JP3753424B2 - Chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film, photoresist base material, and bump forming method using the same - Google Patents
Chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film, photoresist base material, and bump forming method using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP3753424B2 JP3753424B2 JP2002110283A JP2002110283A JP3753424B2 JP 3753424 B2 JP3753424 B2 JP 3753424B2 JP 2002110283 A JP2002110283 A JP 2002110283A JP 2002110283 A JP2002110283 A JP 2002110283A JP 3753424 B2 JP3753424 B2 JP 3753424B2
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- chemically amplified
- acid
- photoresist composition
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N mono-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
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- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NZUPFZNVGSWLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound BrCC(Br)CN1C(=O)N(CC(Br)CBr)C(=O)N(CC(Br)CBr)C1=O NZUPFZNVGSWLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexoxyhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCOCCCCCC BPIUIOXAFBGMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGRAOKJKVGDSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5-trimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(O)=C1 OGRAOKJKVGDSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NXXYKOUNUYWIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-Dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1O NXXYKOUNUYWIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFQFFNWLTHFJOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NC(C=2C=C3OCOC3=CC=2)=N1 BFQFFNWLTHFJOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCIXLYIKKUQVST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C=CC=2N=C(N=C(N=2)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=C1 XCIXLYIKKUQVST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010187 litholrubine BK Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKSDGJDHHZEWEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-hydroxycinnamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 KKSDGJDHHZEWEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJFXRHURBJZNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N meta--hydroxybenzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 IJFXRHURBJZNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQKZBCPTCWJTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound COCC1=CC=CC=C1 GQKZBCPTCWJTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSGBMDFJWFIEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(O)C(C)C YSGBMDFJWFIEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pyruvate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=O CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-methylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(C)CC GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIKUXBYRTXDNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-phenylformamide Chemical compound O=CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JIKUXBYRTXDNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDLRSIQOZFLEPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 HDLRSIQOZFLEPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IZJVVXCHJIQVOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro(phenyl)methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IZJVVXCHJIQVOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006502 nitrobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-toluenesulfonic acid Substances CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXKBAZVOQAHGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NIXKBAZVOQAHGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBOGDLCGFBSZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsulfanylbenzene;trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C=1C=CC=CC=1[SH+]C1=CC=CC=C1 VBOGDLCGFBSZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDGFORICQHRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC(C)C XDGFORICQHRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005767 propoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[#8]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ILPVOWZUBFRIAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=O ILPVOWZUBFRIAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCOC JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(O)=O FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003459 sulfonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- YIBXWXOYFGZLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N syringic aldehyde Natural products CC12CCC(C3(CCC(=O)C(C)(C)C3CC=3)C)C=3C1(C)CCC2C1COC(C)(C)C(O)C(O)C1 YIBXWXOYFGZLRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KKSDGJDHHZEWEP-SNAWJCMRSA-N trans-3-coumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 KKSDGJDHHZEWEP-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLOQLWBIJZDHET-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylsulfonium Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WLOQLWBIJZDHET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
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- Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
- Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物、ホトレジスト基材およびこれを用いたバンプ形成方法に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、本発明は、回路基板の製造およびCSP(チップサイズパッケージ)に代表される半導体や電子部品の回路基板への実装の際に行われるバンプ形成、配線形成、メタルポスト形成、層間絶縁層、回路保護膜、および精密部品加工・製造などのホトファブリケーションに好適なアルカリ現像可能な厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ホトファブリケーションとは、感光性樹脂組成物を加工物表面に塗布し、ホトリソグラフィー技術によって塗膜をパターニングし、これをマスクとして化学エッチング、電解エッチングまたは電気メッキを主体とするエレクトロフォーミング技術の単独、あるいは組み合わせにより各種精密部品を製造する技術の総称であり、現在の精密微細加工技術の主流となっている。
近年、電子機器のダウンサイジングに伴い、LSIの高密度実装技術が進み、LSIの多ピン薄膜実装化、パッケージサイズの小型化、フリップチップ方式による2次元実装技術、3次元実装技術に基づいた実装密度の向上が図られている。このような高密度実装技術においては接続用端子であるパンプと呼ばれる高さ20μm以上の突起電極や、ウエーハ上のペリフェラル端子から実装端子の位置までの再配線、メタルポストと呼ばれる超厚膜配線等が基板上に高精度に配置されることが必要であり、今後、さらなるLSIの小型化に対応して高密度実装技術に対する要求はより一層強くなってきている。
このようなパッケージ製造やICバンピング工程に使用される材料として厚膜用ホトレジストが用いられる。なお、ここでいう厚膜とは、20〜150μmの膜厚を意味する。このような厚膜は、例えば、この厚膜パターンをマスクにして、メッキ工程によるバンプやメタルポストの形成や、メタルエッチング工程によるリードフレームの形成、ドライエッチングに対するマスク用途に用いられる。
【0003】
例えば特開平10−207057号公報、特開2000−39709号公報、特開2000−66386号公報には、パンプ形成用や配線形成用として用いられる厚膜用感光性樹脂組成物について記載されている。しかし、これら従来の厚膜用感光性樹脂組成物では、厚膜なのでレジスト膜全域を十分に反応させるために多くの反応開始剤が必要であった。しかし、反応開始剤が多い場合、相溶性が悪くなる傾向や、保存安定性が低下する傾向がある。従って、より高感度な反応開始剤が求められていた。
【0004】
一方、高感度な感光性樹脂組成物として、酸発生剤を用いた化学増幅型レジストが知られている。化学増幅型レジストの特徴は、放射線照射により含有成分である酸発生剤から発生したプロトン酸が、露光後の加熱処理により樹脂組成物中のベース樹脂等に対し酸触媒反応を起こすことである。このようにして光反応効率(一光子当たりの反応)が1未満の従来のレジストに比べて飛躍的な高感度化を達成している。化学増幅型ネガ型レジストの代表的な例としてはSPIEプロシーディング(Proceeding of SPIE)、1086巻、34−47頁(1989年)にL.E.Boganらのポリビニルフェノールとメラミン誘導体を組み合わせたレジストが記載されている。しかし、これらの化学増幅型レジストを使用して厚膜を作成した場合、ひび(クラック)が生じ、必要なメッキ耐性が得られなかった。
また、従来の厚膜用ホトレジストを露光する場合、露光時の光の拡散等の問題から、露光部がレジストに接触するコンタクト露光が好適に用いられていた。しかし、露光部とレジスト部に間隔のあるプロキシミティ露光(ギャップ露光)の方が製造工程上有利であり、その露光方法でも十分な性能を有する厚膜用レジストが求められていた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって本発明の目的は、前記の従来技術の問題を解決し、高感度で、メッキ耐性が良好である上に、バンプ、再配線、メタルポスト形成用材料、またはCSP用材料として好適な厚膜形成に適する厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物、ホトレジスト基材およびこれを用いたバンプ形成方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明は、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂、(B)放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物および(C)酸の存在下で架橋化反応する化合物を含有する化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物において、前記(A)成分が、(イ)重量平均分子量5000〜10000の範囲にあるノボラック樹脂および(ロ)少なくともヒドロキシスチレン構成単位を有し、重量平均分子量5000以下である重合体の混合物からなることを特徴とする厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物である。
請求項2の発明は、(イ)成分が、酸触媒の存在下、m−クレゾールとアルデヒド類とを縮合させて得られたm−クレゾールノボラック樹脂からなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物である。
請求項3の発明は、(A)成分において、(イ)成分と(ロ)成分の総和を100重量部とした場合、(イ)成分が50〜98重量部、(ロ)成分が50〜2重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物である。
請求項4の発明は、(B)成分が、一般式
R−SO2O−N=C(CN)−
