JP3613935B2 - Performance practice device and medium recording program - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a performance practice device used for performance practice of an electronic keyboard instrument or the like and a medium on which a program is recorded.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As one of the performance practice devices, there is a device that compares a key pressing operation by a performer with performance data of the same song stored in advance and controls the progress of the song according to the comparison result. When the player's key pressing operation matches the performance data, the music continues to progress, and when it does not match, the music progress is interrupted until they match.
[0003]
The performance data to be compared is stored in a track called a guide track. The user can select whether or not to perform the matching progress control.
[0004]
When the coincidence progress control is performed, the coincidence progress control is performed for all the notes (notes) in the performance data stored in the guide track. When matching progress control is not performed, matching progress control is not performed for all the notes. In this case, the song is not interrupted.
[0005]
When beginners practice playing difficult songs including decoration sounds and chords, erroneous key press operations increase or the performance speed slows down. As a result, the song does not go forward. Beginners can practice smoothly for simple phrase parts, but performance is delayed for difficult phrase parts. When there are difficult phrases in a song to be practiced, and the song does not progress well, the performer often dislikes practice and often gives up practice.
[0006]
In order to solve the above problem, a means for arranging songs to be simple can be considered. This means that it is convenient for beginners, but it is too easy for intermediate or advanced users to practice.
[0007]
Therefore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-189572 discloses a method for determining whether or not to perform the coincidence progress control for each note, not necessarily performing the coincidence progression control for all the notes of the song.
[0008]
The gazette discloses a technique for providing a cue flag for deciding whether or not to perform coincidence progress control for each note. However, since the cue flag is added to each note in the performance data, the amount of data increases. In particular, the data amount increases greatly for a large number of notes, that is, a long song.
[0009]
Further, since the cue flag is added to each note in the performance data, the performance data forms a special format, and the versatility of the data is lost. As performance data, performance data for automatic performance is usually used. General-purpose performance data can be reproduced using a general automatic performance device. However, if the cue flag is added and the versatility of the performance data is lost, it cannot be played back by a general automatic performance device.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
If a cue flag is added to each note in order to enhance the function as a performance practice device, the amount of performance data will increase. In addition, if the cue flag is added, the performance data format is dedicated, so the versatility of the performance data is lost.
[0011]
An object of the present invention is to provide a performance training apparatus or a medium on which a program is recorded having a full function without increasing the amount of performance data and maintaining the versatility of the performance data.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to one aspect of the present invention, a performance practice device detects first data composed of a plurality of bits from performance data, and first interprets and processes the first data as performance information. 1 processing means and four values of the lower 2 bits of the first data are interpreted as fingering information indicating the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and ring finger or little finger, respectively, and the finger is represented based on the fingering information. Second processing means for displaying information.
[0013]
The first data in the performance data is composed of a plurality of bits. All bits of the first data can be interpreted as performance information. However, even if the lower bits of the first data are formally part of the performance information data, the contents are no longer meaningful as performance information. The lower bits of the first data can be used as performance practice information. The lower bits of the first data have two roles of performance information and performance practice information. Since the first data has two pieces of information, the amount of performance data is smaller than when the two pieces of information are stored in different data areas. The first data maintains versatility as performance information.
[0014]
Further, the performance practice device of the present invention includes a reading means for sequentially reading performance data, and a note in a note-off event corresponding to the note-on event in response to the reading means reading a note-on event from the performance data. Search means for searching for off velocity, and performance practice processing means for processing the note off velocity searched by the search means as performance practice information.
[0015]
Note-off velocity loses its significance as velocity data in terms of content, and has significance as performance practice information. However, note off velocity maintains the general format as performance data because it maintains the format as velocity data. Since the performance data includes performance practice information, a performance practice function can be added. When a note-on event is read, the corresponding note-off velocity can be searched and the note-off velocity can be obtained as performance practice information.
[0016]
Furthermore, the performance practice device of the present invention is means for converting performance data including a note-on event and a note-off event to generate new performance data, and corresponds to the note-off velocity in the note-off event in the performance data. Performance data conversion means for generating performance data in a format for storing performance practice information in association with a note-on event corresponding to the note-off event; and reading means for sequentially reading performance data generated by the performance data conversion means; When the reading means reads a note-on event from the performance data, it has performance practice processing means for performing performance practice based on performance practice information associated with the note-on event.
[0017]
The note-off velocity is formally velocity data, but is meaningful as performance practice information in terms of content. Since note-on events and their corresponding note-off velocities are located apart from each other in the performance data, performance data is first converted as preprocessing, and note-off velocities that have significance as performance data are converted into corresponding note-on events. Store it in association. Thereafter, when the performance data is sequentially read and the note-on event is read, the associated performance practice information can be easily obtained and processing for performance practice can be performed.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 2 shows a format example of performance data used in the performance practice device according to the embodiment of the present invention. This format is called a standard MIDI file, and is a general-purpose format for performance data.
[0019]
The performance data 10 includes note event 1, timing data 2, note event 3, timing data 4, and end data 5. The performance data 10 can include control changes or program changes.
[0020]
Note event 1 is a note-on event. Timing data 2 indicates a time interval between the note event 1 and the next note event 3. Note event 3 is a note-off event. The timing data 4 indicates a time interval between the note event 3 and the next note event (not shown). End data 5 indicates the end of the performance data 10.
[0021]
Note events 1 and 3 are both MIDI format data and 3 bytes of data. In the note-on event 1, the first byte is the note-on 1a, the second byte is the note number 1b, and the third byte is the velocity 1c. In the note-off event 3, the first byte is the note-off 3a, the second byte is the note number 3b, and the third byte is the velocity 3c.
[0022]
In this embodiment, a performance practice flag is embedded in the note-on velocity 1c or the note-off velocity 3c. The performance practice flag is a flag for adding a performance practice function to the performance practice device.
[0023]
FIG. 1A shows a configuration of note-on velocity 1c according to the MIDI standard. In this embodiment, first, a MIDI standard note-on velocity 1c is prepared as shown in FIG. Note off velocity 3c has the same configuration.
[0024]
The note-on velocity 1c consists of 1 byte (8 bits), and the most significant bit is always 0. This is a data format determined by the MIDI standard. The lower 7 bits of data 6 are the actual velocity data. The velocity data 6 is 7 bits and is represented by a numerical value in the range of 0 to 127. Velocity data 6 is usually used to represent volume. The note-on velocity 1c may be read from commercially available software or created using an electronic musical instrument.
[0025]
FIG. 1B is a diagram in which a performance practice flag 7 is embedded in the note-on velocity 1c of FIG. The performance data provider prepares the note on velocity 1c shown in FIG. 1A, and then rewrites the lower 2 bits of the note on velocity 1c to the performance practice flag 7. The performance practice flag 7 may be set or changed by the performer.
[0026]
Note-on velocity 1c can be used in two ways. One is that the lower 7 bits or all bits are used as velocity data 6 in accordance with the normal MIDI standard. In the other, the lower 2 bits are used as the performance practice flag 7. That is, the lower 2 bits of the note-on velocity 1c are used as a part of velocity data 6 and also as a performance practice flag 7. The performance practice flag 7 is not limited to the lower 2 bits, and may be the lower 1 or 3 bits.
