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JP3700248B2 - Reduced iron manufacturing pellets and reduced iron manufacturing method - Google Patents

Reduced iron manufacturing pellets and reduced iron manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3700248B2
JP3700248B2 JP12611696A JP12611696A JP3700248B2 JP 3700248 B2 JP3700248 B2 JP 3700248B2 JP 12611696 A JP12611696 A JP 12611696A JP 12611696 A JP12611696 A JP 12611696A JP 3700248 B2 JP3700248 B2 JP 3700248B2
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Prior art keywords
reduced iron
carbonaceous material
pellets
iron
iron manufacturing
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JP12611696A
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JPH09310111A (en
Inventor
俊秀 松村
一也 宮川
勲 小林
芳通 竹中
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]

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  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、炭材と酸化鉄を含む炭材内装ペレットを加熱還元する、いわゆる直接製鉄法に使用される還元鉄製造用ペレット、及び製品としての還元鉄の生産性を改善するための還元鉄製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、還元鉄の製造方法としては、ミドレックス法に示される方法が知られている。この製造方法は、天然ガスより生成される還元性ガスを羽口から吹込み、シャフト炉中を上昇させることによって鉄鉱石や酸化鉄ペレットを還元し、還元鉄を得るというものである。この製造方法では、コストの高い天然ガスを燃料として豊富に供給する必要がある。
【0003】
このようなコストの高い燃料に代えて、近年では、世界的に広く産出される石炭を還元剤として使用することのできる還元鉄製造プロセスが注目されている。その具体例として、ロータリーキルン内で焼成ペレットを石炭と燃料により加熱還元するSL/RN法と呼ばれるプロセスが既に稼働している。この種の製造方法はエネルギー消費量が高く、また築炉上の制約から一基当たりの年間生産量は15万トン規模に制限されている。さらに、使用する石炭の性状に制約がある等の問題があることから、製造設備の立地が特定の地域に限られている。
【0004】
また、上記SL/RN法と並ぶ還元鉄製造法として米国特許第3,443,931 号には、粉状酸化鉄と炭材とを混合してペレット化し、ロータリーハース上で加熱還元して還元鉄を製造するプロセスが記載されており、現在そのプロセスが見直されている。詳しくは、上記プロセスは、粉鉱石と炭材とを混合してペレット化し、高温雰囲気下で加熱還元するものであり、石炭ベースであること、粉鉱石を直接使用できること、高速還元が可能であること、製品中の炭素含有量を調節することができる等の利点を有している。一方で、このプロセスは、輻射熱を利用してペレットを加熱しているために原料層の高さが制限され、従って、製品の生産性を向上するためには、還元反応の反応速度自体を高める必要がある。
【0005】
上記の如く高温反応炉におけるプロセスにおいて、還元反応の反応速度を高める方法としては、還元時の処理温度を上昇させる方法が示される。ところが、この方法では、反応炉内の雰囲気温度全体を上昇させなければならないため消費エネルギーが増大し、さらに、ペレットの表面温度が1300℃以上になると溶融鉄、あるいは溶融酸化鉄が生成され製品の品質が低下するといった問題がある。また、反応炉内の雰囲気温度が上昇し過ぎると、装入直後にペレットが破裂する恐れもある。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したように、高温反応炉を用いて炭材内装ペレットを加熱還元し、還元鉄を生成するプロセスにおいては、還元時の処理温度を現状より上昇させることなく還元反応を促進することのできる還元鉄の製造方法の実現が期待されている。その製造方法が実現すれば、生産量を自由に増減することができる、いわゆる製品の生産弾力性を得ることができ、且つ製品の品質を安定化させることが可能になることから、極めて重要な技術として位置づけられている。
【0007】
本発明は以上のような従来の還元鉄の製造方法における課題を考慮してなされたものであり、炭材に含まれる揮発分の量を制御した還元鉄製造用ペレット、及び高温反応炉内の雰囲気温度を上昇させることなく還元反応を促進することができ、加熱過程におけるペレットの破裂を抑制することができる還元鉄の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のペレットは、炭材と酸化鉄を混合造粒して成形した炭材内装ペレットにおいて、炭材の揮発分含有量を炭材1g当たり0.020 0.026mol とすることにより、還元プロセス中の破裂を抑制したことを要旨とする。なお、以下の説明においては、炭材1gを1g−coalと呼ぶことがある。