(式中、Rは置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基またはアリール基である)
で表されるオキシムスルホネート基を少なくとも2個有する化合物である請求項1記載の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物である。
請求項5の発明は、(B)成分が、一般式
R−SO2O−N=C(CN)−A−C(CN)=N−OSO2−R
(式中、Aは二価の有機基であり、Rは置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基またはアリール基である)
で表される化合物である請求項4記載の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物である。
請求項6の発明は、(B)成分の一般式におけるAがフェニレン基、Rが低級アルキル基である請求項5記載の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物である。
請求項7の発明は、(A)成分、(B)成分および(C)成分の総和を100重量部とした場合、(B)成分が0.1〜1重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物である。
請求項8の発明は、基板とその上に設けられたネガ型ホトレジスト層とを有するネガ型ホトレジスト基材において、前記ネガ型ホトレジスト層が、請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物からなり、かつ膜厚20〜150μmを有することを特徴とするホトレジスト基材である。
請求項9の発明は、電子部品の基材上に、請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物を塗布し、得られた塗膜に選択的露光、加熱処理および現像処理を順次施し、ネガ型レジストパターンを形成させたのち、このレジストパターンをマスクとしてメッキ処理を行なうことを特徴とするバンプ形成方法である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは鋭意研究の結果、メッキ液の種類によってレジストに求められる特性が変わることを解明し、その構成要素を最適化することによって前記問題点を解決し、特にハンダメッキ、銅メッキ工程においてより好適に用いられる厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物を見出した。
【0008】
以下、本発明の組成物について説明する。
(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂
(A)成分は、(イ)重量平均分子量が5000〜10000の範囲にあるノボラック樹脂および(ロ)少なくともヒドロキシスチレン構成単位を有し、重量平均分子量が5000以下である重合体の混合物からなるアルカリ可溶性樹脂である。
【0009】
(イ)ノボラック樹脂
本発明に用いられる(イ)ノボラック樹脂は、例えばフェノール性水酸基を持つ芳香族化合物(以下、単に「フェノール類」という)とアルデヒド類とを酸触媒下で付加縮合させることにより得られる。この際使用されるフェノール類としては、例えばフェノール、o−クレゾール、m−クレゾール、p−クレゾール、o−エチルフェノール、m−エチルフェノール、p−エチルフェノール、o−ブチルフェノール、m−ブチルフェノール、p−ブチルフェノール、2,3−キシレノール、2,4−キシレノール、2,5−キシレノール、2,6−キシレノール、3,4−キシレノール、3,5−キシレノール、2,3,5−トリメチルフェノール、3,4,5−トリメチルフェノール、p−フェニルフェノール、レゾルシノール、ホドロキノン、ヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル、ピロガロール、フロログリシノール、ヒドロキシジフェニル、ビスフェノールA、没食子酸、没食子酸エステル、α−ナフトール、β−ナフトール等が挙げられる。またアルデヒド類としては、例えばホルムアルデヒド、パラホルムアルデヒド、フルフラール、ベンズアルデヒド、ニトロベンズアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド等が挙げられる。付加縮合反応時の触媒として、特に限定されるものではないが例えば酸触媒では、塩酸、硝酸、硫酸、蟻酸、蓚酸、酢酸等が使用される。
(イ)アルカリ可溶性ノボラック樹脂の重量平均分子量は、5000〜10000が好ましい。また、m−クレゾールとアルデヒド類とを縮合させて得られたm−クレゾールノボラック樹脂であれば、とくに厚膜用の化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物に好適である。
【0010】
(ロ)ヒドロキシスチレン構成単位を有する重合体
本発明に用いられる(ロ)成分は、少なくともヒドロキシスチレン構成単位を有する重合体が挙げられる。
例えば該重合体は、p−ヒドロキシスチレンなどのヒドロキシスチレン、α−メチルヒドロキシスチレン、α−エチルヒドロキシスチレンなどのα−アルキルヒドロキシスチレンモノマーのラジカル重合体またはイオン重合体、ヒドロキシスチレン、α−アルキルヒドロキシスチレン等のヒドロキシスチレン構成単位と前記ヒドロキシスチレン構成単位以外の構成単位からなる共重合体が挙げられる。前記ヒドロキシスチレン構成単位以外の構成単位を形成するモノマーとして好ましいものは、ヒドロキシスチレンのヒドロキシル基を他の基で置換したモノマーまたはα,β−不飽和二重結合を有するモノマーなどを挙げることができる。前記ヒドロキシスチレンのヒドロキシル基を置換する他の基としては、酸により解離しないアルカリ溶解抑制基が使用される。前記アルカリ溶解抑制基としては、置換または未置換のベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基、置換または未置換のナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基、置換または未置換のベンゼンカルボニルオキシ基、置換または未置換のナフタレンカルボニルオキシ基などが挙げられ、置換または未置換のベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基の具体例としては、ベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基、クロロベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基、メチルベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基、エチルベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基、プロピルベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基、メトキシベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基、エトキシベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基、プロポキシベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基、アセトアミノベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基などが、また置換または未置換のナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基の具体例として、ナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基、クロロナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基、メチルナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基、エチルナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基、プロピルナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基、メトキシナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基、エトキシナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基、プロポキシナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基、アセトアミノナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基などが好ましい。さらに、置換または未置換のベンゼンカルボニルオキシ基および置換または未置換のナフタレンカルボニルオキシ基としては前記置換または未置換のスルホニルオキシ基をカルボニルオキシ基に置き換えたものが挙げられる。中でも、アセトアミノベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基またはアセトアミノナフタレンスルホニルオキシ基が好ましい。
また、α,β−不飽和二重結合を有するモノマーとしては、具体的にスチレン、クロロスチレン、クロロメチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、α−メチルスチレン等のスチレン系モノマー、アクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸フェニル等のアクリル酸モノマー、酢酸ビニル、安息香酸ビニル等の酢酸ビニル系モノマーなどが挙げられるが、中でもスチレンが好ましい。ヒドロキシスチレンとスチレンとから得られた例えばポリ(4−ヒドロキシスチレン−スチレン)、ポリ(4−ヒドロキシスチレン−メチルスチレン)共重合体などは高解像性を示すとともに耐熱性も高く好適である。
前記(ロ)成分は重量平均分子量が5000以下、好ましくは4000以下の範囲がよい。重量平均分子量が5000を超えると解像性が著しく低下する。
【0011】
なお、(A)成分において、(イ)成分と(ロ)成分の総和を100重量部とした場合、(イ)成分が50〜98重量部、好ましくは55〜95重量部、(ロ)成分が50〜2重量部、好ましくは45〜5重量部であるのがよい。このような配合割合は、とくに厚膜用の化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物に好適である。
【0012】
(B)放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物
本発明に用いられる(B)成分は、酸発生剤であり、光により直接若しくは間接的に酸を発生する化合物であれば特に限定されないが、具体的には、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−[2−(2−フリル)エテニル]−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−[2−(5−メチル−2−フリル)エテニル]−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−[2−(5−エチル−2−フリル)エテニル]−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−[2−(5−プロピル−2−フリル)エテニル]−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−[2−(3,5−ジメトキシフェニル)エテニル]−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−[2−(3,5−ジエトキシフェニル)エテニル]−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−[2−(3,5−ジプロポキシフェニル)エテニル]−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−[2−(3−メトキシ−5−エトキシフェニル)エテニル]−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−[2−(3−メトキシ−5−プロポキシフェニル)エテニル]−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−[2−(3,4−メチレンジオキシフェニル)エテニル]−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス(トリクロロメチル)−6−(3,4−メチレンジオキシフェニル)−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス−トリクロロメチル−6−(3−ブロモ−4メトキシ)フェニル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス−トリクロロメチル−6−(2−ブロモ−4メトキシ)フェニル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス−トリクロロメチル−6−(2−ブロモ−4メトキシ)スチリルフェニル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ビス−トリクロロメチル−6−(3−ブロモ−4メトキシ)スチリルフェニル−s−トリアジン、2‐(4‐メトキシフェニル)‐4,6‐ビス(トリクロロメチル)‐1,3,5‐トリアジン、2‐(4‐メトキシナフチル)‐4,6‐ビス(トリクロロメチル)‐1,3,5‐トリアジン、2‐[2‐(2‐フリル)エテニル]‐4,6‐ビス(トリクロロメチル)‐1,3,5‐トリアジン、2‐[2‐(5‐メチル‐2‐フリル)エテニル]‐4,6‐ビス(トリクロロメチル)‐1,3,5‐トリアジン、2‐[2‐(3,5‐ジメトキシフェニル)エテニル]‐4,6‐ビス(トリクロロメチル)‐1,3,5‐トリアジン、2‐[2‐(3,4‐ジメトキシフェニル)エテニル]‐4,6‐ビス(トリクロロメチル)‐1,3,5‐トリアジン、2‐(3,4‐メチレンジオキシフェニル)‐4,6‐ビス(トリクロロメチル)‐1,3,5‐トリアジン、トリス(1,3‐ジブロモプロピル)‐1,3,5‐トリアジン、トリス(2,3‐ジブロモプロピル)‐1,3,5‐トリアジン等のハロゲン含有トリアジン化合物およびトリス(2,3‐ジブロモプロピル)イソシアヌレート等の下記の一般式で表されるハロゲン含有トリアジン化合物;
【0013】
【化1】
【0014】
(式中、R1〜R3は、それぞれ同一であっても異なってもよく、ハロゲン化アルキル基を示す)
【0015】
α−(p−トルエンスルホニルオキシイミノ)−フェニルアセトニトリル、α−(ベンゼンスルホニルオキシイミノ)−2,4−ジクロロフェニルアセトニトリル、α−(ベンゼンスルホニルオキシイミノ)−2,6−ジクロロフェニルアセトニトリル、α−(2−クロロベンゼンスルホニルオキシイミノ)−4−メトキシフェニルアセトニトリル、α−(エチルスルホニルオキシイミノ)−1−シクロペンテニルアセトニトリル、下記一般式で表される化合物;
【0016】
【化2】
【0017】
(式中、R4は、一価〜三価の有機基、R5は置換、未置換の飽和炭化水素基、不飽和炭化水素基または芳香族性化合物基を示し、nは1〜3の自然数を示す。ここで芳香族性化合物基とは、芳香族化合物に特有な物理的・化学的性質を示す化合物の基を指し、例えばフェニル基、ナフチル基などの芳香族炭化水素基や、フリル基、チエニル基などの複素環基が挙げられる。これらは環上に適当な置換基、例えばハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基などを1個以上有していてもよい。また、R5は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基が特に好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基が挙げられる。特にR4が芳香族性化合物基、R5が低級アルキル基の化合物が好ましい。上記一般式で表わされる酸発生剤としては、n=1の時、R4がフェニル基、メチルフェニル基、メトキシフェニル基のいずれかであって、R5がメチル基の化合物、具体的にはα−(メチルスルホニルオキシイミノ)−1−フェニルアセトニトリル、α−(メチルスルホニルオキシイミノ)−1−(p−メチルフェニル)アセトニトリル、α−(メチルスルホニルオキシイミノ)−1−(p−メトキシフェニル)アセトニトリルが挙げられる。n=2の時、上記一般式で表わされる酸発生剤としては、具体的には下記化学式で表される酸発生剤が挙げられる。)
【0018】
【化3】
【0019】