[0027]
Since some bits of the velocity data 6 are rewritten to the performance practice flag 7, the value as the velocity data 6 includes a slight error. The velocity data 6 (FIG. 1 (A)) before setting the performance practice flag 7 has 7-bit precision, but the velocity data 6 (FIG. 1 (B)) after setting the performance practice flag 7 is the upper five. It will have bit precision.
[0028]
However, since the performance practice flag 7 is set in the lower bits of the velocity 1c, the accuracy as the velocity data 6 is slightly deteriorated, but the velocity data 6 never changes to another value. As long as the lower 1 or 2 bits of the velocity data 6 are used as the performance practice flag 7, the range is perceptually acceptable.
[0029]
If the performance practice flag 7 is set in the lower bits of the velocity 1c, the same effect as that obtained by adding the performance practice flag 7 can be obtained without increasing the data amount. Further, since the velocity data 6 can be used as a velocity value even in a versatile automatic performance device, versatility is maintained.
[0030]
A performance practice flag may be embedded in the lower bits of the note-off velocity 3c. In general, there are many sound source devices that do not use (ignore) note-off velocity, and note-off velocity is less important than note-on velocity, so there are more low-order bits and, in extreme cases, all bits of velocity data. , May be rewritten as a performance practice flag.
[0031]
Next, a specific example of the performance practice flag 7 will be described.
(1) Queue flag
The lower 1 bit of the note on velocity is used as the cue flag. The cue flag is a flag for controlling the progression of music by comparing, for example, a key pressing operation by a player with performance data.
[0032]
When the cue flag is 1, it indicates that the note (note) corresponding to the note-on is a note for making a determination for the progress of the key press coincidence. On the other hand, when the cue flag is 0, it indicates that the note corresponding to the note-on is a note that does not make a determination for the key-pressing progression.
[0033]
The cue flag controls the progress of music according to the match of note-on, and is not limited to the keyboard, and can be applied to any instrument that can generate note-on.
[0034]
(2) Fingering information
The lower 2 bits (numerical values 0 to 3) or 3 bits (numerical values 0 to 7) of note-on velocity are used for fingering information. The fingering information (in the case of 3 bits) indicates, for example, the finger to be pressed by the performer, where 0 is the thumb, 1 is the index finger, 2 is the middle finger, 3 is the ring finger, and 4 is the little finger. If the fingering information is displayed on the display, the performer can practice proper fingering. In the case of 3 bits, since three types of information can be identified, glissando (palm, finger) information and the like may be included.
[0035]
Note that if the lower 3 bits are used for fingering information, the accuracy of note-on velocity will deteriorate, so the lower 2 bits (numerical values 0 to 3) may be used for fingering information. In this case, the fingering information is 0 for the thumb, 1 for the index finger, 2 for the middle finger, 3 for the ring finger or little finger. The distinction between ring finger and little finger is lost, but this distinction is not so important, and the advantage of not reducing the accuracy of note-on velocity is much greater.
[0036]
(3) Right / left hand information
The lower 1 bit of note-on velocity is used for right / left hand information. The right hand / left hand information is, for example, information on a hand to be pressed by the performer, where 0 is the right hand and 1 is the left hand. By displaying the right hand and left hand as the song progresses, the performer can practice using the right hand and left hand appropriately.
[0037]
In normal performance data, the right hand part and the lower left part are recorded on different tracks, so that only the left hand part or the right hand part can be reproduced. However, two tracks for right hand and left hand are required.
[0038]
If the right / left hand information is set, both the right hand part and the left hand part can be recorded in one track. When only the right hand part is to be played back, it is sufficient to play back only the note (note) for which the right hand information is set. By setting the right / left hand information, the number of tracks to be used can be reduced. For example, in a reproducing or recording apparatus having a small number of tracks (for example, 4 or 8 tracks), the effect of reducing the number of tracks used is great.
[0039]
(4) Pitch name information (# or ♭)
The lower 1 bit of note-on velocity is used for pitch name information. One black key has two pitch name expressions. For example, C # and D ♭ represent the same black key. The pitch name information distinguishes whether the black key is represented by # or ♭. For example, 0 is # and 1 is ♭. The performer can learn whether it is musically correct to express the note name in # or ♭.
[0040]
(5) Performance support information
The lower 2 bits or 3 bits of note-on velocity are used as performance auxiliary information. The performance auxiliary information is, for example, staccato, legato, crescendo, decrescendo, pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff.
[0041]
In the above, the example of five performance practice flags was shown. The performance practice flag is not limited to the case of setting the note-on velocity 1c, but may be set to the note-off velocity 3c (FIG. 2). Note-on velocity is usually used as a volume, but note-off velocity is usually not used in many cases. Therefore, when setting the performance practice flag to note-off velocity, all bits may be used as the performance practice flag.
[0042]
However, when setting the performance practice flag to note-off velocity, the following measures are required. If the performance practice flag is set to note-on velocity, the performance practice flag can be easily processed in response to note-on for instructing the start of sound generation. On the other hand, when the performance practice flag is set not to the note-on velocity 1c (FIG. 2) but to the note-off velocity 3c (FIG. 2) that appears thereafter, the note-on for instructing the start of pronunciation It is difficult to deal with. This is because various data may enter between the note-on event 1 and the note-off event 3 (FIG. 2). In order to eliminate such inconvenience, a certain device is required. This point will be described later with reference to a flowchart.
[0043]
Furthermore, the performance practice flag is not limited to note-on velocity or note-off velocity, and may be set in other control information such as volume and effect.
[0044]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the performance practice device according to this embodiment.
The key press detection circuit 18 detects a key operation on the keyboard 17 and its operation speed, and generates a note-on or note-off signal or the like. These note-on or note-off signals include velocity information indicating the key pressing speed or key releasing speed. The switch detection circuit 20 detects a switch operation in the switch 19 and generates a switch signal.
[0045]
In addition to the key depression detection circuit 18 and the switch detection circuit 20, the bus 25 is connected with a display circuit 21, a sound source circuit 22, an effect circuit 23, a ROM 11, a RAM 12, a CPU 13, a timer 14, a MIDI interface 15, and a floppy disk drive device 16. Has been. In addition to these, a communication interface for communicating with other computers or the like via a CD-ROM drive or various networks may be provided.
[0046]
The RAM 12 has a working area for the CPU 13 that stores a flag or a buffer. The ROM 11 stores various parameters or computer programs. The CPU 13 performs calculation or control according to the computer program stored in the ROM 11. Instead of the computer program stored in the ROM 11, a program may be installed in the apparatus from a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, another computer, or the like, and calculation or control may be performed based on the program.
[0047]
The timer 14 is connected to the CPU 13. The CPU 13 performs timer interrupt processing at predetermined time intervals in accordance with the time information supplied from the timer 14. The MIDI interface 15 can input / output MIDI data to / from the outside.
[0048]
The performance data shown in FIG. 2 is stored in the floppy disk drive 16 or the ROM 11. When performance data is stored in the floppy disk drive device 16, the performance data is loaded from the floppy disk drive device 16 into the RAM 12, and then the performance data is reproduced.
