse wave sensor 4 includes, for example, a light emitting diode and an optical sensor using a phototransistor or the like. The light emitted from the light emitting diode is reflected through the blood vessel under the skin, and is received by the optical sensor and subjected to photoelectric conversion, so that a pulse wave detection signal is obtained. In consideration of the signal-to-noise (SN) ratio, a blue light emitting diode may be used as the light emitting diode.

  The acceleration sensor 5 is a body motion sensor that captures the movement of the user's body, and is attached to the same place as the pulse wave sensor 4 described above, for example, a finger of a hand. The sensor interface 6 captures the outputs of the pulse wave sensor 4 and the acceleration sensor 5 at predetermined intervals, converts the captured analog signal into a digital signal, and outputs the digital signal.

  The display device 7 is a device for displaying various information such as messages to the user, and is, for example, a liquid crystal display device provided in a wristwatch. The display control circuit 8 receives display information from the CPU 1, converts it into a format used by the display device 7, and causes the display device 7 to display the display information. The clock circuit 9 has a function of sending an interrupt signal to the CPU 1 when the CPU 1 reaches a preset time or when a preset time of the CPU 1 elapses, in addition to a normal timing function.

  Here, several modes can be considered as a method of mounting the health condition management device on the human body as a “portable device”. One example is shown below, but it is naturally possible to combine with various other portable devices. First, as a first aspect, there is a form combined with a wristwatch as shown in FIG.

  As shown in this figure, the health condition management device according to this embodiment includes a device main body 100 having a wristwatch structure, a cable 101 connected to the device main body 100, and a sensor unit 102 provided on the distal end side of the cable 101. Has been. In addition, a wristband 103 that is wound around the user's arm from 12 o'clock on the wristwatch and fixed at 6 o'clock on the wristwatch is attached to the apparatus main body 100. The apparatus main body 100 is detachable from the user's arm by the wristband 103.

  The sensor unit 102 is shielded from light by the sensor fixing band 104, and is mounted between the base of the user's index finger and the second finger joint. When the sensor unit 102 is attached to the base of the finger in this way, the cable 101 can be shortened, and the cable 101 does not interfere with the user even during exercise. Also, when measuring the body temperature distribution from the palm to the fingertips, it is known that when the ambient temperature is low, the temperature at the fingertips is significantly reduced while the temperature at the base of the fingers is not relatively lowered. It has been. Therefore, if the sensor unit 102 is attached to the base of the finger, the pulse rate and the like can be accurately measured even when exercising outdoors on a cold day.

  On the other hand, a connector portion 105 is provided on the surface side of the wristwatch in the 6 o'clock direction. A connector piece 106 provided at the end of the cable 101 is detachably attached to the connector portion 105. By removing the connector piece 106 from the connector portion 105, the apparatus is used as a normal wristwatch or stopwatch. be able to. For the purpose of protecting the connector unit 105, a predetermined connector cover is attached in a state where the cable 101 and the sensor unit 102 are removed from the connector unit 105. As the connector cover, a component formed by removing the electrode portion from the component configured in the same manner as the connector piece 106 is used.

  According to the connector structure configured as described above, the connector portion 105 is disposed on the near side as viewed from the user, and the operation is simplified for the user. Moreover, since the connector part 105 does not protrude from the apparatus main body 100 in the direction of 3 o'clock of the wristwatch, the user can freely move the wrist during the exercise, and even if the user falls during the exercise, The back of the hand does not hit the connector part 105.

  The other components in FIG. 3 will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 shows details of the apparatus main body 100 in this aspect with the cable 101 and the wristband 103 removed. Here, in the figure, the same components as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted here.

  In this figure, the apparatus main body 100 includes a resin watch case 107. On the surface of the watch case 107, a liquid crystal display device 108 for digitally displaying pulse wave information such as a pulse rate in addition to the current time and date is provided. The liquid crystal display device 108 includes a first segment display area 108-1 located on the upper left side of the display surface, a second segment area 108-2 located on the upper right side, and a third segment area located on the lower right side. 108-3, a dot display area 108-D located on the lower left side.

  Here, the date, day of the week, current time, and the like are displayed in the first segment area 108-1. The second segment area 108-2 displays the elapsed time and the like when performing various time measurements. The third segment area 108-3 displays the pulse rate measured in the pulse wave measurement. Further, various kinds of information can be displayed graphically in the dot display area 108-D. The mode display indicates what mode the apparatus is in at a certain point in time, and the original pulse waveform / velocity pulse. Various displays such as a display of a wave waveform / acceleration pulse wave waveform and a bar graph display of a temporal change in pulse rate are possible. The above modes include a mode for setting time and date, a mode for use as a stopwatch, and the like in addition to the original mode used as a health management device.

  On the other hand, inside the watch case 107 is incorporated a control unit 109 that performs signal processing for displaying changes in pulse rate and the like on the liquid crystal display device 108. The control unit 109 includes a clock circuit for measuring time, and the liquid crystal display device 108 displays not only a normal time but also a lap time, a split time and the like in a mode operating as a stopwatch. The

  On the other hand, button switches 111 to 117 are provided on the outer peripheral portion and the surface portion of the watch case 107. When the button switch 111 in the 2 o'clock direction of the wristwatch is pressed, an alarm sound is generated when one hour has passed since the button was pressed. The button switch 112 at the 4 o'clock direction of the wristwatch is for instructing switching of various modes that the apparatus has as a normal timepiece.

  When the button switch 113 in the 11 o'clock direction of the wristwatch is pressed, an EL (Electro Luminescence) backlight of the liquid crystal display device 108 is turned on for 3 seconds, for example, and then automatically turned off. The button switch 114 in the 8:00 o'clock direction of the wristwatch is for switching the type of graphic display to be displayed in the dot display area 108-D. In addition, by pressing the button switch 115 in the 7 o'clock direction of the wristwatch, it is possible to switch between the hour / minute / second, year / month / day, and 12/24 hour display switching in the mode for correcting the time and date. it can.

  The button switch 116 located on the lower side of the liquid crystal display device 108 is used for lowering the set value by 1 when correcting the time and date, and also teaches the CPU 1 of each lap when measuring the lap. It is also used as a switch. The button switch 117 located on the upper side of the liquid crystal display device 108 is used to give an instruction to start / stop the operation as the health management device. This button switch is used to increment the set value by one in the time and date correction mode, and is also used to instruct start / stop of various elapsed time measurements.

  A power source for the apparatus is a button-shaped battery 118 built in the watch case 107. The cable 101 shown in FIG. 3 supplies power from the battery 118 to the sensor unit 102. It plays the role of sending the detection result of the unit 102 to the control unit 109.