ビス(p‐トルエンスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(1,1‐ジメチルエチルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(シクロヘキシルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(2,4‐ジメチルフェニルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン等のビススルホニルジアゾメタン類;p‐トルエンスルホン酸2‐ニトロベンジル、p‐トルエンスルホン酸2,6‐ジニトロベンジル、ニトロベンジルトシレート、ジニトロベンジルトシレート、ニトロベンジルスルホネート、ニトロベンジルカルボネート、ジニトロベンジルカルボネート等のニトロベンジル誘導体;ピロガロールトリメシレート、ピルガロールトリトシレート、ベンジルトシレート、ベンジルスルホネート、N−メチルスルホニルオキシスクシンイミド、N−トリクロロメチルスルホニルオキシスクシンイミド、N−フェニルスルホニルオキシマレイミド、N−メチルスルホニルオキシフタルイミド等のスルホン酸エステル;N−ヒドロキシフタルイミド、N−ヒドロキシナフタルイミド等のトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸エステル;ジフェニルヨードニウムヘキサフルオロフォスフェート、(4‐メトキシフェニル)フェニルヨードニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、ビス(p‐tert‐ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、トリフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロフォスフェート、(4‐メトキシフェニル)ジフェニルスルホニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、(p‐tert‐ブチルフェニル)ジフェニルスルホニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート等のオニウム塩;ベンゾイントシレート、α‐メチルベンゾイントシレートなどのベンゾイントシレート類;その他のジフェニルヨードニウム塩、トリフェニルスルホニウム塩、フェニルジアゾニウム塩、ベンジルカルボネート等が挙げられる。
【0020】
前記の中でも、(B)成分として、一般式
R−SO2O−N=C(CN)−
(式中、Rは置換もしくは無置換の、例えば炭素数1〜8のアルキル基またはアリール基である)
で表されるオキシムスルホネート基を少なくとも2個有する化合物、とくに一般式
R−SO2O−N=C(CN)−A−C(CN)=N−OSO2−R
(式中、Aは二価の、例えば置換または未置換の炭素数1〜8のアルキレン基または芳香族性化合物基であり、Rは置換もしくは無置換の、例えば炭素数1〜8のアルキル基またはアリール基である)
で表される化合物が好ましい。ここで芳香族性化合物基とは、芳香族化合物に特有な物理的・化学的性質を示す化合物の基を指し、例えばフェニル基、ナフチル基などの芳香族炭化水素基や、フリル基、チエニル基などの複素環基が挙げられる。これらは環上に適当な置換基、例えばハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基などを1個以上有していてもよい。さらに前記一般式においてAがフェニレン基、Rが例えば炭素数1〜4の低級アルキル基であるのがさらに好ましい。
【0021】
なお、前記(B)成分は、(A)〜(C)成分の総和100重量部に対して0.01〜5重量部、好ましくは0.1〜1重量部の範囲で含有することができる。(B)成分が0.01重量部未満では、熱や光による架橋硬化が十分に行われず得られた厚膜の耐メッキ性、耐薬品性、密着性の低下や、形成されたバンプ形状が不良であることがあり好ましくなく、また5重量部を超えると現像時に現像不良を起こすことがあり好ましくない。
とくに厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物において(B)成分が0.1〜1重量部の範囲で含有する場合、組成物の各種特性のバランスがとれ、好ましい。
【0022】
(C)酸の存在下で架橋化反応する化合物
本発明で使用される(C)成分(架橋剤)としては、公知の架橋剤が挙げられ、アミノ化合物、例えばメラミン樹脂、尿素樹脂、グアナミン樹脂、グリコールウリル−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、スクシニルアミド−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、エチレン尿素−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂等が用いられるが、特にアルコキシメチル化メラミン樹脂やアルコキシメチル化尿素樹脂等のアルコキシメチル化アミノ樹脂等が好適に使用できる。前記アルコキシメチル化アミノ樹脂は、例えば、沸騰水溶液中でメラミンまたは尿素をホルマリンと反応させて得た縮合物を、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、プロピルアルコール、ブチルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール等の低級アルコール類でエーテル化させ、次いで反応液を冷却して析出させることで製造できる。前記アルコキシメチル化アミノ樹脂としては、具体的にメトキシメチル化メラミン樹脂、エトキシメチル化メラミン樹脂、プロポキシメチル化メラミン樹脂、ブトキシメチル化メラミン樹脂、メトキシメチル化尿素樹脂、エトキシメチル化尿素樹脂、プロポキシメチル化尿素樹脂、ブトキシメチル化尿素樹脂等が挙げられる。前記アルコキシメチル化アミノ樹脂の単独、または2種以上の組み合わせが用いられる。特にアルコキシメチル化メラミン樹脂は、放射線の照射量の変化に対するレジストパターンの寸法変化量が小さく安定したレジストパターンを形成できて好ましい。中でも、メトキシメチル化メラミン樹脂、エトキシメチル化メラミン樹脂、プロポキシメチル化メラミン樹脂およびブトキシメチル化メラミン樹脂が好適である。
【0023】
前記(C)成分は、(A)〜(C)成分の総量100重量部に対して1〜30重量部の範囲で含有することができる。前記(C)成分が1重量部未満では、得られた厚膜の耐メッキ性、耐薬品性、密着性の低下や、形成されたバンプ形状が不良であることがあり好ましくなく、また30重量部を超えると現像時に現像不良を起こすことがあり好ましくない。
【0024】
さらに、本発明の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物は、粘度調整のため有機溶剤を適宜配合することができる。前記有機溶剤としては具体的にはエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジプロピルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテルアセテート、2−メトキシブチルアセテート、3−メトキシブチルアセテート、4−メトキシブチルアセテート、2−メチル−3−メトキシブチルアセテート、3−メチル−3−メトキシブチルアセテート、3−エチル−3−メトキシブチルアセテート、2−エトキシブチルアセテート、4−エトキシブチルアセテート、4−プロポキシブチルアセテート、2−メトキシペンチルアセテート、3−メトキシペンチルアセテート、4−メトキシペンチルアセテート、2−メチル−3−メトキシペンチルアセテート、3−メチル−3−メトキシペンチルアセテート、3−メチル−4−メトキシペンチルアセテート、4−メチル−4−メトキシペンチルアセテート、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ジエチルケトン、メチルシソブチルケトン、エチルイソブチルケトン、テトラヒドロフラン、シクロヘキサノン、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、プロピオン酸プロピル、プロピオン酸イソプロピル、2−ヒドロキシプロピオン酸メチル、2−ヒドロキシプロピオン酸エチル、2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル、メチル−3−メトキシプロピオネート、エチル−3−メトキシプロピオネート、エチル−3−エトキシプロピオネート、エチル−3−プロポキシプロピオネート、プロピル−3−メトキシプロピオネート、イソプロピル−3−メトキシプロピオネート、エトキシ酢酸エチル、オキシ酢酸エチル、2−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルブタン酸メチル、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸イソプロピル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸イソアミル、炭酸メチル、炭酸エチル、炭酸プロピル、炭酸ブチル、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、ピルビン酸プロピル、ピルビン酸ブチル、アセト酢酸メチル、アセト酢酸エチル、ベンジルメチルエーテル、ベンジルエチルエーテル、ジヘキシルエーテル、酢酸ベンジル、安息香酸エチル、シュウ酸ジエチル、マレイン酸ジエチル、γ−ブチロラクトン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、シクロヘキサノン、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール、ヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、グリセリンなどを挙げることができる。これらは単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
これらの溶剤の使用量は、例えばスピンコート法を用いて20μm以上の膜厚を得るために、厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物における固形分濃度が30重量%から65重量%になる範囲が好ましい。固形分濃度が30重量%未満の場合は、バンプ形成用材料に好適な厚膜を得ることが困難であり、65重量%を超えると組成物の流動性が著しく悪化し、取り扱いが困難な上、スピンコート法では、均一なレジストフィルムが得られにくい。
【0025】
前記各成分に加えて、本発明の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物は、必要に応じ、トリエチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、ジブチルアミン、トリエタノールアミンなどの第二級または第三級アミンなどのクエンチャーを含有することができる。
【0026】
さらに本発明の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物には、基板との接着性を向上させるために接着助剤を使用することもできる。使用される接着助剤としては、官能性シランカップリング剤が有効である。ここで、官能性シランカップリング剤とは、カルボキシル基、メタクリロイル基、イソシアネート基、エポキシ基などの反応性置換基を有するシランカップリング剤を意味し、具体例としてはトリメトキシシリル安息香酸、γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリアセトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、β−(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシランなどを挙げることができる。その配合量は、(A)成分100重量部に対し、20重量部以下が好ましい。
【0027】
また、本発明の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物には、アルカリ現像液に対する溶解性の微調整を行なうために、酢酸、プロピオン酸、n−酪酸、iso−酪酸、n−吉草酸、iso−吉草酸、安息香酸、けい皮酸などのモノカルボン酸;乳酸、2−ヒドロキシ酪酸、3−ヒドロキシ酪酸、サリチル酸、m−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、p−ヒドロキシ安息香酸、2−ヒドロキシけい皮酸、3−ヒドロキシけい皮酸、4−ヒドロキシけい皮酸、5−ヒドロキシイソフタル酸、シリンギン酸などのヒドロキシモノカルボン酸;シュウ酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、マレイン酸、イタコン酸、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、1,2−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、1,2,4−シクロヘキサントリカルボン酸、トリメリット酸、ピロメリット酸、シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸、ブタンテトラカルボン酸、1,2,5,8−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸などの多価カルボン酸;無水イタコン酸、無水コハク酸、無水シトラコン酸、無水ドデセニルコハク酸、無水トリカルバニル酸、無水マレイン酸、無水ヘキサヒドロフタル酸、無水メチルテトラヒドロフタル酸、無水ハイミック酸、1,2,3,4−ブタンテトラカルボン酸、シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、無水フタル酸、無水ピロメリット酸、無水トリメリット酸、無水ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸、エチレングリコールビス無水トリメリテート、グリセリントリス無水トリメリテートなどの酸無水物を添加することもできる。さらに、N−メチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチルホルムアニリド、N−メチルアセトアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、ベンジルエチルエーテル、ジヘキシルエーテル、アセトニルアセトン、イソホロン、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、1−オクタノール、1−ノナノール、ベンジルアルコール、酢酸ベンジル、安息香酸エチル、シュウ酸ジエチル、マレイン酸ジエチル、γ−ブチロラクトン、炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、フェニルセロソルブアセテートなどの高沸点溶剤を添加することもできる。
前記溶剤の使用量は、用途、塗布方法に応じて調整することができ、組成物を均一に混合させることができれば特に限定されるものではないが、得られる組成物に対して60重量%以下、好ましくは40重量%以下である。
【0028】
さらに、本発明の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物には必要に応じて着色剤などを添加することもできる。着色剤としては、アルミナ白、クレー、炭酸バリウム、硫酸バリウムなどの体質顔料;亜鉛華、鉛白、黄鉛、鉛丹、群青、紺青、酸化チタン、クロム酸亜鉛、ベンガラ、カーボンブラックなどの無機顔料;ブリリアントカーミン6B、パーマネントレッド6B、パーマネントレッドR、ベンジジンイエロー、フタロシアニンブルー、フタロシアニングリーンなどの有機顔料;マゼンタ、ローダミンなどの塩基性染料;ダイレクトスカーレット、ダイレクトオレンジなどの直接染料;ローセリン、メタニルイエローなどの酸性染料が挙げられる。
これらの添加剤は、組成物の本質的な特性を損なわない範囲、好ましくは、得られる組成物に対して、50重量%以下である。
【0029】
本発明の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物の調製は、通常の方法で混合、攪拌するだけでよく、必要に応じディゾルバー、ホモジナイザー、3本ロールミルなどの分散機を用い分散、混合させてもよい。また、混合した後で、さらにメッシュ、メンブレンフィルターなどを用いてろ過してもよい。
【0030】
本発明の組成物は、基板上に厚膜として塗布することが好適であるが、その利用範囲はこれに限定されず、例えば銅、クロム、鉄、ガラス基板等各種基板のエッチング時の保護膜や半導体製造用レジストとしても使用することができる。本発明の組成物を厚膜のレジストフィルムとしたバンプの形成は次のようにして行われる。
(1)塗膜の形成:上述したように調製した組成物の溶液を所定の配線パターンを有する基板上に塗布し、加熱により溶媒を除去することによって所望の塗膜を形成する。被処理基板上への塗布方法としては、スピンコート法、ロールコート法、スクリーン印刷法、アプリケーター法などの方法を採用することができる。本発明の組成物の塗膜のプレベーク条件は、組成物中の各成分の種類、配合割合、塗布膜厚などによって異なるが、通常は70〜130℃で、好ましくは80〜120℃で、2〜60分間程度である。
(2)放射線照射:得られた塗膜に所定のパターンのマスクを介して、放射線、例えば波長が300〜500nmの紫外線または可視光線を照射することにより、バンプを形成する配線パターン部分のみを露光させる。これらの放射線の線源として、低圧水銀灯、高圧水銀灯、超高圧水銀灯、メタルハライドランプ、アルゴンガスレーザーなどを用いることができる。ここで放射線とは、紫外線、可視光線、遠紫外線、X線、電子線などを意味する。
放射線照射量は、組成物中の各成分の種類、配合量、塗膜の膜厚などによって異なるが、例えば超高圧水銀灯使用の場合、100〜2000mJ/cm2である。
(3)加熱:露光後、公知の方法を用いて加熱する。