[0049]
The CPU 13 reads performance data stored in the RAM 12 or the ROM 11 and supplies a musical tone parameter and an effect parameter to the tone generator circuit 22 and the effect circuit 23, respectively. Further, the CPU 13 generates a musical tone parameter and an effect parameter according to a note-on signal generated by the key depression detection circuit 18 and a switch signal generated by the switch detection circuit 20, and a sound source circuit 22 and an effect circuit 23, respectively. To supply.
[0050]
The tone generator circuit 22 generates a tone signal according to the supplied tone parameter. The effect circuit 23 gives an effect such as delay or reverberation to the musical sound signal generated by the tone generator circuit 22 according to the supplied effect parameter, and supplies it to the sound system 24. The sound system 24 includes a D / A converter and a speaker, converts a digital tone signal supplied to an analog format and generates a sound.
[0051]
The sound source circuit 22 may be of any method such as a waveform memory method, FM method, physical model method, harmonic synthesis method, formant synthesis method, VCO + VCF + VCA analog synthesizer method, or the like.
[0052]
Further, the tone generator circuit 22 is not limited to being configured using dedicated hardware, but may be configured using a DSP + microprogram, or may be configured using a CPU + software program.
[0053]
Further, a plurality of tone generation channels may be formed by using one tone generator circuit in a time division manner, or a plurality of tone generation channels may be configured by one tone generator circuit for each tone generation channel. .
[0054]
Next, the performance practice flag will be described. For example, a performance practice flag is set in the lower bits of note-on velocity in the performance data. When the cue flag is used as the performance practice flag, the CPU 13 compares the performance data stored in the RAM 12 or the ROM 11 with the key pressing operation on the keyboard 17, and if they match, the music advances, and if they do not match, Interrupts the progress of the song.
[0055]
When fingering information, right / left hand information, pitch name information, performance assistance information, or the like is used as the performance practice flag, such information is displayed on the display circuit 21 to assist the performer in practice.
[0056]
The performance practice flag can be set in advance in the performance data. In addition, the performer can set or change the performance practice flag. In that case, it is possible to set or change individual notes using the edit screen displayed on the display circuit 21. As the edit screen, an edit screen for a sequencer can be used.
[0057]
In addition to setting a performance practice flag manually by a human, the performance practice flag may be set by analyzing performance data using a predetermined algorithm, or performing with a sensor attached to each finger of the performer. May be recorded, and a performance practice flag may be set so that it is possible to detect which finger and which hand have performed.
[0058]
Next, processing when a cue flag, fingering information, right / left hand information, and pitch name information are set as part of note-on velocity will be described.
[0059]
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the main routine when a part of the note-on velocity is used as a cue (match progress) flag.
[0060]
In step SA1, flags or registers are initialized.
In step SA2, matching progress processing is performed. The coincidence progress process is a process of interrupting the progress of the music when the player does not press the key corresponding to the next sound of the performance data even after a predetermined time has elapsed. Detailed processing will be described later with reference to FIG.
[0061]
In step SA3, performance data reading processing is performed. The performance data reading process is a process of reading performance data stored in the RAM or ROM and lighting a key LED or the like corresponding to the sound of the read performance data. Detailed processing will be described later with reference to FIGS.
[0062]
In step SA4, a key pressing process is performed. In the key pressing process, a key pressing operation or the like on the keyboard is detected, and a process corresponding to the operation is performed. When note-on is detected, sound generation processing is performed, and when note-off is detected, mute processing is performed. When note-on is detected when the progress of the song is interrupted because the performer does not perform the correct key pressing operation, and the note-on matches the sound of the performance data, the progression of the song is resumed. Detailed processing will be described later with reference to FIG.
[0063]
In step SA5, other processing is performed. Other processing includes, for example, processing for instructing the start of performance practice, changing the tempo and volume, and setting various modes. Thereafter, the process returns to step SA2 to repeat the above processing.
[0064]
If the player's key pressing operation matches the performance data, the song progresses, and if it does not match, the song stops.
[0065]
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing details of the performance data reading process in step SA3 of FIG.
In step SB1, it is checked whether or not the reproduction timer is 0 or less. If the playback timer is 0 or less, it means that the timing of the next event has been reached. The playback timer is set according to timing information, and is counted by the following playback timer interrupt processing.
[0066]
FIG. 6A is a flowchart showing the reproduction timer interruption process. This interruption process is performed at a predetermined time interval of 10 ms, for example. In step SC1, the value of the reproduction timer is decremented. Thereafter, the processing returns to the state before the interruption. The reproduction timer is initialized to 0 when the start of performance practice is instructed, and then decremented, for example, every 10 ms.
[0067]
Returning to FIG. 5, when it is determined in step SB1 that the regeneration timer is 0 or less, the process proceeds to step SB2. In step SB2, the event is read from the performance data stored in the RAM or ROM. One event is, for example, note event 1 or timing data 2 shown in FIG.
[0068]
In step SB3, it is checked whether or not the read event is a note event. Note events are events such as note-on and note-off, such as note event 1 or 3 shown in FIG. If it is a note event, the process proceeds to step SB4 to perform note event processing. The note event processing includes processing of a cue flag set as a part of note on velocity. Detailed processing will be described later with reference to FIG. Thereafter, the process returns to the main routine of FIG.
[0069]
When it is determined in step SB3 that the read event is not a note event, the process proceeds to step SB5. In step SB5, it is checked whether or not the read event is timing data. The timing data indicates a time interval between a note event and the next note event, and is, for example, the timing data 2 or 4 shown in FIG. If the read event is timing data, the process proceeds to step SB6.
[0070]
In step SB6, the timing data × tempo coefficient value is added to the reproduction timer. The playback timer is decremented in units of 10 ms by the interrupt process of FIG. The tempo coefficient is a coefficient for converting the unit of timing data into the unit of reproduction timer (10 ms). In this way, the time until the next note event is set in the playback timer. Thereafter, the process returns to the main routine of FIG.
[0071]
When the above value is added to the reproduction timer, the value of the reproduction timer is decremented at intervals of 10 ms thereafter. In step SB1, as long as the reproduction timer is greater than 0, the performance data event is not read, and the process returns to the main routine of FIG. When the value of the reproduction timer becomes 0 or less, it means that the next event read timing has come, so the process proceeds to step SB2, the next event is read, and the same processing as described above is repeated.
[0072]
It should be noted that, in step SB6, a predetermined value is added to the regeneration timer instead of setting a predetermined value. Since the performance data reading process shown in FIG. 5 is not a timer interrupt process, it is usually not performed at regular time intervals. That is, if the reproduction timer proceeds to step SB2 every time when the reproduction timer is 0 in step SB1, the reproduction timer may be updated to a predetermined value in step SB6, but the value of the reproduction timer is negative in step SB1. Since the process sometimes proceeds to step SB2, it is necessary to add a predetermined value to the reproduction timer in step SB6.
[0073]
When the read event is determined not to be a note event in step SB3 and is determined not to be timing data in step SB5, it is an other event, so the process proceeds to step SB7. Other events are, for example, program change or control change.
[0074]
In step SB7, other events are processed. For example, if the other event is a program change, a timbre change process is performed. Thereafter, the process returns to the main routine of FIG.