  Moreover, in this apparatus, it is necessary to enlarge the apparatus main body 100 as the functions of the apparatus are increased. However, the apparatus main body 100 cannot be expanded in the 6 o'clock direction or the 12 o'clock direction of the wristwatch due to the restriction that the apparatus main body 100 is worn on the arm. Therefore, in this embodiment, the watch case 107 having a horizontally long length in the 3 o'clock direction and the 9 o'clock direction of the wristwatch is longer than the length dimension in the 6 o'clock direction and the 12 o'clock direction. .

  Further, in this aspect, the wristband 103 is connected to the watch case 107 at a position biased toward the 3 o'clock direction. Further, when viewed from the wrist band 103, the wristband 103 has a large overhanging portion 119 in the 9 o'clock direction of the wristwatch, but the large overhanging portion does not exist in the 3 o'clock direction of the wristwatch. Therefore, instead of using the horizontally long watch case 107, the user can bend his wrist, and even if the user falls, the back of the hand does not hit the watch case 107.

  In addition, a flat piezoelectric element 120 used as a buzzer is disposed in the watch case 107 at 9 o'clock with respect to the battery 118. Here, the battery 118 is heavier than the piezoelectric element 120, and the position of the center of gravity of the apparatus main body 100 is offset in the 3 o'clock direction. However, since the wristband 103 is connected to the side where the center of gravity is biased, the apparatus main body 100 can be worn on the arm in a stable state. Furthermore, since the battery 118 and the piezoelectric element 120 are arranged in the plane direction, the apparatus main body 100 can be thinned, and the battery 118 can be easily replaced by the user by providing a battery lid on the back of the wristwatch. Can do.

  1 corresponds to FIG. 3 to FIG. 4, the control unit 109 in FIG. 4 corresponds to the CPU 1, ROM 2, RAM 3, sensor interface 6, display control circuit 8, and clock circuit 9 in FIG. 1. 3 corresponds to the pulse wave sensor 4 and the acceleration sensor 5 in FIG. 1, and the liquid crystal display device 108 in FIGS. 3 to 4 corresponds to the display device 7 in FIG.

  In this embodiment, the pulse wave is measured at the base of the finger of the user's hand. However, the measurement site of the pulse wave is not limited to this, and for example, the pulse wave may be measured at the radial artery portion or its peripheral portion. Further, as a modification of this aspect, as shown in FIG. 5, the sensor unit 102 and the sensor fixing band 104 are attached to the fingertip part to measure the fingertip volume pulse wave. Embodiments are possible.

  Next, as a second aspect, a form combined with an accessory such as a necklace as shown in FIG. 6 is conceivable. In this figure, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In this figure, 31 is a sensor pad, for example, a sponge-like cushioning material. In the sensor pad 31, the pulse wave sensor 4 / acceleration sensor 5 of FIG. Thereby, by putting the necklace on the neck, the pulse wave can be measured in contact with the skin on the back side of the neck.

  Further, the broach-like case 32 incorporates the CPU 1, ROM 2, RAM 3, sensor interface 6, display control circuit 8, and clock circuit 9 of FIG. Embedded in. Thus, in this embodiment, the pulse wave at the base of the neck is measured. Further, in this embodiment, since the clock function is not particularly necessary, the display device 7 may be configured only from the dot display area 108-D in which graphic display is possible.

  Next, as a third mode, it is possible to combine with glasses as shown in FIG. In this figure, the same components as those shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. As shown in FIG. 7, here, the apparatus main body is attached to the vine 41 of the spectacle frame, and the main body is further divided into a case 42a and a case 42b, which are connected via lead wires embedded in the vine 41. ing. The lead wire may be laid along the vine 41.

  In the case 42a, a liquid crystal panel 44 is attached to the entire side surface on the lens 43 side. Further, a mirror 45 is fixed to one end of the side surface at a predetermined angle. In addition, a drive circuit for the liquid crystal panel 44 including a light source (not shown) is incorporated in the case 42a. The light emitted from the light source is reflected by the mirror 45 via the liquid crystal panel 44 and projected onto the lens 43 of the glasses. Therefore, in this case, it can be said that the lens 43 corresponds to the display device 7 of FIG.

  The case 42b incorporates the CPU 1, ROM 2, RAM 3, sensor interface 6, display control circuit 8, and clock circuit 9 shown in FIG. The pulse wave sensor 4 is built in the pads 46, 46, and is fixed to the ear by sandwiching the earlobe with these pads. In this aspect, illustration of the acceleration sensor 5 is omitted. In this embodiment, the pulse wave in the earlobe is measured.

  Next, the operation of the health condition management apparatus having the above configuration will be described. First, before starting the exercise, the user presses the button switch 117 to activate the function of the apparatus. Then, the pulse wave waveform and the acceleration value are respectively sent from the pulse wave sensor 4 and the acceleration sensor 5 to the sensor interface 6 and converted into a digital signal. In parallel with this, the CPU 1 sends the read pulse waveform to the display control circuit 8 to display the pulse waveform on the display device 7. Accordingly, the user can observe the waveform of the pulse wave that changes every moment on the dot display region 108-D of the liquid crystal display device 108 of FIG. 4 by graphic display.

  Subsequently, the CPU 1 measures the resting pulse rate once after the button switch 117 is pressed and before the user starts exercising. Here, the CPU 1 determines whether or not the user is exercising (in other words, whether or not the user is in a resting state), and whether the pulse wave sensor 4 moves in accordance with the user's body movement is a pulse wave. Judgment is made based on whether or not it has reached the level of adversely affecting the detection of. That is, if the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 exceeds a predetermined value (for example, 0.1 G), the CPU 1 is in a state where the user is exercising (ie, not resting). to decide. In such a state, since the pulse wave cannot be detected correctly, the CPU 1 displays on the display device 7 a message for urging the user not to move the body.

  When the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 is equal to or less than the predetermined value, the CPU 1 determines that the user is not exercising (i.e., is in a resting state), and obtains a pulse wave waveform from the sensor interface 6. After reading for a predetermined time and storing it in the RAM 3, the pulse wave waveform taken in this period is divided into wavelength units, the number of wavelengths is counted, and this is converted per minute to calculate the pulse rate. The calculated pulse rate is stored in the RAM 3 as a resting pulse rate.

  Next, the CPU 1 reads one wavelength portion from the pulse wave waveform stored in the RAM 3. Next, time differentiation is performed twice on this waveform to obtain an acceleration pulse wave waveform as shown in FIG. Then, the CPU 1 determines the inflection points of the acceleration pulse wave waveform, determines the peak a, the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d, and determines the amplitude value at each inflection point. These inflection points can be obtained by a general method such as taking time differentiation of acceleration pulse wave. Further, the waveform of the calculated acceleration pulse wave and the waveform of the velocity pulse wave obtained in the process of obtaining the acceleration pulse wave may be graphically displayed on the display device 7.