(4)現像:放射線照射後の現像方法としては、アルカリ性水溶液を現像液として用いて、不要な部分を溶解、除去し、放射線照射部分のみ残存させる。現像液としては、例えば水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、メタケイ酸ナトリウム、アンモニア水、エチルアミン、n−プロピルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジ−n−プロピルアミン、トリエチルアミン、メチルジエチルアミン、ジメチルエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、テトラエチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、ピロール、ピペリジン、1,8−ジアザビシクロ[5,4,0]−7−ウンデセン、1,5−ジアザビシクロ[4,3,0]−5−ノナンなどのアルカリ類の水溶液を使用することができる。また前記アルカリ類の水溶液にメタノール、エタノールなどの水溶性有機溶媒や界面活性剤を適当量添加した水溶液を現像液として使用することもできる。
現像時間は、組成物各成分の種類、配合割合、組成物の乾燥膜厚によって異なるが、通常1〜30分間であり、また現像の方法は液盛り法、ディッピング法、パドル法、スプレー現像法などのいずれでも良い。現像後は、流水洗浄を30〜90秒間行い、エアーガンや、オーブンなどを用いて乾燥させる。
【0031】
なお、メッキ処理方法はとくに制限されず、従来から公知の各種メッキ方法を採用することができる。メッキ液としては、とくにハンダメッキ、銅メッキ液が好適に用いられる。
【0032】
本発明の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物によって得られる膜厚は20〜150μm、好ましくは30〜120μm、より好ましくは40〜90μmの範囲であることが望ましい。膜厚が20μm未満でも、150μmを超えても本組成物に要求される性能を満たすことはできない。
【0033】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例および比較例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例に限定されるものではない。また、特記しない限り、部は重量部、%は重量%を示す。
【0034】
<(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂の合成>
合成例1
m−クレゾールとp−クレゾールを重量比60:40の割合で混合し、これにホルマリンを加え、シュウ酸触媒を用いて常法により縮合してクレゾールノボラック樹脂を得た。この樹脂に対して分別処理を施し、低分子領域をカットして重量平均分子量10000のノボラック樹脂を得た。この樹脂をノボラック樹脂A1とする。
【0035】
合成例2
m−クレゾールにホルマリンを加え、シュウ酸触媒を用いて常法により縮合してm−クレゾールノボラック樹脂を得た。この樹脂に対して分別処理を施し、低分子領域をカットして重量平均分子量6000のノボラック樹脂を得た。この樹脂をノボラック樹脂A2とする。
【0036】
実施例1
(イ)ノボラック樹脂A1を90部、(ロ)ヒドロキシスチレンのホモポリマー(Mw2500)(日本曹達社製、商品名UP−2500)10部、(B)下記式で示される酸発生剤0.5部、(C)架橋剤としてヘキサメトキシメチル化メラミン(三和ケミカル社製、商品名ニカラックMw−100)10部をプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート150部の溶剤に溶解した後、孔径1.0μmのメンブレンフィルターを用いてろ過し、ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物を調製した。該組成物を用いて下記に示す特性評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0037】
【化4】
【0038】
実施例2
(イ)成分をノボラック樹脂A2に代えた以外は実施例1と同様の操作によりネガ型ホトレジスト組成物を調製した。該組成物を用いて下記に示す特性評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0039】
実施例3
(イ)成分、(ロ)成分として、(イ)ノボラック樹脂A2を50部、(ロ)ヒドロキシスチレンのホモポリマー(Mw2500)(日本曹達社製、商品名UP−2500)50部を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作によりネガ型ホトレジスト組成物を調製した。該組成物を用いて下記に示す特性評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0040】
実施例4
(B)成分をトリス(2,3−ジブロモプロピル)イソシアヌレート1部に代えた以外は実施例2と同様の操作によりネガ型レジスト組成物を調製した。該組成物を用いて下記に示す特性評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0041】
実施例5
(B)成分を下記式で示される酸発生剤1部に代えた以外は実施例2と同様の操作によりネガ型レジスト組成物を調製した。該組成物を用いて下記に示す特性評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0042】
【化5】
【0043】
比較例1
(ロ)ヒドロキシスチレンのホモポリマーを使用しない以外は実施例1と同様の操作によりネガ型レジスト組成物を調製した。該組成物を用いて下記に示す特性評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
【0044】
比較例2
(B)酸発生剤および(C)架橋剤に代えて、下記化学式(1)で表される化合物1モルに対して1,2−ナフトキノンジアジド−4−スルホニルクロリド2モルを反応させた光反応開始剤20部を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作によりネガ型レジスト組成物を調製した。該組成物を用いて下記に示す特性評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
【0045】
【化6】
【0046】
特性の評価方法
相溶性
前記組成物を室温にて12時間混合、攪拌し、攪拌直後および攪拌後12時間経過後の溶解状態を目視にて観察した。分散状態を下記の評価基準で判定した。○:12時間攪拌後に組成物が、均一に分散することが目視で確認された。
△:12時間攪拌後に組成物が、均一に分散するが長時間静置により相分離した。
×:12時間攪拌後に組成物が、均一に分散していない。
【0047】
塗布性
5インチの金スパッタリングウエーハ上にスピンナーを用いて、前記組成物を1000rpmにて25秒間塗布した後、110℃で6分間ホットプレート上で加熱した。形成されたフィルム面を目視で観察し、塗布性を下記の評価基準で判定した。
〇:得られた塗膜にムラがなく均一である。
×:得られた塗膜にピンホールやはじき等のムラがある。
【0048】
現像・解像性
5インチのシリコンウエーハ上にスピンナーを用いて、前記組成物を、膜厚約20μmの塗膜の場合、1800rpmにて25秒間塗布後、110℃で6分間ホットプレート上でプレベークして形成した。
また、膜厚約65μmの塗膜の場合、800rpmにて25秒間塗布後、110℃で1分間ホットプレート上でプレベークし、さらに800rpmにて25秒間塗布後、110℃で9分間ホットプレート上でプレベークして形成した。
また、膜厚約120μmの塗膜の場合、800rpmにて25秒間塗布後、110℃で1分間ホットプレート上でプレベークし、さらに800rpmにて25秒間塗布後、110℃で1分間プレベーク、800rpmにて25秒間塗布後、110℃で13分間プレベークして形成した。
次に、解像度測定用のパターンマスクを介して、ステッパー(Ultratech社製、Saturn Spectrum 3 Wafer Stepper)を用いて一枚の塗布基板を分割し、それぞれを200〜3000mJ/cm2の範囲で段階的に紫外線露光を行った。露光後、110℃で6分間加熱し、これを、現像液(商品名PMERシリーズ、P−7G、東京応化社製)で現像した。
この後、流水洗浄し、窒素ブローしてパターン状硬化物を得た。これを顕微鏡で観察し、解像性を下記の評価基準で判定した。
○:5μm角のホールパターンが前記いずれかの露光量で解像し、残渣が認められない場合。
×:5μm角のホールパターンが解像していない、または、残渣が認められた場合。
この際、アスペクト比(アスペクト比=パターン上のレジスト高さ÷パターン上のレジスト幅)も測定した。
【0049】
耐メッキ性
「現像・解像性評価」で得られたパターン状硬化物を有する基板を試験体として、酸素プラズマでアッシング処理後、亜硫酸銅メッキ液に40℃で3時間浸漬し、流水洗浄し、被処理試験体を得た。光学顕微鏡または電子顕微鏡を用いて、被処理試験体上に形成されたバンプとパターン状硬化物の状態を観察し、パターン状硬化物のメッキ液に対する耐性、形成されたパンプの形状、パターン状硬化物のメッキ処理工程に対する耐性を下記の評価基準で判定した。
〇:形成されたバンプとパターン状硬化物の状態に特に変化が無く良好
×:パターン状硬化物にクラックや膨らみや欠けが生じる、またはパターン状硬化物の表面が荒れている。
【0050】
バンプ形状
「耐メッキ性評価」と同様の操作で被処理試験体を得、形成されたバンプとパターン状硬化物の状態を光学顕微鏡または電子顕微鏡を用いて観察し、形成されたバンプの形状を下記の評価基準で判定した。また、バンプ形状が良好である場合には、基板とバンプの角度とマスク寸法に対する誤差比率を測定した。
○:バンプの形状がパターン状硬化物に依存(追随)し、良好。
×:パンプの形状がパターン状硬化物に依存せず、膨らみが生じている。
【0051】
剥離性
「現像・解像性評価」で得られたパターン状硬化物を有する基板を試験体として、70℃にて攪拌中の剥離液(東京応化製ストリッパー710)に10分間浸漬した後、アルコールでリンス液洗浄してパターン状硬化物を剥離し、目視観察あるいは光学顕微鏡で観察し下記の基準で評価した。
〇:パターン状硬化物の残渣が認められない。
×:パターン状硬化物の残渣が認められた。
【0052】
感光性
5インチのシリコンウエーハ上、膜厚約40μmの塗膜を形成し、解像度測定用のパターンマスクを介して、ステッパー(Ultratech社製、Saturn Spectrum 3 Wafer Stepper)を用いて一枚の塗布基板を分割し、それぞれを200〜10000mJ/cm2の範囲で段階的に紫外線露光を行った。これを、現像液(商品名PMERシリーズ、P−7G、東京応化社製)で現像した。この後、流水洗浄し、窒素ブローしてパターン状硬化物を得た。これを顕微鏡で観察し、5μm角のホールパターンが解像し、残渣が認められなくなる露光量を測定した。
【0053】
【表1】
【0054】
【表2】
【0055】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、高感度で、メッキ耐性が良好である上に、CSP製造技術に用いられるようなバンプ、再配線、メタルポスト形成用材料として好適な厚膜形成に適する厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物、ホトレジスト基材およびこれを用いたバンプ形成方法が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for a thick film, a photoresist base material, and a bump forming method using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to bump formation, wiring formation, metal post formation, interlayer insulation performed when a circuit board is manufactured and a semiconductor or electronic component represented by CSP (chip size package) is mounted on the circuit board. The present invention relates to a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for a thick film suitable for alkali fabrication, which is suitable for photofabrication such as layers, circuit protective films, and precision component processing / manufacturing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Photofabrication is a single electroforming technique that consists mainly of chemical etching, electrolytic etching, or electroplating using a photosensitive resin composition applied to the surface of a workpiece and patterning the coating film using a photolithography technique. It is a general term for technologies for manufacturing various precision parts by combining them, and has become the mainstream of current precision micromachining technology.
In recent years, with the downsizing of electronic equipment, LSI high-density mounting technology has advanced, LSI multi-pin thin film mounting, package size reduction, flip-chip two-dimensional mounting technology, mounting based on three-dimensional mounting technology The density is improved. In such a high-density mounting technology, a protruding electrode called a bump that is a connection terminal of 20 μm or more, rewiring from a peripheral terminal on the wafer to the position of the mounting terminal, an ultra-thick film wiring called a metal post, etc. Needs to be arranged with high precision on the substrate, and in the future, the demand for high-density mounting technology is becoming stronger in response to further miniaturization of LSIs.
A thick film photoresist is used as a material used in such package manufacturing and IC bumping processes. In addition, the thick film here means a film thickness of 20 to 150 μm. Such a thick film is used, for example, as a mask for formation of bumps and metal posts by a plating process, formation of a lead frame by a metal etching process, and dry etching using the thick film pattern as a mask.
[0003]
For example, JP-A-10-207057, JP-A-2000-39709, and JP-A-2000-66386 describe a photosensitive resin composition for thick film used for forming a pump or wiring. . However, since these conventional thick photosensitive resin compositions are thick, many reaction initiators are required to sufficiently react the entire resist film. However, when there are many reaction initiators, there exists a tendency for compatibility to worsen and for the storage stability to fall. Therefore, a more sensitive reaction initiator has been demanded.