[0075]
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing details of the note event processing in step SB4 of FIG.
[0076]
In step SD1, it is checked whether or not the read note event is a note-on event. If it is a note-on event, the process proceeds to step SD11 to perform sound generation processing. In the sound generation process, musical tone parameters corresponding to the note number (pitch) and note on velocity (volume) included in the note-on event are supplied to the tone generator circuit, and the sound system generates sound.
[0077]
Note-on velocity is interpreted and processed as velocity data (volume). However, note-on velocity is slightly less accurate as velocity data because a cue (match progress) flag is set in the lower bits. Note that this sound generation process can be generated with a low sound volume or with a different tone color so as to be distinguished from the sound generated by the player's key pressing process. Then, it progresses to step SD2 and turns on a guide lamp.
[0078]
FIG. 15A shows an example of a guide lamp. The keyboard has a plurality of keys 44. One guide lamp 42 is provided for each of the plurality of keys 44. The guide lamp 42 is an LED, for example. When a note-on event is read, the corresponding guide number 43 of the note number is turned on. By turning on the guide lamp 43, the player can be notified of the key to be pressed next. This helps the performer's manual performance.
[0079]
Step SD3 is processing when the cue (coincidence progress) flag is set to the lower bits of the note-off velocity. This process will be described later. When the cue flag is set to the lower bit of the note on velocity, the process of step SD3 is skipped and the process proceeds to step SD4.
[0080]
In step SD4, it is checked whether the note on velocity is an odd number or an even number. An odd number of note-on velocities indicates that the lower 1 bit of the note-on velocity is 1. That is, the queue flag is 1. In this case, it means that the note is a note for making a judgment for the progress of matching, and the process proceeds to step SD5.
[0081]
In step SD5, the event is stored in the reproduction match progress buffer shown in FIG. 8A, and the timer value of the event is set to zero. For example, note number 1b (for example, C4 or G4) in note-on event 1 (FIG. 2) of the read performance data is stored in the reproduction match progress buffer, and the timer value is set to zero. This timer value is irrelevant to the previous playback timer (FIG. 6A), and represents the time since the event was stored in the playback match progress buffer. Thereafter, the processing returns to the flowchart of FIG. 5 (FIG. 4).
[0082]
If it is determined in step SD4 that the note on velocity is an even number, it indicates that the lower 1 bit of the note on velocity is 0. That is, the queue flag is 0. In that case, it means that the note is a note that is not subject to coincidence progression, so the process proceeds to step SD6.
[0083]
In step SD6, it is checked whether the matching progress mode is 1 or 2. When the coincidence progress mode is 1, it is a mode for advanced users, and coincidence progression control is performed for all the notes. When the match progress mode is 2, it is a mode for beginners, and the match progress control is performed only for a predetermined note corresponding to the cue flag. This coincidence progress control mode is set by other processing in step SA5 in FIG.
[0084]
When the match progress mode is 1, match progress control is performed for all the notes regardless of the value of the cue flag. Therefore, the process proceeds to step SD5, and similarly to the above, the event is stored in the playback match progress buffer, and the timer value Is set to 0.
[0085]
That is, when the match progress mode is 1, regardless of whether the queue flag is 0 or 1, events are always stored in the playback match progress buffer. Thereafter, the process returns to the process of the flowchart of FIG. 5 (FIG. 4).
[0086]
When the match progress mode is 2, it is determined whether or not to make a decision for match progress according to the cue flag. Therefore, when the note on velocity is an even number, that is, the cue flag is 0, the event is played and the match progresses. Without storing in the buffer, the process returns from step SD6 to the process of the flowchart of FIG. 5 (FIG. 4).
[0087]
If it is determined in step SD1 that the read event is not a note-on event, it means that it is a note-off event. Therefore, the process proceeds to step SD12 and a sound muting process corresponding to the note-off event is performed. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step SD7.
[0088]
In step SD7, the guide lamp lit in step SD2 is turned off when the note-on event corresponding to the note-off event is read. Thereafter, the process returns to the process of the flowchart of FIG. 5 (FIG. 4).
[0089]
When the cue flag is set not to the lower bits of note-on velocity but to the lower bits of note-off velocity, the process of step SD3 is performed. Step SD3 is performed after the guide lamp is turned on in step SD2.
[0090]
In step SD3, a note-off event corresponding to the note-on event read out above is searched to obtain a note-off velocity in the note-off event. In step SD4, it is checked whether the note off velocity is an odd number or an even number, and thereafter the same processing as described above is performed.
[0091]
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing details of the matching progress process in step SA2 of FIG.
[0092]
In step SE1, it is checked whether or not the match progress timer is greater than zero. The match progress timer is counted by the match progress timer interrupt process described below.
[0093]
FIG. 6B is a flowchart showing the match progress timer interrupt process. This interruption process is performed at a predetermined time interval of 10 ms, for example. In step SC2, the value of the match progress timer is incremented. Thereafter, the processing returns to the state before the interruption. The coincidence progress timer is initialized to 0 when the start of performance practice is instructed, and then incremented, for example, every 10 ms.
[0094]
Returning to FIG. 9, when it is determined in step SE1 that the coincidence progress timer is greater than 0, the process proceeds to step SE2 in order to perform coincidence progress control. When the coincidence progress timer is 0, the coincidence progress process is not performed and the process returns to the main routine of FIG. In this way, the coincidence progress timer is used to reduce the load for coincidence progress control, and the coincidence progress control is performed almost at regular intervals.
[0095]
In step SE2, the coincidence progress timer is reset to zero. The coincidence progress timer becomes 0 until the next increment (FIG. 6B). As will be described in more detail later, the process of step SE2 passes on average at a unit time (for example, 10 ms) interval of the coincidence progress timer.
[0096]
In step SE3, apart from the coincidence progress timers described in steps SE1 and SE2, all the events in both the reproduction coincidence progress buffer (FIG. 8A) and the replay coincidence progress buffer (FIG. 8B) are detected. Increment timer value.
[0097]
As already described, the reproduction matching progress buffer for storing performance data events stores events in step SD5 of FIG. As will be described later, the hand-play match progress buffer is a buffer for storing an event caused by a key pressing operation on the keyboard.
[0098]
The timer values of both buffers are incremented at an average interval of 10 ms.
[0099]
In step SE4, a pose determination is performed, and it is checked whether or not a pose condition is satisfied. If an event in the reproduction match progress buffer (FIG. 8A) has a timer value equal to or greater than a predetermined value, it is determined that the pause condition is satisfied.
[0100]
Since the timer value of the buffer is incremented approximately every 10 ms in step SE3, the timer value 1 corresponds to 10 ms. If the predetermined value is 50, for example, the pause condition is satisfied when an event that has passed 500 ms remains in the buffer. If the performer does not press the appropriate key corresponding to the performance data after 500 ms, the pause condition is satisfied and the process proceeds to step SE5.
[0101]
In step SE5, pause setting is performed. Specifically, the pause flag is set to 1, and the decrement of the reproduction timer by the interrupt process shown in FIG. Thereafter, the process returns to the main routine of FIG. If the decrement of the playback timer is stopped, the playback timer does not become 0 or less in step SB1 in FIG. 5, so reading of the next event of the performance data in step SB2 is stopped, and the progression of the music stops.