  Next, the CPU 1 calculates values obtained by normalizing the amplitude values of the valley b, the peak c, and the valley d with the amplitude value of the peak a, that is, the amplitude ratios b / a, c / a, d / a. Is stored in the RAM 3. Of these amplitude ratios, the amplitude ratio d / a is the most useful as an index representing the blood circulation state. Therefore, hereinafter, in the present embodiment, description will be made using only the amplitude ratio d / a in principle. As will be described later, it is desirable to use the amplitude ratio d / a and the amplitude ratio c / a more strictly, but in the following, determination using only the amplitude ratio d / a is performed as the simplest method. And

  Next, the CPU 1 instructs the user how much exercise should be performed. Therefore, first, the CPU 1 determines whether the acceleration pulse wave waveform before the exercise is in any of the patterns (1) to (6) based on the amplitude ratio d / a obtained as described above and the table shown in FIG. The pattern type is stored in the RAM 3 as the acceleration pulse wave waveform pattern before exercise, and the pattern type is displayed on the display device 7. However, even if only the type of pattern is announced, it is difficult for the user to understand. Therefore, for example, when the pattern (3) is determined, an auxiliary message such as “The health condition is starting to become insufficient” is displayed on the display device 7. Next, the exercise intensity target value, upper limit value, lower limit value, and exercise time target value corresponding to the obtained pulse wave pattern are read from the ROM 2 and stored in the RAM 3, and these values are displayed on the display device 7. Display and present exercise goals to the user.

  Next, when the user starts exercising, the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 gradually increases as the body moves more intensely. And if the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 exceeds the predetermined value mentioned above from a certain time, CPU1 will recognize a user's exercise | movement start. Then, the CPU 1 reads the time from the timepiece circuit 9 and stores it in the RAM 3 as the time when the exercise starts, and sets the timepiece circuit 9 so that an interrupt is generated when the target exercise time has elapsed. Further, the CPU 1 initializes a storage area provided on the RAM 3 to “0” in order to calculate the total amount of exercise during exercise.

  Then, while the user is exercising, the CPU 1 measures the user's pulse rate and the amount of exercise, and provides exercise instruction. For this purpose, the CPU 1 first reads the pulse waveform from the sensor interface 6 at a predetermined time interval and calculates the user's pulse rate. When this pulse rate is converted into display information and sent to the display control circuit 8, the pulse rate is displayed on the display device 7.

  The CPU 1 calculates the amount of exercise. Here, the amount of exercise is displayed in calories. Since the calorie is approximately calculated by “the product of the pulse rate and the exercise time”, the CPU 1 multiplies the pulse rate obtained above by the elapsed time from the previous pulse rate measurement to the current pulse rate measurement. To calculate momentum. In calculating the amount of exercise, since the previous pulse rate and the current pulse rate are usually different, the average of the previous pulse rate and the current pulse rate may be taken. Furthermore, CPU1 calculates | requires the total exercise amount from the time of an exercise | movement start by adding this exercise amount to the total exercise amount until the last time. Then, the total amount of exercise from the start of exercise and the amount of exercise from the previous pulse rate measurement to the current pulse rate measurement are stored in the RAM 3 and are also displayed on the display device 7.

Further, since the amount of exercise is also obtained by “product of exercise intensity and exercise time”, the amount of exercise obtained by these products may be displayed instead of the above-mentioned calories. That is, since the measured pulse rate and exercise intensity satisfy the following well-known Carboné equation, the exercise intensity is calculated from the resting pulse rate stored in the RAM 3 in advance and the pulse rate measured during exercise. Can be calculated, and the momentum can be calculated from this. Measured pulse rate = (pulse rate at rest) + {(220−age) −pulse rate at rest} * exercise intensity (1)
When the “exercise intensity” in this equation is about 80%, it can be said that the exercise is quite tight, and even if it is about 50%, it can be said that the exercise is slightly tight. As for “age” in this equation, the age specified by the user using an input unit (not shown) is stored in the RAM 3 in advance.

  On the other hand, the CPU 1 checks whether or not the exercise intensity calculated by the equation (1) from the measured pulse rate deviates from the range determined by the above-described upper limit value and lower limit value of the exercise intensity. Then, if it exceeds the upper limit value, an instruction is given to make the exercise a little lighter. On the other hand, if it is lower than the lower limit value, an instruction is issued to increase the intensity of the exercise a little more. As described above, by displaying the pulse rate and the amount of exercise on the display device 7, the user himself can adjust the exercise, and it is investigated whether the exercise is performed with an appropriate exercise intensity, and is excessively strong. Surveillance is made so that the exercise intensity is moderate without exercising or doing ineffective exercises.

  When the target exercise time elapses and an interrupt is input from the clock circuit 9, the CPU 1 instructs the user to finish the exercise. Then, the user immediately stops the exercise or stops the exercise at a good break, so that the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 gradually decreases. On the other hand, since the CPU 1 monitors the output value of the acceleration sensor 5, it detects that the output value has again become equal to or less than the predetermined value described above, and recognizes that the user has actually interrupted the exercise. Next, the CPU 1 calculates the amplitude ratio d / a according to the same procedure as before the start of exercise, reads the current time from the clock circuit 9 as the end time of exercise, and stores these values in the RAM 3. Further, the CPU 1 calculates the net exercise time from the exercise start time and the exercise end time and similarly stores it in the RAM 3.

  Next, the CPU 1 displays the amplitude ratio d / a before exercise, the amplitude ratio d / a after exercise, the total amount of exercise during exercise, and the net exercise time on the display device 7 according to the operation of the button switch of the user. Further, the CPU 1 obtains a target value of the amount of exercise from the target value of the exercise intensity and the target value of the exercise time, and checks whether or not the total exercise amount obtained by actual measurement is within a predetermined range centered on the target value. If the amount of exercise is not appropriate, this is notified to the user together with the target value of the amount of exercise, informing that the exercise is not being performed as instructed. In addition, the CPU 1 performs the same process for the exercise time, and if the target value and the actual measurement value are significantly different, notifies the user and alerts the user.

  Next, the CPU 1 determines the pattern shown in FIG. 2B to which the amplitude ratio d / a measured after the exercise belongs, in the same manner as before the exercise, and determines the pattern type after the exercise. Is displayed on the display device 7. In addition, if the pattern before the exercise and the pattern after the exercise are compared and the pattern changes to the (1) side and improvement is seen in the condition, “the health condition has been improved” and so on. Message is displayed on the display device 7. On the other hand, if the pattern changes to the (6) side and the condition is worse, it is possible that further exercise is not preferable, so stop the exercise and seek medical attention if necessary. And warn the user.