[0004]
On the other hand, a chemically amplified resist using an acid generator is known as a highly sensitive photosensitive resin composition. A feature of the chemically amplified resist is that a protonic acid generated from an acid generator as a component by radiation irradiation causes an acid-catalyzed reaction to a base resin or the like in the resin composition by heat treatment after exposure. In this way, the photosensitivity (reaction per photon) is significantly higher than that of conventional resists having a photoreaction of less than 1. A typical example of the chemically amplified negative resist is described in SPIE Proceeding (Proceeding of SPIE), 1086, pages 34-47 (1989). E. Bogan et al. Describe resists that combine polyvinylphenol and melamine derivatives. However, when a thick film was prepared using these chemically amplified resists, cracks occurred, and the necessary plating resistance could not be obtained.
Further, when exposing a conventional thick film photoresist, contact exposure in which an exposed portion is in contact with the resist is preferably used because of problems such as light diffusion during exposure. However, proximity exposure (gap exposure) with a gap between the exposed portion and the resist portion is more advantageous in the manufacturing process, and a thick film resist having sufficient performance even with the exposure method has been demanded.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, have high sensitivity and good plating resistance, and is suitable for bumps, rewiring, metal post forming materials, or CSP materials. It is an object of the present invention to provide a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition suitable for formation, a photoresist base material, and a bump forming method using the same.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention of claim 1 is a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition comprising (A) an alkali-soluble resin, (B) a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with radiation, and (C) a compound that undergoes a crosslinking reaction in the presence of the acid. In the product, the component (A) is a mixture of (a) a novolak resin having a weight average molecular weight of 5000 to 10,000 and (b) a polymer having at least a hydroxystyrene constituent unit and having a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or less. This is a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick films.
The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that the component (a) comprises an m-cresol novolak resin obtained by condensing m-cresol and an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst. This is a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick films.
The invention of claim 3 is that in component (A), when the total of component (a) and component (b) is 100 parts by weight, component (a) is 50 to 98 parts by weight, and component (b) is 50 to 50 parts by weight. 2. The chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film according to claim 1, wherein the composition is 2 parts by weight.
In the invention of claim 4, the component (B) is represented by the general formula
R-SO 2 O-N = C (CN)-
(Wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group)
The chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick films according to claim 1, which is a compound having at least two oxime sulfonate groups represented by the formula:
In the invention of claim 5, the component (B) is represented by the general formula
R-SO 2 ON-C = CN (CN) -AC (CN) = N-OSO 2 -R
(Wherein A is a divalent organic group and R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group)
The chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film according to claim 4, which is a compound represented by the formula:
The invention according to claim 6 is the chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film according to claim 5, wherein A in the general formula of component (B) is a phenylene group and R is a lower alkyl group.
The invention of claim 7 is characterized in that the component (B) is 0.1 to 1 part by weight when the sum of the component (A), the component (B) and the component (C) is 100 parts by weight. The thick film chemically amplified negative photoresist composition according to claim 1.
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a negative photoresist substrate having a substrate and a negative photoresist layer provided thereon, wherein the negative photoresist layer has a thickness according to any one of the first to seventh aspects. A photoresist base material comprising a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for a film and having a film thickness of 20 to 150 μm.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film according to any one of the first to seventh aspects is applied onto a substrate of an electronic component, and the resulting coating film is selected. The bump forming method is characterized in that a negative resist pattern is formed by sequentially performing a periodic exposure, a heating process and a development process, and then performing a plating process using the resist pattern as a mask.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As a result of diligent research, the present inventors have clarified that the characteristics required of a resist change depending on the type of plating solution, and solved the above-mentioned problems by optimizing its constituent elements, particularly solder plating and copper plating processes. Have found a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film that is more suitably used in US Pat.
[0008]
Hereinafter, the composition of the present invention will be described.
(A) Alkali-soluble resin
The component (A) is an alkali comprising a mixture of (a) a novolak resin having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 5000 to 10,000 and (b) a polymer having at least a hydroxystyrene constituent unit and having a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or less. It is a soluble resin.
[0009]
(I) Novolac resin
The (i) novolak resin used in the present invention can be obtained, for example, by addition condensation of an aromatic compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group (hereinafter simply referred to as “phenols”) and an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst. Examples of phenols used at this time include phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, o-ethylphenol, m-ethylphenol, p-ethylphenol, o-butylphenol, m-butylphenol, p- Butylphenol, 2,3-xylenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 2,6-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, 3,5-xylenol, 2,3,5-trimethylphenol, 3,4 , 5-trimethylphenol, p-phenylphenol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, pyrogallol, phloroglicinol, hydroxydiphenyl, bisphenol A, gallic acid, gallic acid ester, α-naphthol, β-naphthol and the like. . Examples of aldehydes include formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, furfural, benzaldehyde, nitrobenzaldehyde, and acetaldehyde. The catalyst for the addition condensation reaction is not particularly limited. For example, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, and the like are used as the acid catalyst.
(A) The weight average molecular weight of the alkali-soluble novolak resin is preferably 5,000 to 10,000. In addition, m-cresol novolak resins obtained by condensing m-cresol and aldehydes are particularly suitable for chemically amplified negative photoresist compositions for thick films.
[0010]
(B) Polymer having hydroxystyrene structural unit
Examples of the component (b) used in the present invention include a polymer having at least a hydroxystyrene structural unit.