[0102]
That is, even if, for example, 500 ms elapses after the performance data is read, if the player does not press the key corresponding to the performance data, the progress of the song is interrupted by the pause setting, and the player's proper key pressing is performed. Wait for operation.
[0103]
If it is determined in step SE4 that the pause condition is not satisfied, the process returns to the process of the flowchart of FIG. 4 without performing the pause setting.
[0104]
Next, the reason why the process proceeds to YES (step SE2) every 10 ms on average in step SE1 will be described. The coincidence progress timer (FIG. 6B) is incremented, for example, every 10 ms.
[0105]
Since the coincidence progress process of FIG. 9 is not a timer interrupt process, it is not performed at a constant time interval, but a case is considered in which the determination of step SE1 is performed at an interval of 1 ms on average. In that case, after the coincidence progress timer is incremented to 1, step SE1 is averaged 10 times until the next increment. In the first step SE1, since the coincidence progress timer is 1, the process proceeds to YES (steps SE3 to SE5). In the remaining nine steps SE1, since the coincidence progress timer has been reset to 0, the coincidence progress process passes through. In this way, the processing of steps SE2 to SE5 is performed once every about 10 ms.
[0106]
FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing details of the key pressing process in step SA4 of FIG.
[0107]
In step SF1, it is checked whether there is a key event generated by a key operation on the keyboard. When there is a key event, the process proceeds to step SF2 to process the key event. When there is no key event, the process returns to the main routine of FIG. 4 without processing the key event.
[0108]
In step SF2, it is checked whether or not the key event is a key-on event. If it is a key-on event, the process proceeds to step SF11.
[0109]
In step SF11, sound generation processing for the key-on event is performed. The sound generation process is a process of supplying a key-on event and a parameter corresponding thereto to the sound source circuit 22 and the effect circuit 23 (FIG. 3). In the sound system 24, a sound is generated in response to the key-on event. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step SF3.
[0110]
In step SF3, the above event is stored in the hand-play match progress buffer shown in FIG. 8B, and the timer value of the event is set to zero. For example, A3 is stored as a note number in the hand-play match progress buffer, and the timer value is set to zero. This timer value represents the time since the event was stored in the buffer, and is then incremented in step SE3 in FIG.
[0111]
In step SF4, the events in the reproduction match progress buffer (FIG. 8A) and the hand-play match progress buffer (FIG. 8B) are compared. The play match progress buffer stores performance data events, and the hand-play match progress buffer stores events due to the player's keyboard operation.
[0112]
In step SF5, it is checked whether there is an event that matches both buffers, that is, whether there is an event with the same note number. If there is no matching event, the process returns to the main routine of FIG. If there is a matching event, it means that the performer has pressed the correct key, so the process proceeds to step SF6, and the matching event is deleted from both buffers.
[0113]
In step SF7, it is checked whether or not the current pause is being performed. When not paused, the process returns to the main routine of FIG. The pause setting is performed in step SE5 of FIG. When the pause flag is set to 1, it is determined that a pause is in progress. If the correct key-on is made during the pause, the process proceeds to step SF8 to cancel the pause.
[0114]
In step SF8, the pause is released. Specifically, the pause flag is reset to 0. Then, the decrement of the reproduction timer stopped in step SE5 in FIG. 9 is resumed. When the decrement of the reproduction timer is resumed, the performance data reading is resumed (step SB2 in FIG. 5), and the music progresses. Thereafter, the process returns to the main routine of FIG.
[0115]
When a key-off event is detected in step SF2, the process proceeds to step SF12. In step SF12, a sound muting process corresponding to the key-off event is performed. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step SF9.
[0116]
In step SF9, the key-on event corresponding to the key-off event is deleted from the hand-play match progress buffer (FIG. 8B). When the performer correctly presses the key, the event is deleted from the hand-playing progress buffer and the reproduction match progress buffer in step SF6. When the performer presses the wrong key, the event is deleted from the hand-play progress buffer in step SF9. Thereafter, the process returns to the main routine of FIG.
[0117]
In addition, although the case where match progress is controlled using the note number match progress buffer according to the cue flag has been described, the progress is controlled and the progress speed is controlled depending on whether or not the note numbers match. Also good.
[0118]
The case where the performance practice flag (for example, the cue flag) is set as a part of the note-on velocity or the note-off velocity has been described above. When setting the performance practice flag as a part of the note-off velocity, when the note-on event is detected, the velocity of the corresponding note-off event is searched and the performance flag during the note-off velocity is determined. .
[0119]
Next, another example when the performance practice flag is set to note-off velocity is shown. Before performing the performance practice process, as a pre-process, the performance practice flag included in the note-off velocity is read and stored after the note-on corresponding to the note-off.
[0120]
FIG. 11 shows the performance data 10 before processing and the performance data 30 after processing.
The performance data 10 before processing is in the same standard MIDI file format as that in FIG. 2, and has a note-on event 1, a timing data 2 corresponding thereto, a note-off event 3 and timing data 4 corresponding thereto. Note-off event 3 is an event for note-off of note-on by note-on event 1.
[0121]
The performance practice flag is set as a part of the note-off velocity 3c. Usually, since the value of the note-off velocity 3c is often not used as performance data, all the bits of the note-off velocity 3c may be used as a performance practice flag.
[0122]
The processed performance data 30 is obtained by adding a performance practice flag 31 to the performance data 10. Before processing, the performance data 10 has a performance practice flag in the note-off velocity 3c. After the processing, the performance data 30 has a performance practice flag 31 between the note-on event 1 and its timing data 2.
[0123]
By providing the performance practice flag 31 immediately after the note-on event 1, the performance practice flag 31 can be immediately determined when the note-on event 1 is read.
[0124]
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a process of data conversion from the performance data 10 to the performance data 30.
[0125]
In step SG1, an event is read from the performance data 10. For example, note on event, note off event or timing data.
[0126]
In step SG2, it is checked whether or not the read event is a note-on event. If it is a note-on event, the note-on event is transferred to the buffer for generating the performance data 30 in step SG3.
[0127]
In step SG4, one blank byte is created after the note-on event in the performance data 30 buffer. Thereafter, the process returns to step SG1, and the next event is read from the performance data 10.
[0128]
When it is determined that the event read in step SG2 is not a note-on event, the process proceeds to step SG5. In step SG5, it is checked whether or not the read event is a note-off event. If it is a note-off event, the process proceeds to step SG6.
[0129]
In step SG6, a performance practice flag during note-off velocity included in the note-off event is read from the performance data 10. In step SG7, the performance practice flag is written in the blank byte of the corresponding note-on. A blank byte has already been generated after the note-on event in step SG4.
[0130]
In step SG8, the note-off event is transferred to the performance data 30 buffer. Thereafter, the process returns to step SG1, and the process is repeated for the next event.
[0131]
When it is determined that the event read in step SG5 is not a note-off event, it is timing data, end data, control change or the like, so the process proceeds to step SG9, and the event is transferred to the performance data 30 buffer.