【0009】
本発明の還元鉄製造方法は、炭材と酸化鉄を混合造粒して成形した炭材内装ペレットにおいて、還元時に揮発する揮発分の含有量が炭材1g当たり0.020 0.026molである様な炭材及び酸化鉄よりなるペレットを用いて還元鉄を製造することを要旨とする。上記還元鉄製造方法において炭材は、炭材単体、または複数の炭材を混合した混合物を使用することができる。
【0010】
本発明において、炭材とは、採掘後、粉砕、ふるい分け等の機械的操作を加えただけのもの、熱処理されたもの例えばコークスを粉砕したもの、廃棄物中に含まれていて回収使用するようなもの例えばダスト中の炭素等、要するに炭素を好ましくは80%以上含有するような任意の材料を示す。
本発明における揮発分とは、炭材に固有のCH4 ,H2 ,CO,CO2 ,水分等が示される。
【0011】
本発明は、ロータリーハース炉、トンネル炉等、炭材内装ペレットを所定の温度まで加熱、保持することが可能な全ての高温反応炉に適用することができる。
本発明の還元鉄の製造方法に従えば、炭材を混合した酸化鉄を高温反応炉内で加熱還元して還元鉄を製造する際に、揮発分含有量が炭材1g当たり0.026 mol 以下である様な、揮発分含有量の多い炭材を還元剤として使用することにより、反応炉内の雰囲気を上昇させることなく還元反応を促進させることができ、さらに、加熱過程におけるペレットの破裂を抑制することが可能となる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に示した実施例に基づいて本発明を詳細に説明する。
まず、還元鉄を製造するに当たり、種々の炭材と酸化鉄とを混合して製造したペレットを電気炉にて1250℃で加熱還元し、そのときの還元挙動を比較した。
表1は本実施例において試験に供せられた鉄鉱石と炭材の化学組成を示したものである。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 0003700248
【0014】
ただし、銘柄Gについては単体として使用するものでないため揮発分は測定せず。
これらの原料より作製したペレットを、N2 雰囲気下で1250℃に保持した電気炉内に投入し、加熱還元した。このときの製品の性状を表2に示す。
【0015】
【表2】
Figure 0003700248
【0016】
以上の結果から、炭材中の揮発分含有量と金属化率93%到達時間の関係を整理すると、図1のグラフに示される。このグラフから、炭材中の揮発分含有量が増加するのに伴い、金属化率93%到達時間が短くなっていること、及び揮発分含有量が0.026 mol/g-coalを超えると、還元途中でペレットが破裂(バースティング)することがわかる。従って、還元反応を促進させることと、ペレットの破裂を抑制することを両立させるには、炭材1g当たりの揮発分含有量が0.026 mol 以下の範囲内で揮発分含有量の多い炭材を還元剤として使用すればよい。
また、揮発分含有量が0.020molを下回ると、還元反応が著しく停滞するため、好ましい揮発分含有量は0.020 〜0.026mol/g-coalとなる。
【0017】
以上の結果に基づいて、実機による還元鉄の製造を行った。すなわち、揮発分含有量の異なる炭材を使用し、図2に示すような、直径6mのロータリーハース炉を含む設備を用いて還元鉄の製造を行った。詳しくは、鉄鋼石,炭材,バインダーを貯留している原料槽1から計量排出され、原料ミキサ2にて混合され、造粒装置3にて粒状に成形され、乾燥機4を通過することによって成形されたペレットは、ロータリーハース炉5に導入されて加熱還元され、冷却された後、製品として排出されるようになっている。なお、図中、符号6は排ガス燃焼炉、7は熱交換器、8は集塵機、9は煙突、10及び11はブロアである。
そのときの原料の化学組成を表3に、また、操業条件を表4にそれぞれ示す。
【0018】
【表3】
Figure 0003700248
【0019】
【表4】
Figure 0003700248
【0020】
図3のグラフに、そのときのペレットの金属化率の経時変化を示す。同図から、炭材の揮発分含有量が増加するのに伴って、反応初期の金属化率の立ち上がりが急になり、その結果として93%到達時間が短縮されていることがわかる。このときの生産率変化は表5に示す通りであり、炭材の揮発分含有量を制御(高める)することにより、製品還元鉄の生産性を向上させることが可能であることが確認された。
【0021】
【表5】
Figure 0003700248
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したことから明らかなように、本発明によれば、炭材と酸化鉄からなる炭材内装ペレットを原料として使用する還元鉄製造方法において、加熱還元中のペレットの破裂を抑制し、且つ雰囲気温度を上昇させることなく、製品還元鉄の生産性を制御することが可能となる。これにより、安定した品質の還元鉄を大量に製造することが可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例に係る炭材中の揮発分含有率と金属化率93%到達率との関係を示すグラフである。
【図2】本発明の実施例に係る加熱還元プロセスに使用される設備の構成を示す工程系統図である。
【図3】本発明の実施例に係る揮発分含有量の異なる炭材を使用した時の金属化率の経時変化を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1 原料槽