For example, the polymer may be a hydroxy styrene such as p-hydroxy styrene, a radical polymer or ionic polymer of an α-alkyl hydroxy styrene monomer such as α-methyl hydroxy styrene, α-ethyl hydroxy styrene, hydroxy styrene, α-alkyl hydroxy. Examples thereof include a copolymer comprising a hydroxystyrene structural unit such as styrene and a structural unit other than the hydroxystyrene structural unit. Preferred examples of the monomer that forms a constituent unit other than the hydroxystyrene constituent unit include a monomer obtained by substituting the hydroxyl group of hydroxystyrene with another group or a monomer having an α, β-unsaturated double bond. . As another group for substituting the hydroxyl group of hydroxystyrene, an alkali dissolution inhibiting group that is not dissociated by an acid is used. Examples of the alkali dissolution inhibiting group include a substituted or unsubstituted benzenesulfonyloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalenesulfonyloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzenecarbonyloxy group, and a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalenecarbonyloxy group. Specific examples of the substituted or unsubstituted benzenesulfonyloxy group include benzenesulfonyloxy group, chlorobenzenesulfonyloxy group, methylbenzenesulfonyloxy group, ethylbenzenesulfonyloxy group, propylbenzenesulfonyloxy group, methoxybenzenesulfonyloxy group, An ethoxybenzenesulfonyloxy group, propoxybenzenesulfonyloxy group, acetaminobenzenesulfonyloxy group, etc. may be substituted or unsubstituted naphthalenesulfonyloxy group. Specific examples of these include naphthalenesulfonyloxy group, chloronaphthalenesulfonyloxy group, methylnaphthalenesulfonyloxy group, ethylnaphthalenesulfonyloxy group, propylnaphthalenesulfonyloxy group, methoxynaphthalenesulfonyloxy group, ethoxynaphthalenesulfonyloxy group, propoxynaphthalenesulfonyloxy group Group, an acetaminonaphthalenesulfonyloxy group and the like are preferable. Furthermore, examples of the substituted or unsubstituted benzenecarbonyloxy group and the substituted or unsubstituted naphthalenecarbonyloxy group include those in which the substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyloxy group is replaced with a carbonyloxy group. Among these, an acetaminobenzenesulfonyloxy group or an acetaminonaphthalenesulfonyloxy group is preferable.
As the monomer having an α, β-unsaturated double bond, specifically, a styrene monomer such as styrene, chlorostyrene, chloromethylstyrene, vinyltoluene, α-methylstyrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, Examples include acrylic acid monomers such as phenyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate monomers such as vinyl acetate and vinyl benzoate. Among them, styrene is preferable. For example, poly (4-hydroxystyrene-styrene) and poly (4-hydroxystyrene-methylstyrene) copolymers obtained from hydroxystyrene and styrene are suitable because of their high resolution and high heat resistance.
The component (b) has a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or less, preferably 4000 or less. When the weight average molecular weight exceeds 5000, the resolution is remarkably lowered.
[0011]
In addition, in (A) component, when the sum total of (a) component and (b) component is 100 weight part, (b) component is 50-98 weight part, Preferably it is 55-95 weight part, (b) component Is 50 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 45 to 5 parts by weight. Such a blending ratio is particularly suitable for a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick films.
[0012]
(B) Compound that generates acid upon irradiation
The component (B) used in the present invention is an acid generator and is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that generates an acid directly or indirectly by light. Specifically, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) is used. ) -6- [2- (2-furyl) ethenyl] -s-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (5-methyl-2-furyl) ethenyl] -s-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (5-ethyl-2-furyl) ethenyl] -s-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (5-propyl) -2-furyl) ethenyl] -s-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) ethenyl] -s-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) ) -6- [2- (3 5-diethoxyphenyl) ethenyl] -s-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (3,5-dipropoxyphenyl) ethenyl] -s-triazine, 2,4-bis ( Trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (3-methoxy-5-ethoxyphenyl) ethenyl] -s-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (3-methoxy-5-propoxyphenyl) ) Ethenyl] -s-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) ethenyl] -s-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl)- 6- (3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl) -s-triazine, 2,4-bis-trichloromethyl-6- (3-bromo-4methoxy) phenyl-s-triazine 2,4-bis-trichloromethyl-6- (2-bromo-4methoxy) phenyl-s-triazine, 2,4-bis-trichloromethyl-6- (2-bromo-4methoxy) styrylphenyl-s-triazine 2,4-bis-trichloromethyl-6- (3-bromo-4methoxy) styrylphenyl-s-triazine, 2- (4-methoxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -1,3 5-triazine, 2- (4-methoxynaphthyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2- [2- (2-furyl) ethenyl] -4,6-bis ( Trichloromethyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2- [2- (5-methyl-2-furyl) ethenyl] -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2- [ 2- (3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) ethenyl] -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2- [2- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethenyl] -4,6-bis (Trichloromethyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2- (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (trichloromethyl) -1,3,5-triazine, tris (1,3- Dihalopropyl) -1,3,5-triazine, tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) -1,3,5-triazine and other halogen-containing triazine compounds and tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate A halogen-containing triazine compound represented by the general formula:
[0013]
[Chemical 1]
[0014]
(Wherein R 1 ~ R 3 Each may be the same or different and represents a halogenated alkyl group)
[0015]
α- (p-toluenesulfonyloxyimino) -phenylacetonitrile, α- (benzenesulfonyloxyimino) -2,4-dichlorophenylacetonitrile, α- (benzenesulfonyloxyimino) -2,6-dichlorophenylacetonitrile, α- (2 -Chlorobenzenesulfonyloxyimino) -4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile, α- (ethylsulfonyloxyimino) -1-cyclopentenylacetonitrile, a compound represented by the following general formula;
[0016]
[Chemical 2]
[0017]
(Wherein R 4 Is a monovalent to trivalent organic group, R 5 Represents a substituted, unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbon group, unsaturated hydrocarbon group or aromatic compound group, and n represents a natural number of 1 to 3. Here, the aromatic compound group refers to a group of a compound exhibiting physical and chemical properties peculiar to an aromatic compound, for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon group such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group. And heterocyclic groups such as These may have one or more suitable substituents on the ring, for example, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a nitro group and the like. R 5 Is particularly preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group. Especially R 4 Is an aromatic compound group, R 5 Is preferably a compound having a lower alkyl group. As the acid generator represented by the above general formula, when n = 1, R 4 Is any one of a phenyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a methoxyphenyl group, and R 5 Is a methyl group, specifically α- (methylsulfonyloxyimino) -1-phenylacetonitrile, α- (methylsulfonyloxyimino) -1- (p-methylphenyl) acetonitrile, α- (methylsulfonyloxyimino) ) -1- (p-methoxyphenyl) acetonitrile. When n = 2, the acid generator represented by the above general formula includes specifically an acid generator represented by the following chemical formula. )
[0018]
[Chemical 3]
[0019]
Bissulfonyldiazomethanes such as bis (p-toluenesulfonyl) diazomethane, bis (1,1-dimethylethylsulfonyl) diazomethane, bis (cyclohexylsulfonyl) diazomethane, bis (2,4-dimethylphenylsulfonyl) diazomethane; p-toluenesulfone Nitrobenzyl derivatives such as acid 2-nitrobenzyl, p-toluenesulfonic acid 2,6-dinitrobenzyl, nitrobenzyl tosylate, dinitrobenzyl tosylate, nitrobenzyl sulfonate, nitrobenzyl carbonate, dinitrobenzyl carbonate; pyrogallol trimesylate , Pyrgallol tritosylate, benzyl tosylate, benzyl sulfonate, N-methylsulfonyloxysuccinimide, N-trichloromethylsulfonyloxysuccinate Sulfonic acid esters such as imide, N-phenylsulfonyloxymaleimide and N-methylsulfonyloxyphthalimide; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid esters such as N-hydroxyphthalimide and N-hydroxynaphthalimide; diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, (4-methoxy Phenyl) phenyliodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis (p-tert-butylphenyl) iodonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate, (4-methoxyphenyl) diphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, (p-tert-butylphenyl) Onium salts such as diphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate; benzoin tosylate, α -Benzoin tosylate such as methylbenzoin tosylate; and other diphenyl iodonium salts, triphenyl sulfonium salts, phenyl diazonium salts, benzyl carbonates and the like.
[0020]
Among these, as the component (B), the general formula
R-SO 2 O-N = C (CN)-
(Wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group)
A compound having at least two oxime sulfonate groups represented by general formula
R-SO 2 ON-C = CN (CN) -AC (CN) = N-OSO 2 -R
(In the formula, A is a divalent, for example, substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aromatic compound group, and R is a substituted or unsubstituted, for example, alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Or an aryl group)
The compound represented by these is preferable. Here, the aromatic compound group refers to a group of a compound exhibiting physical and chemical properties peculiar to an aromatic compound, for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon group such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group. And heterocyclic groups such as These may have one or more suitable substituents on the ring, for example, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a nitro group and the like. Further, in the above general formula, it is more preferable that A is a phenylene group and R is, for example, a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
[0021]
In addition, the said (B) component can be contained in 0.01-5 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of sum total of (A)-(C) component, Preferably it is 0.1-1 weight part. . When the component (B) is less than 0.01 parts by weight, the thickness of the thick film obtained due to insufficient cross-linking and curing by heat or light is decreased, and the formed bump shape is reduced. If it exceeds 5 parts by weight, development failure may occur during development, which is not preferred.
In particular, when the component (B) is contained in the range of 0.1 to 1 part by weight in the chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film, various characteristics of the composition are balanced, which is preferable.