[0132]
In step SG10, it is checked whether or not the event is end data. If it is not end data, the process returns to step SG1 to repeat the process for the next event. If it is end data, it means the end of the performance data, so the processing is ended.
[0133]
The entire process in the flowchart is performed in other processes in step SA5 of the main routine of FIG. Specifically, this is performed after the performer has pressed the start switch for performance practice, and then the performance practice process described above is performed. As described above, the performance practice process is the same process as when the performance practice flag is set during note-on velocity.
[0134]
When data conversion is performed by the above method, the performance practice flag is originally set to note-off velocity, but the converted data is treated as if the performance practice flag is set to note-on velocity. be able to. In addition, since the flag is not set in the note on velocity itself, the accuracy of the note on velocity does not decrease.
[0135]
Note that the method of storing the note-off velocity in association with the note-on event is not limited to the method described above. For example, the following method is also possible.
[0136]
First, an arrangement is prepared for storing note numbers and note-off velocities in the order in which note-on events appear. This arrangement may provide a capacity for storing the note number and note-off velocity of the entire song, or a capacity for storing only a predetermined number (for example, 16) of note numbers and note-off velocity. A ring buffer format may be used in which the used area is used to store new data as the performance practice progresses.
[0137]
As pre-processing, before performance practice starts, the performance data is read out, and when a note-on event is found, the note number included in the note-on event is stored in the note number area in the array, and the note-off event is found. Then, the value of the note-off velocity included in the note-off event is written in the note-off velocity area corresponding to the position in the array where the same note number as the note number included in the note-off event is stored immediately before.
[0138]
By such processing, an arrangement in which note numbers and note-off velocities are stored in the order in which note-on events appear is completed. Then, during the performance practice, this arrangement may be referred to when the note-on event is read out, and the note-off velocity corresponding to the order may be read out.
[0139]
If the number of arrangements is limited to a predetermined number, as the performance practice progresses, a process for newly storing note numbers and note-off velocities in the used areas in the arrangement may be performed in parallel as appropriate. Good. In addition, note numbers and note-off velocities are stored in the order of appearance of note-on events, but note-off events are arranged in the order of appearance of note-on events, so it is not necessary to store note numbers intentionally. . In this case, when creating an array for storing note-off events, the array creation process may be performed while appropriately managing the storage order so that note-off velocities are stored in the order in which the note-on events appear.
[0140]
The case where the cue flag is used as an example of the performance practice flag has been described above. Next, a case where a fingering identification flag (fingering information) is used as another example of the performance practice flag will be described.
[0141]
FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the processing of the main routine when the fingering identification flag is used. This main routine partially overlaps with the main routine of FIG.
[0142]
In step SA1, flags or registers are initialized. In step SA3, performance data reading processing is performed. In step SA5, other processing is performed. Then, it returns to step SA3 and repeats a process.
[0143]
Although the coincidence progress process in step SA2 in FIG. 4 is omitted, a similar process may be performed. The key pressing process corresponding to step SA4 in FIG. 4 is performed in the other processes in step SA5 in FIG.
[0144]
The performance data reading process in step SA3 in FIG. 13 is specifically the process of the flowchart in FIG. However, the note event processing in step SB4 in FIG. 5 is as shown in FIG. 14, unlike the case of the cue flag.
[0145]
FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing details of the note event processing when the fingering identification flag is used. A case where the fingering identification flag is 2 bits will be described.
[0146]
In step SI1, it is checked whether or not the previously read event is a note-on event. If it is a note-on event, the process proceeds to step SI11 to perform sound generation processing. In the sound generation process, musical tone parameters corresponding to the note number (pitch) and note on velocity (volume) included in the note-on event are supplied to the sound source circuit, and the sound system generates sound.
[0147]
Note-on velocity is interpreted and processed as velocity data (volume). However, note-on velocity is slightly less accurate as velocity data because the fingering identification flag is set in the lower bits. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step SI2, and the guide lamp for the key corresponding to the note number 1b (FIG. 2) during the note-on event is turned on.
[0148]
FIG. 15A shows a lighting example of the guide lamp. The keyboard has a plurality of keys 44. The guide lamp 42 is an LED, for example, and is provided for each of the plurality of keys 44. When the note-on event is read, the guide lamp 43 corresponding to the note number in the note-on event is turned on. The guide lamp 42 informs the player which key to press next. The liquid crystal display (LCD) 41 displays the number of the finger to be pressed by the performer by the processing described later. Note that one LCD 41 may be provided for all keys, or one for each key.
[0149]
Returning to the flowchart of FIG. 14, the processing differs depending on whether the fingering identification flag is set in the lower 2 bits of the note-on velocity or in the lower 2 bits of the note-off velocity.
[0150]
If the note on velocity is set, the process of step SI3 is skipped and the process proceeds to step SI4. When the note off velocity is set, the process proceeds to step SI4 after performing the process of step SI3.
[0151]
In step SI3, a note-off event corresponding to the note-on event read out above is searched, and a note-off velocity in the note-off event is obtained.
[0152]
In step SI4, the value of the fingering identification flag which is the lower 2 bits of the note on velocity or note off velocity is checked.
[0153]
When the value of the lower 2 bits is 0, the process proceeds to step SI5, where “1” representing the thumb is displayed on the LCD 41 (FIG. 15A), and the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0154]
When the value of the lower 2 bits is 1, the process proceeds to step SI6, “2” meaning the index finger is displayed on the LCD 41 (FIG. 15A), and the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0155]
When the value of the lower 2 bits is 2, the process proceeds to step SI7, “3” meaning the middle finger is displayed on the LCD 41 (FIG. 15A), and the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0156]
When the value of the lower 2 bits is 3, the process proceeds to step SI8, “4 or 5” meaning the ring finger or little finger is displayed on the LCD 41 (FIG. 15A), and the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0157]
The fingering identification flag is not limited to 2 bits and may be 3 bits. If the fingering identification flag is set to 2 bits, the ring finger and the little finger cannot be identified. However, if the fingering identification flag is set to 3 bits, the ring finger and the little finger are identified. Can be identified.
[0158]
If it is determined that the note event read in step SI1 is not a note-on event, it means that it is a note-off event, so that the process proceeds to step SI12 and a sound muting process corresponding to the note-off event is performed. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step SI9.
[0159]
In step SI9, the guide lamp 43 (FIG. 15A) corresponding to the note-off event is turned off. Thereafter, the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0160]
FIG. 15B shows another display example which is different from FIG.
The display device is, for example, a display device connected to a personal computer or a large LCD provided on a keyboard. A plurality of keys 46 and a roll score 45 are displayed on the display. The roll score 45 is a so-called piano roll score displayed vertically, and represents note-on information and fingering information of performance data.
[0161]
The roll score 45 is scroll-displayed in the direction of the arrow AR (downward in the figure) as time passes. The plurality of keys 46 are displayed at fixed positions without scrolling. In the roll score 45, time t0 indicates the current note-on information and the like. The time axis is directed upward in the figure, and time elapses in the order of times t0, t1, and t2.
[0162]
The display 50 means that the sound of F # is note-on at time t1 and note-off at time t2. The display “2” below the display 50 is fingering information, and suggests that the key should be pressed with the index finger.