2 原料ミキサー
3 造粒装置
4 乾燥機
5 ロータリーハース炉
6 排ガス燃焼炉
7 熱交換器
8 集塵機
9 煙突
10 ブロア
11 ブロア[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to pellets for producing reduced iron used in the so-called direct iron making method, and reduced iron for improving the productivity of reduced iron as a product, by heating and reducing carbonaceous material-containing pellets containing carbonaceous material and iron oxide. It relates to a manufacturing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the method shown by the Midrex method is known as a manufacturing method of reduced iron. In this manufacturing method, a reducing gas produced from natural gas is blown from the tuyere and raised in the shaft furnace to reduce iron ore and iron oxide pellets to obtain reduced iron. In this manufacturing method, it is necessary to supply abundantly expensive natural gas as fuel.
[0003]
In recent years, attention has been paid to a reduced iron production process that can use coal, which is widely produced worldwide, as a reducing agent in place of such high-cost fuel. As a specific example, a process called an SL / RN method in which calcined pellets are heated and reduced with coal and fuel in a rotary kiln is already in operation. This type of manufacturing method has high energy consumption, and the annual production per unit is limited to 150,000 tons due to restrictions on the construction of the furnace. Furthermore, because there are problems such as restrictions on the properties of coal used, the location of production facilities is limited to specific areas.
[0004]
In addition, US Pat. No. 3,443,931 is a method for producing reduced iron along with the SL / RN method described above. In US Pat. No. 3,443,931, powdered iron oxide and carbonaceous material are mixed and pelletized, and reduced iron is produced by heat reduction on a rotary hearth. The process is described and is currently being reviewed. Specifically, the above process is a mixture of powdered ore and carbonaceous material, pelletized, and heated and reduced in a high-temperature atmosphere. It is coal-based, can use powdered ore directly, and can be reduced at high speed. And the carbon content in the product can be adjusted. On the other hand, in this process, since the pellets are heated using radiant heat, the height of the raw material layer is limited. Therefore, in order to improve the productivity of the product, the reaction rate of the reduction reaction itself is increased. There is a need.