  If there is no such warning, for example, if the user is performing interval training and continues to exercise after that, the pattern obtained after exercise (ie, the amplitude ratio d / a) It is set as a pattern (amplitude ratio d / a) before the exercise for the exercise to be performed. Then, a new target value is set from this pattern (amplitude ratio d / a), and exercise is continuously instructed. After that, when the user completes all necessary exercises, if the button switch 117 is pressed again, the CPU 1 determines that the exercise has ended, and thereafter stops exercise guidance.

  On the other hand, if the user exercises on the next day or later, the button switch 117 is pressed once to stop the exercise instruction. Then, when exercising again at a later date, if the same procedure as described above is followed, an acceleration pulse wave pattern corresponding to the health condition of the day is determined, and the exercise according to the target value of the exercise corresponding to the pattern Guidance is performed. As described above, appropriate exercise can be instructed to shift the user's health state to a good state.

  In the above embodiment, the measured pulse rate including before and after exercise may be displayed on the display device 7 at all times. In addition, as a technique for evaluating the exercise performed by the user, the following may be considered.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of the relationship between the amount of exercise performed by the user and the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a before and after the exercise. As shown in this figure, when the momentum is small, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a is small, and a value of approximately less than + 5% is obtained (region "I" in FIG. 8). Next, when the momentum is increased more than this, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a gradually increases and exceeds + 5%, and thereafter, the rate of change starts to fall from a certain point in time. The rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a becomes about + 5% again (region “II” in FIG. 8). Next, when the momentum is further increased, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a further decreases, falls below + 5%, and decreases to about −10% (region “III” in FIG. 8). As the momentum is further increased, the rate of change of the amplitude ratio d / a further decreases and falls below −10% (region “IV” in FIG. 8).

  The CPU 1 evaluates the exercise based on the relationship between the amount of exercise and the change rate of the amplitude ratio d / a. For this purpose, the CPU 1 obtains a difference between the amplitude ratio d / a after the exercise and the amplitude ratio d / a before the exercise, and divides this difference by the amplitude ratio d / a before the exercise to obtain the amplitude ratio d / a. Calculate the rate of change. Then, when the rate of change of the obtained amplitude ratio d / a and the amount of exercise measured during exercise are plotted in the graph of FIG. 8, depending on which of the regions I to IV this plot is located And evaluate.

  That is, if it exists in the region “I” in FIG. 8, it is evaluated that the exercise performed is too weak, and if it exists in the region “II” in FIG. 8, it is evaluated that the exercise is moderate. If it exists in the region “III” of FIG. 8, it is evaluated that the motion is slightly strong, and if it exists in the region “IV” of FIG. 8, it is evaluated that the motion is too strong. And based on this evaluation result, for each of the regions I, II, III, and IV, “exercise is too light”, “just good exercise”, “exercise is slightly strong”, “ A message such as “exercise is too strong” is displayed on the display device 7, and the evaluation result is notified to the user.

  As described above, the case where only the amplitude ratio d / a is used has been described above. However, by using an evaluation method that refers to the amplitude ratio d / a and the amplitude ratio c / a, the accuracy can be further increased. It becomes possible to evaluate exercise. That is, for example, if the value of the amplitude ratio d / a is 20%, it can be determined from FIG. 2B that the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave belongs to the pattern (2). On the other hand, if the value of the amplitude ratio d / a is 80%, it can be specified until it belongs to any one of the patterns (4) to (6), and therefore, it is narrowed down to which of these patterns. Therefore, the value of the amplitude ratio c / a is further referred to. If the value of the amplitude ratio c / a is 30%, for example, it can be determined from FIG. 2B that the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave belongs to the pattern (5).

  Various exercise target values other than the above-described exercise intensity and exercise time are conceivable. For example, calorie consumption may be considered. The CPU 1 sets a calorie target value before the start of exercise. During the exercise, the CPU 1 calculates the calorie consumption at each time point when the pulse rate is measured, and adds up the calorie consumption from the start of the exercise to obtain the RAM 3 So that the user is notified when the integrated value exceeds the set target value.

[Second Embodiment]
In recent years, information such as power spectrum obtained from heart rate variability has begun to be used for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases such as heart disease, central nervous disease, peripheral nerve disease, diabetes, hypertension, cerebrovascular disorder, and sudden death. . For this reason, in this embodiment, each index of LF, HF, and RR50 is obtained from the analysis of fluctuations of the pulse wave corresponding to fluctuations in heart rate variability, and these are used as indices representing the state of the user's body. I will do it. First, the meaning of these indicators will be described.

  In the electrocardiogram, the time interval between the R wave of a certain heartbeat and the R wave of the next heartbeat is called an RR interval, and is a numerical value that serves as an index of autonomic function in the human body. FIG. 9 illustrates the heartbeats in the electrocardiogram and the RR intervals obtained from these heartbeat waveforms. As can be seen from the figure, it is known from the analysis of the electrocardiogram measurement results that the RR interval varies with time.

  On the other hand, the change in blood pressure measured at the radial artery or the like is defined as the change in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure for each beat, and corresponds to the change in the RR interval in the electrocardiogram. FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the electrocardiogram and blood pressure. As can be seen from this figure, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures for each beat are measured as the maximum value of the arterial pressure in each RR interval and the minimum value seen just before the maximum value.

By performing spectrum analysis of these heartbeat fluctuations or blood pressure fluctuations, it can be seen that these fluctuations are composed of waves of a plurality of frequencies. These waves are classified into the following three types of fluctuation components.
・ HF (High Frequency) component, which is a fluctuation that coincides with breathing ・ LF (Low Frequency) component, which fluctuates in a cycle of around 10 seconds ・ Trend that changes at a frequency lower than the measurement limit (Trend)

  In order to obtain these components, first, for each measured pulse wave, an RR interval between adjacent pulse waves is obtained, and a discrete value of the obtained RR interval is obtained by an appropriate method (for example, a third-order pulse wave). Interpolation is performed by spline interpolation (see FIG. 9). Then, the fluctuation component can be extracted as a peak on the frequency axis by performing FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) processing on the interpolated curve and performing spectrum analysis. FIG. 11A shows the fluctuation waveform of the RR interval of the measured pulse wave and the waveform of each fluctuation component when the fluctuation waveform is decomposed into the three frequency components. FIG. 11B shows the result of spectrum analysis for the fluctuation waveform of the RR interval shown in FIG.

  As can be seen from this figure, peaks are observed at two frequencies near 0.07 Hz and 0.25 Hz. The former is the LF component and the latter is the HF component. Note that the trend component cannot be read from the figure because it is below the measurement limit. The LF component is related to the activity of the sympathetic nerve, and the greater the amplitude of this component, the more tending it is. On the other hand, the HF component is related to the activity of the parasympathetic nerve, and the larger the amplitude of this component, the more tending to relax.