[0163]
A display 49 represents note-on information of the sound of D #. The display “1” below the display 49 is fingering information, and suggests that the user should press the key with the thumb.
[0164]
The display 48 represents note-on information of C # sound. The sound of C # indicates that the note is on at the current time t0. The key 47 corresponding to the note-on is colored or the like. The key 47 is a key that the performer should currently press.
[0165]
In addition, fingering information is not limited to the usage form displayed with a finger number. For example, you may use for the display of the shape of a hand, the display of the position which puts a hand, and phrase division. The shape of the hand changes depending on how the key is pressed based on the fingering information. The position where the hand is placed indicates, based on fingering information, where the hand is placed to facilitate key pressing. In the phrase division, the melody is divided into predetermined phrases using the fingering information as one of the conditions for dividing the phrase, and the divided phrases are used in the section for repeated performance and chord detection.
[0166]
Next, a case where a left / right hand identification flag (right / left hand information) is used as an example of a performance practice flag will be described. The processing of the main routine of FIG. 13 and the performance data reading processing of FIG. 5 can be applied as they are. Unlike the above case, the note event processing in step SB4 in FIG. 5 is as shown in FIG.
[0167]
FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing details of the note event process when the left and right hand identification flag is used.
[0168]
In step SJ1, it is checked whether or not the previously read event is a note-on event. If it is a note-on event, the process proceeds to step SJ11 to perform sound generation processing. In the sound generation process, musical tone parameters corresponding to the note number (pitch) and note on velocity (volume) included in the note-on event are supplied to the sound source circuit, and the sound system generates sound.
[0169]
Note-on velocity is interpreted and processed as velocity data (volume). However, note-on velocity is slightly less accurate as velocity data when the left / right hand identification flag is set in the lower bits. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step SJ2 or step SJ3 according to the following conditions.
[0170]
When the left / right hand identification flag is set to note-on velocity, the process of step SJ2 is skipped and the process proceeds to step SJ3. If the left / right hand identification flag is set to note-off velocity, the process proceeds to step SJ3 after performing the process of step SJ2.
[0171]
In step SJ2, a note-off event corresponding to the note-on event read out above is searched to obtain a note-off velocity in the note-off event.
[0172]
In step SJ3, it is checked whether or not the velocity is an odd number. That is, it is checked whether the left / right hand identification flag set in the lower 1 bit of velocity is 1 or not. The left / right hand identification flag is the lower 1 bit of note-on velocity or note-off velocity.
[0173]
When the velocity is an odd number, it means the left hand, so the process proceeds to step SJ4, and “left hand” is displayed on the display. Thereafter, the process returns to the process of FIG. When the velocity is an even number, it means the right hand, so the process proceeds to step SJ5, and “right hand” is displayed on the display. Thereafter, the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0174]
FIG. 17 shows a display example of the left hand or the right hand. The keyboard has a plurality of keys 56. One indicator 55 is provided for each of the plurality of keys 56. If “L” is displayed on the display 52, this indicates to the player that the key 51 corresponding to the display 52 should be pressed with the left hand. If "R" is displayed on the display 54, it indicates to the player that the key 53 corresponding to the display 54 should be pressed with the right hand.
[0175]
Note that a display similar to the display in FIG. 15B may be performed. For example, “L1” is displayed instead of the display “1” below the display 49 to indicate to the player that the left hand (L) thumb (1) should be pressed.
[0176]
Returning to the flowchart of FIG. 16, when it is determined that the event read in step SJ1 is not a note-on event, it means that the event is a note-off event. Therefore, the process proceeds to step SJ12 and the sound corresponding to the note-off event is muted. Process. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step SJ6.
[0177]
In step SJ6, the display corresponding to the note-off event on the display is turned off. Thereafter, the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0178]
Next, a case where a pitch name identification flag (pitch name information) is used as another example of the performance practice flag will be described. The pitch name identification flag indicates whether the pitch name of the black key is expressed by # or ♭. The processing of the main routine of FIG. 13 and the performance data reading processing of FIG. 5 can be applied as they are. Unlike the above case, the note event processing in step SB4 in FIG. 5 is as shown in FIG.
[0179]
FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing details of note event processing when a pitch name identification flag is used.
[0180]
In step SK1, it is checked whether or not the previously read event is a note-on event. If it is a note-on event, the process proceeds to step SK11 to perform sound generation processing. In the sound generation process, musical tone parameters corresponding to the note number (pitch) and note on velocity (volume) included in the note-on event are supplied to the tone generator circuit, and the sound system generates sound.
[0181]
Note-on velocity is interpreted and processed as velocity data (volume). However, note-on velocity is slightly less accurate as velocity data when a pitch identification flag is set in the lower bits. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step SK2 or step SK3 under the following conditions.
[0182]
When the note name identification flag is set to note-on velocity, the process of step SK2 is skipped and the process proceeds to step SK3. If the note name identification flag is set to note-off velocity, the process proceeds to step SK3 after performing the process of step SK2.
[0183]
In step SK2, a note-off event corresponding to the note-on event read out above is searched to obtain a note-off velocity in the note-off event.
[0184]
In step SK3, it is checked whether the note number 1b (FIG. 2) in the note-on event read above indicates a black key or a white key. In the case of a black key, the process proceeds to step SK5 to determine whether the pitch name should be expressed by # or ♭.
[0185]
In step SK5, it is checked whether or not the velocity is an odd number. That is, it is checked whether or not the pitch name identification flag which is the lower 1 bit of the note on velocity or note off velocity is 1.
[0186]
When the velocity is an odd number, it means ♭, so the process proceeds to step SK6, where the note name is displayed or pronounced on the display. For display, for example, “D「 ”is displayed. In the case of pronunciation, for example, it is pronounced “D-flat”. Thereafter, the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0187]
If the velocity is an even number, it means #, so the process proceeds to step SK7, where the note name is displayed or pronounced as # on the display. For display, for example, “C #” is displayed. When pronounced, for example, pronounced “Sea Sharp”. Thereafter, the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0188]
If it is determined in step SK3 that the key corresponding to the note-on event is a white key, neither ♭ nor # is attached, and the process proceeds to step SK4. In step SK4, the note name is displayed or pronounced on the display. For display, for example, “C” is displayed. When pronounced, for example, pronounced “Sea”. Thereafter, the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0189]
If it is determined that the event read in step SK1 is not a note-on event, it means that the event is a note-off event. Therefore, the process proceeds to step SK12, and a sound muting process corresponding to the note-off event is performed. Thereafter, the process proceeds to Step SK8.
[0190]
In step SK8, the display corresponding to the note-off event on the display is turned off. Thereafter, the process returns to the process of FIG.
[0191]
FIG. 19 shows an example of displaying a note name. The keyboard has a plurality of keys 61. One indicator 62 is provided for each of the plurality of keys 61. The display 64 corresponds to the black key 63 and displays “D ♭” or “C #” in accordance with the pitch name identification flag.
[0192]
An example of setting a cue flag for note-on velocity, etc. and an example of setting fingering information for note-on velocity, etc. are shown separately. However, a plurality of types of performance practice flags such as cue flag and fingering information are shown. Two note-on velocities may be set.