[0005]
As a method for increasing the reaction rate of the reduction reaction in the process in the high-temperature reactor as described above, a method for increasing the treatment temperature during the reduction is shown. However, this method increases the energy consumption because the entire atmospheric temperature in the reactor must be raised, and when the pellet surface temperature exceeds 1300 ° C, molten iron or molten iron oxide is produced and the product There is a problem that the quality deteriorates. Moreover, if the atmospheric temperature in the reaction furnace rises too much, the pellet may burst immediately after charging.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in the process of heating and reducing carbonaceous material-containing pellets using a high-temperature reactor to produce reduced iron, the reduction reaction can be promoted without increasing the treatment temperature during reduction from the current level. Realization of an iron manufacturing method is expected. If the manufacturing method is realized, the production volume can be increased or decreased freely, so-called production elasticity of the product can be obtained, and the quality of the product can be stabilized. It is positioned as a technology.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the problems in the conventional method for producing reduced iron as described above. The reduced iron production pellet in which the amount of volatile components contained in the carbonaceous material is controlled, and the high temperature reactor It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing reduced iron that can promote the reduction reaction without increasing the atmospheric temperature and can suppress the rupture of the pellets during the heating process.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The pellet of the present invention is a carbon material-containing pellet formed by mixing and granulating a carbon material and iron oxide, and by setting the volatile content of the carbon material to 0.020 to 0.026 mol per gram of the carbon material , The gist is that the rupture was suppressed . In the following description, 1 g of carbonaceous material may be referred to as 1 g-coal.
[0009]
The method for producing reduced iron according to the present invention is such that the content of volatile components that volatilize during reduction is 0.020 to 0.026 mol per gram of the carbonaceous material in pellets formed by mixing and granulating the carbonaceous material and iron oxide. The gist is to produce reduced iron using pellets made of carbonaceous material and iron oxide. In the above reduced iron manufacturing method, as the carbon material, a carbon material alone or a mixture obtained by mixing a plurality of carbon materials can be used.
[0010]
In the present invention, the carbonaceous material is one that has been subjected to mechanical operations such as pulverization and sieving after mining, one that has been heat-treated, for example, one that has been pulverized coke, is contained in waste, and is recovered and used. An arbitrary material such as carbon in dust, that is, preferably containing 80% or more of carbon is shown.
The volatile matter in the present invention refers to CH 4 , H 2 , CO, CO 2 , moisture, etc. specific to the carbonaceous material.
[0011]
The present invention can be applied to all high-temperature reactors such as a rotary hearth furnace and a tunnel furnace that can heat and hold carbonaceous material-containing pellets to a predetermined temperature.
According to the method for producing reduced iron of the present invention, when reducing iron is produced by heating and reducing iron oxide mixed with a carbonaceous material in a high-temperature reactor, the volatile content is 0.026 mol or less per gram of carbonaceous material. By using a carbonaceous material with a high volatile content as a reducing agent, the reduction reaction can be promoted without raising the atmosphere in the reactor, and the bursting of the pellets during the heating process is suppressed. It becomes possible to do.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.
First, in producing reduced iron, pellets produced by mixing various carbon materials and iron oxide were heated and reduced at 1250 ° C. in an electric furnace, and the reduction behavior at that time was compared.
Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the iron ore and carbon material used in the test in this example.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003700248
[0014]
However, since the brand G is not used as a single unit, the volatile content is not measured.
Pellets produced from these raw materials were put into an electric furnace maintained at 1250 ° C. in an N 2 atmosphere, and reduced by heating. Table 2 shows the properties of the product at this time.
[0015]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003700248
[0016]
From the above results, the relationship between the volatile content in the carbonaceous material and the time required to reach a metalization rate of 93% is shown in the graph of FIG. From this graph, as the volatile content in the charcoal increases, the time to reach a metalization rate of 93% is shortened, and when the volatile content exceeds 0.026 mol / g-coal, It can be seen that the pellet bursts (bursting) along the way. Therefore, in order to promote both the reduction reaction and the suppression of pellet rupture, the carbon material with a high volatile content is reduced within a range where the volatile content per 1 g of the carbon material is 0.026 mol or less. What is necessary is just to use it as an agent.