  Since there are individual differences in the amplitude values of the LF component and the HF component, considering this, “LF / HF”, which is the amplitude ratio of the LF component and the HF component, is useful for estimating the state of the human body. From the above-described characteristics of the LF component and the HF component, it is derived that the larger the “LF / HF” value, the more tending the tension, and the smaller the “LF / HF” value, the more tending to relax. On the other hand, RR50 is defined by the number of absolute values of the RR interval between two consecutive heartbeats that have fluctuated by 50 milliseconds or more in pulse wave measurement for a predetermined time (for example, 1 minute). It is known that the larger the value of RR50 is, the more the human body is in a sedative state, and the smaller the value of RR50 is, the more excited the state is.

  Incidentally, there is a correlation between the state of the user's body and these indicators. By carrying out reinforcement training and reducing the parasympathetic nerve function to a sympathetic nerve dominant state, it is possible to create a situation similar to the state of the body of a patient having the above-mentioned disease. When the change in the above index is observed during the recovery period of the body after stopping the reinforcement training, for example, the HF component shows a tendency to increase as the day passes, while the value of “LF / HF” Tend to decrease day by day.

  That is, as the body condition recovers, the value of the HF component or “LF / HF” increases or decreases from a value indicating a tense state to a value indicating a relaxed state. Therefore, it is estimated that the quality of the human body can be judged by observing the increase / decrease in the value of each index including not only the HF component and “LF / HF” but also the LF component and RR50. It can be considered that it can be used instead of the amplitude ratio d / a.

  Next, the health condition management apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, one of the four indexes is used instead of the amplitude ratio d / a in the first embodiment, and the device configuration is the same as that in the first embodiment. Therefore, hereinafter, the operation of the apparatus will be described focusing on the operation peculiar to the present embodiment. In the above embodiment, the acceleration pulse wave waveform is classified into six patterns, but in this embodiment, the values of these indexes are divided into several grades according to the values, For each grade, the target value, the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the exercise intensity, and the target value of the exercise time are set in the ROM 2 in advance.

  When the user presses the button switch 117 before the exercise, the CPU 1 checks the output value of the acceleration sensor 5 and confirms whether the user is in a resting state, and then calculates the pulse rate at rest. Measurement is performed only once and the measured value is stored in the RAM 3. Next, the CPU 1 takes in the pulse wave waveform and calculates the above four indexes based on the pulse wave waveform. Therefore, this process will be described in detail below.

  First, in order to extract the maximum point from the waveform of the pulse wave, the CPU 1 performs time differentiation on the waveform of the pulse wave, obtains a time at which the time derivative is zero, and obtains all times at which the waveform takes the pole. Next, it is determined from the slope of the waveform in the vicinity of the extreme point (that is, the time differential value) whether the extreme point at each time is the maximum or minimum. For example, for a certain pole, a moving average of the slope of the waveform is calculated for a predetermined time before the pole. If this moving average is positive, the extreme point is maximal, and if it is negative, it is minimal.

  Next, the CPU 1 obtains a local minimum point immediately before the local maximum point for each of the extracted local maximum points. Then, the amplitude of the pulse wave at the local maximum point and the local minimum point is read from the RAM 3, and the difference between the amplitudes is obtained. Then, after performing this peak detection process on all the captured pulse wave waveforms, the time interval between the two adjacent peaks (corresponding to the RR interval in the heartbeat) is calculated.

  Since the value of the RR interval obtained above is discrete on the time axis, a curve as shown in FIG. 11A is obtained by interpolating between adjacent RR intervals by an appropriate interpolation method. Next, an FFT process is performed on the interpolated curve to obtain a spectrum as shown in FIG. Therefore, the same maximum discrimination processing as that performed for the waveform of the pulse wave is applied to determine the maximum value in this spectrum and the frequency corresponding to the maximum value, and the maximum value obtained in the low frequency region is obtained. The LF component and the maximum value obtained at a high frequency are used as the HF component, the amplitude of each component is obtained, and the amplitude ratio “LF / HF” of both is calculated. Further, the CPU 1 sequentially obtains a time difference between adjacent RR intervals based on the RR interval obtained above, and checks whether or not the time difference exceeds 50 milliseconds for each of them. The number corresponding to this is counted as RR50.

  Next, the CPU 1 instructs the user about the exercise to be performed. Therefore, first, the CPU 1 determines to which grade the index value obtained as described above belongs. After the determined grade and index value are stored in the RAM 3 and displayed on the display device 7, the exercise intensity target value, upper limit value, lower limit value, and exercise time target value corresponding to the grade are stored in the ROM 2. And stored in the RAM 3 and displayed on the display device 7 to present the target value of the exercise to the user.

  Next, when the user starts exercising, the CPU 1 recognizing this stores the time at the start of exercising in the RAM 3 and sets the target exercising time in the clock circuit 9, and then in the same way as the first embodiment Teaches exercise by measuring pulse rate and momentum. That is, the CPU 1 calculates the momentum and the pulse rate from the previous pulse rate measurement to the current pulse rate measurement to obtain the total exercise amount from the start of the exercise, stores these values in the RAM 3 and stores them in the display device 7. Display. Further, the CPU 1 checks whether or not the exercise intensity calculated from the equation (1) is within a range determined by the upper limit value and the lower limit value, and appropriately gives an instruction regarding the exercise intensity to the user.

  When the target exercise time elapses and an interrupt is input from the clock circuit 9, the CPU 1 instructs the user to end the exercise, monitors the output of the acceleration sensor 5, and allows the user to actually stop the exercise. Wait. Next, the CPU 1 calculates each index in the same manner as before the exercise starts, reads the exercise end time from the clock circuit 9, calculates the net exercise time, stores all these values in the RAM 3, and displays the display device 7. To display. Further, the CPU 1 checks whether the total exercise amount and the exercise time for the exercise that has just been performed are within a predetermined range from the respective target values, and uses this fact if the exercise is not performed as instructed. Inform the person.

  Next, as before the exercise, the CPU 1 determines which grade the index value after the exercise belongs to, and causes the display device 7 to display the obtained grade and the index value. Furthermore, the index values before and after the exercise are compared, and if there is an improvement in the condition, a message to that effect is displayed. If the condition has deteriorated, the exercise is stopped and the doctor diagnoses A warning is given to ask.

  Here, the criteria for determining whether the condition has improved or worsened. In the case of LF or “LF / HF”, if the value has decreased due to exercise, it has been improved and increased. If it is, it will be considered worse. On the other hand, in the case of HF or RR50, if it decreases, it is assumed that it has deteriorated, and if it increases, it is considered that it has improved.