[0022]
(C) A compound that undergoes a crosslinking reaction in the presence of an acid
Examples of the component (C) (crosslinking agent) used in the present invention include known crosslinking agents, and amino compounds such as melamine resin, urea resin, guanamine resin, glycoluril-formaldehyde resin, succinylamide-formaldehyde resin, Ethyleneurea-formaldehyde resin and the like are used, and in particular, alkoxymethylated amino resins such as alkoxymethylated melamine resins and alkoxymethylated urea resins can be suitably used. The alkoxymethylated amino resin is obtained by, for example, condensing a condensate obtained by reacting melamine or urea with formalin in a boiling aqueous solution with a lower alcohol such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, or isopropyl alcohol. And then the reaction solution is cooled and precipitated. Specific examples of the alkoxymethylated amino resin include methoxymethylated melamine resin, ethoxymethylated melamine resin, propoxymethylated melamine resin, butoxymethylated melamine resin, methoxymethylated urea resin, ethoxymethylated urea resin, and propoxymethyl. And urea-oxygenated resin, butoxymethylated urea resin, and the like. The alkoxymethylated amino resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In particular, an alkoxymethylated melamine resin is preferable because it can form a stable resist pattern with a small dimensional change of the resist pattern with respect to a change in radiation dose. Among these, methoxymethylated melamine resin, ethoxymethylated melamine resin, propoxymethylated melamine resin and butoxymethylated melamine resin are preferable.
[0023]
Said (C) component can be contained in 1-30 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of total amounts of (A)-(C) component. When the component (C) is less than 1 part by weight, the resulting thick film is not preferable because the plating resistance, chemical resistance, and adhesion may be deteriorated and the formed bump shape may be poor. If it exceeds the range, development failure may occur during development, which is not preferable.
[0024]
Furthermore, the chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film of the present invention can be appropriately mixed with an organic solvent for viscosity adjustment. Specific examples of the organic solvent include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dipropyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether. , Propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether, diethylene glycol Coal dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate , Diethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monophenyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, Lenglycol monopropyl ether acetate, 2-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, 4-methoxybutyl acetate, 2-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-ethyl-3 -Methoxybutyl acetate, 2-ethoxybutyl acetate, 4-ethoxybutyl acetate, 4-propoxybutyl acetate, 2-methoxypentyl acetate, 3-methoxypentyl acetate, 4-methoxypentyl acetate, 2-methyl-3-methoxypentyl acetate 3-methyl-3-methoxypentyl acetate, 3-methyl-4-methoxypentyl acetate, 4-methyl-4-methoxypentyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone Tonne, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, isopropyl propionate, methyl 2-hydroxypropionate, ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, 2-hydroxy-2 -Methyl, methyl-3-methoxypropionate, ethyl-3-methoxypropionate, ethyl-3-ethoxypropionate, ethyl-3-propoxypropionate, propyl-3-methoxypropionate, isopropyl- 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, ethyl oxyacetate, methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, Methyl acid, ethyl carbonate, propyl carbonate, butyl carbonate, methyl pyruvate, ethyl pyruvate, propyl pyruvate, butyl pyruvate, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, benzyl methyl ether, benzyl ethyl ether, dihexyl ether, benzyl acetate, Examples thereof include ethyl benzoate, diethyl oxalate, diethyl maleate, γ-butyrolactone, benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexanone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and glycerin. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The amount of these solvents used is such that the solid concentration in the chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film is from 30 wt% to 65 wt% in order to obtain a film thickness of 20 μm or more by using, for example, a spin coating method. A range is preferred. When the solid content concentration is less than 30% by weight, it is difficult to obtain a thick film suitable for a bump forming material. When the solid content concentration exceeds 65% by weight, the fluidity of the composition is remarkably deteriorated and the handling is difficult. In the spin coating method, it is difficult to obtain a uniform resist film.
[0025]
In addition to the above-mentioned components, the chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film of the present invention can contain secondary or tertiary amines such as triethylamine, tributylamine, dibutylamine, and triethanolamine as necessary. Quenchers can be included.
[0026]
Furthermore, in the chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film of the present invention, an adhesion aid can be used in order to improve the adhesion to the substrate. A functional silane coupling agent is effective as the adhesion aid to be used. Here, the functional silane coupling agent means a silane coupling agent having a reactive substituent such as a carboxyl group, a methacryloyl group, an isocyanate group, and an epoxy group. Specific examples thereof include trimethoxysilyl benzoic acid, γ -Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, β- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane and the like. The blending amount is preferably 20 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of component (A).
[0027]
In addition, the chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film of the present invention contains acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, iso-butyric acid, n-valeric acid in order to finely adjust the solubility in an alkaline developer. , Iso-valeric acid, benzoic acid, monocarboxylic acid such as cinnamic acid; lactic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid Hydroxy monocarboxylic acids such as 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, syringic acid; oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, hexahydro Phthalic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-cyclohexane Polycarboxylic acids such as carboxylic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid, butanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid; itaconic anhydride, succinic anhydride, anhydrous Citraconic acid, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, tricarbanilic anhydride, maleic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hymic anhydride, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid Acid anhydrides such as anhydride, phthalic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic anhydride, ethylene glycol bistrimellitic anhydride, and glycerin tris anhydrous trimellitate can also be added. Further, N-methylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylformanilide, N-methylacetamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, benzylethyl ether, dihexyl ether, acetonylacetone , Isophorone, caproic acid, caprylic acid, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, diethyl oxalate, diethyl maleate, γ-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, phenyl cellosolve acetate, etc. A high boiling point solvent can also be added.
The amount of the solvent used can be adjusted according to the application and application method, and is not particularly limited as long as the composition can be mixed uniformly, but it is 60% by weight or less based on the obtained composition. It is preferably 40% by weight or less.
[0028]
Furthermore, a colorant or the like can be added to the chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film of the present invention as required. Colorants include alumina white, clay, barium carbonate, barium sulfate and other extender pigments; zinc white, lead white, yellow lead, red lead, ultramarine, bitumen, titanium oxide, zinc chromate, bengara, carbon black, etc. Pigments; organic pigments such as brilliant carmine 6B, permanent red 6B, permanent red R, benzidine yellow, phthalocyanine blue, and phthalocyanine green; basic dyes such as magenta and rhodamine; direct dyes such as direct scarlet and direct orange; Examples include acid dyes such as yellow.
These additives are contained in a range that does not impair the essential characteristics of the composition, and preferably 50% by weight or less based on the resulting composition.
[0029]
The thick-film chemically amplified negative photoresist composition of the present invention may be prepared by mixing and stirring in the usual manner. If necessary, it is dispersed and mixed using a disperser such as a dissolver, homogenizer, or three roll mill. May be. Moreover, after mixing, you may further filter using a mesh, a membrane filter, etc.
[0030]
The composition of the present invention is preferably applied as a thick film on the substrate, but the range of use is not limited to this, and for example, a protective film during etching of various substrates such as copper, chromium, iron, and glass substrates It can also be used as a resist for semiconductor manufacturing. Bump formation using the composition of the present invention as a thick resist film is performed as follows.
(1) Formation of coating film: A solution of the composition prepared as described above is applied onto a substrate having a predetermined wiring pattern, and a desired coating film is formed by removing the solvent by heating. As a coating method on the substrate to be processed, methods such as a spin coating method, a roll coating method, a screen printing method, and an applicator method can be employed. The pre-baking conditions of the coating film of the composition of the present invention vary depending on the type of each component in the composition, the blending ratio, the coating film thickness, etc., but are usually 70 to 130 ° C., preferably 80 to 120 ° C. ~ About 60 minutes.
(2) Radiation irradiation: Exposing only the wiring pattern portion forming the bumps by irradiating the obtained coating film with radiation, for example, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 300 to 500 nm or visible rays through a mask having a predetermined pattern. Let As these radiation sources, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultrahigh-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon gas laser, or the like can be used. Here, the radiation means ultraviolet rays, visible rays, far ultraviolet rays, X-rays, electron beams, and the like.
The amount of radiation irradiation varies depending on the type of each component in the composition, the blending amount, the film thickness of the coating film, etc. 2 It is.
(3) Heating: Heating is performed using a known method after exposure.
(4) Development: As a development method after radiation irradiation, an alkaline aqueous solution is used as a developer to dissolve and remove unnecessary portions, leaving only the radiation irradiated portions. Examples of the developer include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, aqueous ammonia, ethylamine, n-propylamine, diethylamine, di-n-propylamine, triethylamine, methyldiethylamine, dimethyl. Ethanolamine, triethanolamine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, pyrrole, piperidine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecene, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4,3,0 An aqueous solution of an alkali such as -5-nonane can be used. Further, an aqueous solution obtained by adding an appropriate amount of a water-soluble organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol or a surfactant to the alkaline aqueous solution can also be used as a developer.
The development time varies depending on the type of each component of the composition, the blending ratio, and the dry film thickness of the composition, but it is usually 1 to 30 minutes, and the development method is a liquid piling method, dipping method, paddle method, spray development method. Any of these may be used. After the development, washing with running water is performed for 30 to 90 seconds and dried using an air gun or an oven.
[0031]
The plating method is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known plating methods can be employed. As the plating solution, solder plating or copper plating solution is particularly preferably used.
[0032]
The film thickness obtained by the chemically amplified negative photoresist composition for thick film of the present invention is 20 to 150 μm, preferably 30 to 120 μm, more preferably 40 to 90 μm. Even if the film thickness is less than 20 μm or more than 150 μm, the performance required for the present composition cannot be satisfied.
[0033]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example demonstrate this invention concretely, this invention is not limited to these examples. Unless otherwise specified, “part” means “part by weight” and “%” means “% by weight”.
[0034]
<(A) Synthesis of alkali-soluble resin>
Synthesis example 1
m-cresol and p-cresol were mixed at a weight ratio of 60:40, formalin was added thereto, and condensed by an ordinary method using an oxalic acid catalyst to obtain a cresol novolak resin. The resin was subjected to a fractionation treatment, and the low molecular region was cut to obtain a novolak resin having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000. This resin is designated as novolak resin A1.
[0035]
Synthesis example 2
Formalin was added to m-cresol and condensed by an ordinary method using an oxalic acid catalyst to obtain m-cresol novolak resin. This resin was subjected to a fractionation treatment to cut a low molecular region to obtain a novolak resin having a weight average molecular weight of 6000. This resin is designated as novolak resin A2.