On the other hand, when the volatile content is less than 0.020 mol, the reduction reaction is remarkably stagnant, so that the preferable volatile content is 0.020 to 0.026 mol / g-coal.
[0017]
Based on the above results, reduced iron was produced by an actual machine. That is, reduced iron was produced using equipment including a rotary hearth furnace having a diameter of 6 m as shown in FIG. Specifically, by being weighed and discharged from the raw material tank 1 storing steel stone, carbonaceous material and binder, mixed in the raw material mixer 2, formed into granules in the granulator 3, and passed through the dryer 4. The molded pellets are introduced into the rotary hearth furnace 5, heated and reduced, cooled, and then discharged as a product. In the figure, reference numeral 6 is an exhaust gas combustion furnace, 7 is a heat exchanger, 8 is a dust collector, 9 is a chimney, and 10 and 11 are blowers.
The chemical composition of the raw material at that time is shown in Table 3, and the operating conditions are shown in Table 4, respectively.
[0018]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003700248
[0019]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003700248
[0020]
The graph of FIG. 3 shows the change over time in the metallization rate of the pellets at that time. From the figure, it can be seen that as the volatile content of the carbon material increases, the rise of the metallization rate at the initial stage of the reaction suddenly increases, and as a result, the arrival time of 93% is shortened. The production rate change at this time is as shown in Table 5, and it was confirmed that it is possible to improve the productivity of product reduced iron by controlling (enhancing) the volatile content of the carbonaceous material. .
[0021]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003700248
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, in the reduced iron production method using a carbonaceous material-containing pellet made of carbonaceous material and iron oxide as a raw material, the bursting of the pellet during heat reduction is suppressed, and Productivity of product reduced iron can be controlled without increasing the ambient temperature. This makes it possible to produce a large amount of reduced quality iron.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a relationship between a volatile content in a carbonaceous material and a metalization rate of 93% attainment according to an example of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram showing a configuration of equipment used in a heat reduction process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change over time in the metallization rate when using carbonaceous materials having different volatile content according to an example of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Raw material tank 2 Raw material mixer 3 Granulator 4 Dryer 5 Rotary hearth furnace 6 Exhaust gas combustion furnace 7 Heat exchanger 8 Dust collector 9 Chimney 10 Blower 11 Blower

Claims (3)

炭材と酸化鉄を混合造粒して成形した炭材内装ペレットにおいて、前記炭材の揮発分含有量を炭材1g当たり0.020 0.026mol とし、還元プロセス中の破裂を抑制したことを特徴とする還元鉄製造用ペレット。Carbonaceous material-incorporated pellets formed by mixing and granulating a carbonaceous material and iron oxide, characterized in that the volatile content of the carbonaceous material is 0.020 to 0.026 mol per gram of the carbonaceous material to suppress bursting during the reduction process. To produce reduced iron. 請求項1に記載の還元鉄製造用ペレットを用いて還元鉄を製造することを特徴とする還元鉄製造方法。  A method for producing reduced iron using the pellets for producing reduced iron according to claim 1. 前記炭材は、炭材単体、または複数の炭材を混合した混合物を使用する請求項記載の還元鉄製造方法。The method for producing reduced iron according to claim 2 , wherein the carbon material is a carbon material alone or a mixture obtained by mixing a plurality of carbon materials.
JP12611696A 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Reduced iron manufacturing pellets and reduced iron manufacturing method Expired - Fee Related JP3700248B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12611696A JP3700248B2 (en) 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Reduced iron manufacturing pellets and reduced iron manufacturing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12611696A JP3700248B2 (en) 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Reduced iron manufacturing pellets and reduced iron manufacturing method

Publications (2)

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JPH09310111A JPH09310111A (en) 1997-12-02
JP3700248B2 true JP3700248B2 (en) 2005-09-28

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KR102112635B1 (en) * 2017-12-19 2020-05-19 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 The method for producing direct reduced iron by multi-stage reduction

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