  If the user continues to exercise, the grade obtained after the exercise is set as the grade before the exercise of the exercise to be performed, and a new target value is obtained from the grade, and the exercise is instructed. To continue. In the above description, any one of the four indices is used. However, some of these indices may be considered comprehensively.

[Third Embodiment]
This embodiment is a form in which the health condition management device described in the first embodiment is partially modified. In other words, in the first embodiment, the device (more specifically, the CPU 1) automatically determines whether or not the user is in a resting state based on the measurement result of the acceleration sensor 5. On the other hand, in this embodiment, it is determined whether or not the user himself is in a resting state, and this is instructed to the apparatus.

  As described above, the operation mode in the first embodiment is roughly divided into two modes. That is, there are two modes: a mode that operates as a health condition management device, and a mode that is used as an ordinary clock such as setting the time and date or using it as a stopwatch. On the other hand, the operation mode in this embodiment has three types of modes.

  The first mode is a mode that does not function as a health management device, and that functions as a normal watch if the device is incorporated in a wristwatch. The remaining two modes are modes that function as a health condition management device. That is, the second mode is a pulse wave measurement mode, and is a mode for measuring and analyzing a pulse wave before or after the user exercises on the assumption that the user is in a resting state. It is. Further, the third mode is a pulse measurement mode, which is a mode for performing exercise instruction by measuring the pulse rate while the user is exercising.

  Switching between these three modes is manually performed by the user using the button switch 117 described above. Here, the button switch 117 in the first embodiment is a switch for starting / stopping the operation as the health condition management apparatus. On the other hand, the button switch 117 in this embodiment functions as a button switch for cyclically switching the above three types of modes. That is, every time the button switch 117 is pressed, the mode changes cyclically as follows: first → second → third → first. Note that the mode is not determined while the mode is being switched, and the user may press the button switch 117 repeatedly until the desired mode is reached. Further, as apparent from the above description, since the user himself / herself makes a determination of a resting state using the acceleration sensor 5 in the first embodiment, in this embodiment, acceleration is essentially performed. The sensor 5 is unnecessary.

  Next, the operation of the health condition management apparatus according to the present embodiment will be outlined. First, the user sets the apparatus to the pulse wave measurement mode by operating the button switch 117 while taking care not to move the pulse wave sensor 4 before starting the exercise. Thus, the CPU 1 reads the pulse waveform from the sensor interface 6 for a predetermined time, calculates the resting pulse rate from the read pulse waveform, and stores it in the RAM 3.

  Next, the CPU 1 reads the pulse waveform for one waveform, obtains the acceleration pulse waveform, determines the peak a, valley b, peak c, and valley d and calculates the amplitude ratio d / a. The acceleration pulse wave waveform pattern is determined from a, and these values are stored in the RAM 3. Next, the exercise target values corresponding to this pattern are read from the ROM 2 and stored in the RAM 3, and these values are displayed on the display device 7. At that time, a message indicating that the pulse wave measurement before the exercise is completed is displayed on the display device 7 together.

  Then, since the user who confirmed the message operates the button switch 117 to set the apparatus to the pulse measurement mode, the CPU 1 reads the exercise start time from the clock circuit 9 and stores it in the RAM 3. The exercise time is set in the clock circuit 9. On the other hand, when the user who operates the button switch 117 starts exercising, during the user's exercise, the CPU 1 measures the pulse rate and the amount of exercise, and performs the exercise instruction as in the first embodiment.

  Thereafter, when an interrupt is input from the clock circuit 9, the CPU 1 instructs the user to stop the exercise. When the movement is stopped according to this instruction, the user operates the button switch 117 to switch the apparatus to the pulse wave measurement mode again. Thereby, CPU1 reads exercise end time, calculates net exercise time, and stores these in RAM3. Furthermore, the CPU 1 recognizes that the current pulse wave measurement mode is for pulse wave measurement after exercise, calculates the amplitude ratio d / a from the acquired pulse wave waveform according to the same procedure as before the exercise start. The acceleration pulse wave pattern is determined, and these values are stored in the RAM 3.

  Next, the CPU 1 displays the amplitude ratio d / a before the exercise, the amplitude ratio d / a after the exercise, and the total exercise amount during the exercise on the display device 7 and checks whether the exercise amount and the exercise time are appropriate, Warn the user if necessary. Further, the state of change in the pattern of the acceleration pulse wave waveform before and after exercise is examined, and an instruction according to the degree of improvement or deterioration of the state is appropriately given to the user. After this, it is the same as the above, and after the user arranges respiration so that the pulse rate at rest can be measured, the above operation is repeated from the operation of pulse wave measurement before the start of exercise.

  It should be noted that the user's body may move due to carelessness and hinder measurement in the pulse wave measurement mode. Therefore, the acceleration sensor 5 may be used as an auxiliary in consideration of such a case. That is, the CPU 1 periodically reads the output of the acceleration sensor 5 during the measurement of the pulse wave before and after exercise, and if it detects that the user's body is moving, warns the display device 7. A message may be displayed or an alarm built in the device may be used to issue a warning by sound.

  Further, by providing pulse wave measurement before exercise and pulse wave measurement after exercise as separate modes, the user may select one of these two modes according to before and after exercise. . Furthermore, although the present embodiment has been described as being applied to the first embodiment, it is naturally applicable to the second embodiment if the amplitude ratio d / a is replaced with LF, HF, “LF / HF”, and RR50. It is.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Next, a case in which the form of applying the health condition management apparatus having the above configuration to rehabilitation (hereinafter referred to as rehabilitation) guidance using an amplitude ratio d / a obtained from an acceleration pulse wave will be described. Rehabilitation usually consists of several stages, and as treatment progresses, it moves to a stage where more intense exercise is imposed, and the patient's condition improves accordingly. In this embodiment, exercise guidance for such a rehabilitation target person is automatically performed without attendant intervention.

  In the present embodiment, the ROM 2 in FIG. 1 stores “standard” target values such as the amplitude ratio d / a for each stage of rehabilitation, and has the amplitude ratio corresponding to the value of the amplitude ratio. The target value, upper limit value, lower limit value, and target value for exercise time that are considered appropriate for achieving the physical condition are stored.

  First, prepare for starting rehabilitation. That is, the CPU 1 captures a patient's pulse wave, obtains an acceleration pulse wave, obtains each amplitude ratio, and computes a resting pulse rate. As described below, these values represent the status of the rehabilitation subject on the day of performing the rehabilitation. Therefore, the “standard” target value of the amplitude ratio stored in the ROM 2 is corrected with the measured amplitude ratio and the value of the pulse rate at rest, and the target amplitude ratio that matches the physical condition of the patient at the start of rehabilitation. Is calculated and stored in the RAM 3. Next, the exercise intensity target value, upper limit value, lower limit value, and exercise time target value corresponding to the target amplitude ratio are read from the ROM 2 and notified to the patient together with the target amplitude ratio. In correcting the standard amplitude ratio, both the measured amplitude ratio and the pulse rate may be used, or only one of the information may be used.