[0193]
When the performance practice flag is set in the note on velocity, it is preferable to set the lower 1 to 3 bits in consideration of the accuracy of the note on velocity data. More preferably, a performance practice flag is set in the lower 1 or 2 bits of note-on velocity.
[0194]
When the performance practice flag is set for note-off velocity, the performance practice flag can be set for all bits (7 bits).
[0195]
In addition to note-on velocity and note-off velocity, performance practice flags can be set for volume and effect control information.
[0196]
In the above embodiments, the data amount of the performance data is not set by newly setting a data area unique to the performance practice flag in the performance data, but by setting a part or all of the note on velocity or note off velocity. A performance practice function can be added without increasing the performance.
[0197]
Further, since the performance practice flag is set as a part of note-on velocity or the like, the performance practice flag can be added to the performance data without destroying the format of general-purpose performance data.
[0198]
Since the performance data maintains compatibility with general-purpose performance data (for example, standard MIDI file), it can be widely used for general automatic performance devices that do not have a performance practice function. In the case of using the performance practice device according to this embodiment, in addition to automatic performance, performance control such as matching progress control for each note, fingering identification, left and right hand identification, black key # or ♭ identification, etc. Functions can be added.
[0199]
In the above embodiments, the case where the performance practice flag is set for each note has been described. However, the performance practice flag may be set for each phrase or measure. In that case, a performance practice flag can be set at the beginning of a phrase, or a performance practice flag can be set at the first note (note) of a measure. If a phrase dividing device or the like is used, it is also possible to automatically set the performance practice flag at a predetermined position.
[0200]
Note on note velocity or note off velocity is not limited to interpreting all bits as velocity data (performance information), etc., but only the upper bits excluding the lower bit performance practice flag are velocity data (performance information). And so on. However, in consideration of compatibility with a general-purpose automatic performance device, it is preferable to use all bits for performance information.
[0201]
Also, information indicating whether the performance practice flag is set for note-on velocity or note-off velocity, or what kind of flag is set may be stored in part of the performance data (for example, the header portion). Good. This eliminates the possibility of misinterpreting the flag.
[0202]
The performance practice device is not limited to an electronic musical instrument, but may be a personal computer and application software. In addition, the performance practice device is not limited to being built in an electronic musical instrument together with a sound source device, an automatic performance device, etc., but each is a separate device, and each device is connected using communication means such as MIDI or various networks. It may be connected. Furthermore, it can be applied to an automatic performance piano.
[0203]
The format of the performance data may be a format such as “event + relative time”, “event + absolute time”, “pitch + note length”, “solid method”, etc. in addition to the standard MIDI file.
[0204]
Methods for changing the tempo of automatic performance include changing the tempo clock period, modifying the timing data value while leaving the tempo clock period unchanged, or changing the timing data value in one process. It may be changed.
[0205]
The automatic performance data may have a format in which data of a plurality of channels are mixed, or may have a format in which the data of each channel is separated for each track.
[0206]
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, improvements, combinations, and the like can be made.
[0207]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the lower bits of the data in the performance data are rewritten with the performance practice information, versatility as performance data is maintained. Further, since it is not necessary to secure a special data area for performance practice information, performance practice information can be added to performance data without increasing the amount of performance data. The performance practice information can add a performance practice function to the performance practice device.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a MIDI standard note-on velocity configuration, and FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a note-on velocity configuration in which a performance practice flag is embedded according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a format example of performance data used in the performance practice device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a performance practice device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a main routine when a part of note-on velocity is used as a cue (match progress) flag.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing details of performance data reading processing in step SA3 of FIG. 4;
6A is a flowchart showing a reproduction timer interrupt process, and FIG. 6B is a flowchart showing a match progress timer interrupt process.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing details of note event processing in step SB4 of FIG. 5;
8A is a diagram showing a configuration of a reproduction match progress buffer, and FIG. 8B is a diagram showing a configuration of a hand match progress buffer.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing details of matching progress processing in step SA2 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing details of a key pressing process in step SA4 of FIG.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a performance practice flag is set in a part of note-off velocity.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing data conversion processing of performance data.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing processing of a main routine when a fingering identification flag is used.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing details of note event processing when a fingering identification flag is used.
FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams showing display examples of fingering information. FIGS.
FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing details of note event processing when a left / right hand identification flag is used;
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a display example of left and right hand information.
FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing details of note event processing when a pitch name identification flag is used.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a display example of pitch name information.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 note-on event, 2, 4 timing data, 3 note-off event, 5 end data, 6 velocity data, 7 performance practice flag, 10 performance data, 11 ROM, 12 RAM, 13 CPU, 14 timer, 15 MIDI interface, 16 Floppy disk drive, 17 keyboard, 18 keyboard detection circuit, 19 switch, 20 switch detection circuit, 21 display circuit, 22 sound source circuit, 23 effect circuit, 24 sound system, 25 bus, 30 performance data, 31 performance practice flag, 41 Liquid crystal display (LCD), 42 LED

Claims (6)

Detecting means for detecting first data composed of a plurality of bits from the performance data;
First processing means for interpreting and processing the first data as performance information;
A second value that interprets the four values of the lower 2 bits of the first data as fingering information indicating the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and ring finger or little finger, respectively, and displays information representing the finger based on the fingering information. And a performance practice apparatus. Reading means for sequentially reading performance data;
Search means for searching for a note-off velocity in a note-off event corresponding to the note-on event in response to the reading means reading a note-on event from the performance data;
A performance practice device comprising performance practice processing means for processing the note-off velocity searched by the search means as performance practice information. A means for converting performance data including a note-on event and a note-off event to generate new performance data, and performance practice information corresponding to the note-off velocity in the note-off event in the performance data is stored in the note-off event. Performance data conversion means for generating performance data in a format stored in association with the corresponding note-on event;
Reading means for sequentially reading out performance data generated by the performance data conversion means;
A performance practice device comprising performance practice processing means for performing performance practice processing based on performance practice information associated with the note-on event when the readout means reads a note-on event from performance data. (A) a procedure for detecting first data composed of a plurality of bits from the performance data;
(B) a procedure for interpreting and processing the first data as performance information;
(C) Interpreting the four values of the lower 2 bits of the first data as fingering information indicating the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and ring finger or little finger, respectively, and displaying information representing the finger based on the fingering information A medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the processing procedure. (A) a procedure for sequentially reading performance data;
(B) a procedure for searching for a note-off velocity in a note-off event corresponding to the note-on event in response to reading the note-on event from the performance data in the procedure (a);
(C) A medium on which a program for causing a computer to execute a procedure for processing the searched note-off velocity as performance practice information is recorded. (A) A procedure for converting performance data including a note-on event and a note-off event to generate new performance data, and performing performance information corresponding to the note-off velocity in the note-off event in the performance data A procedure for generating performance data in a format to be stored in association with the note-on event corresponding to the off-event;
(B) a procedure for sequentially reading the performance data generated in the procedure (a);
(C) A program for causing a computer to execute a procedure of performing a performance practice based on performance practice information associated with the note-on event when a note-on event is read from the performance data in the procedure (b) The medium that recorded.

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