[0036]
Example 1
(Ii) 90 parts of novolak resin A1, (b) 10 parts of hydroxystyrene homopolymer (Mw2500) (manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., trade name UP-2500), (B) acid generator 0.5 represented by the following formula Part (C) 10 parts of hexamethoxymethylated melamine (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name Nicalak Mw-100) as a crosslinking agent was dissolved in 150 parts of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and then a membrane having a pore size of 1.0 μm It filtered using the filter and the negative photoresist composition was prepared. The characteristics shown below were evaluated using the composition. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0037]
[Formula 4]
[0038]
Example 2
(A) A negative photoresist composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the component was replaced with the novolak resin A2. The characteristics shown below were evaluated using the composition. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0039]
Example 3
(B) As component (b), (b) 50 parts of novolac resin A2 and (b) 50 parts of hydroxystyrene homopolymer (Mw2500) (trade name UP-2500, manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) were used. Prepared a negative photoresist composition in the same manner as in Example 1. The characteristics shown below were evaluated using the composition. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0040]
Example 4
A negative resist composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the component (B) was replaced with 1 part of tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate. The characteristics shown below were evaluated using the composition. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0041]
Example 5
A negative resist composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the component (B) was replaced with 1 part of an acid generator represented by the following formula. The characteristics shown below were evaluated using the composition. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0042]
[Chemical formula 5]
[0043]
Comparative Example 1
(B) A negative resist composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the homopolymer of hydroxystyrene was not used. The characteristics shown below were evaluated using the composition. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0044]
Comparative Example 2
(B) In place of the acid generator and (C) crosslinking agent, photoreaction in which 2 mol of 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonyl chloride was reacted with 1 mol of the compound represented by the following chemical formula (1) A negative resist composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 20 parts of the initiator was used. The characteristics shown below were evaluated using the composition. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0045]
[Chemical 6]
[0046]
Evaluation method of characteristics
Compatibility
The composition was mixed and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, and the dissolved state immediately after stirring and 12 hours after stirring was visually observed. The dispersion state was determined according to the following evaluation criteria. ○: It was visually confirmed that the composition was uniformly dispersed after stirring for 12 hours.
(Triangle | delta): The composition disperse | distributed uniformly after 12-hour stirring, but phase-separated by standing still for a long time.
X: The composition is not uniformly dispersed after stirring for 12 hours.
[0047]
Applicability
The composition was applied on a 5-inch gold sputtering wafer using a spinner at 1000 rpm for 25 seconds, and then heated on a hot plate at 110 ° C. for 6 minutes. The formed film surface was visually observed and applicability was determined according to the following evaluation criteria.
◯: The obtained coating film is uniform and uniform.
X: The obtained coating film has unevenness such as pinholes and repellency.
[0048]
Development and resolution
In the case of a coating film having a film thickness of about 20 μm, the composition was formed on a 5-inch silicon wafer by applying it at 1800 rpm for 25 seconds and then pre-baking on a hot plate at 110 ° C. for 6 minutes.
In the case of a film having a film thickness of about 65 μm, it is applied at 800 rpm for 25 seconds, then pre-baked on a hot plate at 110 ° C. for 1 minute, further applied at 800 rpm for 25 seconds, and then at 110 ° C. for 9 minutes on the hot plate. Pre-baked to form.
In the case of a coating film having a film thickness of about 120 μm, after being applied at 800 rpm for 25 seconds, prebaked on a hot plate at 110 ° C. for 1 minute, further applied at 800 rpm for 25 seconds, prebaked at 110 ° C. for 1 minute, and then at 800 rpm For 25 seconds and then pre-baked at 110 ° C. for 13 minutes.
Next, one coated substrate was divided using a stepper (Saturn Spectrum 3 Wafer Stepper manufactured by Ultratech) through a pattern mask for resolution measurement, and each was coated with 200 to 3000 mJ / cm. 2 UV exposure was carried out stepwise within the range. After the exposure, it was heated at 110 ° C. for 6 minutes, and developed with a developer (trade name PMER series, P-7G, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
Thereafter, it was washed with running water and blown with nitrogen to obtain a patterned cured product. This was observed with a microscope, and the resolution was determined according to the following evaluation criteria.
○: When a hole pattern of 5 μm square is resolved at any of the above exposure amounts, no residue is observed.
X: When the hole pattern of 5 μm square is not resolved or a residue is observed.
At this time, the aspect ratio (aspect ratio = resist height on the pattern / resist width on the pattern) was also measured.
[0049]
Plating resistance
Using the substrate with the patterned cured product obtained in “Development / Resolution Evaluation” as a test specimen, after ashing with oxygen plasma, it was immersed in a copper sulfite plating solution at 40 ° C. for 3 hours, washed with running water, and processed A specimen was obtained. Using an optical microscope or an electron microscope, observe the state of the bumps and patterned cured product formed on the specimen to be processed, and the resistance of the patterned cured product to the plating solution, the shape of the formed pump, and the patterned cured product The resistance of the object to the plating process was determined according to the following evaluation criteria.
◯: Good with no particular change in the state of the formed bump and pattern-like cured product
X: Cracks, bulges and chips are generated in the patterned cured product, or the surface of the patterned cured product is rough.
[0050]
Bump shape
Obtain a specimen to be processed by the same operation as the “Plating Resistance Evaluation”, observe the state of the formed bump and the patterned cured product using an optical microscope or an electron microscope, and determine the shape of the formed bump as follows. Judgment was made based on evaluation criteria. Further, when the bump shape was good, the error ratio with respect to the angle between the substrate and the bump and the mask dimension was measured.
○: The shape of the bump depends on (follows) the cured pattern and is good.
X: The shape of the pump does not depend on the pattern-like cured product, and swelling is generated.
[0051]
Peelability
Using the substrate having the patterned cured product obtained in “Development / Resolution Evaluation” as a test specimen, the specimen was immersed in a stripping solution (Tokyo Oka Stripper 710) for 10 minutes at 70 ° C., and then rinsed with alcohol. The pattern-like cured product was peeled off by liquid washing, and observed visually or with an optical microscope, and evaluated according to the following criteria.
◯: No residue of the patterned cured product is observed.
X: The residue of the pattern-shaped cured | curing material was recognized.
[0052]
Photosensitivity
A coating film with a film thickness of about 40μm is formed on a 5-inch silicon wafer, and a single coated substrate is divided using a stepper (Ultraturn, Saturn Spectrum 3 Wafer Stepper) through a pattern mask for resolution measurement. And 200 to 10,000 mJ / cm for each 2 UV exposure was carried out stepwise within the range. This was developed with a developer (trade name PMER series, P-7G, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Thereafter, it was washed with running water and blown with nitrogen to obtain a patterned cured product. This was observed with a microscope, and an exposure amount at which a 5 μm square hole pattern was resolved and no residue was observed was measured.
[0053]
[Table 1]
[0054]
[Table 2]
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a thick film chemical amplification suitable for forming a thick film suitable as a material for forming bumps, rewiring, and metal posts as used in CSP manufacturing technology, in addition to high sensitivity and good plating resistance. Type negative photoresist composition, a photoresist base material, and a bump forming method using the same are provided.
Claims (7)
(式中、Rは置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基またはアリール基である)
で表されるオキシムスルホネート基を少なくとも2個有する化合物であることを特徴とする、厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物。A chemically amplified negative photoresist composition comprising (A) an alkali-soluble resin, (B) a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with radiation, and (C) a compound that undergoes a crosslinking reaction in the presence of an acid. (B) m-cresol novolak resin obtained by condensing m-cresol and aldehydes in the presence of an acid catalyst and having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 5000 to 10,000, and (b) at least a hydroxystyrene constituent unit Having a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or less, and the component (B) has the general formula R—SO 2 O—N═C (CN) —
(Wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group)
Compound der Rukoto characterized, thick chemically amplified negative photoresist composition having at least two represented oxime sulfonate group in.
R−SO2O−N=C(CN)−A−C(CN)=N−OSO2−R
(式中、Aは二価の有機基であり、Rは置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基またはアリール基である)
で表される化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の厚膜用化学増幅型ネガ型ホトレジスト組成物。The component (B) has the general formula R—SO 2 O—N═C (CN) —A—C (CN) ═N—OSO 2 —R
(Wherein A is a divalent organic group and R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group)
Characterized in that in a compound represented by Claim 1 or a thick film for a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition according to 2.
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JP4376706B2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2009-12-02 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | Method for forming plated product using negative photoresist composition |
WO2006059392A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-08 | Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Chemical amplification photoresist composition, photoresist layer laminate, method for producing photoresist composition, method for producing photoresist pattern and method for producing connecting terminal |
JP2007056108A (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-03-08 | Jsr Corp | Photosensitive insulating resin composition and cured product thereof |
JP2007056109A (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-03-08 | Jsr Corp | Photosensitive insulating resin composition and cured product thereof |
KR100753386B1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-08-30 | 도오꾜오까고오교 가부시끼가이샤 | Chemically amplified photoresist composition, photoresist layer laminate, photoresist composition manufacturing method, photoresist pattern manufacturing method and connection terminal manufacturing method |
CN102781911B (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2015-07-22 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Latent acids and their use |
JP5630181B2 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2014-11-26 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Negative resist composition, method for producing relief pattern using the resist composition, and method for producing photomask |
JP5771361B2 (en) | 2010-04-22 | 2015-08-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Pattern formation method, chemically amplified resist composition, and resist film |
JP5846110B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-01-20 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Chemically amplified negative resist composition, photocurable dry film, method for producing the same, pattern forming method, and film for protecting electric / electronic parts |
JP5754363B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2015-07-29 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Chemically amplified negative resist composition, photocurable dry film, method for producing the same, pattern forming method, and film for protecting electric / electronic parts |
JP5942859B2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2016-06-29 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Silicone skeleton-containing polymer, resin composition, photocurable dry film |
KR102003806B1 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2019-07-25 | 신에쓰 가가꾸 고교 가부시끼가이샤 | Silicone structure-bearing polymer, resin composition, and photo-curable dry film |
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