  Next, the CPU 1 displays a message prompting the start of rehabilitation on the display device 7. As a result, the patient who sees the message starts the first-stage exercise. The CPU 1 measures the pulse rate while the patient is exercising, calculates the exercise intensity from the measured pulse rate, checks whether it is within the range of the upper limit value and the lower limit value described above, and determines the appropriate exercise intensity. Instruct patients appropriately to maintain On the other hand, the momentum is obtained and accumulated at predetermined time intervals.

  Then, after the above target exercise time has elapsed, when the CPU 1 instructs the patient to end the exercise and the patient interrupts the exercise, the CPU 1 takes in the pulse wave again and calculates the amplitude ratio after the exercise. Check whether the target value of the amplitude ratio at has been reached. If the target value has not yet been reached, the patient is instructed to continue exercise until the measured value reaches the target value.

  On the other hand, when the measurement result reaches the target value for the exercise at the current stage, the CPU 1 displays on the display device 7 a message prompting the user to move to the next stage of exercise, and the new amplitude ratio at the second stage. After reading the standard target values from the ROM 2 and correcting them in the same manner as described above, the new exercise intensity target values, upper limit values, lower limit values, and exercise time target values corresponding to the corrected amplitude ratio target values Is displayed. Thus, the patient can finish the first stage exercise and shift to the second stage exercise. In this way, the patient can follow the rehabilitation menu step by step.

  When all steps are completed, when the CPU 1 displays a message indicating the end of rehabilitation on the display device 7, the patient finishes the rehabilitation. In the present embodiment, the amplitude ratio d / a is described as being used. However, it is naturally possible to replace this with LF, HF, “LF / HF”, and RR50.

[Fifth Embodiment]
Next, a case where the user applies the health condition management apparatus having the above configuration to his / her own health management will be described. The CPU 1 captures a pulse wave from the sensor interface 6 at a predetermined measurement time every day. Here, in the present embodiment, the measurement is performed every two hours. Then, the amplitude ratio d / a and the like are calculated by the same procedure as in the first embodiment, and these calculation results are stored in the RAM 3 together with the time read from the clock circuit 9. If the user is exercising at the measurement time, the amplitude ratio cannot be calculated. In this case, the output of the acceleration sensor 5 is monitored and the amplitude ratio is calculated after waiting for the exercise to end. Like that.

  On the other hand, at each measurement time (for example, 2:00 pm), the CPU 1 reads the amplitude ratio obtained at the same time (that is, 2:00 pm) from the RAM 3 in the past predetermined period (one week in the present embodiment), respectively. A moving average is obtained from these amplitude ratios and the current amplitude ratio (that is, 2:00 pm). The moving average is stored in the RAM 3 together with the current amplitude ratio and measurement time.

  Next, the moving average value calculated at the same time on the previous day (that is, 2:00 pm on the previous day) is read from the RAM 3, and the moving average value is compared with the current amplitude ratio. Then, it is checked whether the difference between the two has exceeded a certain value, and if it exceeds the certain value, a warning message is displayed on the display device 7 so that the current state deviates from the average state in the past week. Can be used to alert the user.

  In the above description, the amplitude ratio obtained from the pulse wave is used as it is. However, if the acceleration sensor 5 is regarded as an activity amount monitor, a correlation between the movement of the user's body and the acceleration pulse wave can be obtained. Therefore, when calculating the amplitude ratio, the measured amplitude ratio value may be corrected based on the correlation information and the output value of the acceleration sensor 5.

  In addition, the change in the amplitude ratio during the past predetermined period (one week, one month, one year, etc.) stored in the RAM 3 is displayed in a graph on the display device 7 to notify the user of the change in the blood circulation state. Is possible. In the above description, the amplitude ratio d / a is used. However, it is naturally possible to use LF, HF, “LF / HF”, and RR50.

[Application form]
In the above embodiment, various notifications to the user are displayed as messages, but notifications may be made with sounds. For example, when this apparatus is combined with a wristwatch, an existing alarm function incorporated in the wristwatch can be used. In addition, in the case of other portable devices, if a sound source using a piezoelectric element or a speaker is provided, notification using not only an alarm sound but also an audio message can be realized. By making such a sound notification, even a visually impaired person can use the apparatus without any trouble. Further, during the exercise, the user does not need to see the displayed message one by one.

  It is also conceivable to devise a method for the user to recognize the difference by changing the type of music to be played or changing the pitch of the sound in accordance with the exercise evaluation result or the content of the instruction to the user. Furthermore, you may make it notify using a message and a sound together. In addition, for the hearing impaired, you may make a tactile sensation instead of a message or sound. For example, it may be possible to attach a diaphragm to the back of a wristwatch and vibrate the diaphragm, or to notify the user by vibration as a structure that vibrates the entire wristwatch. Furthermore, by giving changes to the vibration intensity and vibration time, it is possible to make notifications in various manners as with messages and voices.

  In the above embodiment, the acceleration sensor 5 is disposed close to the pulse wave sensor 4, but in reality, the acceleration sensor 5 may be attached anywhere on the human body. In the above embodiment, the acceleration pulse wave is used, but this is only because the acceleration pulse wave is best known and easy to understand. Accordingly, the present invention can be applied to any of the original waveform of the pulse wave, the waveform of the first derivative, and the derivative waveform of higher order than the acceleration pulse wave.

  Here, as an example, a case where the original waveform of the pulse wave is used will be described briefly. FIG. 12 shows a typical original waveform of a pulse wave. In this figure, (a) is a so-called flat pulse, which is a three-peak wave characterized by having three peaks. Here, P1 to P5 in the figure are inflection points (peaks) of the pulse wave. On the other hand, FIG. 12B shows a so-called pulse wave, which is a bimodal wave characterized by having two peaks. On the other hand, FIG. 12C shows a pulse wave called a string pulse.

  When the relationship between each of these pulse waves and the exercise performed by the user is examined, generally, the normal pulse shown in FIG. 12A is seen before the exercise. Even when exercise is performed, if the exercise is too light, a flat pulse is observed even after exercise. On the other hand, if the exercise performed is moderate, the smoothing shown in FIG. 12B is observed after the exercise. On the other hand, if the exercise performed is excessive, the chordal state shown in FIG. 12C is exhibited after the exercise.

  In this way, when the original pulse wave waveform is used, it is possible to determine whether the pulse wave waveform after exercise is classified as a flat pulse, a smooth pulse, or a chordal pulse. It can be seen that can be evaluated. Here, in order to extract the inflection points P1 to P5 from the measured pulse wave and capture the characteristics of the pulse wave, for example, a patent application by the inventor of the present invention (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-197569, stress evaluation). It is possible to use the method detailed in the apparatus and physiological age evaluation apparatus. Therefore, the outline will be described below.

According to this method, the following information is extracted from the waveform of each beat of the pulse wave to extract the characteristics of the pulse wave. That is, as shown in FIG.
1) Pulse pressures y1 to y5 at inflection points P1 to P5 that appear sequentially in each beat of the pulse wave,
2) Elapsed time T1 to T5 until each inflection point P1 to P5 appears and elapsed time T6 until the pulse wave of the next beat rises, based on the pulse wave start time t0 when the pulse wave rises.
3) Whether each of the inflection points P1 to P5 is a maximum or a minimum. In the ROM 2 of FIG. 1, the elapsed time T1 to T6, the pulse pressures y1 to y5, which are the characteristics of the pulse wave relating to each of the flat pulse, the smooth pulse and the chordal pulse, the maximum / minimum of each inflection point, Store in advance.

  In this case, the operation of the health condition management apparatus is roughly as follows. First, the CPU 1 extracts only the frequency component lower than the predetermined cut-off frequency from the captured pulse wave waveform, and stores the obtained waveform data in the RAM 3. Next, a process for obtaining a time derivative of the pulse wave waveform including only the low frequency component is performed. Next, a moving average within a predetermined period is calculated for the calculated time differential value, and the calculation result is stored in the RAM 3 as inclination information. This inclination information takes a positive value if the pulse pressure tends to increase, and takes a negative value if it tends to decrease.

  Next, the CPU 1 examines the result of the above calculation, and when 0 is output as the time differential value, the CPU 1 uses this as an inflection point and the waveform sampling time and pulse pressure (pulse pressure y1 to pulse pressure y1˜ (corresponding to y5). In addition, by referring to the tilt information, it is determined whether each inflection point is a maximum or a minimum. That is, if the slope information obtained corresponding to a certain inflection point is positive, this inflection point is a maximum point, and if the slope information is negative, this inflection point is a minimum point. Further, every time an inflection point is detected, the CPU 1 obtains a difference between the pulse pressure at the inflection point and the pulse pressure at the inflection point detected immediately before, and stores the obtained difference data as stroke information to the RAM 3. Store.

  And after performing the above process about all the pulse waves within measurement time, CPU1 performs the process which isolate | separates a pulse wave for every beat. First, the CPU 1 extracts the inclination information and stroke information corresponding to each inflection point from the RAM 3, and selects one having positive inclination information from the extracted stroke information. Next, a predetermined number of strokes having large stroke information are selected from the top, and the one corresponding to the median value is selected from among them, and the rising portion of each pulse wave is determined. As a result, the rising start time can be obtained as the pulse wave start time t0.

  As described above, the inflection points P1 to P5, the maximum / minimum of the inflection points, and the pulse pressures y1 to y5 at the inflection points are determined. Further, the elapsed times T1 to T5 are calculated by obtaining the difference between the waveform collection time and the pulse wave start time t0 at each inflection point described above. Further, an elapsed time T6 is obtained for each beat of the pulse wave by obtaining a time difference between the pulse wave start times t0 between the beats of the adjacent pulse waves.

  And for each of elapsed time T1 to T5, pulse pressure y1 to y5, maximum / minimum at inflection points P1 to P5, the measured pulse wave and the predetermined pulse wave stored in ROM 2 The pulse wave type that best fits the measured pulse wave can be selected from flat pulse, smooth pulse, and chord pulse, and the movement performed by the user can be evaluated from the pulse wave type. it can.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the health condition management apparatus by one Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a figure showing the various aspects of the acceleration pulse wave in a fingertip volume pulse wave, (b) shows the range of amplitude ratio d / a and amplitude ratio c / a about each pattern of (a). It is a figure. It is a figure at the time of combining the same apparatus with a wristwatch. When the same apparatus is combined with a wristwatch, it is a plan view showing the structure of the wristwatch in more detail. It is a figure which shows the other aspect which combined the same apparatus with the wristwatch. It is a figure at the time of combining the same apparatus with a necklace. It is a figure at the time of combining the same apparatus with spectacles. It is a figure showing the relationship between the momentum of the exercise | movement which the user implemented, and the change rate of amplitude ratio d / a measured before and after exercise. It is a figure which shows the relationship between an electrocardiogram and an RR interval. It is a figure which shows the relationship between an electrocardiogram and a pulse wave. (A) is a figure which shows the relationship between the RR interval fluctuation | variation, and the frequency component which comprises this fluctuation | variation. Moreover, (b) is the figure which showed the result of having performed the spectrum analysis of RR space | interval fluctuation | variation. It is a figure which shows the original original waveform of a pulse wave, Comprising: (a) is a flat pulse, (b) is a smooth pulse, (c) is a chord pulse. It is a figure for demonstrating the characteristic of the waveform of a pulse wave about 1 beat of a pulse wave. It is a figure showing the waveform of a fingertip volume pulse wave, (a) is the measured original waveform, (b) is a velocity pulse wave, (c) is an acceleration pulse wave. It is the figure which took out one waveform part of the acceleration pulse wave in a fingertip volume pulse wave. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the acceleration plethysmograph by 1st prior art. It is a figure showing the mode of the division | segmentation of the acceleration pulse wave waveform performed when classifying the measured acceleration pulse wave in the same technique. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the acceleration pulse wave meter by the 2nd prior art.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... CPU, 3 ... RAM, 4 ... Pulse wave sensor, 5 ... Acceleration sensor, 6 ... Sensor interface, 7 ... Display apparatus, 8 ... Display control circuit

Claims (1)

A pulse wave measuring means for measuring a user's pulse wave;
Body movement measuring means for measuring the user's body movement;
A calculating means for obtaining an index representing the state of blood circulation of the user from the waveform of the pulse wave, wherein the index is (1) an HF component that is a fluctuation corresponding to respiration in the pulse wave, and (2) a pulse wave. LF component, which is a fluctuation of a period of about 10 seconds in (1), (3) ratio of HF component to LF component, and (4) R wave of the first heartbeat and the next A calculation means including at least one of the number of the intervals in which the interval between the heartbeat and the R wave is changed by a predetermined amount;
Storage means in which the exercise performed by the user consists of a plurality of stages, and the target value of the indicator to be achieved by the exercise of each stage is stored in advance for each stage;
Comparing means for comparing the index calculated by the calculating means with the target value corresponding to each exercise stage when the user finishes the exercise of each stage;
As a result of the comparison, when the index calculated by the calculation means has reached the target value, the health condition comprising: notification means for notifying the user to perform the next stage of exercise Management device.

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